IIWC New Horizons New Horizons in the Conservation of Wooden Built Heritage 21st IIWC Symposium, York 2018 12 – 15 September 2018, York, UK The 21st International Symposium of the ICOMOS International Wood Committee supported by ICOMOS-UK and York Archaeological Trust, and in association with the University of York, Historic England and York Minster Proceedings Editor: Dr. Tanya L. Park, IIWC Vice-President (Oceania), Southern Cross University, NSW Austalia 1 ISBN 978-0-6485799-0-8 IIWC New Horizons Preface and Acknowledgements The IIWC’s 21st International Symposium, held in York, England between 12-15th September, 2018, wouldn’t have been possible without the help and involvement of so many people and organisations. Their invaluable participation in York has helped the IIWC to bring awareness of wooden built heritage to a wider audience and to reach a more diverse range of experts, professionals and practitioners. They have helped ICOMOS to deliver its message to a wider variety of nations and cultures; and have helped ICOMOS-UK in its aim to provide a forum for all those involved in the conservation of cultural heritage in the UK. York Archaeological Trust, which includes the Jorvik Group, provided venues, staff, catering, and organisational expertise. This obviously helped convince us to hold the symposium in the wonderful historic city of York; but YAT’s substantial support also gave us the solid foundations on which to build the rest of the programme. So my first and most gushing thanks is to their CEO David Jennings for his kind and incredibly generous offer and for making this all possible. Acknowledgements and grateful thanks also go to: ICOMOS-UK for their support and to their staff Anthea Longo, Caroline Sandes and Susan Denyer for their patience and diligence in helping us to organise and put on this event. the dedicated events staff of the Jorvik Group including Gareth Henry, the Jorvik presenters (everyone loved the evening, the Japanese and Chinese delegates particularly), John and John the IT guys (for their patience), all the catering staff at St Anthony’s Hall (the food for our conference dinner was delicious), and finally and especially Emily Readman for her energy, dedication and skill in making such a complex event seem so effortless and go without incident. the University of York’s Archaeology Department and to their staff Claire McNamara and Rhys Williams, for providing us with excellent lecture room facilities for our opening address and annual IIWC meeting, and for the brilliant reception at King’s Manor. the Dean & Chapter of York Minster for letting us visit one of the world’s most magnificent cathedrals, to Alex McCallion the Minster’s Director of Works and Precincts for helping us coordinate and conduct the various tours inside the Minster on the day, and to Steve Bielby the Minster’s Clerk of Works for sharing with us his years of experience and unique knowledge of the Mason’s Loft and Chapter House roof. During our visit we also enjoyed insights into the remarkable collection of the Minster’s stained glass from the conservator Dr Celeste Flowers; and enjoyed the brilliant Hugh Harrison and his discussion of the unique 12th century Chapter House wooden doors. the City of York for the tour of the 12th and 14th century Walmgate Bar, part of the York city walls, and to York city archaeologist John Oxley and structural engineer Robert Thorniley-Walker for sharing with us their involvement in the conservation works on the Bar completed in 2016. Merchant Adventurers’ Hall, and to Lauren Marshall, hall manager, for her excellent tour of the wonderful medieval timber frame 14th century guildhall, the oldest and finest in York. Ian Panter, Head of Conservation at York Archaeological Trust for our workshop at YAT’s conservation Laboratory, and to Steve Allen and Charlotte Wilkinson for showing us YAT’s unrivalled laboratory facilities and sharing their valuable knowledge on the conservation of artefacts and structures from marine environments and especially waterlogged wood remains. Paul Bryan, Geospatial Imaging Manager of Historic England, for our workshop at HE’s York offices, and to HE’s Jon Bedford and David Andrews for demonstrating the geospatial surveying technologies currently available to the heritage practitioner and giving us advice and guidance on their practical application with wooden built heritage. York Archaeological Trust again for letting us use Barley Hall for a workshop location and to Peter McCurdy for his excellent seminar on the reconstruction of this important 14th century monastic hospice carried out by his company between 1990-93. 2 ISBN 978-0-6485799-0-8 IIWC New Horizons Members of the ICOMOS-UK wood committee, especially Dana Challinor, Mike Bamforth and Maggie Henderson, for their insights and help with so many of the details. Many people spoke to me during the conference to thank me and say how much they were enjoying themselves. We plan these events to bring people together from as many different nations, cultures and professional backgrounds as possible. Ultimately the success of the event then is in part thanks to this varied group of people who come together, but they come because hopefully we have provided something special and unique for them to experience. I believe that everyone involved in organising and putting on the York symposium helped us to achieve just that. Doug Evans Chair, York Symposium Committee Trustee, ICOMOS-UK and Chair, ICOMOS-UK Wood Committee Vice-President (Europe) & Treasurer, ICOMOS International Wood Committee London, June 2019 3 ISBN 978-0-6485799-0-8 IIWC New Horizons Table of Contents page D. Evans Introduction 5 A. Nyhamar Logged-on and hands-on; The International Course on Wood Conservation Technology 25 K. M. Melin Conservation and craft research, Ingatorps tithe barn - a corner timbered building from the 13th century 30 T. Easton Understanding and preserving apotropaic symbols on timber surfaces 43 G. Chen Discussion on the protection and utilization mode of traditional wooden structure building in the historic district of South Jiangsu, China 52 G. MacDonald Shiver me timbers! - polar heritage in a warming global climate 66 J. Ye, C. Fivet Restoration of ancient Chinese opera spiral wooden domes 78 H. B. Høgseth Heritage craft science 96 J. Thompson Carpenters’ joints 110 M. Khakban, B. Pedram, M. A. Emami Rescue wooden structures through the transfer to an open air museum 113 M. Kisternaya Wood science in the educational programs for carpenters, restorers and conservators 123 S. Koç,, D. Mazlum Conservation model for wooden mosques in Turkey: case study of Beysehir Esrefoglu mosque 128 Y. Li, E. Koshi, T. Tsuchimoto Mutual development of base to ridge post structure and shaft/roof frame structure examination from linguistic expressions targeting architecture 138 J. Liblik, E. Arumägi, A. Just, J. Küppers Preservation of historic wooden buildings with traditional surface finishes 150 A. Martinez de Arbulo The handing down of traditional carpentry techniques in Japan 159 Y. Pan Heritage education system in the conservation and regeneration plan of Tsumago-juku in Japan 166 B. Pedram, M. S. Mahjoub Conservation of wooden buildings complex of Kiashahr port fishery area 175 A. Brekke In search for knowledge on sustainability 184 M. de G. Zepeda Martinez Theoretical aspects of dismantling-temporary architecture a look based on the principles of heritage conservation built with wood and the Nara charter 197 Abstracts M. Bamforth What lies beneath - the wooden built heritage under our feet 207 C. Dobbs From trees and timber to shipwrightry and the wooden built heritage: The Mary Rose 209 Z. Hazell, E. Aitken, A. Middleton, K. Rankin, M. Mavrogordato Wood identifications of London wreck artefacts, using microscopy and X-ray micro-CT scanning 210 W. Fulton, J. May The Conservation of Wooden Built Heritage in a Post-Quake Climate: The former Community of the Scared Name Convent and Chapel, Christchurch New Zealand 211 4 ISBN 978-0-6485799-0-8 IIWC New Horizons Introduction Doug Evans Chair, New Horizons York Organising Committee In a session of the of the 19th General Assembly of ICOMOS held in Delhi on 15th December 2017, the new IIWC ‘Principles for the Conservation of the Wooden Built Heritage’ were adopted as ICOMOS doctrinal text. These new ‘IIWC Principles’ replaced those adopted previously in 1999. Ever since the IIWC was established in 1975, the need for a set of conservation principles has been a continuous theme in the Committee’s ongoing discussions and activities. The drafting of the IIWC’s original 1999 ‘Principles for the Preservation of Historic Timber Structures’ went through many revisions from 1992 until it was eventually adopted as an ICOMOS doctrinal text at the 12th General Assembly in Mexico, October 1999. At the 16th ICOMOS General Assembly in Quebec 2008 a revision and update of the 1999 Principles was proposed to take account of: recognition of a wider variety of wooden heritage including its intangible aspects; to better respond to the diversity of cultural heritage and the diversity of approaches to conservation, as embraced in the Nara Document on Authenticity (Japan 1994); to improve the organisation and applicability of the document; and to update its content adapting it to current concerns, knowledge and processes. The theme for the 21st IIWC Scientific Symposium in 2018 was “New Horizons for the Conservation of Wooden Built Heritage”. It was conceived of as a platform to promote the new IIWC 2017 Principles through an interchange of new research and technical advancements in the conservation of wooden built heritage. “New Horizons” in York was open to both ICOMOS members and non-members alike. The events in York over the four days in September 2018 were designed to engage a diverse community of experts, professionals and practitioners with the common goal of exploring new multi-disciplinary perspectives and potentialities in the field of conservation.