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Society Appeal to Save Historic Illustrations GeoscientistThe Fellowship magazine of The Geological Society of London | www.geolsoc.org.uk | Volume 21 No 7 | August 2011 APATITE FOR GROWTH Phosphate reserves in Arctic Russia MR THORNTON I PRESUME? Dr Livingstone’s forgotten geologist society on facebook ] [www.facebook.com/geolsoc FISH FOR CASH Society appeal to save historic illustrations CONTENTS GEOSCIENTIST IN THIS ISSUE AUGUST 2011 FEATURES 12 APATITE FOR GROWTH Glasby and Voytekhovsky on phosphate deposits of Arctic Russia’s Kola Peninsula 18 LIVINGSTONE’S GEOLOGIST Richard Boak tells the sad tale of Richard Thornton, Livingstone’s forgotten geologist REGULARS 05 WELCOME Phosphate essentials – is the world really running out? Ted Nield investigates. 06 SOAPBOX Russell Corbyn wonders why Italian scientists still must face the Inquisition in our allegedly rational age 08 GEONEWS What’s new in the world of geoscientific research 11 COVER STORY: SPONSOR-A-FISH 10 SOCIETY NEWS What your Society is doing at Society launches appeal to conserve and home and abroad, in London and the regions digitise Louis Agassiz fossil fish illustrations 22 LETTERS We welcome your thoughts 23 BOOK & ARTS Two reviews by Bryan Marker and Joe McCall 24 PEOPLE Geoscientists in the news and on the move 26 OBITUARY Two distinguished Fellows remembered 27 CALENDAR Society activities this month 29 CROSSWORD Win a special publication of your choice ONLINE SPECIALS n NAMIBIAN GEM The IUGS Commission for Geoenvironmental Management (GEM) meets in 09 18 Windhoek. Laurance Donnelly and Brian Marker report AUGUST 2011 03 04 AUGUST 2011 ~ EDITOR’S COMMENT GEOSCIENTIST TETRAGONOLEPSIS ANGULIFER AGASSIZ. WATERCOLOUR BY JOSEPH DINKEL, 1834. FROM RICHARD WEAVER’S MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, BIRMINGHAM Found by John Greaves in Wilmerts quarry, nr. Stratford upon Avon, c.1830 ~ PHOSPHATE ESSENTIALS iving things need phosphate – the Geoscientist is the E enquiries@centuryone subject of this month’s main feature. Fellowship magazine of publishing.ltd.uk the Geological Society W www.centuryone Nucleic acids and cell metabolism of London publishing.ltd.uk depend upon it. Obtaining adequate Contact CHIEF EXECUTIVE phosphate supplies is therefore a key The Geological Society, Nick Simpson need for farmers all over the world, Burlington House, Piccadilly, T 01727 893 894 London W1J 0BG E nick@centuryone especially in areas where phosphate is T +44 (0)20 7434 9944 publishing.ltd.uk Lthe main growth-limiting factor. Sadly, F +44 (0)20 7439 8975 indiscriminate over-use of phosphates is now as E [email protected] ADVERTISING EXECUTIVE W www.geolsoc.org.uk Jonathan Knight much of a headache in some countries as under- T 01727 739 193 supply is in others. Publishing House E jonathan@centuryone The Geological Society publishing.ltd.uk Worse still, the world may be running out of Publishing House, Unit 7, phosphate. In 2009 the USGS suggested that Brassmill Enterprise Centre, ART EDITOR Brassmill Lane, Bath Heena Gudka reserves might begin to run out in as little as a BA1 3JN quarter of a century. A more reassuring picture was T 01225 445046 DESIGN & PRODUCTION recently painted (2010) by the Alabama-based F 01225 442836 Sarah Astington Tanya Kant International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), Library which suggested 300-400 years was a more likely T +44 (0)20 7432 0999 PRINTED BY F +44 (0)20 7439 3470 Century One Publishing Ltd. figure. But it is notoriously hard to get reliable E [email protected] information on phosphate reserves out of either Copyright EDITOR-IN-CHIEF The Geological Society of industry or governments. Professor Tony Harris FGS London is a Registered Charity, Figures available to international bodies like the number 210161. EDITOR ISSN (print) 0961-5628 IFDC consist of unverifiable and often highly Dr Ted Nield NUJ FGS ISSN (online) 2045-1784 dubious government statistics. The absence of any international agency charged with collating and EDITORIAL BOARD The Geological Society of London Dr Sue Bowler FGS accepts no responsibility for the verifying world data on phosphate reserves Dr Robin Cocks FGS views expressed in any article in this continues to pose a major obstacle to assessing the Dr Martin Degg FGS publication. All views expressed, except where explicitly stated size of the problem. Nevertheless, with demand set Dr Joe McCall FGS otherwise, represent those of the Dr Jonathan Turner FGS author, and not The Geological to grow by up to 3% per year, even optimistic Dr Jan Zalasiewicz FGS Society of London. All rights reserved. No paragraph of this publication may commentators are now warning that the time is fast Trustees of the Geological be reproduced, copied or transmitted approaching when the world will begin to see Society of London save with written permission. Users registered with Copyright Clearance phosphates in a “strategic” light. Dr J P B Lovell OBE Center: the Journal is registered with (President); Professor P A CCC, 27 Congress Street, Salem, MA Most reserves are to be found in sedimentary Allen (Secretary, Science); 01970, USA. 0961- deposits, and are heavily concentrated in China and Miss S Brough; Mr M 5628/02/$15.00. Every effort has Brown; Professor R A been made to trace copyright holders Morocco/Western Sahara, who together with USA Butler; Mr D J Cragg; of material in this publication. If any and Russia control over 70% of world reserves. This Professor J Francis; rights have been omitted, the Professor A J Fraser; Dr S A publishers offer their apologies. concentration raises issues of food security - and of Gibson; Mrs M P Henton No responsibility is assumed by the potential market manipulation in future. The Paris- (Secretary, Professional Publisher for any injury and/or Matters); Dr R A Hughes Dr damage to persons or property as a based International Fertilizer Industry Association, A Law (Treasurer); Professor matter of products liability, which represents producers, points out that markets R J Lisle; Professor A R Lord negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, will function to bring more reserves online as the (Secretary, Foreign & products, instructions or ideas External Affairs); Mr P contained in the material herein. prices rise. However this may be scant comfort to Maliphant (Vice president); Although all advertising material is less well-off countries, and ignores the fact that many Professor S B Marriott (Vice expected to conform to ethical president); Professor S (medical) standards, inclusion in this deposits are uncommercial because of intractable Monro OBE; Mr D T Shilston publication does not constitute a difficulties with toxic elements, such as cadmium. ( ); Dr C guarantee or endorsement of the President designate quality or value of such product or of One thing is certain – phosphate has no substitutes. GeosThe Fellowship magazine of The Geological Socciiety of London |ent www.geolsoc.org.uk | Volumei 21 Nost 7 | August 2011 P Summerhayes (Vice the claims made by its manufacturer. APATITE FOR president); Professor GROWTH The best hope for the future now lies in reducing Phosphate reserves in J H Tellam; Dr J P Turner Subscriptions: All correspondence Arctic Russia waste by more sophisticated application of fertilizers, (Secretary, Publications); relating to non-member subscriptions MR THORNTON should be addresses to the Journals I PRESUME? Professor D J Vaughan; Dr Livingstone’s and by recovering phosphates from such potent Subscription Department, Geological forgotten geologist Mr N R G Walton Society Publishing House, Unit 7 waste sources as dairy and pig manure, or at waste- Brassmill Enterprise Centre, Brassmill Published on behalf of the Lane, Bath, BA1 3JN, UK. Tel: 01225 water treatment plants, where pipes are often Geological Society of 445046. Fax: 01225 442836. Email: blocked by buildups of ‘struvite’ (a deposit of London by [email protected]. The Century One Publishing subscription price for Volume 21, phosphate, magnesium and ammonium). Processes Alban Row, 27–31 Verulam 2011 (11 issues) to institutions and to make these recovery processes industrially viable non-members is £108 (UK) or £124 / ] Road, St Albans, Herts, US$247 (Rest of World). [find us on facebook! are under development, but may be decades away. AL3 4DG FISH FOR CASH T 01727 893 894 © 2011 The Geological Society Society appeal to save historic illustrations F 01727 893 895 of London DR TED NIELD EDITOR AUGUST 2011 05 GEOSCIENTIST SOAPBOX Back to Galileo Galilei BY RUSSELL CORBYN Russell Corbyn wonders why Italian scientists apparently still have to expect to face an Inquisition in our allegedly rational age as seismologists face trial over their alleged ‘failure’ to predict the April 2009 l’Aquila earthquake SOAPBOX Italy was the birthplace of physicist, ‘Forecasting’ may be possible; but the mathematician, astronomer and all-round prediction - of many things – remains very science genius Galileo Galilei in the 16th difficult. Well, come on - it’s probably Soapbox is open to Century. At that time, men believed that impossible. We all know this. Michael Fish contributions from all Fellows. God created all, the sun circled the Earth would agree. You can always write a letter to and Jupiter had no moons. And yet despite the fact that this is the Editor, of course: but Reticence was not the order of the day widely known, Chinese whispers, perhaps you feel you need when the scientific revolution displaced hyperbole and ministers bearing platitudes more space? the Earth from its central position in the have been the order of the day. An Italian cosmos and in so doing shook Europe to Civil Protection National Service document If you can write it entertainingly in its core. Galileo was duly charged with notes that Italy is a tectonically active 500 words, the Editor would like heresy in 1633 and ultimately, publication region with “20 million Italians exposed to hear from you. of his work was forbidden.
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