DOCSLIB.ORG

A Review: Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Klebsiella Oxytoca and Biotechnology

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Review: Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Klebsiella Oxytoca and Biotechnology Copyright © 2021 University of Bucharest Rom Biotechnol Lett. 2021; 26(3): 2567-2586 Printed in Romania. All rights reserved doi: 10.25083/rbl/26.3/2567.2586 ISSN print: 1224-5984 ISSN online: 2248-3942 Received for publication, January, 9, 2021 Accepted, February, 15, 2021 Review A Review: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca and Biotechnology CATERINA TOMULESCU1,2, MIȘU MOSCOVICI1, IRINA LUPESCU1,3, ROXANA MĂDĂLINA STOICA1, ADRIAN VAMANU2 1National Institute for Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research & Development, ICCF Bucharest, Romania 2University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania 3“Spiru Haret” University, Bucharest, Romania Abstract Biotechnology, molecular biology and genetic engineering, and bioprospecting play a crucial role in our common future, enabling industrially important microorganisms to ensure sustainable products (fuels, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, food, drug delivery systems, medical devices etc.) and new bioeconomic opportunities. Biotechnological applications are able to provide cost-effective green alternatives to conventional industrial processes, which are currently affecting the nature and biodiversity. Klebsiella species are among the well-studied microbes both in medicine field, as ones of the most resilient opportunistic pathogens, and in industry, due to their promising biochemical properties, and their potential as better hosts than other microorganisms, for i.e. in genetic manipulation. Klebsiella oxytoca and Klebsiella pneumoniae are ubiquitously found in natural environments, but also as commensals in the human gut, and associated with a high-resistance to the first-line antibiotics. However, these specific strains are continuously isolated and studied for different industrial purposes (i.e. bulk chemicals and biofuels production, medical diagnosis, nanoparticles and exopolysaccharides synthesis, plant growth promoting activities, bioremediation and biodegradation agents etc.), and scientific results regarding their biotechnological potential could generate big impact for global bioeconomy development. Recently, research in synthetic biology gained a lot of attention, and new techniques highlight ways to reprogramme these microbial cells in view of high-yield or high-quality new chemicals obtainment. Therefore, some scientific research niches are emerging in biotechnology, and unknown metabolic pathways and genes are identified and further studied, to provide alternative solutions to the global challenges. Keywords Biotechnology, Klebsiella, K. oxytoca, K. pneumoniae. To cite this article: TOMULESCU C, MOSCOVICI M, LUPESCU I, STOICA RM, VAMANU A. A Review: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca and Biotechnology. Rom Biotechnol Lett. 2021; 26(3): 2567-2586. DOI: 10.25083/rbl/26.3/2567.2586 *Corresponding author: CATERINA TOMULESCU, National Institute for Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research & Development, ICCF Bucharest, Romania 112, Vitan Av., RO-031299, Bucharest 3, Romania E-mail: [email protected] CATERINA TOMULESCU et al 2012; SINGH et al, 2013; BARCELOS et al, 2018; Introduction VLADU et al, 2019). Another important area is green biotechnology, Worldwide, there is a major interest to search for mainly related to agriculture and environment, having some novel materials based on natural resources, and bio- important applications in the field, such as: genetically technology is considered a key tool for sustainable modified organisms, transgenic organisms, biopolymers of development, due to its contribution in a wide range of plant origin, seeds, and trees or their exudates, etc. Blue industrial sectors. Developing bio-based products and biotechnology is the next area worth to be mentioned, and bioprocesses which can compete in the market with those it is related to the exploration of marine resources, with derived from chemicals, represents a challenge for the 21st important applications in the pharmaceutical and energy century (OECD). Since the 80s and 90s, the interest for fields, continuously offering new products with anti- biotechnology and bioeconomy had grown, and new gene- oxidant, antimicrobial, or antitumor activities, cosmetics, ration of technologies emerged into industry. Nowadays, additives and pigments, biofuels etc. (BARCELOS et modern biotechnology, the developments in the genetics al, 2018). and molecular biology changed many perceptions and play Microbial diversity has been intensively explored for key roles in the new era of sustainable economy, delivering years, but scientific progress and the recently availability of revolutionary new products and services. A global bio- genomic data made bioprospectation a promising research based economy, with benefits for human well-being and field, in the context that Earth is a home for more than environment is eagerly desired, because at the present, 1 trillion microbial species. Therefore, discovering microbial most of the economic sectors depend on energy and materials originating from carbon sources. In this context, communities represents an advantageous opportunity for the application of biotechnology proves to successfully the sustainable development of biotechnological industries replace many unsustainable products or to provide inno- (TANNER and VILANOVA, 2017). Microorganisms are vative solutions in various fields, such as: food and feed, a valuable resource for novel compounds, bioactive natural chemicals, agriculture, environment, detergents, textiles, products, new drugs for the emerging human diseases, pulp and paper, polymers, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, and for innovative approaches of genetic engineering. etc. (SINGH et al, 2013). Considering the advances made in the last two decades, a A “Rainbow code” for biotechnology classification revitalized interest for bacterial secondary metabolites is was published in 2012, to describe the specific areas of observed, and a new market is opening for the development biotechnological focus using colors, as follows: white for in the fields of genetics, genomics, metabolic engineering, biotech industry and environmental engineering; gray bioinformatics and synthetic biology. Bioprospecting for for environment (traditional fermentations); green for microbial-based products, including the discovery of the agriculture; red for medicine and human health; blue wide diversity of microbes and describing their ecology, for aquatic resources; brown for dessert and arid lands; represent one of the key areas for the future of biotech- yellow for nutrition, and considered the oldest branch of nological applications, which looks bright (SEKUROVA biotechnology (recently, insect biotechnology for drug et al, 2019). discovery has been coded yellow); gold for bioinformatics; Bioprospecting of new isolates for antibiotics, poly- violet for law, ethical and philosophic domains; dark for saccharides and enzymes discoveries, with applications in bioterrorism and biological weapons (KAFAESKI, 2012; food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, agricultural, medical and BARCELOS et al, 2018). chemical industries, benefits from an increased worldwide Among all these fields, white biotechnology, known interest. as industrial biotechnology is considered the biggest One of the global crises is considered to be antibiotic branch, and a component of the “green chemistry”. It refers resistance among bacterial pathogens, and it highlights an to the application of bio-based products (biochemicals, urgent need to identify novel drugs (STOICA et al, 2019). biomaterials and biofuels) which can replace the petroleum- The majority of discoveries in this field were made during derived chemicals, and also to the biocatalysis processes in the ‘50s-‘70s, and with time, a skepticism from the industry. In the biotechnology, microorganisms constitute pharmaceutical companies related to natural products was a well-studied base for industrial applications, with origins observed; despite of this, scientific community proved in antiquity. Some of the most known industrial biotech- that new efficient drugs can be obtained (i.e recently, nological products which are commercially produced or bioprospecting human microbiota lead to the discovery of aimed for further development and utilization, demonstra- two new antibiotics: lugdunin, which is active against ting a scientific progress towards a modern and environ- Gram-positive strains, including Staphylococcus aureus, mentally-friendly economy, are considered the followings: and lactocillin, active against vaginal pathogenic bacteria) biodegradable polymers (biopolyesters, polylactic acid, poly- (SEKUROVA et al, 2019). There is a wide known acronym hydroxybutyric acid – PHB or polyhydroxyalcanoates – for the pathogens responsible for nosocomial infections, PHAs, which are similar to petroleum derived polymers; especially in the US, namely ESKAPE, which refers to: diols; dicarboxylic acids; amino acids; hydroxyalkanoic Enterococcus faecium, S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, acid); enzymes (amylases, lipases, proteases, cellulases, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa oxidases, beta-xylanases); food additives (flavours); sur- and Enterococcus spp. (MARCOLEFAS et al, 2019). factants; fine chemicals; biofuels, and others (KAFAESKI, To counteract the effects of their antibiotic resistance, 2568 A Review: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca and Biotechnology researchers focused on studying these pathogenic strains, was described and named K. pneumoniae by Trevisan, their multi-drug resistance, and innovative discoveries
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Final Report of the Second Research Coordination Meeting
    IAEA-314-D4.10.24-CR/2 LIMITED DISTRIBUTION WORKING MATERIAL Use of Symbiotic Bacteria to Reduce Mass-Rearing Costs and Increase Mating Success in Selected Fruit Pests in Support of SIT Application Report of the Second Research Coordination Meeting of an FAO/IAEA Coordinated Research Project, held in Bangkok, Thailand, from 6 to 10 May 2014 Reproduced by the IAEA Vienna, Austria 2014 NOTE The material in this document has been supplied by the authors and has not been edited by the IAEA. The views expressed remain the responsibility of the named authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the government(s) of the designating Member State(s). In particular, neither the IAEA not any other organization or body sponsoring this meeting can be held responsible for any material reproduced in this document. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS BACKGROUND ...................................................................................................................3 CO-ORDINATED RESEARCH PROJECT (CRP) ............................................................8 SECOND RESEARCH CO-ORDINATION MEETING (RCM) .......................................8 1 LARVAL DIETS AND RADIATION EFFECTS ..................................................... 10 BACKGROUND SITUATION ANALYSIS ................................................................................. 10 INDIVIDUAL PLANS ............................................................................................................ 13 1.1. Cost and quality of larval diet ...............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Pathogenic Significance of Klebsiella Oxytoca in Acute Respiratory Tract Infection
    Thorax 1983;38:205-208 Thorax: first published as 10.1136/thx.38.3.205 on 1 March 1983. Downloaded from Pathogenic significance of Klebsiella oxytoca in acute respiratory tract infection JOAN T POWER, MARGARET-A CALDER From the Department ofRespiratory Medicine and the Bacteriology Laboratory, City Hospital, Edinburgh ABSTRACT A retrospective study of all Klebsiella isolations from patients admitted to hospital with acute respiratory tract infections over a 27-month period was carried out. Ten of the Klebsiella isolations from sputum and one from a blood culture were identified as Klebsiella oxytoca. The clinical and radiological features of six patients are described. Four of these patients had lobar pneumonia, one bronchopneumonia, and one acute respiratory tract infection superimposed on cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. One of the patients with lobar pneumonia had a small-cell carcinoma of the bronchus. We concluded that Klebsiella oxytoca was of definite pathogenic significance in these six patients and of uncertain significance in the remaining five patients. Klebsiella oxytoca has not previously been described as a specific pathogen in the respiratory tract. Close co-operation between clinicians and microbiologists in the management of patients with respiratory infections associated with the Enterobacteriaceae is desirable. Klebsiella oxytoca has not previously been described agar plate was inoculated and incubated for 18 copyright. as a specific respiratory pathogen. Bacillus oxytoca hours. The API 20E system (Analytal Product Inc) was first isolated by Flugge from a specimen of sour was used to identify the biochemical reactions. The milk in 1886.' 2 It was not until 1963 that the organ- two biochemical reactions which differentiate Kleb- ism was accepted as a member of the genus Kleb- siella oxytoca from the Klebsiella pneumoniae organ- siella and then only with reluctance on the part of ism are its ability to liquify gelatin and its indole http://thorax.bmj.com/ some authorities.3 To define more clearly the role of positivity.
    [Show full text]
  • Adrenal Gland Hemorrhage in Patients with Fatal Bacterial Infections
    Modern Pathology (2008) 21, 1113–1120 & 2008 USCAP, Inc All rights reserved 0893-3952/08 $30.00 www.modernpathology.org Adrenal gland hemorrhage in patients with fatal bacterial infections Jeannette Guarner1, Christopher D Paddock2, Jeanine Bartlett2 and Sherif R Zaki2 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA and 2Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA A wide spectrum of adrenal gland pathology is seen during bacterial infections. Hemorrhage is particularly associated with meningococcemia, while abscesses have been described with several neonatal infections. We studied adrenal gland histopathology of 65 patients with bacterial infections documented in a variety of tissues by using immunohistochemistry. The infections diagnosed included Neisseria meningitidies, group A streptococcus, Rickettsia rickettsii, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Ehrlichia sp., Bacillus anthracis, Leptospira sp., Clostridium sp., Klebsiella sp., Legionella sp., Yersinia pestis, and Treponema pallidum. Bacteria were detected in the adrenal of 40 (61%) cases. Adrenal hemorrhage was present in 39 (60%) cases. Bacteria or bacterial antigens were observed in 31 (79%) of the cases with adrenal hemorrhage including 14 with N. meningitidis, four with R. rickettsii, four with S. pneumoniae, three with group A streptococcus, two with S. aureus, two with B. anthracis, one with T. pallidum, and one with Legionella sp. Bacterial antigens were observed in nine of 26 non-hemorrhagic adrenal glands that showed inflammatory foci (four cases), edema (two cases), congestion (two cases), or necrosis (one case). Hemorrhage is the most frequent adrenal gland pathology observed in fatal bacterial infections.
    [Show full text]
  • Microbiologically Contaminated and Over-Preserved Cosmetic Products According Rapex 2008–2014
    cosmetics Article Microbiologically Contaminated and Over-Preserved Cosmetic Products According Rapex 2008–2014 Edlira Neza * and Marisanna Centini Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +355-685-038-408 Academic Editors: Lidia Sautebin and Immacolata Caputo Received: 25 December 2015; Accepted: 25 January 2016; Published: 30 January 2016 Abstract: We investigated the Rapid Alert System (RAPEX) database from January 2008 until week 26 of 2014 to give information to consumers about microbiologically contaminated cosmetics and over-preserved cosmetic products. Chemical risk was the leading cause of the recalls (87.47%). Sixty-two cosmetic products (11.76%) were recalled because they were contaminated with pathogenic or potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequently found microorganism. Other microorganisms found were: Mesophilic aerobic microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Enterococcus spp., Enterobacter cloacae, Enterococcus faecium, Enterobacter gergoviae, Rhizobium radiobacter, Burkholderia cepacia, Serratia marcescens, Achromabacter xylosoxidans, Klebsiella oxytoca, Bacillus firmus, Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas putida, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Citrobacter freundii. Nine cosmetic products were recalled because they contained methylisothiazolinone (0.025%–0.36%), benzalkonium chloride (1%), triclosan (0.4%) in concentrations higher than the limits allowed by European Regulation 1223/2009. Fifteen products were recalled for the presence of methyldibromo glutaronitrile, a preservative banned for use in cosmetics. Thirty-two hair treatment products were recalled because they contained high concentrations of formaldehyde (0.3%–25%). Keywords: microbiologically contaminated; over-preserved cosmetics; formaldehyde; RAPEX 1. Introduction The European Commission (EC) has an early warning system for safety management called the Rapid Alert System (RAPEX).
    [Show full text]
  • Phenotypic and Biotypic Characterization of Klebsiella Oxytoca
    & Bioch ial em b ic ro a c l i T M e f c h o Journal of n l Trivedi et al., J Microb Biochem Technol 2015, 7:4 o a n l o r g u y o DOI: 10.4172/1948-5948.1000205 J ISSN: 1948-5948 Microbial & Biochemical Technology Research Article Article OpenOpen Access Access Phenotypic and Biotypic Characterization of Klebsiella oxytoca: An Impact of Biofield Treatment Mahendra Kumar Trivedi1, Shrikant Patil1, Harish Shettigar1, Khemraj Bairwa2 and Snehasis Jana2* 1Trivedi Global Inc., 10624 S Eastern Avenue Suite A-969, Henderson, NV 89052, USA 2Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Chinar Fortune City, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India Abstract Klebsiella oxytoca (K. oxytoca) is a Gram-negative microbe generally associated with community and hospital- acquired infections. Due to its clinical significance, we evaluated the effect of biofield treatment on phenotype and biotype characteristics of K. oxytoca (ATCC 43165). The study was performed into three groups i.e. C (control), T1 (treatment, revived); and T2 (treatment, lyophilized). Subsequently, groups T1 and T2 were received biofield treatment and control group was remained as untreated. The antimicrobial sensitivity results showed 3.33% and 6.67% alteration in antimicrobials susceptibility in group T1 cells on day 5 and 10, respectively, and 3.33% alteration in antimicrobials susceptibility was observed in group T2 cells on day 10 as compared to control. The sensitivity patterns of cefazolin were changed from resistant (R) to intermediate (I) on day 5, and resistance (R) to susceptible (S) on day 10, in T1 cells of K. oxytoca.
    [Show full text]
  • August 2021 Vectorborne Infectious Diseases
    1913.),Culebra Jonas( OilLie Cut, on(1880−1940) canvas, Panama 60 Canal in The x 50 Conquerors in/ 152.4 cm x 127 cm. InfectiousDiseases Vectorborne Image copyright © The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY, United States. Image source: Art Resource, New York, NY, United States. August 2021 ® Peer-Reviewed Journal Tracking and Analyzing Disease Trends Pages 2008–2250 ® EDITOR-IN-CHIEF D. Peter Drotman ASSOCIATE EDITORS EDITORIAL BOARD Charles Ben Beard, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA Barry J. Beaty, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA Ermias Belay, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Martin J. Blaser, New York, New York, USA David M. Bell, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Andrea Boggild, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Sharon Bloom, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Christopher Braden, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Richard Bradbury, Melbourne, Australia Arturo Casadevall, New York, New York, USA Corrie Brown, Athens, Georgia, USA Benjamin J. Cowling, Hong Kong, China Kenneth G. Castro, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Michel Drancourt, Marseille, France Christian Drosten, Charité Berlin, Germany Paul V. Effler, Perth, Australia Isaac Chun-Hai Fung, Statesboro, Georgia, USA Anthony Fiore, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Kathleen Gensheimer, College Park, Maryland, USA David O. Freedman, Birmingham, Alabama, USA Rachel Gorwitz, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Peter Gerner-Smidt, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Duane J. Gubler, Singapore Stephen Hadler, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Scott Halstead, Arlington, Virginia, USA Matthew J. Kuehnert, Edison, New Jersey, USA Nina Marano, Atlanta, Georgia, USA David L. Heymann, London, UK Martin I. Meltzer, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Keith Klugman, Seattle, Washington, USA David Morens, Bethesda, Maryland, USA S.K. Lam, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia J. Glenn Morris, Jr., Gainesville, Florida, USA Shawn Lockhart, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Patrice Nordmann, Fribourg, Switzerland John S.
    [Show full text]
  • A Prolonged Multispecies Outbreak of IMP-6 Carbapenemase-Producing
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN A prolonged multispecies outbreak of IMP-6 carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales due to horizontal transmission of the IncN plasmid Takuya Yamagishi1,11, Mari Matsui2,11, Tsuyoshi Sekizuka3,11, Hiroaki Ito4, Munehisa Fukusumi1,4, Tomoko Uehira5, Miyuki Tsubokura6, Yoshihiko Ogawa5, Atsushi Miyamoto7, Shoji Nakamori7, Akio Tawa8, Takahisa Yoshimura9, Hideki Yoshida9, Hidetetsu Hirokawa9, Satowa Suzuki2, Tamano Matsui1, Keigo Shibayama10, Makoto Kuroda3 & Kazunori Oishi1* A multispecies outbreak of IMP-6 carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (IMP-6-CPE) occurred at an acute care hospital in Japan. This study was conducted to understand the mechanisms of IMP-6-CPE transmission by pulsed-feld gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing and whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and identify risk factors for IMP-6-CPE acquisition in patients who underwent abdominal surgery. Between July 2013 and March 2014, 22 hospitalized patients infected or colonized with IMP-6-CPE (Escherichia coli [n = 8], Klebsiella oxytoca [n = 5], Enterobacter cloacae [n = 5], Klebsiella pneumoniae [n = 3] and Klebsiella aerogenes [n = 1]) were identifed. There were diverse PFGE profles and sequence types (STs) in most of the species except for K. oxytoca. All isolates of K. oxytoca belonged to ST29 with similar PFGE profles, suggesting their clonal transmission. Plasmid analysis by WGS revealed that all 22 isolates but one shared a ca. 50-kb IncN plasmid backbone with blaIMP-6 suggesting interspecies gene transmission, and typing of plasmids explained epidemiological links among cases. A case-control study showed pancreatoduodenectomy, changing drains in fuoroscopy room, continuous peritoneal lavage and enteric fstula were associated with IMP-6-CPE acquisition among the patients.
    [Show full text]
  • Arcobacter Butzleri</Em>
    The University of Notre Dame Australia ResearchOnline@ND Medical Papers and Journal Articles School of Medicine 2007 The complete genome sequence and analysis of the Epsilonproteobacterium Arcobacter butzleri William G. Miller Craig T. Parker Mark Rubenfield George L. Mendz University of Notre Dame Australia, [email protected] Marc MSM Wo See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/med_article Part of the Medicine and Health Sciences Commons This article was originally published as: Miller, W. G., Parker, C. T., Rubenfield, M., Mendz, G. L., o,W M. M., Ussery, D. W., Stolz, J. F., Binneweis, T. T., Hallin, P. F., Wang, G., Malek, J. A., Rogosin, A., Stanker, L. H., & Mandrell, R. E. (2007). The complete genome sequence and analysis of the Epsilonproteobacterium Arcobacter butzleri. PLoS ONE, 2 (12), e1358. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001358 This article is posted on ResearchOnline@ND at https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/med_article/1. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors William G. Miller, Craig T. Parker, Mark Rubenfield, George L. Mendz, Marc MSM Wo, David W. Ussery, John F. Stolz, Tim T. Binneweis, Peter F. Hallin, Guilin Wang, Joel A. Malek, Andrea Rogosin, Larry H. Stanker, and Robert E. Mandrell This article is available at ResearchOnline@ND: https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/med_article/1 The Complete Genome Sequence and Analysis of the Epsilonproteobacterium Arcobacter butzleri William G. Miller1*, Craig T. Parker1, Marc Rubenfield2, George L. Mendz3, Marc M. S. M. Wo¨sten4, David W. Ussery5, John F.
    [Show full text]
  • Morgellons by Mary Leitao, Who Had a Son Who’M Suffered from This Condition
    To the Lyme inquiry Panel. About three years ago I got an itchy sore that would not heal, then suddenly the sores spread over the bottom half of my legs and I also had sores on my hands and arms. I felt fatigued and had mysterious pains shooting through my nerves and bones I went to a local doctor who had no idea what was going on. To make a long story shorter I got treated for staph with antibiotics, and have had to take antibiotics for kidney and urinary tract infections three times in the past three years and once for lung infection. My partner looked at my sores with a magnifying glass and saw strange fibers in my skin, so I researched and found I had all the symptoms of what has been named morgellons by Mary Leitao, Who had a son who’m suffered from this condition. As I could not work and was very ill, I did attempt to see expensive private doctors as well as spending about $200 a fortnight on natural antibiotics, so given my research I gave up on asking for anything else from any doctor than monitoring of my blood to make sure all my vitamin and other levels were good, I do not.blame them for suggesting I am delusional, I know however how much pain I have been through and it amazes me how a delusion can manifest real sore and ulcers that will not heal. This is the description doctors see on wikipedia Morgellons From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Morgellons disease Classification and external resources Specialty Psychiatry MeSH D055535 [edit on Wikidata] Morgellons (/mɔː(ɹ)ˈdʒɛlənz/), also called Morgellons disease or Morgellons syndrome, is a condition in which people have the delusional belief that they are infested with disease-causing agents described as things like insects, parasites, hairs or fibers, while in reality no such things are present.[1] People with the condition may exhibit a range of cutaneous symptoms such as crawling, biting, and stinging sensations (formication), unusual fibers in the skin, and persistent skin lesions (e.g., rashes or sores).
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Files: Blind Trading: a Literature Review of Research Addressing the Welfare of Ball Pythons in the Exotic Pet Trade
    Supplementary Files: Blind Trading: A Literature Review of Research Addressing the Welfare of Ball Pythons in the Exotic Pet Trade Jennah Green 1,*, Emma Coulthard 2, David Megson 2, John Norrey 2, Laura Norrey 2, Jennifer K Rowntree 2, Jodie Bates 2, Becky Dharmpaul 1, Mark Auliya 3,4 and Neil D’Cruze 1,5 This document is intended as support material for the manuscript ‘Blind trading: A literature review of research addressing the welfare of Ball pythons in the exotic pet trade’. We have provided definitions for each of the terms described in the appendices of the manuscript. Terms are divided into behaviour, health and pathogens (bacteria, parasite, protozoa and virus). Terms are exact terms used in the literature. All definitions were sourced from Merriam-Webster Medical dictionary, available at: https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical. Table S1. Definition of terms (behaviour). Behaviour Definition Abnormal posture Not given anorexia Loss of appetite especially when prolonged A usually transient state of confusion especially as to time, place, or identity Disorientation often as a result of disease or drugs Tremors: a trembling or shaking usually from physical weakness, emotional Head tremors stress, or disease Lack of coordination especially of muscular movements resulting from loss Incoordination of voluntary control Abnormal drowsiness or the quality or state of being lazy, sluggish, or Lethargy indifferent Open-mouthed Not given breathing An act of regurgitating such as a: the casting up of incompletely digested food (as by some birds in feeding Regurgitation their young) b : the backward flow of blood through a defective heart valve Stargazing The quality or state of being absentminded Table S2.
    [Show full text]
  • Preterm Infants Harbour Diverse Klebsiella Populations, Including Atypical Species That Encode
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/761924; this version posted September 16, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Preterm infants harbour diverse Klebsiella populations, including atypical species that encode 2 and produce an array of antimicrobial resistance- and virulence-associated factors 3 4 Yuhao Chen1*, Thomas C. Brook2*, Cho Zin Soe3, Ian O’Neill3, Cristina Alcon-Giner3, Onnicha 5 Leelastwattanagul4, Sarah Phillips3, Shabhonam Caim3, Paul Clarke5,6, Lindsay J. Hall3†, Lesley 6 Hoyles1,7† 7 8 1Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United 9 Kingdom 10 2Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, 11 London, United Kingdom 12 3Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United 13 Kingdom 14 4Bioinformatics & Systems Biology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology, King 15 Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (Bang Khun Thian Campus), Bangkok, Thailand 16 5Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 17 Norwich, United Kingdom 18 6Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom 19 7Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, 20 Nottingham,
    [Show full text]
  • Occurrence and Determinants of Klebsiella Species Bloodstream Infection in the Western Interior of British Columbia, Canada
    Occurrence and determinants of Klebsiella species bloodstream infection in the western interior of British Columbia, Canada Connor B. Reid Royal Inland Hospital Lisa Steele Royal Inland Hospital Kelsey Pasquill Royal Inland Hospital Elizabeth C. Partt Royal Inland Hospital Kevin Laupland ( [email protected] ) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1205-5354 Research article Keywords: bacteremia; mortality; incidence; risk factor; epidemiology Posted Date: September 8th, 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.14157/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published on December 19th, 2019. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4706-8. Page 1/14 Abstract BACKGROUND Klebsiella species are among the most common causes of bloodstream infection (BSI). However, few studies have evaluated their epidemiology in non-selected populations. The objective was to dene the incidence of, risk factors for, and outcomes from Klebsiella species BSI among residents of the western interior of British Columbia, Canada. METHODS Population-based surveillance was conducted between April 1, 2010 and March 31, 2017. RESULTS 151 episodes were identied for an incidence of 12.1 per 100,000 per year; the incidences of K. pneumoniae and K. oxytoca were 9.1 and 2.9 per 100,000 per year, respectively. Overall 24 (16%) were hospital-onset, 90 (60%) were healthcare-associated, and 37 (25%) were community-associated. The median patient age was 71.4 (interquartile range, 58.8-80.9) years and 88 (58%) cases were males.
    [Show full text]