Tower House, Twatley Farm Near Malmsbury Wiltshire

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TOWER HOUSE, TWATLEY FARM NEAR MALMSBURY WILTSHIRE

PROGRAMME OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDING

on behalf of

MR & MRS WILLIS

CA REPORT: 04126

AUGUST 2004

TOWER HOUSE, TWATLEY FARM NEAR MALMESBURY WILTSHIRE

PROGRAMME OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDING

CA PROJECT: 1803 CA REPORT: 04126

Author: Kate Cullen

Approved: Mary Alexander

Signed: …………………………………………………………….

Issue: 01 Date: 26 August 2004

This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.

© Cotswold Archaeology Headquarters Building, Kemble Enterprise Park, Cirencester, Gloucestershire, GL7 6BQ Tel. 01285 771022 Fax. 01285 771033 E-mail:[email protected] Tower House, Twatley Farm, Near Malmesbury, Wiltshire: Programme of Archaeological Recording © Cotswold Archaeology

CONTENTS

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ...... 2

Photographs...... 2

SUMMARY...... 3

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 4

2. METHODOLOGY...... 4

3. DESIGNATED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES AND PLANNING CONSTRAINTS . 5

4. BASELINE SURVEY...... 6

Historic landscape and buildings ...... 7

5. BUILDING ANALYSIS BY RICHARD K MORRISS ...... 8

The Buildings (See Fig. 2 for building locations)...... 8 Building A: The Western, or Water Tower, Range...... 9 Building B: The North Range ...... 13 Building C: The East Range...... 16

6. PROJECT TEAM ...... 17

7. REFERENCES ...... 18

1 Tower House, Twatley Farm, Near Malmesbury, Wiltshire: Programme of Archaeological Recording © Cotswold Archaeology

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig. 1 Site location plan Fig. 2 Location plan showing buildings Fig. 3 1840 Tithe Map Fig. 4 1921 3rd Edition Ordnance Survey Map (1:2500) Fig. 5 1938 3rd Edition Ordnance Survey Map (revised) (1” to 1 mile)

Photographs

Fig. 6 Building A1: east facing exterior elevation Fig. 7 Building A2: east facing exterior elevation Fig. 8 Buildings A2/A3: west facing interior elevation Fig. 9 Building A3: west facing exterior elevation Fig. 10 Building B: The Northern Range: north facing exterior elevation Fig. 11 Building B1: southern facing exterior elevation Fig. 12 Building B1: west facing interior elevation Fig. 13 Building B1: forge and furnace Fig. 14 Building B2: eastern section; south facing exterior elevation Fig. 15 Building B2: west facing interior elevation Fig. 16 Building C: northern section; west facing exterior elevation Fig. 17 Building C: southern section; west facing exterior elevation Fig. 18 Building C: north facing interior elevation Fig. 19 Building A looking towards northern range

2 Tower House, Twatley Farm, Near Malmesbury, Wiltshire: Programme of Archaeological Recording © Cotswold Archaeology

SUMMARY

Site Name: Tower House, Twatley Farm Location: Near Malmesbury, Wiltshire NGR: ST 8986 8718 Type: Programme of Archaeological Recording Site Code: THT 04

In July 2004, Cotswold Archaeology was commissioned by Mr and Mrs D Willis to carry out a Programme of Archaeological Recording at Tower House, Twatley Farm, near Malmesbury, Wiltshire.

Twatley Manor Farm buildings are Grade II Listed, and comprise two separate ranges built c.1930, probably by architect Septimus Warwick for Herbert Choplin Cox.

The water tower formed part of the southern range (now Tower House) along with stables, blacksmith’s shop, pump-house, mess room, offices and garden sheds. The northern range was built around a courtyard with open-fronted vehicle sheds, a vet’s room, fire station, laundry house and grooms’ lodges: in short, a fully self-sufficient estate with its own water and power supply.

Most of the buildings within the farmstead were constructed with an inner core of brickwork and an outer face of coursed limestone rubble with dressed but irregular limestone quoins. The roofs, despite their various shapes and forms, are all covered with locally derived tilestones laid to graded courses.

3 Tower House, Twatley Farm, Near Malmesbury, Wiltshire: Programme of Archaeological Recording © Cotswold Archaeology

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 In July 2004, Cotswold Archaeology (CA) was commissioned by Mr and Mrs D Willis to carry out a Programme of Archaeological Recording at Tower House, Twatley Farm, near Malmesbury, Wiltshire.

1.2 Planning permission for the conversion of the southern range of courtyard buildings at Twatley Farm (known as Tower House) was granted by North Wiltshire District Council, conditional on a programme of archaeological work in accordance with a brief (June 2004) issued by Fiona Cairns archaeological advisor to North Wiltshire District Council.

1.3 The Tower House building is defined on Figs 1-2 (centred on NGR ST 8986 8718). This report addresses the standing building (the built heritage), and the primary objectives of this report may be summarised as;

 to gather information from cartographic and documentary sources on the recorded historic landuse of the building;

 to carry out a photographic survey of all exterior and interior elevations;

 to describe the fabric and form of the building

2. METHODOLOGY

2.1 The assessment has been produced in accordance with the Wiltshire County Council Archaeological Service Standards for Archaeological Assessment and Field Evaluation in Wiltshire (WCCAS 2003), and has also been guided by the Standard and Guidance for Desk-Based Assessment issued by the Institute of Field Archaeologists (IFA 1999). The baseline survey involved consultation of readily available archaeological and historical information from documentary and cartographic sources. The major repositories of information consulted comprised:

Wiltshire Buildings Record  Listed buildings information

4 Tower House, Twatley Farm, Near Malmesbury, Wiltshire: Programme of Archaeological Recording © Cotswold Archaeology

 Published and unpublished documentary sources

Wiltshire Records Office  Historic maps and documents

National Monuments Record (Swindon) (NMR)  Vertical and oblique aerial photographic records  Published and unpublished documentary sources  NMR Buildings Index

Wiltshire Local Studies Library  Local publications and archive material

Site Survey A site visit was made on 15 July 2004 in order to examine and photograph the building.

2.2 All photographs were duplicated in monochrome print (processed to archive standard) and reversal (slide) film, as well as digitally. All photographs featured an appropriately-sized metric scale, which was logged in conjunction with a detailed description and location of each subject.

2.3 Copies of the photographic survey will be deposited with the Built Environment department of North Wiltshire District Council, and with the County Archaeologist at his discretion for incorporation within the Sites and Monuments Record (SMR).

3. DESIGNATED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES AND PLANNING CONSTRAINTS

3.1 The building lies within Policy Area RH12 of the Local Plan, ‘Types of Residential Development’. Regarding residential conversions, Policy RH12 states that ‘in the countryside, the conversion of buildings to residential use will be permitted where the form, bulk and general design of the existing building are in keeping with its surroundings’.

3.2 The Tower House building is Grade II Listed, and includes the rest of the Twatley Manor Farm buildings comprising two separate ranges. Planning policy regarding

5 Tower House, Twatley Farm, Near Malmesbury, Wiltshire: Programme of Archaeological Recording © Cotswold Archaeology

listed buildings is outlined in Chapter 8 of the Local Plan and set out in Policies RB10-11, reproduced below.

POLICY RB10 LISTED BUILDINGS 3.3 Development within or around the cartilage of a listed building will only be permitted where it preserves its character or setting.

POLICY RB11 DEMOLITION AND ALTERATIONS INVOLVING LISTED BUILDINGS 3.4 Permission for development involving demolition or alterations to a listed building will only be granted, where otherwise acceptable, and where the proposal would preserve the building, any features it possesses of special architectural or historic interest, and its setting. In rare instances, permission for other works involving demolition or alterations to a listed building may, and will only, be granted if justified on balance by all material considerations. Permission for development involving the demolition of any Grade I or II* building will be wholly exceptional and will require the strongest justification.

4. BASELINE SURVEY

Introduction 4.1 The courtyard buildings have until recently been used for a range of agricultural purposes. The site occupies land overlooking the north bank of the River Avon between Easton Grey and Malmesbury, to the east of Whatley Manor, and lies at approximately 98m AOD. The solid geology across the Site comprises Kellaways Clay (a silty clay with sand) of the Upper Jurassic Period (BGS 1970).

Previous work 4.2 In December 2000 to January 2001, Queenpost Building Histories (Cormier 2000- 2001) undertook a programme of building investigation and recording to accompany listed building consent for alterations to Whatley Manor (Figs 1-2). The Manor House itself, and what is now Twatley Farm were originally part of the same estate, and as such this report also incorporated much of the history of Twatley Farm. A copy of this unpublished typescript report is held in the Wiltshire Buildings Records (ref B1061).

6 Tower House, Twatley Farm, Near Malmesbury, Wiltshire: Programme of Archaeological Recording © Cotswold Archaeology

Grade II Listing (ref 1359-0/3/10007) 4.3 Twatley Manor Farm buildings are Grade II Listed, and comprise two separate ranges. These ranges were used as farm buildings until recently. They were built c.1930, probably by architect Septimus Warwick for Herbert Choplin Cox.

4.4 The water tower formed part of the southern range (now Tower House) along with stables, blacksmith’s shop, pump-house, mess room, offices and garden sheds. The northern range (Fig. 19) was built around a courtyard with open-fronted vehicle sheds, a vet’s room, fire station, laundry house and grooms’ lodges (as recorded in the listing information in 1997).

Historic landscape and buildings

The 19th Century 4.5 The standing core of Twatley farmhouse (now Grade II Listed as Whatley Manor), originated in the 18th century, but first appears on the Malmesbury Tithe map of 1840 (Fig. 3). The land was in the parish of Brokenborough, part of the Bremilham Manor estate. The map shows an earlier phase of the building now known as Whatley (formerly Twatley) Manor, but no buildings in the area now occupied by Tower House. The Tithe Apportionment Register describes the structures as ‘house, garden, buildings, and orchards’, and the land occupied now by Tower House as pasture, both owned by the Earl of Suffolk and occupied by Henry Morris. The Ordnance Survey maps from 1886 to 1900 further indicate growth and alterations to Twatley Farm, but no development of the land to the east.

The 20th century 4.6 By 1921 the 3rd Edition Ordnance Survey map (Fig. 4) indicates a ‘Pump House’ and well in the vicinity of the current farm buildings, and by the 1938 revised edition a number of buildings, presumably barns are shown (Fig. 5). These, however, do not conform to the plan of Tower House, and must date to shortly before the erection of the buildings standing today. It is therefore likely that the Tower House buildings were constructed c.1930 onwards. A number of drawings dating to this period are held in the Royal Institute of British Architects (R.I.B.A.) archive (ref RAN/74/I/13), and are by the architect Septimus Warwick detailing ‘alterations to Twatley Farm’ (Cormier 2000-2001).

7 Tower House, Twatley Farm, Near Malmesbury, Wiltshire: Programme of Archaeological Recording © Cotswold Archaeology

4.7 Twatley Farm was bought by Herbert Choplin Cox in c.1925 and it is during his ownership the construction of the courtyard ranges incorporating Tower House occurred. He died in 1945 and his executors sold the estate (which included both the Manor House, and the farm), to H.I. Coriat, who then sold to R.J. Rennie who subsequently divided the property c.1961 forming Twatley Manor and Twatley Farm (VCH 1994). The manor is now Whatley Manor Hotel, and the farm belongs to Mr and Mrs D Willis.

5. BUILDING ANALYSIS by Richard K Morriss

The Buildings (See Fig. 2 for building locations)

5.1 The buildings in this study form the southern of a series of courtyards primarily given over to stabling and, given their date, a surprisingly late example of their type on such a scale.

5.2 They appear to have been built in the early 1930’s and were designed by the architect Septimus Warwick. Warwick (1881-1953) set up in practise with Herbert Austen Hall in 1905 and in the same year they won the competition to design Lambeth Town Hall in London.1

5.3 In the following year they were successful in designing another town hall in the capital, at Holborn, and in 1909 won a competition to design the new county council offices for Berkshire in Reading, described by Pevsner as ‘Free Palladian and quite lively’.2

5.4 The partnership of Hall & Warwick was dissolved in 1913 after which Warwick moved to Canada and stayed there for seven years. On his return, he designed several more office buildings between the World Wars in London, as well as some mansion flats in fashionable areas such as Bayswater.

5.5 Details of the rest of his domestic work are sketchy, mainly because he was not considered to be one of the significant British architects of the 20th century.

1 Stuart Gray, A, 1985, Edwardian Architecture: A Biographical Dictionary, 371 2 Stuart Gray, op. cit., 371; Pevsner, N, 1988, Buildings of England: Berkshire, 202

8 Tower House, Twatley Farm, Near Malmesbury, Wiltshire: Programme of Archaeological Recording © Cotswold Archaeology

However, it does seem unlikely that he designed many other agricultural buildings such as those at Twatley.

Building A: The Western, or Water Tower, Range

5.6 The Western Range comprises, from south to north, a former garage or coach house; the water tower; and the former engine room of the electricity plant for the house.

5.7 Despite the apparently disparate nature of these components, the whole range was evidently of one build. Like most of the other buildings within the farmstead, it is constructed with an inner core of brickwork and an outer face of coursed limestone rubble with dressed but irregular limestone quoins. The roofs, despite their various shapes and forms, are all covered with locally derived tilestones laid to graded courses.

Building A1: The Garage

Description 5.8 The former garage or coach house is at the southern end of the Western Range of buildings, attached to the water tower immediately to the north of it and clearly contemporary with the rest (Fig. 6).

The Exterior 5.9 It is a tall single-storey structure under a plain-gabled tilestoned roof, built of a brick inner skin with a facing of coursed limestone rubble with dressed limestone quoins. On the east side is a broad double doorway opening with dressed limestone jambs and a rather over-stretched flat-arch of stone voussoirs hiding the true lintel over spanning the opening. On the west side there is a single two-light window with a simple stone surround with projecting sill and there is a similar two-light window in the south gable end.

9 Tower House, Twatley Farm, Near Malmesbury, Wiltshire: Programme of Archaeological Recording © Cotswold Archaeology

The Interior 5.10 The interior is a single open space with no obvious features, fixtures or fittings of note or historical significance.

Discussion 5.11 This was evidently designed for the storage of a vehicle. It may simply have been a garage but seems to have been built rather late for a coach house.

Building A2: The Water Tower

Description 5.12 The tower is a tall structure, clearly contemporary with the buildings to the north and south of it and with no evident breaks in construction in between (Fig. 7). Its west and east side walls are in line with the respective west and east walls of those attached ranges, and the dressed stone quoins only begin above the level of the wall-plates of those ranges.

The Exterior 5.13 Architecturally it is a three-storey structure with gabled attic, but the third floor is considerably taller than the two others below it. At each of those lower floor levels there are casement windows in the west and east sides.

5.14 On the east side these are of three-lights with dressed stone jambs, projecting sill, and a rather odd flat arch of worked stone. The glazing is of cast-iron rectangular panes, though the outer lights of the first-floor window are boarded up.

5.15 On the west side the windows are smaller and of just two lights, though they have a more traditional simply moulded unitary stone surround, flush to the external wall face apart from a projecting cornice on the top of the lintel.

5.16 High up in the third floor there are identical narrow single light windows on all four elevations with moulded stone surrounds, a projecting sill and a depressed four- centred head; these windows are not and presumably were never glazed; instead, they are infilled with slatted timber louvres.

10 Tower House, Twatley Farm, Near Malmesbury, Wiltshire: Programme of Archaeological Recording © Cotswold Archaeology

5.17 Each elevation is topped by a coped gable, and in each of these there are round owl holes with simple worked stone surrounds; these are slightly misleading as they have rectangular reveals on the inside.

5.18 At the four corners there are large box hopper heads at the base of the gable slopes, though not all of the down pipes from them have survived. There is a simple remnant of a weathervane at the centre of the roof where the ridges of the four cross-gabled roof structures meet.

The Roof 5.19 The timber roof structure is fairly simple; the feet of the rafters are embedded into a set-back in the internal brickwork and are machine sawn and of fairly thin scantling. Each of the cross-dormered sections has a single tier of purlins and a ridgeboard and the roof is covered in tilestones with a ceramic ridge.

The Interior 5.20 The lower rooms are tiled and plastered and stripped of any of the main fixtures and fittings they may have had. The ground-floor section, lit by windows in the side walls, is open to the adjacent section of the long northern part of the range, Building A3 (Fig. 8).

5.21 At first-floor level the tall and full-width room is lit by windows in the west and east walls and spanned by a pair of boxed axial ceiling beams. The room is linked by a central doorway to the former battery room to the north. A tall but thin vertical iron ladder against the western side of the north wall provides access to the tank room and roof space above.

Discussion 5.22 The lower rooms of the tower were separate from its primary function – as the location of the main water tank supplying the estate. The necessary water pressure was obtained by the sheer height of the tower, built at a time when mains water was presumably not a viable alternative in such a rural area and on a virtually self- sufficient estate.

11 Tower House, Twatley Farm, Near Malmesbury, Wiltshire: Programme of Archaeological Recording © Cotswold Archaeology

Building A3: The Power Plant

Description 5.23 The Power Plant forms the northern section of the Western Range northwards from the Water Tower to a gable end. It is evidently contemporary with the tower to the south and the buildings to the east, although it projects slightly further to the north than the latter range.

The Exterior 5.24 This is a two-storey range with a roof ridge higher than that of the garage (Building A1) on the opposite side of the tower. On its east side the northern section is obscured by the adjacent Northern Range (Building B1) – which also has a slightly lower wall height and roof ridge (Fig. 9).

5.25 The section facing the courtyard has a single doorway with plain worked stone surround and a dormer gable lighting the first-floor with a two-light window and hipped cross-gabled roof.

5.26 The longer western elevation has a doorway to the southern end and a pair of two- light ground-floor windows with plain stone surrounds. Above these is a wide three- light dormer lighting the upper floor with similar details to the one on the opposite side.

5.27 In the plain-gabled northern end there is a first-floor doorway towards the east side reached up an external flight of steps with simple iron handrail. This is built of stone and there is an arched recess at ground-floor level. The gable end is topped by a stone chimney at the ridge.

The Roof 5.28 The plain gabled roof is of three bays, with two simple trusses supporting a single tier of purlins. The roof slopes are covered in tilestones.

The Interior 5.29 Apart from a narrow section partitioned off from the rest at the northern end of the ground floor, both floor levels within this building are open throughout as long full- width single spaces – barring a narrow section at the north end of the ground-floor reached through a four-panelled door.

12 Tower House, Twatley Farm, Near Malmesbury, Wiltshire: Programme of Archaeological Recording © Cotswold Archaeology

5.30 The tiled ground floor section is continued into the ground-floor of the Water Tower (Building A2) but has no communication with any other range (Fig. 9). It contains brick and concrete machine bases and isolated electrical and other fittings on the walls, but all of the generating machinery has been removed.

5.31 Access to the first-floor is by way of the external staircase at the northern end; it is linked by way of a doorway to the first-floor level of the tower section as well. Like the ground-floor, most of the fixtures and fittings have been removed.

Discussion 5.32 This part of the complex was the main power generating station for the estate, with the generating plant in the engine room on the ground floor and the batteries and accumulators taking and storing the power that they produced on the floor above. The net result would have been a self-sufficient supply of electricity for the estate.

Building B: The North Range

5.33 The North Range (Fig. 10) of the southern courtyard is made up of two parts, though these are of one build. This can be seen in the pattern of quoins on the taller western section, which only begin above the wall-plate level of the lower eastern section – and in the fact that below that level, the coursing runs through across the junction between the two. That build is contemporary with the rest of the complex and is constructed of the same brick inner skin and rubblestone outer facing.

Building B1: The Forge and Mess Room Section

Description 5.34 The western one and half storey section of this range once housed the forge on the ground floor and the mess hall on the storey above. It is taller than the eastern half of the range, but slightly shorter than the northern section of the Western Range (Building A) against which it was built.

13 Tower House, Twatley Farm, Near Malmesbury, Wiltshire: Programme of Archaeological Recording © Cotswold Archaeology

The Exterior 5.35 The elevation to the southern courtyard is fairly simple, with an informal vernacular symmetry (Fig. 11). There are three and two-light plainly stone-framed casement windows at ground-floor level and a three light casement lighting the first floor level, its upper section accommodated by a cross-gabled and coped dormer.

5.36 The north elevation is asymmetric. There are two two-light simply stone-framed casements on the ground floor with a stone-framed double doorway in between. Towards the eastern end is a loft access doorway, the head of which is within a stone coped gable dormer; it is reached by a flight of stone external steps and a short landing, with iron handrail. At the opposite end of the elevation at first-floor level is a two-light casement, its top section within a hip-roofed dormer.

5.37 The plain gabled roof is tile stoned and at the eastern end there is a ridge chimney; this section of the gable is obviously taller than the lower section of the range to the east (Building A2). The roof truss has principal rafters linked by a collar, from which a king-post rises to the ridge; there are a single tier of purlins.

The Interior 5.38 Despite the glazing pattern, the ground-floor of this portion of the range is taken up by one long and well-lit single room with door access in the north wall (Fig. 12). In the middle of the east end wall, the cast-iron furnace and forge, with its canopy, survived at the time of the survey (Fig. 13). A maker plaque reads ‘Sturtevant Engineering CO. LTD. London’. Access to the upper floor was by an external stair, and that was also one single chamber open to the roof.

Discussion 5.39 The ground-floor space was originally the forge. It was well-lit by two windows in each side wall and accessed through a large double-doorway in the north wall presumably designed to allow horses to enter the space and larger pieces of equipment. There was originally no direct access to the first-floor, which was accessed, instead, by an external staircase on the north side. This first-floor space was once the mess room, open to the roof and well lit by windows in each side wall.

14 Tower House, Twatley Farm, Near Malmesbury, Wiltshire: Programme of Archaeological Recording © Cotswold Archaeology

Building B2: The Eastern Section

Description 5.40 The eastern section is a fairly tall but single storey block under a plain-gabled roof, lower than the western section (Building B1) but slightly taller than the East Range (Building C).

The Exterior 5.41 The eastern end of the range’s courtyard, or southern, elevation is butted against by the East Range. In it there is a stone-framed double doorway and, to the west, a three-light stone-framed casement window (Fig. 14).

5.42 Similarly, on the northern elevation, the eastern part is obscured by another range – the open-fronted shelter shed. In the remainder of the elevations there is a doorway flanked by two single-light windows, the western one being within an odd section of walling under a lean-to rising to the wall-plate of the western portion. Further east is a larger three-light stone-framed casement.

5.43 The east gable end is plain, and topped by a primary chimney on top of the inwardly projecting stack. The roof is supported by a single tier of boxed purlins and, in the longer eastern section, is a central truss – consisting of principals linked by a collar and with a king-post to the ridge.

The Interior 5.44 The interior was originally made up of two separate full-width rooms open to the roof with no connection in the cross-wall between them. The western portion had a double doorway flanked by two small windows in the north wall, with a three-light window opposite.

5.45 The longer eastern portion had a grander appearance, open to a two-bay section of the roof and with a projecting stack and fireplace in the eastern gable end (Fig. 15). It was lit by a window in the north wall and accessed by a double doorway to the courtyard in the south wall – both openings towards its western end. There were originally no other openings.

15 Tower House, Twatley Farm, Near Malmesbury, Wiltshire: Programme of Archaeological Recording © Cotswold Archaeology

Discussion 5.46 Clearly these two rooms were not connected and as they were accessed from different parts of the stable yard they had different functions – but the double doorways indicate that they must have been stable or yard related rather than domestic – even though the eastern room had a fireplace.

Building C: The East Range

Description 5.47 The eastern range of the southern courtyard is a single-storey block lower than any of the others with a short cross-wing towards the southern end projecting into the courtyard. It is faced with the standard coursed rubble with dressed quoins and plain dressed surrounds to the openings, and has the same graded tile-stoned roof.

The Exterior 5.48 On the courtyard, or west, elevation, there is a small doorway and loop window at the northern end to the northern room. To the south there is a large double doorway to the next room and to the south of that, a two light and three light window to either side of the projecting wing (Fig. 16).

5.49 On the east elevation there are two two-light windows flanking a three-light window. In the plain-gabled southern end of the range a pair of single light windows flank the internal stack, which is topped by a projecting ridge chimney.

5.50 The projecting south-western wing has a two-light window in the gable end, a single light window in the southern return and a doorway opposite in the northern return. It has a plain gabled roof (Fig. 17).

The Interior 5.51 The interior of the main section is divided up into four unequal but full-width spaces, and there was an additional room occupying the wing. The northernmost room is the smallest, a well-lit space accessed from a doorway in the courtyard side but with no original access to any other part of the complex. The room to the south has a double-doorway off the courtyard, opposite a large three-light window in the east wall.

16 Tower House, Twatley Farm, Near Malmesbury, Wiltshire: Programme of Archaeological Recording © Cotswold Archaeology

5.52 The two southern rooms are linked by a central doorway in the cross-wall between them. The smaller northern section is lit by windows in the side walls. The longer southern room is accessed through the wing, which is effectively its porch. The room was heated, having a fireplace in the south gable end (Fig. 18).

Discussion 5.53 The layout of the two southern rooms and the porch-cum-wing on the west side could suggest a domestic purpose, perhaps a bothy or accommodation for one of the stable-yard workers. The narrow northernmost room may have been a WC, whilst the room to its south, with double doors, could have been a loose box or perhaps a tack room.

6. PROJECT TEAM

The project was researched and the report produced by Kate Cullen, with building analysis by Richard K Morriss. The report was illustrated by Lorna Gray. The project was managed by Mary Alexander.

7. REFERENCES

BGS (British Geological Survey) 1970 Sheet 251 Malmesbury, 1 inch to 1 mile

IFA (Institute of Field Archaeologists) 1999 Standards and Guidance for Desk-Based Assessments

NWDC (North Wiltshire District Council) June 2004 Brief for the guidance of historic buildings/archaeological consultants in the recording of historic buildings prior to redevelopment or alteration

Victoria County History of Wiltshire 1994 Malmesbury Hundred Vol XIV

WCCAS 2003 Standards for Archaeological Assessment and Field Evaluation

Wiltshire Buildings Record Ref B1061: Cormier, J. M. unpublished Whatley Manor, Easton Grey, Malmesbury, Wiltshire: Report on Building Investigation and Recording December 2000-January 2001.

Wiltshire Record Office (WRO) Ref 1024/1 Particulars of the Manors of Brokenborough and Brinkworth in the County of Wiltshire belonging to the Right Honourable Earl of Suffolk and Berkshire 1785

Ref 2443/1 Conveyances, Leases, Particulars, Conditions and Agreements of Sale, regarding Twatley House and Farm

Cartographic sources 1840 Tithe Map for Malmesbury (WRO) 1886 1st Edition Ordnance Survey map (1:2500) Sheet 8/13 1889 1st Edition Ordnance Survey map (1” to 1 mile) Sheet 8/13 1900 2nd Edition Ordnance Survey map (1:2500) Sheet 8/13 1921 3rd Edition Ordnance Survey map (1:2500) Sheet 8/13 1938 3rd Edition Ordnance Survey map (revised) (1’’ to 1 mile) Sheet 8/13 2001 Ordnance Survey Superplan (1:2500; centred on Site)

18 Reproduced from the 1998 Ordnance Survey Explorer map with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office N c Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeological Trust AL50196A

Site

0 2.5km

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PROJECT TITLE Tower House, Twatley Farm, Malmesbury, Wiltshire FIGURE TITLE Site location plan Wiltshire SCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. 1:25,000@A4 1803 1 Reproduced from the 2001 Ordnance Survey Superplan map with the permission 899 of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office N c Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeological Trust AL50196A

872

9 A3 B1

B2 11 A2 7 14 A1 6 16 C

ST 0 50m

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PROJECT TITLE site Tower House, Twatley Farm, Malmesbury, Wiltshire A1 buildings FIGURE TITLE 6 orientation of exterior photos (showing Fig. number) Location plan showing buildings

SCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. 1:500@A4 1803 2 3

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PROJECT TITLE Tower House, Twatley Farm, 3 1840 Tithe Map Malmesbury, Wiltshire FIGURE TITLE 4 1921 3rd Edition Ordnance Survey Map (1:25,000) Historic maps

SCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. not to scale 1803 3 & 4 5

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PROJECT TITLE Tower House, Twatley Farm, 5 1938 3rd Edition Ordnance Survey map (revised) Malmesbury, Wiltshire (1" to 1 mile) FIGURE TITLE Historic map

SCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. not to scale 1803 5 6

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PROJECT TITLE Tower House, Twatley Farm, Malmesbury, Wiltshire 6 Building A1: east facing exterior elevation FIGURE TITLE Photograph

SCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. n/a 1803 6 7

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PROJECT TITLE Tower House, Twatley Farm, Malmesbury, Wiltshire 7 Building A2: east facing exterior elevation FIGURE TITLE Photograph

SCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. n/a 1803 7 8

COTSWOLD ARCHAEOLOGY

PROJECT TITLE Tower House, Twatley Farm, Malmesbury, Wiltshire 8 Buildings A2/A3: west facing interior elevation FIGURE TITLE Photograph

SCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. n/a 1803 8 9

COTSWOLD ARCHAEOLOGY

PROJECT TITLE 9 Building A3: west facing exterior elevation Tower House, Twatley Farm, Malmesbury, Wiltshire FIGURE TITLE 10 Building B, The Northern Range: north facing Photographs exterior elevation

SCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. n/a 1803 9 & 10 11

COTSWOLD ARCHAEOLOGY

PROJECT TITLE 11 Building B1: southern facing exterior elevation Tower House, Twatley Farm, Malmesbury, Wiltshire FIGURE TITLE 12 Building B1: west facing interior elevation Photographs

SCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. n/a 1803 11 & 12 13

COTSWOLD ARCHAEOLOGY

PROJECT TITLE Tower House, Twatley Farm, Malmesbury, Wiltshire 13 Building 1: forge and furnace FIGURE TITLE Photograph

SCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. n/a 1803 13 14

COTSWOLD ARCHAEOLOGY

PROJECT TITLE Tower House, Twatley Farm, 14 Building B2: easter section; south facing Malmesbury, Wiltshire exterior elevation FIGURE TITLE Photographs

SCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. n/a 1803 14 15

COTSWOLD ARCHAEOLOGY

PROJECT TITLE 15 Building B2: west facing interior elevation Tower House, Twatley Farm, Malmesbury, Wiltshire FIGURE TITLE 16 Building C: northern section; west facing Photographs exterior elevation

SCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. n/a 1803 15 & 16 17

COTSWOLD ARCHAEOLOGY

PROJECT TITLE Tower House, Twatley Farm, Malmesbury, Wiltshire 17 Building C: southern section; west facing FIGURE TITLE exterior elevation Photograph

SCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. n/a 1803 17 18

COTSWOLD ARCHAEOLOGY

PROJECT TITLE Tower House, Twatley Farm, Malmesbury, Wiltshire 18 Building C: north facing interior elevation FIGURE TITLE Photograph

SCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. n/a 1803 18 19

COTSWOLD ARCHAEOLOGY

PROJECT TITLE Tower House, Twatley Farm, Malmesbury, Wiltshire 19 Building A, looking towards northern range FIGURE TITLE Photograph

SCALE PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO. n/a 1803 19