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%Iit§Hi1'2 3R2rn1'h Éurietp (Formerly the Records Branch of the Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society) %iIt§hi1'2 3R2rn1'h éurietp (formerly the Records Branch of the Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society) VOLUME XL FOR THE YEAR 1984 Impression of 500 copies WILTSHIRE DISSENTERS’ MEETING HOUSE CERTIFICATES AND REGISTRATIONS 1689-1852 EDITED BY 1.11. CHANDLER DEVIZES 1985 © Wiltshire Record Society ISBN U 901333 17 4 Produced For the Society by Alan Sutton Publishing Gloucester CONTENTS pages Preface ix INTRODUCTION The Legislative Background xi A/Ieeting House Certificates xiv The Licensing Authorities and their Records XXI The Incompleteness ofthe Record XXV The Dissenters and their Premises xxvii Editorial Method xxxfi Sources and Abbreviations xxxvi THE CALENDAR 1 APPENDIX I/Viltshire Registrations under the Declaration of Indulgence 1672 I7] INDEX OF DENOMINATIONS I77 INDEX OF OCCUPATIONS I79 INDEX OF PERSONS AND PLACES I81 List ofMembers 21‘) Publications ofthe Society 1-0-If>'>5 PREFACE Mrs Nancy Steele retired from the post of Honorary Secretary to the Society at the Annual General Meeting in _Iuly 1984 after thirteen years of working for the Society. All members of the Society are indebted to her, not least for the many successful Annual General Meetings which she organized, but perhaps only members who have served on the Committee can fully appreciate how much she has done for the Society. Happily the Committee still has the benefit of her help and advice. The new Honorary Secretary is Dr john Chandler, who is also the editor of this volume. Dr Chandler wishes to acknowledge the help and advice given by two previous general editors of the Society, Dr D.C. Cox and Miss _Ianet Stevenson. He also wishes to thank the archivists responsible for the docu- ments calendared here for their unfailing courtesy and guidance, especially Miss K.P. Stewart; Mr K.H. Rogers and the staff of the of the Wiltshire Record Office; Miss M.E. Williams and the staff ofthe Bristol Record Office; Mr D._I.H. Smith and the staff of the Gloucestershire Record Office; and Mr G. Toop ofthe Public Record Office. The librarians ofBristol Baptist College, Dr Williams's Library, the University of Bristol Library and the Library ofthe Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society have allowed him access to published works in their care, and his colleagues on the staff ofthe Wiltshire Library and Museum Service have assisted him in many ways. To all ofthein he offers his thanks. For permission to publish these documents in calendar form the Society is grateful to the Bishops of Salisbury, Gloucester and Bristol, the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, and the Wiltshire County Council. J. L. KIRBY INTRODUCTION The Legislative Bacleground The documents calendared in this volume resulted from the Toleration Act which received the royal assent on 24 May 1689,‘ and which continued in force (with alterations) until repealed on 30 _Iune 1852.’ This act‘ opened a new chapter in English nonconformity by removing from the established church the monopoly of legal forms of religious worship, and by enabling the dissenting denominations to progress from small bands of persecuted enthu- siasts to a respectable, powerful and significant minority in English life.“‘ Owing to the large number of strange sects which had emerged during the comparatively tolerant years of the Civil War and the Commonwealth and Protectorate the Restoration Parliament was generally hostile to toleration, and a number of disabilities were imposed upon nonconformists; but in 1672 King Charles ll himself attempted to remove some of these disabilities. His Declaration of Indulgence?’ was issued without the sanction of Parliament and thus without the force of law. Central to this indulgence was permission to hold religious meetings, or conventicles, and this required a system of licensing and registration. The surviving body of records ofthis brief period of toleration (it lasted a little under one year, from 15th March 1672), therefore, is a precursor to later registration, and the Wiltshire records have been included in this volume as an appendix. After this brief respite, brought to a close by the recall of Parliament in 1673, protestant nonconformists were sufferers from the near universal hostility towards and mistrust of Roman Catholic recusants, and therefore of all religious dissidents, engendered at the close of the decade by talk ofa ‘Popish plot’ to instal the Catholicjames II on the throne in place of his brother. Their own antagonism towards Catholics only made matters worse, since it embittered Charles II against them. A Toleration Bill of1680/1 passed through all its stages and only failed when the king refused to give his assent and then dissolved Parliament.“ The dissolution of Parliament — it was not recalled in Charles’s lifetime — ushered in a period of more severe persecution, which ‘ Lords _]ournal, vol. 14, p. 217. 3 Lords _]ournal, vol. 84, p. 421. -‘ lWm&M, eh. I8, An actfor exempting their Majesties’ protestant subjects di'.<senting_froiii the Church oj England froin the penalties of certain laws. I-‘art of the text is in English historical documents, l66()—l7l4, ed. A. Browning, 1953, pp. 40-l)—3. ‘ The best modern treatment is by Watts, M.R. The dissenters: jroin the reformation to the French revolution, I978. " Printed in Eng. Hist. Docs. l66(P1714, pp. 387-8. “ It received its Commons second reading on 24th November I680: Commons_]ournal, vol. 9, p. 661, and a conference about its not receiving the royal assent was in session when Parliament was dissolved: Lords journal, vol. 13, pp. 756-7). xii INTRODUCTION came to an end only with the reign of James II, 1685-8, who favoured toleration only because it applied primarily to Catholics. _]ames, like his brother, issued a declaration ofindulgence. in April 1687; as in 1672 provision was made for the registration of meeting houses, but this time notification was to be made to local (‘some one or more of the next justices of the peace’) rather than to central government.’ No records of registration under this declaration appear to survive in Wiltshire, ifindeed any were ever made." The effect of this declaration was beneficial to protestant nonconformists in two ways: at face value it sanctioned their activities and reinforced religious liberties; but the storm of protest it provoked, on account ofits permissiveness towards Catholics, found Church of England and many protestant nonconformists marshalled on the same side against the Catholic threat. Thus the way was opened for the toleration of protestant dissent. Legislation touching nonconformity had to concern itself with three mat- ters: the kinds of nonconformity that were to be permitted; the activities in which nonconformist leaders and their adherents might or might not engage; and the places where nonconformists might hold their meetings. Only the last ofthese is our concern in this volume, and is considered here. The Toleration Act of 1689 stipulated that: no congregation or assembly for religious worship shall be permitted or allowed by this Act until the place of such meeting shall be certified to the bishop of the diocese, or to the archdeacon of that archdeaconry, or to thejustices ofthe peace at the general or quarter-sessions of the peace for the county, city or place in which such meeting shall be held, and registered in the said bishop's or archdeacon’s court respectively, or recorded at the said general or quarter sessions; the register or clerk of the peace whereof respectively is hereby required to register the same, and to give certificate thereofto such person as shall demand the same. for which there shall be no greater fee nor reward taken, than the sum of six pence." The provisions for registering meeting houses enacted in 1689 were to remain in force virtually unaltered until 1812. They were not compulsory in the sense that transgressors could not be penalised under the act for infringe- ment. The Toleration Act merely set out conditions which had to be met before nonconformists became immune from prosecution under earlier sta- tutes forbidding such activities, which were not repealed. A congregation neglecting to have its meeting house registered under the 1689 act laid itself open to prosecution, or more likely harassment, from magistrates by virtue of Elizabethan and later legislation. The 18th century, although it witnessed several attempts at nonconformist 7 Text in L-‘rig. Hist Docs. 1660-1714, pp. 395—7. Use ofmagistrates to register meeting houses was first envisaged in a bill introduced in February 1673, which however failed to receive a final reading in the Lords: Lords _]onrnal, vol. 9, pp. 252-81 pas.<i'm. H Weleli, E. ‘The registration of meeting l1oiises,' iiijournal of the Society of/1ri'lii'i/i'.<ts, vol. 3(3), 1966, pp. 116-21), comments (on p. 116) that absence of state papers makes it difficult to decide whether registration was carried out. But local quarter sessions records. the registering authority, may provide the answer. “ lWni&'M, t'h.18, s.9: Statutes at Large, vol. 3, p.427. INTRODUCTION xiii legislation, not all successful, brought only one change to the registration of meeting houses. In 1791 an act extended to Roman Catholics many of the benefits of toleration, including the opportunity to have meeting houses registered, although this could only be done by quarter sessions.‘ Revision of the Toleration Act, which became an issue after 1800, was precipitated not by dissatisfaction with the procedure for registering meeting houses, but with concern at the regulation of itinerant preachers, whose numbers had burgeoned under the impetus of the late-18th century evangelical revival. A bill introduced into the Lords in 1811 generated massive opposition from the nonconformist lobby, and failed. A second bill, the Dissenters’ Relief Bill, 1812, also failed, although its aim of overhauling the 1689 act was regarded sympathetically by the Lords? A third attempt was more successful, and with little opposition a new Toleration Act received the royal assent on 29th July 1812." The Toleration Act of 1812 made several alterations to the procedures for registering meeting houses.
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