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Environmental Criminality Analysis in Senica District

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Environmental Criminality Analysis in Senica District Environmental Criminality Analysis in Senica District Andrea Koprlová Bachelor thesis 2016 ANOTÁCIA Táto bakalárska práca pojednáva o téme analýza environmentálnej kriminality v okrese Senica. Teoretická časť sa zaoberá legislatívou, ktorá sa viaže ako na otázku životného prostredia a environmentálnej ochrany, tak i na kriminalistiku. V ďalšej časti sú trestné činy rozdelené podľa typológie a v nasledujúcej kapitole je opísaný monitoring stavu ži- votného prostredia. V praktickej časti sú najskôr opísané metódy analýzy a je predstavený okres Senica. Potom sa pristupuje k toxikológii a samotnej analýze environmentálnej kri- minality. V poslednom rade tu je zahrnutá kapitola s vyšetrovacími postupmi a návrhy na zlepšenie vyšetrovania alebo prevenciu environmentálnej kriminality. Kľúčové slová: životné prostredie, kriminalistika, trestný čin, vyšetrovanie ANNOTATION This bachelor thesis discusses the topic of environmental criminality analysis in Senica district. Theoretical part is oriented toward the legislative section connecting with the mat- ter of environment and environmental protection, and with criminalistics. In the next part crimes are separated according to the typology and in the next chapter monitoring of envi- ronment condition is described. In practical part there are initially represented analysis methods and Senica district is introduced. After that, toxicology and environmental crimi- nality analysis come up. Lastly a chapter with investigation processes and suggestions for investigation improvement or environmental criminality prevention are included. Keywords: environment, criminalistics, crime, investigation ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I hereby declare that the print version of my Bachelor's/Master's thesis and the electronic version of my thesis deposited in the IS/STAG system are identical. CONTENTS CONTENTS ......................................................................................................................... 7 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 9 I. THEORY ......................................................................................................................... 10 1 LEGISLATION ........................................................................................................ 11 1.1 LAW NO. 372/1990 ACT ABOUT OFFENSES .................................................... 11 1.2 LAW NO. 17/1992 ENVIRONMENTAL CODE .................................................. 11 1.3 LAW NO. 300/2005 CRIMINAL CODE ................................................................ 12 1.4 LAW NO. 301/2005 CRIMINAL ORDER ............................................................. 12 1.5 LAW NO. 245/2003 ABOUT INTEGRATED PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, LATER ADJUSTED BY LAW NO. 532/2005 ............................................................................................ 13 1.6 LAW NO. 223/2001 WASTE ACT AND MODIFICATION AND COMPLETION OF SOME LAWS ........................................................................ 13 1.7 LAW NO. 220/2004 ABOUT PROTECTION AND USAGE OF AGRICULTURAL SOIL AND ABOUT CHANGE OF LAW NO. 245/2003 ABOUT INTEGRATED PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ....................................................................... 15 1.8 LAW NO. 364/2004 CODE ABOUT WATER AND CHANGE OF LAW NO. 372/1990 ABOUT OFFENSES ........................................................................ 15 1.9 LAW NO. 137/2010 AIR ACT ................................................................................. 16 2 TYPES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMINALITY .................................................... 17 2.1 DAMAGE OF ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................... 17 2.2 UNJUSTIFIED WASTE DISPOSAL ..................................................................... 17 2.2.1 ILLEGAL DUMPS.................................................................................................... 18 2.3 UNJUSTIFIED EMISSION OF POLLUTING MATERIAL .............................. 18 2.4 BREACHING OF WATER AND AIR PROTECTION ....................................... 18 2.5 BREACHING OF PLANT AND ANIMAL PROTECTION ............................... 19 2.6 POACHING .............................................................................................................. 20 3 MONITORING ............................................................................................................... 21 3.1 SUBJECTS ................................................................................................................ 21 3.2 ELEMENTS .............................................................................................................. 22 3.3 MONITORING OF PARTICULAR ELEMENTS ............................................... 22 II. ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................... 24 4 METHODS AND DATA .......................................................................................... 25 5 DISTRICT SENICA ................................................................................................. 26 5.1 LOCATION .............................................................................................................. 26 5.2 LAYOUT ................................................................................................................... 27 5.3 INHABITANTS ........................................................................................................ 27 5.3.1 EMPLOYERS .......................................................................................................... 30 5.4 ECONOMY ............................................................................................................... 30 5.5 CULTURE ................................................................................................................ 31 5.6 ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................................................... 31 6 TOXICOLOGY .............................................................................................................. 33 6.1 CHARACTERISTIC OF SELECTED SUBSTANCES, THEIR IMPACTS AND SOURCES OF POLLUTION ........................................................................ 33 6.1.1 IMPACTS OF SELECTED SUBSTANCES AND SOURCES OF POLLUTION ...................... 34 6.1.2 CHARACTERISTIC OF SELECTED SUBSTANCES ....................................................... 35 6.2 ILLEGAL DUMPS IN DISTRICT ......................................................................... 37 7 ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMINALITY ANALYSIS .................................................... 39 7.1 CONNECTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMINALITY AND UNEMPLOYMENT ................................................................................................. 41 7.2 2013 ............................................................................................................................ 42 7.3 2014 ............................................................................................................................ 43 7.4 2015 ............................................................................................................................ 45 7.5 CRIMES AGAINST THE ENVIRONMENT ....................................................... 47 8 INVESTIGATION PROCESS ...................................................................................... 48 8.1 MAIN STEPS IN INVESTIGATION..................................................................... 48 9 SUGGESTIONS .............................................................................................................. 49 9.1 PREVENTION ......................................................................................................... 49 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................. 51 BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................................................................................. 52 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................... 57 LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... 58 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. 59 APPENDICES .................................................................................................................... 60 TBU in Zlín, Faculty of Logistics and Crisis Management 9 INTRODUCTION The topic of environmental criminality is, in this moment, very actual and grows with im- portance of resolution. This subject was chosen because the author is interested in crimi- nalistics and also in environment protection. Protection of the environment is something in what should be interested every citizen and it is everyone’s duty to do so. Origins of this protection are spotted even in the Constitution of the Slovak Republic. The goal of environmental criminalistics is to eliminate formation of crimes committed on environment. If such crime happened, the aim is to find the offender and make him pay for what he has done, or oblige him to clear any consequences caused by his actions. The in- vestigators should also help prevent the creation of these crimes. In theoretical part
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