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WO 2018/175958 Al 27 September 2018 (27.09.2018) W !P O PCT

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WO 2018/175958 Al 27 September 2018 (27.09.2018) W !P O PCT (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2018/175958 Al 27 September 2018 (27.09.2018) W !P O PCT (51) International Patent Classification: A61K 31/53 (2006 .01) A61P 35/00 (2006 .0 1) C07D 251/40 (2006.01) (21) International Application Number: PCT/US20 18/024 134 (22) International Filing Date: 23 March 2018 (23.03.2018) (25) Filing Language: English (26) Publication Language: English (30) Priority Data: 62/476,585 24 March 2017 (24.03.2017) US (71) Applicant: THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA [US/US]; 1111 Franklin Street, Twelfth Floor, Oakland, CA 94607-5200 (US). (72) Inventors: NOMURA, Daniel, K.; 4532 Devenport Av enue, Berkeley, CA 94619 (US). ANDERSON, Kimberly, E.; 8 Marchant Court, Kensington, CA 94707 (US). (74) Agent: LEE, Joohee et al; Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky And Popeo, P.C., One Financial Center, Boston, MA 021 11 (US). (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JO, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, KP, KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, SM, TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, GW, KM, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG). Published: — with international search report (Art. 21(3)) — with sequence listing part of description (Rule 5.2(a)) (54) Title: THIOREDOXIN MODULATORS AND USES THEREOF (57) Abstract: Described herein, inter alia, are compounds and methods for modulating thioredoxin. THIOREDOXIN MODULATORS AND USES THEREOF CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/476,585, filed March 24, 2017, which is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety and for all purposes. REFERENCE TO A "SEQUENCE LISTING," A TABLE, OR A COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING APPENDIX SUBMITTED AS AN ASCII FILE [0002] The Sequence Listing written in file 052103-506001WO_ST25.txt, created March 15, 2018, 1,285 bytes, machine format IBM-PC, MS Windows operating system, is hereby incorporated by reference. STATEMENT AS TO RIGHTS TO INVENTIONS MADE UNDER FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT [0003] This invention was made with government support under CA1 72667 awarded by the National Institutes of Health. The government has certain rights in the invention. BACKGROUND [0004] In the United States, it is estimated that over 200,000 women will have been diagnosed with breast cancer and nearly 40,000 women will have died of breast cancer in 2016. Studies over the past decade have uncovered certain breast cancer cell-types, such as estrogen/progesterone/HER2 receptor (ER/PR/HER2)-negative (triple-negative) breast cancers (TNBCs) that show poor prognosis and chemotherapy-resistance within breast tumors. Eliminating these breast cancer types are critical in reducing the mortality associated with breast cancer. Disclosed herein, inter alia, are solutions to these and other problems in the art. BRIEF SUMMARY [0005] In an aspect is provided a compound having the formula: (I). [0006] L is a bond, -C(O)-, -C(0)NH-, -C(0)0-, -0-, substituted or unsubstituted alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl ene, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene. R is halogen, -CX 3, -CHX^, - 1 D A B A B A B OCH2X , -OCHX , -CN, -SOniR , -SOviNR R , - HC(0 ) R R , -N(0) mi, - R R , A B D A D A A -C(0)R , -C(0)-OR , -C(0)NR R , -OR , - R S0 2R , - R C(0)R , - R C(0)0 R , - R AOR , substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl. R2 is 2 2 2 2 hydrogen, -CX , -CHX 2, -CH2X , -OCX 3, - 2 2 2 2 2A 2B 2D OCH2X , -OCHX 2, -C(0)R , -C(0)OR , -C(0)NR R , -OR , substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl. Each R A, R B , R , R D , R2A, R2B, R2 and R2D is independently hydrogen, -CX3, -CHX2, -CH2X, -COOH, -CONH2, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; R A and R B substituents bonded to the same nitrogen atom may optionally be joined to form a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; R2A and R2B substituents bonded to the same nitrogen atom may optionally be joined to form a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl. n l is an integer from 0 to 4 . m l and v l are independently an integer from 1 to 2 . X, X1, X2, X3, and X4 are independently -F, -CI, -Br, or -I. [0007] In an aspect is provided a pharmaceutical composition including a thioredoxin inhibitor and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. [0008] In an aspect is provided a pharmaceutical composition including a compound described herein, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. [0009] In an aspect is provided a method of treating cancer, the method including administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a thioredoxin inhibitor. [0010] In an aspect is provided a method of treating cancer including administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound described herein. [0011] In an aspect is provided a method of inhibiting thioredoxin activity including contacting the thioredoxin with a thioredoxin inhibitor. [0012] In an aspect is provided a method of inhibiting thioredoxin activity including contacting the thioredoxin with a compound described herein. [0013] In an aspect is provided a thioredoxin protein covalently bonded to a thioredoxin inhibitor (a thioredoxin protein-thioredoxin inhibitor complex). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0014] FIGS. 1A-1D. Screening of dichlorotriazine library in breast cancer cells. (FIG. 1A) Dichlorotriazines have been shown to have preferred reactivity with lysines. A library of 58 dichlorotriazines was synthesized. (FIG. IB) This library was screened (10 µΜ) in 23 1MFP breast cancer cells for impairments in serum-free cell survival after 48 h compared to ACN-treated controls. The top hit from this screen was KEAl-97. (FIG. 1C) KEAl-97 (10 µΜ) impairs 231MFP serum-free cell survival and proliferation after 48 h . (FIG. ID) Counterscreen of hits in MCF10A cells (10 µΜ, 48 h). Data are shown as average ± sem, n=3/group. Significance is expressed as *p<0.05 compared to control. [0015] FIGS. 2A-2D. KEAl-97 targets thioredoxin. (FIG. 2A) IsoTOP-ABPP analysis of KEAl-97 (10 µΜ) in 23 1MFP breast cancer proteomes. Shown are individual isotopically light (acetonitrile-treated) to heavy (KEAl-97-treated) probe-modified peptide ratios for peptides identified in two out of three biological replicates. Structure of KEAl-97 is also shown. (FIG. 2B) Gel-based ABPP studies showing competition of KEAl-97 against DCT- alkyne labeling (100 µΜ) of pure human TXN. Shown is a representative gel and a dose- response curve. (FIG. 2C) TXN activity assay. (D) KEAl-97 displacement of pure thioredoxin and caspase 3 interactions. Pure His-tagged TXN and caspase 3 were pre- incubated with acetonitrile or KEAl-97 (100 µΜ) prior to anti-His pulldown, SDS/PAGE, and blotting for caspase 3 . Input caspase 3 is also shown. Data in (FIGS. 2B and 2C) are shown as average ± sem, data in (FIGS. 2A-2D) is n=3/group. Significance is expressed as *p<0.05 compared to control. [0016] FIGS. 3A-3C. KEAl-97 induces apoptosis and antitumorigenic effects in 23 1MFP breast cancer cells. (FIG. 3A) Caspase 3/7 activation using a CellEvent Caspase 3/7 Green Detection Reagent. (FIG. 3B) KEAl-97 induces apoptosis in 231MFP breast cancer cells assessed by propidium iodine and FITC Annexin-V staining and quantified by flow cytometry. (FIG. 3C) KEAl-97 treatment (10 mg/kg ip once per day) was initiated 16 days after the initiation of 23 1MFP tumor xenografts in immune-deficient SCID mice. Data in (FIGS. 3A-3C) are shown as average ± sem, data is n=3/group in (FIGS. 3A and 3 B) and n=8 mice/group in (C). Significance is expressed as *p<0.05 compared to control. [0017] FIGS. 4A-4B. Screening the dichlorotriazine library in 23 1MFP cells. (FIG. 4A) Cell proliferation screen with dichlorotriazine library. 231MFP cells were treated with DMSO or dichlorotriazine covalent ligands (10 µΜ) and proliferation was assessed after 48 h .
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