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The Synthesis of Fluorescent 3, 6-Dihydroxyxanthones
University of Wisconsin Milwaukee UWM Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations August 2016 The yS nthesis of Fluorescent 3, 6-dihydroxyxanthones: A Route to Substituted Fluoresceins Surajudeen Omolabake University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd Part of the Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Omolabake, Surajudeen, "The yS nthesis of Fluorescent 3, 6-dihydroxyxanthones: A Route to Substituted Fluoresceins" (2016). Theses and Dissertations. 1299. https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/1299 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE SYNTHESIS OF FLUORESCENT 3, 6-DIHYDROXYXANTHONES: A ROUTE TO SUBSTITUTED FLUORESCEINS by Surajudeen Omolabake A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science In Chemistry at University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee August 2016 ABSTRACT THE SYNTHESIS OF FLUORESCENT 3, 6-DIHYDROXYXANTHONES: A ROUTE TO SUBSTITUTED FLUORESCEIN by Surajudeen Omolabake University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2016 Under the Supervision of Professor Alan W Schwabacher Xanthones belong to the family of compounds of the dibenzo-γ-pyrone framework. Naturally occurring xanthones have been reported to show a wide range of biological and medicinal activities including antifungal,19 antimalarial,20 antimicrobial,21 antiparasitic,22 anticancer,23 and inhibition of HIV activity in cells.24 Xanthones have also been used as a turn on fluorescent probe for metal ions,32 including use as pH indicators, metal ion sensors, in molecular biology, medicinal chemistry and in the construction of other dyes. -
The Chemotherapy of Malignant Disease -Practical and Experimental Considerations
Postgrad Med J: first published as 10.1136/pgmj.41.475.268 on 1 May 1965. Downloaded from POSTGRAD. MED. J. (1965), 41,268 THE CHEMOTHERAPY OF MALIGNANT DISEASE -PRACTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS JOHN MATTHIAS, M.D., M.R.C.P., F.F.A., R.C.S. Physician, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, S.W.3. THE TERM chemotherapy was introduced by positively charged alkyl (CH2) radicles of Ehrlich to describe the specific and effective the agent. treatment of infectious disease by chemical (a) The nitrogen mustards: mustine (HN2 substances. It is currently also applied to the 'nitrogen mustard', mechlorethamine, treatment of malignant disease. Unfortunately mustargen), trimustine (Trillekamin no aspect of tumour metabolism has been HN3), chlorambucil (Leukeran, phenyl discovered which has allowed the development butyric mustard), melphalan (Alkeran, of drugs capable of acting specifically upon the phenyl alanine mustard), uramustine malignant cell, so that cytotoxic drugs also (Uracil mustard), cyclophosphamide affect normal cells to a greater or lesser degree. (Endoxan or Cytoxan), mannomustine The most susceptible or sensitive of the normal (DegranoO). tissues are those with the highest rates of cell (b) The ethylenamines: tretamine (trie- turnover and include the haemopoietic and thanomelamine, triethylene melamine, lympho-reticular tissues, the gastro-intestinal TEM), thiotepa (triethylene thiopho- the the testis and the hair epithelium, ovary, sphoramide), triaziquone (Trenimon).by copyright. follicles. (c) The epoxides: triethyleneglycoldigly- Cancer chemotherapy may be said to encom- cidyl ether (Epodyl). pass all treatments of a chemical nature (d) The sulphonic acid esters: busulphan administered to patients with the purpose of (Myleran), mannitol myleran. restricting tumour growth or destroying tumour 2. -
Comparative Study of Disinfectants for Use in Low-Cost Gravity Driven Household Water Purifiers Rajshree A
443 © IWA Publishing 2013 Journal of Water and Health | 11.3 | 2013 Comparative study of disinfectants for use in low-cost gravity driven household water purifiers Rajshree A. Patil, Shankar B. Kausley, Pradeep L. Balkunde and Chetan P. Malhotra ABSTRACT Point-of-use (POU) gravity-driven household water purifiers have been proven to be a simple, low- Rajshree A. Patil Shankar B. Kausley (corresponding author) cost and effective intervention for reducing the impact of waterborne diseases in developing Pradeep L. Balkunde Chetan P. Malhotra countries. The goal of this study was to compare commonly used water disinfectants for their TCS Innovation Labs – TRDDC, fi 54B, Hadapsar Industrial Estate, feasibility of adoption in low-cost POU water puri ers. The potency of each candidate disinfectant Pune - 411013, was evaluated by conducting a batch disinfection study for estimating the concentration of India E-mail: [email protected] disinfectant needed to inactivate a given concentration of the bacterial strain Escherichia coli ATCC 11229. Based on the concentration of disinfectant required, the size, weight and cost of a model purifier employing that disinfectant were estimated. Model purifiers based on different disinfectants were compared and disinfectants which resulted in the most safe, compact and inexpensive purifiers were identified. Purifiers based on bromine, tincture iodine, calcium hypochlorite and sodium dichloroisocyanurate were found to be most efficient, cost effective and compact with replacement parts costing US$3.60–6.00 for every 3,000 L of water purified and are thus expected to present the most attractive value proposition to end users. Key words | disinfectant, drinking water, E. -
Silver Nanoparticle Nanocomposite Filaments Produced by an In-Situ Reduction Reactive Melt Mixing Process
biomimetics Article Three-Dimensional Printed Antimicrobial Objects of Polylactic Acid (PLA)-Silver Nanoparticle Nanocomposite Filaments Produced by an In-Situ Reduction Reactive Melt Mixing Process Nectarios Vidakis 1, Markos Petousis 1,* , Emmanouel Velidakis 1, Marco Liebscher 2 and Lazaros Tzounis 3 1 Mechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71004 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; [email protected] (N.V.); [email protected] (E.V.) 2 Institute of Construction Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, DE-01062 Dresden, Germany; [email protected] 3 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +30-2810-37-9227 Received: 14 August 2020; Accepted: 31 August 2020; Published: 2 September 2020 Abstract: In this study, an industrially scalable method is reported for the fabrication of polylactic acid (PLA)/silver nanoparticle (AgNP) nanocomposite filaments by an in-situ reduction reactive melt mixing method. The PLA/AgNP nanocomposite filaments have been produced initially + reducing silver ions (Ag ) arising from silver nitrate (AgNO3) precursor mixed in the polymer melt to elemental silver (Ag0) nanoparticles, utilizing polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), respectively, as macromolecular blend compound reducing agents. PEG and PVP were added at various concentrations, to the PLA matrix. The PLA/AgNP filaments have been used to manufacture 3D printed antimicrobial (AM) parts by Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF). The 3D printed PLA/AgNP parts exhibited significant AM properties examined by the reduction in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria viability (%) experiments at 30, 60, and 120 min duration of contact (p < 0.05; p-value (p): probability). -
Use of Immunofluorescence and Viability Stains in Quality Control1
Use of Immunofluorescence and Viability Stains in Quality Control1 M. J. CHILVER, J. HARRISON, and T. J. B. WEBB, Process Research Department, Allied Breweries Production Limited, Burton-on- Trent, Staffordshire, England DEM IBZ ABSTRACT has been the failure to differentiate live and dead cells. We have been studying the combined use of immunofluorescent and Immunofluorescence has been evaluated as a rapid quality control viability stains so that live and dead, culture and wild yeasts, can be technique for the detection of low levels of wild yeasts in culture yeast or differentiated on the same slide field. This paper details the results other brewery samples. Antisera have been prepared against antigenic groups A to F, pooled and absorbed with culture yeast. Using the indirect obtained when yeast samples are examined alternately with FITC- staining method and fluorescein isothiocyanate or rhodamine as exciting blue light wavelengths and rhodamine-exciting green light fluorochrome, levels as low as 10 wild yeasts per million cells can be detected and when incident fluorescent light is combined with transmitted in three hours. Combined immunofluorescence and viability staining allows white light to illuminate the specimen. the differentiation of live and dead, culture and wild yeast cells, on the same The potential use of fluorescein diacetate as a viability stain has slide by alternating the light sources. The preferred method uses fluorescein been established. Initial work by Rotman and Papermaster (22) isothiocyanate, excited by incident blue light, for wild yeast detection, was developed by Paton and Jones (21) and its use in brewery combined with methylene blue, viewed by transmitted light, for viability quality control has been described by Molzahn and Portno (19). -
Selling Mercury Cosmetics and Pharmaceuticals (W-Hw4-22)
www.pca.state.mn.us Selling mercury cosmetics and pharmaceuticals Mercury-containing skin lightening creams, lotions, soaps, ointments, lozenges, pharmaceuticals and antiseptics Mercury is a toxic element that was historically used in some cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and antiseptic products due to its unique properties and is now being phased out of most uses. The offer, sale, or distribution of mercury-containing products is regulated in Minnesota by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA). Anyone offering a mercury-containing product for sale or donation in Minnesota is subject to these requirements, whether a private citizen, collector, non-profit organization, or business. Offers and sales through any method are regulated, whether in a store or shop, classified advertisement, flea market, or online. If a mercury-containing product is located in Minnesota, it is regulated, regardless of where a purchaser is located. Note: This fact sheet discusses the requirements and restrictions of the MPCA. Cosmetics and pharmaceuticals may also be regulated for sale whether they contain mercury or not by other state or federal agencies, including the Minnesota Board of Pharmacy and the U.S. Food & Drug Administration. See More information on page 2. What are the risks of using mercury-containing products? Use of mercury-containing products can damage the brain, kidneys, and liver. Children and pregnant women are at increased risk. For more information about the risks of mercury exposure, visit the Minnesota Department of Health. See More information on the page 2. If you believe you have been exposed to a mercury-containing product, contact your health care provider or the Minnesota Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222. -
DAPI (4',6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindole, Dihydrochloride) for Nucleic Acid Staining
DAPI (4',6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindole, Dihydrochloride) for nucleic acid staining Catalog number: AR1176-10 Boster’s DAPI solution is a fluorescent dye with higher efficiency for immunofluorescence microscopy. This package insert must be read in its entirety before using this product. For research use only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. BOSTER BIOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGY 3942 B Valley Ave, Pleasanton, CA 94566 Phone: 888-466-3604 Fax: 925-215-2184 Email:[email protected] Web: www.bosterbio.com DAPI (4',6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindole, Dihydrochloride) for nucleic acid staining Catalog Number: AR1176-10 Product Overview Material DAPI dihydrochloride (MW = 350.3) Form Liquid Size 10 mL(100 assys) Concentration 1μg/ml 8 mM sodium phosphate, 2 mM potassium phosphate, 140 mM sodium chloride, 10 Buffer mM potassium chloride; pH 7.4. Storage Upon receipt store at -20°C, protect from light. Stability When stored as directed, product should be stable for one year. Molecular formula C16H15N5 • 2 HCL Excitation: DAPI 340nm Emission: DAPI 488nm Excitation: DAPI-DNA complexes 360nm Emission: DAPI-DNA complexes 460nm Thermofisher (Product No. 62247); Thermofisher (Product No. 62248); Millipore Equivalent Sigma (Product No. D9542) BOSTER BIOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGY 3942 B Valley Ave, Pleasanton, CA 94566 Phone: 888-466-3604 Fax: 925-215-2184 Email:[email protected] Web: www.bosterbio.com Notes: Type of DAPI Molecular formula Molecular weight Catalog Number DAPI dihydrochloride C16H15N5 • 2 HCL 350.25 AR1176-10 DAPI dilactate C16H15N5 • 2 C3H6O3 457.48 N/A Introduction DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) is a fluorescent dye which can bind DNA strands robustly, the fluorescence being detected by fluorescence microscope. -
A Screening-Based Approach to Circumvent Tumor Microenvironment
JBXXXX10.1177/1087057113501081Journal of Biomolecular ScreeningSingh et al. 501081research-article2013 Original Research Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2014, Vol 19(1) 158 –167 A Screening-Based Approach to © 2013 Society for Laboratory Automation and Screening DOI: 10.1177/1087057113501081 Circumvent Tumor Microenvironment- jbx.sagepub.com Driven Intrinsic Resistance to BCR-ABL+ Inhibitors in Ph+ Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Harpreet Singh1,2, Anang A. Shelat3, Amandeep Singh4, Nidal Boulos1, Richard T. Williams1,2*, and R. Kiplin Guy2,3 Abstract Signaling by the BCR-ABL fusion kinase drives Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Despite their clinical activity in many patients with CML, the BCR-ABL kinase inhibitors (BCR-ABL-KIs) imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib provide only transient leukemia reduction in patients with Ph+ ALL. While host-derived growth factors in the leukemia microenvironment have been invoked to explain this drug resistance, their relative contribution remains uncertain. Using genetically defined murine Ph+ ALL cells, we identified interleukin 7 (IL-7) as the dominant host factor that attenuates response to BCR-ABL-KIs. To identify potential combination drugs that could overcome this IL-7–dependent BCR-ABL-KI–resistant phenotype, we screened a small-molecule library including Food and Drug Administration–approved drugs. Among the validated hits, the well-tolerated antimalarial drug dihydroartemisinin (DHA) displayed potent activity in vitro and modest in vivo monotherapy activity against engineered murine BCR-ABL-KI–resistant Ph+ ALL. Strikingly, cotreatment with DHA and dasatinib in vivo strongly reduced primary leukemia burden and improved long-term survival in a murine model that faithfully captures the BCR-ABL-KI–resistant phenotype of human Ph+ ALL. -
Silver As a Drinking-Water Disinfectant
Silver as a drinking-water disinfectant Silver as a drinking-water disinfectant Alternative drinking-water disinfectants: silver ISBN 978-92-4-151369-2 © World Health Organization 2018 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Suggested citation. Alternative drinking-water disinfectants: bromine, iodine and silver. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data. CIP data are available at http://apps.who.int/iris. Sales, rights and licensing. To purchase WHO publications, see http://apps.who.int/bookorders. -
WO 2018/175958 Al 27 September 2018 (27.09.2018) W !P O PCT
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2018/175958 Al 27 September 2018 (27.09.2018) W !P O PCT (51) International Patent Classification: A61K 31/53 (2006 .01) A61P 35/00 (2006 .0 1) C07D 251/40 (2006.01) (21) International Application Number: PCT/US20 18/024 134 (22) International Filing Date: 23 March 2018 (23.03.2018) (25) Filing Language: English (26) Publication Language: English (30) Priority Data: 62/476,585 24 March 2017 (24.03.2017) US (71) Applicant: THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA [US/US]; 1111 Franklin Street, Twelfth Floor, Oakland, CA 94607-5200 (US). (72) Inventors: NOMURA, Daniel, K.; 4532 Devenport Av enue, Berkeley, CA 94619 (US). ANDERSON, Kimberly, E.; 8 Marchant Court, Kensington, CA 94707 (US). (74) Agent: LEE, Joohee et al; Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky And Popeo, P.C., One Financial Center, Boston, MA 021 11 (US). (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JO, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, KP, KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. -
United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 6,039,940 Perrault Et Al
US0060399.40A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 6,039,940 Perrault et al. (45) Date of Patent: Mar. 21, 2000 54) INHERENTLY ANTIMICROBIAL 5,563,056 10/1996 Swan et al.. QUATERNARY AMINE HYDROGEL WOUND 5,599.321 2/1997 Conway et al.. DRESSINGS 5,624,704 4/1997 Darouiche et al.. 5,670.557 9/1997 Dietz et al.. 75 Inventors: James J. Perrault, Vista, Calif.; 5,674.561 10/1997 Dietz et al.. Cameron G. Rouns, Pocatello, Id. 5,800,685 9/1998 Perrault. FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 73 Assignee: Ballard Medical Products, Draper, Utah 92/06694 4/1992 WIPO. WO 97/14448 4/1997 WIPO. 21 Appl. No.: 09/144,727 OTHER PUBLICATIONS 22 Filed: Sep. 1, 1998 I. I. Raad, “Vascular Catheters Impregnated with Antimi crobial Agents: Present Knowledge and Future Direction,” Related U.S. Application Data Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 18(4): 63 Continuation-in-part of application No. 08/738,651, Oct. 28, 227–229 (1997). 1996, Pat. No. 5,800,685. R. O. Darouiche, H. Safar, and I. I. Raad, “In Vitro Efficacy of Antimicrobial-Coated Bladder Catheters in Inhibiting 51) Int. Cl." .......................... A61K31/785; A61F 13/00 Bacterial Migration along Catheter Surface,” J. Infect. Dis., 52 U.S. Cl. ..................................... 424/78.06; 424/78.08; 176: 1109-12 (1997). 424/78.35; 424/78.37; 424/443; 424/445 W. Kohen and B. Jansen, “Polymer Materials for the Pre 58 Field of Search ..................................... 424/443, 445, vention of Catheter-related Infections.” Zbl Bakt., 283: 424/78.06, 78.07, 78.08, 78.35, 78.37 175-186 (1995). -
US 2006/0165744 A1 Jamil Et Al
US 2006O165744A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0165744 A1 Jamil et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jul. 27, 2006 (54) COMBINATION LIPOSOMAL Related U.S. Application Data FORMULATIONS (60) Provisional application No. 60/472.664, filed on May (75) Inventors: Haris Jamil, Libertyville, IL (US); 22, 2003. Provisional application No. 60/495,260, Imran Ahmad, Wadsworth, IL (US); filed on Aug. 13, 2003. Zafeer Ahmad, Gurnee, IL (US); Gopal Anyarambhatla, Decatur, IL Publication Classification (US) (51) Int. Cl. AOIN 25/00 (2006.01) Correspondence Address: A 6LX 9/27 (2006.01) LEYDIG VOIT & MAYER, LTD CI2N 5/88 (2006.01) TWO PRUDENTIAL PLAZA, SUITE 4900 (52) U.S. Cl. ........................... 424/405; 424/450: 435/.458 18O NORTH STETSON AVENUE CHICAGO, IL 60601-6780 (US) (57) ABSTRACT (73) Assignee: NeoPharm, Inc, Lake Forest, IL (US) The present invention provides a composition comprising a physiologically acceptable carrier and two or more agents encapsulated in a liposome, wherein the combination of the (21) Appl. No.: 10/558,159 two or more agents possess the following properties: (1) cytotoxicity to tumor cells, (2) nutritional properties, (3) use in application to nails, hair, skin or lips or (4) activity against (22) PCT Filed: May 22, 2004 parasites and insects. The invention also provides a method of making such a composition. The invention further pro vides a method of treating cancer when the combination of (86). PCT No.: PCT/USO4/16413 the two or more agents is cytotoxic to tumor cells. US 2006/01 65 744 A1 Jul. 27, 2006 COMBINATION LIPOSOMAIL FORMULATIONS more agents (e.g., drugs or other active agents) is cytotoxic to tumor cells, and a physiologically acceptable carrier.