DOCSLIB.ORG

Eui Working Papers in History

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Eui Working Papers in History Repository. Research Institute University European Institute. Cadmus, '1 1 European European University Institute, Florence 1 on University Access European Open EUI EUI Working Paper Europe and the Nation-State WORKING EUI HISTORY PAPERS IN Author(s). Available S tuart The 2020. © in W HEC oolf Library No. No. 91/11 EUI the by produced version Digitised Repository. Research Institute University European Institute. Cadmus, on University Please note Please individually (e.g. EUI Working Paper LAWdivided No. into 90/1). six sub-series, each sub-series will be numberedAs from January 1990 the EUI Working Paper Series is Access European Open Author(s). Available The 2020. © in Library EUI the by produced version Digitised Repository. Research Institute University European Institute. Cadmus, Inaugural Lecture of the European University Institute on EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE, FLORENCE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORYAND CIVILIZATION University BADIA FIESOLANA, SAN DOMENICO (FI) Access EUI EUI Working Paper delivered at the Badia Fiesolana European Europe and the Nation-State Open for the session 1990-1991 20 February 1991 S Author(s). Available tuart The 2020. © W in oolf HEC No. No. 91/11 Library EUI the by EUR 940 produced version Digitised Repository. Research Institute University European Institute. Cadmus, on University No part of this paper may be reproduced in any form form any in reproduced be may paper of this part No Access European Open without permission of permission the without author. European University Institute University European Printed in Italy in May 1991 Italy in in May Printed 1991 1-50016 San Domenico (FI) Domenico San 1-50016 All rights All rights reserved. Badia Fiesolana Fiesolana Badia Author(s). Available © Stuart Woolf Woolf © Stuart The Italy 2020. © in Library EUI the by produced version Digitised 2 Repository. Europe and the nation-state Research Despite past and present affirmations of the "end of ideology", we are living in a period deeply charged with Institute ideology, whether proclaimed with genuine faith or far less altruistic motives of market speculation. One of the side- effects of this is a tendency towards historically superficial University and above all short-term explanations of the current crises, whose inadequacy is only too apparent. Little more than a year ago - the year of the bicentenary of the French European revolution and the collapse of the communist regimes of Institute. eastern Europe - the historical explanations of what was happening were permeated with ideological expectations of a Cadmus, brave new world. Today, nationalism is re-emerging in the on xenophobic forms of the half century between the 1880's and University the 1930's, recession is pricking the balloon of complacent Access certainty of the spokesmen of the western market economy as a European universal panacea, war is displaying the fragility of the Open independent equilibrium of international relations. Discussion of the relationship between Europe and the nation­ Author(s). state has shown itself to be as superficial and ahistorical. Available At moments of rapid political and social change, The 2020. historians - like other social scientists - are less confident © in about the assumptions on which they have based their interpretations and look afresh at their theoretical premises. Given the acceleration of the pace of change over the past Library fifty years, historians of my generation have been forced or EUI privileged (the choice of term depending on personal humours the and inclinations) to stand back and reflect critically on by what they do, more frequently and more continuously than their predecessors over the past two centuries, who for the most part derived a greater self-confidence from the values of the produced society and age in which they lived and through which they interpreted the past. version Digitised 3 Repository. Historians have always enjoyed a privileged position because their subject matter is regarded by the general public as more accessible and understandable than that of their Research social science colleagues. History, after all, is close to story-telling - and indeed is regarded by many among the general public, both ordinary folk and politicians, as Institute possessing as tenuous a tie as literature to reality and matters of practical relevance. History, because of its very accessibility to one and all, makes the historian particularly University vulnerable. He or she can take refuge (like his or her social science colleagues and indeed all the professions) in the opacity of a specifically developed technical jargon that is European guaranteed to keep the uninitiated at arm's length. But in so doing, he not only loses that privileged relationship with his Institute. audience. Far worse, he voluntarily renounces his pedagogical Cadmus, role, his deep though often unexpressed belief in the on explanatory (although not the predictive) function of history. University He abandons the field to the amateurs and worse, that motley Access crowd of superficial and racy narrators, in whose company he feels as uncomfortable and unfriendly as did the emerging European Open profession of medical doctors in the 18th century towards the nature-healers whom they described uncharitably as "charlatans". Author(s). Available The result is what some have begun to call a "crisis of history"(l). The phenomenon is not a new one, and its very The 2020. © recurrence at moments of dramatic change merits serious in reflection by historians about the relationship between what they do and their reading public, given the ambivalence of the Library function of history in society. Nowadays, whatever their EUI desire to instruct and not merely to entertain, historians cannot but question the remoteness of their specialised the by production from a socially highly differentiated but expanding reading public. Thè potential of such a market in this post­ modern, quintessentially consumer society has been more ably produced assessed by those whom historians dismiss as popularisers, who display a greater sense of the attraction of the simple and version Digitised 5 Repository. At first sight, the specificity of Europe may seem so obvious as not to merit further discussion. Whether in literary or iconographic form, from the narrators of ancient Research Greece or the cartographers of the middle ages and early modern period, "Europe" - as we call it - is represented at the centre of an expanding world. It is an image that Institute continued, unchallenged, until the cataclysm of the second world war definitively revealed Europe's relative weakness. Although Chinese cartography offers a very different University representation of the world, although Greek culture may have owed much to Phoenician and Egyptian colonisation, the Eurocentric view of the universe has remained unchallenged. European Indeed, as Martin Bernal has recently argued, it was the very sense of superiority of Europe that led to the expunging from Institute. the historical record of any suggestion of the Afroasian Cadmus, origins of ancient Greece (2). on Our self-image of Europe is of course relatively recent, University certainly not predating the high middle ages. When we write Access of the Greeks and Romans as the source of European civilisation, we appropriate to such an idea a geographical European Open dimension that could not have been conceivable to any Greek or Roman. The first historically and politically significant assertion of the very existence of Europe is Charlemagne's Author(s). Available claim in A.D. 800 to be head of a Holy Roman Empire, whose The centre was to be Aachen in succession to Rome. But where an 2020. © ideal continuity exists, from ancient Greece and Rome to very in recent times, is the definition of this civilisation in terms of its difference from, and superiority over, the ‘barbarians' Library outside its frontiers, whether the Persians dismissed by EUI Aristotle, the tribes that overran the Roman empire, the Arabs the and Ottomans, or, later, the Russians (3). In anthropological by terms, this structural dependence of the concept of Europe on the existence of the 'other' needs no explanation. Less clear (to the point of raising at least flickers of doubt among some produced Enlightenment writers) was the profound difference in response version Digitised 4 Repository. readable narration of the lives and political actions of the great, and in this can claim a direct descent from Herodotus, the ancestor of all historians. Research This is not the time or place for developing such reflections. But it may serve the purpose of highlighting the need for professional historians to respond deliberately to Institute the challenges presented to their interpretive grids by the dramatic changes of the past few years. For if they do not, the misuse of history - which has always existed because of University the particular suitability of the subject for justificatory, triumphalistic or purely declamatory purposes - may in present circumstances even, indirectly, result in dangerous practical European consequences. It is incumbent upon those of us who are involved at the cutting edge of historical research to attempt Institute. to suggest deeper and more plausible interpretations, based on Cadmus, more detached and longer-term considerations of the very on ambiguities of the particular forms of historical development University which have shaped and conditioned current crises. Such an Access agenda is far beyond the possibilities of one lecture. But in European a research and postgraduate school like the EUI, characterised Open by its cross-national composition as a scholarly community and its constant sensibility towards the problematic Author(s). interconnections between national and European identities, and Available for an Englishman - given the British habit of excluding The 2020. themselves from what they call "Europe" -,it seems © particularly appropriate at the present time to choose as the in theme of the Jean Monnet lecture the subject of Europe and the nation-state. Library EUI It is in order, I hope, in an Institute like ours for an the Englishman to adopt the French structure of an academic by lecture.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • INTRODUCTION 1. Charles Esdaile, the Wars of Napoleon (New York, 1995), Ix; Philip Dwyer, “Preface,” Napoleon and Europe, E
    Notes INTRODUCTION 1. Charles Esdaile, The Wars of Napoleon (New York, 1995), ix; Philip Dwyer, “Preface,” Napoleon and Europe, ed. Philip Dwyer (London, 2001), ix. 2. Michael Broers, Europe under Napoleon, 1799–1815 (London, 1996), 3. 3. An exception to the Franco-centric bibliography in English prior to the last decade is Owen Connelly, Napoleon’s Satellite Kingdoms (New York, 1965). Connelly discusses the developments in five satellite kingdoms: Italy, Naples, Holland, Westphalia, and Spain. Two other important works that appeared before 1990, which explore the internal developments in two countries during the Napoleonic period, are Gabriel Lovett, Napoleon and the Birth of Modern Spain (New York, 1965) and Simon Schama, Patriots and Liberators: Revolution in the Netherlands, 1780–1813 (London, 1977). 4. Stuart Woolf, Napoleon’s Integration of Europe (London and New York, 1991), 8–13. 5. Geoffrey Ellis, “The Nature of Napoleonic Imperialism,” Napoleon and Europe, ed. Philip Dwyer (London, 2001), 102–5; Broers, Europe under Napoleon, passim. 1 THE FORMATION OF THE NAPOLEONIC EMPIRE 1. Geoffrey Ellis, “The Nature of Napoleonic Imperialism,” Napoleon and Europe, ed. Philip Dwyer (London, 2001), 105. 2. Martyn Lyons, Napoleon Bonaparte and the Legacy of the French Revolution (New York, 1994), 43. 3. Ellis, “The Nature,” 104–5. 4. On the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars and international relations, see Tim Blanning, The French Revolutionary Wars, 1787–1802 (London, 1996); David Chandler, The Campaigns of Napoleon: the Mind and Method of History’s Greatest Soldier (London, 1966); Owen Connelly, Blundering to Glory: Napoleon’s Military 212 Notes 213 Campaigns (Wilmington, DE, 1987); J.
    [Show full text]
  • Download File
    Cultural Experimentation as Regulatory Mechanism in Response to Events of War and Revolution in Russia (1914-1940) Anita Tárnai Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2014 © 2014 Anita Tárnai All rights reserved ABSTRACT Cultural Experimentation as Regulatory Mechanism in Response to Events of War and Revolution in Russia (1914-1940) Anita Tárnai From 1914 to 1940 Russia lived through a series of traumatic events: World War I, the Bolshevik revolution, the Civil War, famine, and the Bolshevik and subsequently Stalinist terror. These events precipitated and facilitated a complete breakdown of the status quo associated with the tsarist regime and led to the emergence and eventual pervasive presence of a culture of violence propagated by the Bolshevik regime. This dissertation explores how the ongoing exposure to trauma impaired ordinary perception and everyday language use, which, in turn, informed literary language use in the writings of Viktor Shklovsky, the prominent Formalist theoretician, and of the avant-garde writer, Daniil Kharms. While trauma studies usually focus on the reconstructive and redeeming features of trauma narratives, I invite readers to explore the structural features of literary language and how these features parallel mechanisms of cognitive processing, established by medical research, that take place in the mind affected by traumatic encounters. Central to my analysis are Shklovsky’s memoir A Sentimental Journey and his early articles on the theory of prose “Art as Device” and “The Relationship between Devices of Plot Construction and General Devices of Style” and Daniil Karms’s theoretical writings on the concepts of “nothingness,” “circle,” and “zero,” and his prose work written in the 1930s.
    [Show full text]
  • Open Thesis.Pdf
    THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHREYER HONORS COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY THE PURPOSE AND FALL OF THE NAPOLEONIC EMPIRE IN THE LOW COUNTRIES AND ITALY NICHOLAS F. BORSUK-WOOMAN Spring 2010 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for baccalaureate degrees in History and Economics with honors in History Reviewed and approved* by the following: Sylvia Neely Associate Professor of History Thesis Supervisor Catherine Wanner Associate Professor of History and Religious Studies Honors Adviser * Signatures are on file in the Schreyer Honors College. ABSTRACT The Purpose and Fall of the Napoleonic Empire in the Low Countries and Italy investigates Napoleon’s aims for the Empire and the reasons for its final demise in the Low Countries and Italy. This work will examine these two aspects in Belgium, the Netherlands, Northern Italy, and Naples. First, I scrutinize Stuart’s Woolf’s thesis that Napoleon attempted to integrate Europe in order to create a single-European state that benefitted the entire continent. I attack his thesis by referring to Paul Schroeder’s argument that Napoleon viewed Europe as colonies that were meant to benefit France. Many of those European colonies benefitted from Napoleon’s colonization, Belgium, Piedmont, and the Kingdom of Italy, while others suffered under his demands, especially the Netherlands and Naples. The underlying theme was the institutions Napoleon implanted into these areas in order to extract their resources. The second argument assaults the view that nationalism was the cause of the fall of the Empire. Through analyzing the Low Countries and Italy, I demonstrate that entrenched political factions existed, separated on financial and economic issues, conscription, and religion.
    [Show full text]
  • Stuart Woolf: Napoleon
    Stuart Woolf: Napoleon: politics of integration? Schriftenreihe Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom Band 127 (2013) Herausgegeben vom Deutschen Historischen Institut Rom Copyright Das Digitalisat wird Ihnen von perspectivia.net, der Online-Publikationsplattform der Max Weber Stiftung – Deutsche Geisteswissenschaftliche Institute im Ausland, zur Verfügung gestellt. Bitte beachten Sie, dass das Digitalisat der Creative- Commons-Lizenz Namensnennung-Keine kommerzielle Nutzung-Keine Bearbeitung (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) unterliegt. Erlaubt ist aber das Lesen, das Ausdrucken des Textes, das Herunterladen, das Speichern der Daten auf einem eigenen Datenträger soweit die vorgenannten Handlungen ausschließlich zu privaten und nicht-kommerziellen Zwecken erfolgen. Den Text der Lizenz erreichen Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode STUART WOOLF Napoleon: politics of integration? Over the past two decades research has immensely widened the range of ques- tions posed about the Napoleonic period and consequentially the forms of nar- rating these crucial years in the history of Europe. Previously the dominant modes of narration were either biographies of Napoleon or an exclusively na- tional perspective that recounted the Napoleonic years as an episode within the history of the individual state. The biographical tradition has continued, indeed the interminably prolonged bicentennial – from Brumaire to Waterloo – has already generated a flood of books on Napoleon that appears incom- parably greater than a century ago, no doubt judged by publishers appropri- ately commensurate to the changed scale of the market of readers. Instead, the Napoleonic years in national historiographies are no longer represented as an interlude or interruption in the teleological subtext of progress towards the nation state.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Knowledge, Imperial Control, and the Use of Statistics in the Ottoman Empire
    WESTERN KNOWLEDGE, IMPERIAL CONTROL, AND THE USE OF STATISTICS IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE Fatma Muge Gocek and M. Sukru Hanioglu #SO0 June 1993 CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON SOCIAL ORGANIZATION WORKING PAPER SERIES The Center for Research on Social Organization is a facility.of the Department of Sociology, The University of Michigan. Its primary mission is to support the research of faculty and students in the department's Social Organization graduate program. CRSO Working Papers report current research and reflection by affiates of the Center. To request copies of working papeTs, the list of otheicenter reprints, or further information about Center activities, write us at 4501 LS&A Building, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, or call (313) 764-7487. WESTERN KNOWLEDGE, IMPERIAL CONTROL, AND THE USE OF STATISTICS IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE Fatma Miige Gosek M. Siikrii Hanioglu University of Michigan Princeton University Sociology Department Near Eastern Studies Dept. Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Princeton, NJ 08544 In the fall of 1885, when Samuel Sullivan Cox, the U.S. Representative to the court of the Ottoman sultan Abdiilhamid I1 (1876-1909), had his first audience with the sultan, one of the topics he discussed was a relatively new social measurement, i.e. the census. Mr. Cox, implicitly associating the American census with progress, made the following suggestion to the Ottoman sultan (Cox 1893: 37): "...In reply to the [sultan's] curiosity as to the miraculous growth of our own land in population and resources, I told him that the only way in which he could possibly understand our advancement would be to take the salient points of our Census reports, and especially the Tenth Census (1880), have them suitably translated, and apply them to his own land".
    [Show full text]
  • Queen's Alumni Review 2009-3 Review Plus
    MEET DANIEL WOOLF • THE BAN RIGH CENTRE REVIE W plusVOL. 4, ISSUE 3, 2009 mThe ilk of human ki ndness Carolyn Maskens, Artsci’09, works to better the lives of some Kenyan orphans PREFER YOUR NEWS IN A DIGITAL FORMAT? Subscribe to the electronic editions of Alumni Review and ReviewPlus It’s free. It’s easy. Send an e-mail note to [email protected] I I I CONTENTS D R A D N A T S RP3 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR - G I H W RP4 CAMPUS NEWS N O T S G ”STAGGERED“ BYTHE N I volume 4, Issue #3, 2009 K E JENKINS TROPHY H T f o Forbes Pritchard, the grandson of Thomas y ReviewPlus, the S E Jenkins, recently saw the Jenkins Trophy for t digital supplement of the r u RP4 o Queen’s Alumni Review magazine, the first time. c is produced four times annually and is posted on-line in RP5 FEATURE REPORT RP5 r E February, May, August, h THE ACCIDENTAL PRINCIPAL P a and November. r g Sure, the University’s Vice-Chancellor and Principal- o t EDITOR o h Designate is an alumnus, a noted historian, teacher, P Ken Cuthbertson, Arts’74, Law’83 y t I [email protected] author, and editor with an extensive background as S r E v a university administrator. However, there’s a whole I KEEPING IN TOUCH NOTES EDITOR n u , Andrea Gunn, MPA’07 other side to Daniel Woolf, and it may surprise you. k c a [email protected] l b BY KEN CUTHBERTSON, EDITOR, g E ART DIRECTOR r QUEEN’S ALUMNI REVIEW g Larry Harris, Creative Services, S n E Marketing and Communications k RP12 COVER STORY RP1 2 S a m CIRCULATION AND BUSINESS MANAGER THE MILK OF HUMAN KINDNESS n y [email protected] l o As CAROLYN MASKENS, ARTSCI’09, explains, when she r a c DIRECTOR OF UNIVERSITY COMMUNICATIONS y set out to raise a bit of money to help improve the lives S E Ellie Sadinsky t r of the children at an orphanage in the East African u o c Opinions expressed in this e-zine are not nation of Kenya, she and her Kenyan friends were o t o necessarily those of Queen’s University h amazed by the response.
    [Show full text]
  • 428 Whiteneck 27/2
    Review of International Studies (2001), 27, 151–168 Copyright © British International Studies Association Long-term bandwagoning and short-term balancing: the lessons of coalition behaviour from 1792 to 1815 DANIEL J. WHITENECK Abstract. Recent literature in International Relations has argued that the absence of ‘balan- cing’ behaviour by European states during the Napoleonic Wars from 1798 to 1815 calls into question current explanations for the presence or absence of such behaviour in international relations. This literature has argued that: (1) Napoleonic France presented a significant threat to the stability of the international system; (2) European states did not balance against this threat from 1798 to 1813, and subsequently balanced only after Napoleon’s defeat in Russia in 1812; (3) members of the system possessed adequate power to balance successfully against this threat; and (4) since European states engaged in co-opting, rewarding, avoiding, or band- wagoning behaviour towards the French threats to the system, a new explanation for the absence of balancing behaviour is required. Each of these four points can be refuted by: taking a longer time perspective of the international system during the period in question, expanding state motives to include interests other than security, using a long cycle model of coalition leadership by a global leader, recognizing the constraints faced by European states in their choices of balancing or bandwagoning behaviour under threats from France, and taking into account the role of innovation
    [Show full text]
  • Daniel Woolf 
    Chapter 5 OF NATIONS, NATIONALISM, AND NATIONAL IDENTITY Refl ections on the Historiographic Organization of the Past Daniel Woolf History has always been important for the development of nations, which draw meaning and identity from a real or invented common past. At the same time, nations have been important for the develop- ment of historiography; nations shape the way historians draw their maps, arrange their books, and defi ne their areas of specialization. But nations are problematic as well as powerful. Most nations are the arbitrary result of circumstance and contingency and not the inevitable expression of natural ethnic or cultural communities. Na- tions must be constructed, sometimes imposed. Like other sources of political allegiance, nationalism is the result both of compulsion and consent, at once source and product of political power. National histories are deeply implicated in the nation’s construction and de- fense. Our task as historians is to do justice to the signifi cance of nations, nationalism, and national histories, without accepting them uncritically; to explain them without explaining them away. —From the call for papers for 2006 American Historical Association annual meeting, conference theme “Nations, Nationalism and National Histories” Forgetting, I would even go so far as to say historical error is a crucial factor in the creation of a nation, which is why progress in historical studies often constitutes a danger for [the principle of] nationality. —Ernest Renan, Qu’est que c’est une nation?1 Historiography, as both a self-referential history and a set of theories about what goes on in the recovery, representation, and construction of the past, is a subject now well advanced.
    [Show full text]
  • The Napoleonic Egyptian Scientific Expdition and the Ninetenth
    Seton Hall University eRepository @ Seton Hall Theses 2009 The aN poleonic Egyptian Scientific Expdition and the Ninetenth-Century Survey Museum Erin A. Peters Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.shu.edu/theses Recommended Citation Peters, Erin A., "The aN poleonic Egyptian Scientific Expdition and the Ninetenth-Century Survey Museum" (2009). Theses. 37. https://scholarship.shu.edu/theses/37 THE NAPOLEONIC EGYPTIAN SCIENTIFIC EXPEDITION AND THE NINETEENTH-CENTURY SURVEY MUSEUM A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Museum Professions Erin A. Peters Seton Hall University South Orange, NJ May 2009 Advisor: Petra ten-Doesschate Chu, Ph.D. Copyright 0 2009 Erin A. Peters ~llrights reserved To Steve and Grandma, whose strength is also a great source of inspiration. And to Ally and Sierra, who prove the future will be a brighter place. And to Ryan- the day that you are in Marblehead and I am in Salem (so that we can throw rocks at each other across Salem Harbor) keeps me going. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I offer the sincerest of thanks to my thesis advisor, Dr. Petra ten-Doesschate Chu, and all of my professors and classmates at Seton Hall. My family and friends deserve more thanks than I can express for their continued support. Also my colleagues at the D. Leonard Corgan Library at King's College in Wilkes-Barre, PA deserve thanks for not only assisting in research inquiries, but for offering an environment that is conducive to working and learning and for always asking how the project was coming with sincerity (not to mention the food and coffee!).
    [Show full text]
  • POL21: the Idea of a European Union
    POL21 (HSPS Part IIb, History & Politics Part II) THE IDEA OF A EUROPEAN UNION PAPER GUIDE 2021-2022 Course Organiser: Dr Christopher Brooke <[email protected]> Introduction to the Paper Lectures: There will be sixteen lectures given by Dr Brooke across Michaelmas and Lent Terms. They will take place on Thursdays, at 9 in both Michaelmas and Lent in Alison Richard Building Room 138. The bulk of this document outlines the kind of material that will be discussed in those sessions. Supervisions: Students taking this paper can expect six supervisions, normally three in each of Michaelmas and Lent Terms, to be arranged with Dr Brooke. Assessment: The Tripos examination paper in Easter Term will contain twelve questions, and candidates will answer three questions. The questions will cover a broad range of topics considered in the course, but will not necessarily narrowly track the weekly lecture topics, and may require candidates to put together material from the different parts of syllabus. Candidates are therefore advised to revise broadly. The Tripos papers from 2016 and 2017 are included at the end of this document, and give a decent idea of what the exam might look like (though this year’s iteration of the course has a little more historical and a little less recent theoretical material). Foreign Languages: Although the bulk of the material on the reading lists that follow is in English, a number of items are in French, and there is a small amount in other languages. This reflects the subject-matter: there are important primary texts that have not been translated, and there is significant current non-Anglophone scholarship which does not have suitable equivalents in English.
    [Show full text]
  • Nationalism in Europe, 1815 to the Present
    NATIONALISM IN EUROPE, 1815 TO THE PRESENT Nationalism has become so integral a part of life in Europe today that it is virtually impossible not to identify oneself with a nation state, and yet nationalism is historically a modern phenomenon. This reader helps the student to gain an understanding of this important subject by offering: • a substantial and wide-ranging introduction • key texts, including John Stuart Mill and Otto Bauer • a selection of texts from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries which emphasize how the understanding of nationalism has changed over time • a comparative European emphasis • pieces previously not published in English • a number of lengthy texts to offer students the possibility of studying in depth As well as providing the central building blocks for informed theoretical discussion, Stuart Woolf also tackles controversial issues such as the difference between the development of nationalism in western and central-eastern Europe and the relationship between nation state and national identity. Stuart Woolf is Research Professor of History at the University of Essex. His previous publications include Napoleon’s Integration of Europe (1991) and his edited collection, Fascism in Europe (1981). NATIONALISM IN EUROPE, 1815 TO THE PRESENT A reader Edited by Stuart Woolf London and New York First published 1996 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2003. Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 © 1996 Stuart Woolf, selection and editorial material © 1996 Routledge, translated material All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
    [Show full text]
  • Memory and Testimony in Extraordinary Times
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8026.2021.e75258 MEMORY AND TESTIMONY IN EXTRAORDINARY TIMES Mail Marques de Azevedo1* 1Uniandrade, Curitiba, PR, Brasil Abstract This paper analyzes two parallel and opposed testimonies of mass annihilation in World War II: Primo Levi’s report of his gruesome experiences in Auschwitz, in The Drowned and the Saved; the testimony of the fire-bombing of Dresden, that killed 130,000 civilians in 1945, recorded by a young American POW, private Kurt Vonnegut Jr, in his novel Slaughterhouse-five. It is basically structured along the phases of the historiographic operation proposed by Paul Ricoeur – testimony and recording of testimonies; questioning of the records and written historical representation of the past – with the objective of drawing conclusions about the role of literature in keeping alive memories that might prevent further atrocities. Steppingstones include the urge to bear witness, the paradoxical links between victims and perpetrators and the choice of literary genders to convey messages. References are made to René Girard’s concept of the scapegoat mechanism as an explanation for the eruption of violence in social groups. Keywords: Historical massacres; testimony; Primo Levi; Kurt Vonnegut * Doctor in English Language and English and North- American Literatures by the University of São Paulo (USP). Postdoctorate studies in postcolonial Indian literature in English (USP). Retired Professor from the Curso de Mestrado e Doutorado em Estudos Literários at Federal University of Paraná. Professor at the Curso de Mestrado e Doutorado em Teoria Literária at UNIANDRADE. Researcher in the areas of Postcolonial, African-American and Afro-Brazilian literatures and autobiographical writing.
    [Show full text]