STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 2005 -2020 PROVINCE OF

Provincial Government of Batangas / PG-Environment and Natural Resources Office (PG-ENRO) GEF/UNDP/IMO Regional Programme on Building Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA) World Wildlife Fund- (WWF-Phils.) Conservation International-Philippines (CI-Phils.)

page Table of Contents ii Preface iii PDC Resolution No. 8-2005, Endorsing the 2005-2020 Strategic iv Environmental Management Plan of the Province of Batangas SP Resolution No. 12-2007, Approving 2005-2020 Strategic vi Environmental Management Plan of the Province of Batangas List of Figures, Boxes and Annexes ix List of Acronyms and Abbreviations x Acknowledgments xii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY xiii

Chapter

1 INTRODUCTION Geographical Scope of the Bay Regions 1 State of Environment and Resource Management 3 in the Bay Regions International Agreements and National Programs 4 Local Initiative, Trends and Implications 5 The Strategic Environmental Management Plan 7

2 IDENTIFICATION AND PRIORITIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND PROBLEMS Identification and Classification of Issues and Problems 11 Waste Generation and Management 12 Prioritization of Issues Using Risk Ranking 20

3 STRATEGIES AND ACTION PROGRAMS Vision 24 Mission 24 Goal 24 Objectives 24 Action Programs 25 Structure of the Plan 28 Action Program Strategies 29 Institutional Development And Integrated Planning Systems 29 Waste Management 32 Habitat Restoration and Management 36 Water Resources Protection and Management 39 Fisheries Protection and Management 42

4 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS AND SCHEDULE Relationship with Other Plans 44 Organization and Management Arrangements 45 Implementation Schedule 48 Monitoring and Evaluation 50 Revision and Implementation Improvement of the Plan 52

5 FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS 53

ANNEXES 67 96 REFERENCES

PREFACE

The Strategic Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) 2005-2020 for the Province of Batangas evolved from the extensive consultations with the local government units, national government agencies, private sector, non-government organizations, people’s organizations and the community. It is a comprehensive and integrated set of strategies and action plans aimed to continually improve the lives of Batangueños through environmental protection and increase the province’s contribution to the national economy through the effective management, development and judicious utilization of its province’s natural resources. This SEMP takes on the solid foundation gained over the years starting 1996 based on the framework and experiences generated by the implementation of Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) Program initially demonstrated in the Region with assistance of the Regional Programme on Marine Pollution Prevention in the East Asian Seas. Overtime, there was a need to expand its scope to address new issues/problems and challenges, explore new development opportunities and further strengthen management skills, interagency and multisectoral cooperation and integration of development and environmental protection in the whole province including the regions abutting and Bays. The SEMP also takes cognizance of , but focuses strategies in consideration basically of the provisions of the Local Government Code for which implementation of the other legal mandates of the province on environmental management are anchored.

Though Batangas is an agro-industrial province, it became imperative that aside from environmental protection, conservation will be a major part of its development in view of its vast natural resources and high level of biodiversity. Batangueños expressed the same concern for their environment during the consultations on the formulation of the plan and in the process, gained understanding and consensus that development and environmental protection and natural resources conservation can exist hand in hand and thus were established as the twin objectives of SEMP.

The people, the economy and the environment, are therefore well-ingrained in the plan for achieving sustainable development.

EVELYN L. ESTIGOY PG-ENR Officer

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Figure

1 Map of Batangas Province 1 2 Proposed Three-tiered Multi-sectoral Organizational Structure 47 of the Batangas Environmental Protection Council

Box

1 Waste Generation and Disposal in Batangas Province 13 2 Incidents of Spillages and Emissions from Industries 14 along Batangas and Balayan Bays 3 Environmental-related Issues and Problems 19 in the Bay Regions of Batangas Province 4 Risk-ranking of Problems and Issues in the Bay Regions 22 of Batangas Province 5 Implementation Summary Matrix 55

Annex

1 International Agreements and National Laws 67 2a Summary of the Strategic Environmental Management Plan 70 of the Batangas Bay Region 2b Summary of the ICM Plan of the Balayan and Adjacent 74 Bays Region 3 Proposed Ordinance Strengthening The Institutional Mechanisms for 76 Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) in Batangas and Amending Provincial Ordinance 96-01 4 Ex-post Evaluation Performance Indicators 91 5 Annual Budget Allocation 94

BABR Balayan and Adjacent bays Region BAB-ICMB Balayan and Adjacent Bays Integrated Coastal Management Board BB-ICMB Batangas Bay Integrated Coastal Management Board BBR Batangas Bay Region BCRMF Batangas Coastal Resources Management Foundation, Inc. BEPC Batangas Environmental Protection Council BFAR Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources BOT Build-Operate-Transfer BBREPC Batangas Bay Region Environmental Protection Council CPLUP Comprehensive Provincial Land Use Plan DENR- Community Environment and Natural Resource Office of the CENRO Department of Environment and Natural Resources DENR- Provincial Environment and Natural Resource Office of the PENRO Department of Environment and Natural Resources DTI Department of Trade and Industry GIS Geographic Information Systems ICEC Information, Communication, Education and Capacity-Building ICM Integrated Coastal Management ICMC Integrated Coastal Management Council IIMS Integrated Information Management System LGU Local Government Unit MAO Municipal Agriculture Office MARINA Maritime Industry Authority MBI Market-Based Instruments MENRO Municipal Environment and Natural Resource Office MLC Municipal Legislative Office MPDC Municipal Planning and Development Office MTO Municipal Tourism Office NGO Non-Government Organization NIPAS National Integrated Protected Areas Act Systems PAO Provincial Agriculture Office PCG Philippine Coast Guard PDP Provincial Development Plan PEMSEA Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia

PG-ENRO Provincial Government - Environment and Natural Resource Office PLC Provincial Legislative Council PMA Pollution Management Appraisal PPA Philippine Ports Authority PPFP Provincial Physical Framework Plan PPDO Provincial Planning and Development Office PTO Provincial Tourism Office RA 8550 Republic Act 8550 otherwise known as the Fisheries Code of the Philippines RA 9003 Republic Act 9003 otherwise known as the Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Act of the Philippines TAB-ICMB Tayabas and Adjacent Bays Integrated Coastal Management Board TEG Technical Experts Group TWG Technical Working Group SEMP-BBR Strategic Environmental Management Plan of the Batangas Bay Region WWF-Phils World Wide Fund - Philippines

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The preparation of this Strategic Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) for the Batangas Province was coordinated by the Provincial Government of Batangas. The inputs and support which have been very significant in the completion of this particular effort, from the stakeholders of the Batangas Bay Region, Batangas Bay Region Environmental Protection Council, Balayan and Adjacent Bays in Peninsula Region, Tayabas and Adjacent Bays Region and the Provincial Government of Batangas, especially Engr. Evelyn L. Estigoy, Head of the Provincial Government- Environment and Natural Resources Office, other relevant provincial government offices, and all 22 municipal/city Local Government Units Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Offices; Municipal Planning and Development Coordinators and Municipal Agriculture Offices; Non-Government Offices; Peoples Organizations and National Government Agencies is acknowledged.

Major technical and financial support was provided by the Global Environment Facility/United Nations Development Programme/Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia, particularly the following: Dr. Chua Thia-Eng, PEMSEA Regional Programme Director; Mr. S. Adrian Ross, Senior Programme Officer and Ms. Bresilda M. Gervacio, PEMSEA Site Officer are likewise recognized.

Geographical Scope of the Bay Regions

The Province of Batangas is located along the southwestern edge of the island of in the Philippines. It is part of the Southern Tagalog Region and is bordered by the provinces of in the north and and in the east. The province has a land area of approximately 3,165.81 square kilometers (sq km) and consists of 31 municipalities and three cities. There are three major bays in the province, namely Batangas Bay, Balayan and Adjacent Bays, and Tayabas and Adjacent Bays.

Batangas Bay forms a semi-enclosed body of water, with an average depth of about 55 meters and a total area of about 220 sq. km. The management area of Batangas Bay called the Batangas Bay Region (BBR) has a total land area of 1,461 sq. km, and a coastline measuring 92 km. Within this region lie 14 coastal and inland cities and municipalities. and the municipalities of San Pascual and parts of Lobo together with , Mabini and comprise the coastline of Batangas Bay Region. The inland city/municipalities include Lipa, San Jose, , Cuenca, , , Rosario and .

The Balayan and Adjacent Bays (BAB) consists of , Bay, Talin Bay and Pagapas Bay. The Balayan and Adjacent Bays Region (BABR), comprising of 12 municipalities has a total land area of 1,089 sq km, and a coastline of around 300 kms. The municipalities of Nasugbu, Lian, Calatagan, Calaca, Balayan Lemery, Taal, San Luis, parts of Tingloy, and parts of Bauan and Mabini and Tuy. Taal Lake is a freshwater body linked to Balayan Bay by and is considered a major water body in the province.

Tayabas and Adjacent Bays (TAB) are shared by the provinces of Batangas and Quezon. Sigayan Bay and Coloconto Bay are minor enclaves within Tayabas Bay. The Tayabas and Adjacent Bays Region (TABR), comprises the coastal municipality of San Juan and parts of Lobo and the inland municipalities of Rosario and Padre Garcia and the City of Lipa. The total land area of TABR is 958.65 sq km., while its coastline is around 100 kms.

State of Environment and Resource Management in the Bay Regions

In totality, the three bay regions are essentially agricultural. Built-up areas such as human settlements are increasing especially in the coastal area. An increasing endeavor is the commercial raising of livestock, making the province, especially the Batangas Bay Region, a primary supplier of poultry and meat products in Southern Tagalog and Metro .

Owing to its comparative advantage and accessibility to Metro Manila and to other Southern Tagalog producer-provinces, Batangas is becoming a major industrial and commercial province in the country. From 1998 to 2002, industrial and commercial establishments in the three bay regions increased by 36%. The coastline of Batangas Bay is continuously serving the industrial, residential, commercial, and transportation needs of various sectors. While some industries are cropping up in the BABR, its coastline is still generally being utilized for residential, commercial, transportation, and recreational purposes while the coastline of Tayabas Bay basically provides the venue for residential and recreational activities.

Port development especially in Batangas Bay has taken significant development which led to more intensified navigation and port-related activities. The first of the four phases of port development has been completed in 1998 while the second phase had started in 1999. From 1998 to 2002, shipping activities intensified as shown by increases in shipping traffic, cargo traffic and passenger traffic.

The extensive use of resources in the bay regions extends to the marine territory. Fish production in Batangas province increased by 24% from 1999 to 2002, however fish production sufficiency analysis revealed that production still has fallen short of per capita consumption. In general, catch per unit effort has been declining in the three bay regions, especially in Batangas Bay Region. A recent length-frequency survey, reveals that some fish species are under threat of being overfished in Balayan and Adjacent Bays.

The Balayan and its Adjacent Bays and Tayabas Bay are biodiversity refuge compared to Batangas Bay. San Juan along Tayabas Bay has 496 hectares of mangroves and swamp areas, of which over 100 hectares are intact, the largest in all of Batangas Province. In BAB, there are at least 319 coral species, of which eight are considered rare. Independent surveys revealed that the coral reefs in the southern part of Balayan Bay have generally improved and 25 coral species found in the area are new additions to the Philippines. Taal Lake is a declared protected area and is also a major tourist destination.

International agreements, National Laws and Local Initiatives

Local initiatives to protect the environment in Batangas find support from various international conventions where the Philippines is a signatory and from national laws and programs relevant to the environmental management of the province’s bay regions. During the mid 90’s there were two important planning documents that paved the way for rapid industrialization of the province of Batangas, the 1995-2000 Comprehensive Provincial Land Use Plan (CPLUP), also known as the Provincial Physical Framework Plan (PPFP), and the Provincial Development Plan (PDP), 1999-2001. These plans principally focus on heavy physical infrastructure. Notably, the targets set by these plans, especially agro-industrialization, have been mostly achieved and are felt today, more importantly in the Batangas Bay Region, with the effects radiating to the neighboring bay regions.

Both the Provincial Development Plan (PDP) and the Provincial Physical Framework Plan (PPFP) are now being updated. In this regard, it is very timely that the conservation of the bays in the province and the integrated approach in developing the bay regions can be put forward among provincial planners and policy makers. The PPFP is focused mainly on the terrestrial aspects of the Province’s development. This SEMP could augment the physical framework plan by integrating the coastal/marine concerns into the terrestrial-based activities of the province.

In 1996, the Provincial Government formulated a 25-year Strategic Environmental Management Plan for the Batangas Bay Region (SEMP-BBR). It envisages the Batangas Bay Region as models for the achievement of economic growth while simultaneously guaranteeing environmental integrity. Replicating this effort, an Integrated Coastal Management Plan for Balayan and Adjacent Bays was developed and approved in 2004. However, as rapid growth and development continue to occur in Batangas, more environmental issues and new challenges have to be addressed. While the social capital favoring conservation in Batangas is evidently present, the challenge of integration and coordination remains. The institutional framework to make integration work in an ecosystem-wide management framework and setting has so far eluded ICM practitioners. Initial work has been done to build constituencies and pooling together limited resources, from state actors to the private sector and civil society. Much work still remains to be done to achieve effective integration in the management of coastal and marine resources.

Identification and Classification of Issues and Problems

The three bay regions are facing countless environmental problems and issues that are complicated but are very much interrelated. The SEMP of the Batangas Bay Region and the ICM Plan of the Balayan and Adjacent Bays Region and some relevant studies on the Tayabas Bay Region provided data and information to the identification of these issues and problems. The current environmental issues are identified with a view to establish a framework for specific actions to address the environmental problems in

Batangas. The issues and problems initially culled from various reports and existing planning documents were later verified, validated, refined, and classified through several planning and consultation workshops and round-table discussions attended by representatives of stakeholders. The issues were analyzed in terms of the problems and causes and were categorized into five major areas of concerns: waste generation and disposal activities, fishery resources, biodiversity and habitat, underground water, and sustainability through institutionalization and community participation.

Waste generation and management . Solid wastes, industrial and agricultural wastes and ship and port wastes compromise the integrity of surface and marine waters, if they are not managed adequately. The solid waste issue is analyzed in terms of accumulation and inadequacy of waste disposal facilities. Although there are efforts to promote recycling and reuse of wastes, the lack of incentives discouraged the interest and enthusiasm on these waste minimization efforts. Indiscriminate dumping of wastes is commonly observed in many areas due to weak implementation of penalties for this act. The open and unsanitary dumpsites aggravate the problem of accumulation. Very few controlled disposal facilities exist in the province. The weak technical and financial capability of local governments to support comprehensive waste management as required in RA 9003 is seen as a significant factor, among others, affecting solid waste generation, accumulation, and disposal.

The disposal of untreated industrial and agricultural wastes in tributaries and coastal marine waters is caused by inadequate treatment facilities in both groups of industries. Waste water treatment facilities are poorly functioning, have inadequate capacity or are simply non-existent. Likewise, the weak implementation of regulations on industrial waste by enforcement agencies, encourage polluters to be less vigilant in their waste generation and disposal activities. Oil spills and discharges from industries are also seen to create risks given the petrochemical and energy industries along Batangas Bay and Balayan Bay.

Shipping activities and expansion of port facilities have generated ship and port-related wastes that eventually are dumped in the bay waters. This is more intensely felt in Batangas Bay and the related problems are ship collision and oil spill due to increasing vehicle traffic. Illegal discharge of wastes from shipping vessels has also been observed and the port authorities of Batangas noted that the inadequate collection and disposal system of the port cannot cope with the demand of the increasing vessel and passenger traffic.

Results of water quality monitoring done for Batangas Bay, shows that pollution status in terms of oil and grease content has worsened significantly. Fortunately however, water quality has not deteriorated significantly in terms of dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrates and phosphates.

Fishery resources.... This issue is analyzed in terms of declining fish catch and decreasing effective area of fishing. The decline in fish catch arises from population pressure and increasing fish efforts and the use of illegal fishing

methods. The decline in effective area for fishing is attributed to the multiple uses of the bays, encroachment by commercial fishers, and the conduct of reclamation projects. The issue on the use of destructive fishing methods is still rampant and an obvious violation of RA 8550.

Biodiversity and habitat . The destruction of shoreline, mangroves, and other ecological habitats are due to the pressures exerted by the community on these habitats as well as abuse of foreshore lease agreements. Illegal titling of shorelines is also observed which limits access to this resource.

Underground water . The industrial path taken by the province has led to the fast extraction of underground water for household, commercial, and industrial uses. There is a growing concern that the current extraction rates, especially in Batangas Bay Region, are relatively faster than optimal. Most of the wells had been abandoned due to lowered piezometric levels and/or reduced well capacity. The existing withdrawal from wells has caused considerable depletion of groundwater resources, so that current drilling projects reach depths of up to 240 meters.

Community participation . This is a cross-cutting concern emphasizing that the process of involving the community and building a constructive partnership with them in the implementation of ICM has been slow. Despite the increasing number of participatory initiatives in Batangas, most of these are still only “islands of successes”. Weak community participation can be explained by a set of causal factors and this constitutes the nexus of inadequate education and awareness, weak functional organization of communities that hinders sustained and effective participation, fragmented information base, limited representation and coordination in the formulation and enforcement of plans, policies, and programs, and weak enforcement capabilities that allows non-compliance to environmental laws and regulations.

Prioritization of Issues Using Risk Ranking

A comparative risk approach was taken which evaluates the environmental issues on the basis of the risks and their impacts on human health, the ecosystem and the socio-economic life of the people. This approach ensures allocation of scarce resources effectively while expanding a dialogue among stakeholders. Risk ranking in this particular planning process required the development of categorical rankings of risks to (1) human health, i.e. as they may cause mortality and morbidity, (2) ecosystems, i.e. as they may affect biodiversity and integrity of habitats, and (3) socio-economic conditions of stakeholders, i.e. as they affect livelihood, food security, and/or cause poverty. The risk ranking provides a basis for prioritizing action programs that correspond to these problem/opportunity areas. A problem or issue is ranked “1” if the risk is evident or likely to affect all three - human health, ecosystems, and socio- economic conditions of the stakeholders. Otherwise, the problem or issue is ranked “0”.

Results of the comparative risk ranking showed that among the problems associated with the issue of waste generation and disposal, the accumulation of solid wastes, inadequate solid waste disposal facilities and the disposal of untreated industrial and agricultural wastes are of high priority given a categorical ranking of 1. Oil spill and ship collision and illegal waste discharge of ships are considered important, however, ranking was 0 in view of the spatial extent of their effects which are more localized than general. Action programs directed to address issues on fishery resources should focus on the declining fish harvest as the priority problem, given a rank of 1. Destruction of shoreline and mangroves was also ranked 1 and was considered as the more significant problem in the issue of biodiversity and habitat. Likewise, the depletion of underground water was considered of priority and was given a rank of 1. Community participation was considered a highly significant issue with both the problem of insufficient and ineffective participation and weak enforcement capabilities getting a rank of 1.

Vision, Mission, Goals and Objectives

Vision: Batangas is a socially and economically developed community of responsible citizenry committed and empowered to be good stewards of our environment and natural resources.

Mission : To mobilize partnerships and strengthen capability among the local government units, national government agencies, private sectors, non-government organizations, volunteer groups, social/civic organizations and coastal community and residents for sustained integrated coastal management.

Goal : To achieve a healthy and acceptable balance between the overall economic development and the conservation of resources and protection of the environment through sustainable application of integrated coastal management efforts.

Objectives :

1. To strengthen multi-stakeholder participation by establishing institutional mechanisms that will encourage mobilization and capacity building of communities, organizations, and agencies in the sustainable integrated management of the province’s bay-regions.

2. To improve management of municipal solid wastes and industrial and agricultural wastes, thereby minimizing their pollution impacts on the bays and other water bodies in the province,

3. To restore and manage the province’s terrestrial, coastal marine and freshwater habitat and ecosystems and conserve its biodiversity for the benefit of the present as well as the future population of Batangas.

4. To protect and manage ground and surface water resources of the province’s bay-regions,

5. To protect the fishery resources of the province that will ensure food security

Strategies and Action Programs 1. Institutional Development and Integrated Planning Systems

A three-tiered multi-stakeholder institutional mechanism is established that will supervise, coordinate, and mobilize participation and capacity-building among communities, organizations, and agencies, to ensure collective, responsive and pro-active actions towards sustainable environmental management of the province’s bay-regions. Integrated planning systems and policy directions will be enhanced at the provincial, bay-region, and municipal level, while capacity building and information sharing will be undertaken and intensified. The land and water use plans of the municipalities will be harmonized at all levels. An environmental code will be formulated and the concerned institutions, i.e. councils/boards and participating communities, organizations and agencies, will undergo capacity-building in order for them to responsibly address critical environmental issues and resolve possible resource use conflicts. It is expected that the three-tiered multi-stakeholder institutions to be established will be responsible in supervising the implementation of the various action programs pursuant to and as aligned with this SEMP. Sustainable financing mechanisms (i.e. payment for environmental services, establishment of trust funds, private-private partnerships, polluters’ pay, etc.) will likewise be initiated to ensure a stable source of funding for all these SEMP-related activities, and thus attain sustainability.

2. Waste Management (Solid Wastes and Industrial and Agricultural Wastes)

The action program on Municipal Solid Waste Management will complement the initiatives of the Provincial Solid Waste Management Board and that of the respective City/Municipal Solid Waste Management Boards, pursuant to RA 9003 or the Solid Waste Management Act. Information, communication, education and capacity-building activities (ICEC) will be intensified to mobilize the municipality, , community, households and other sectors to minimize wastes, do segregation and recycling, and ensure proper disposal of wastes. Material recovery facilities (MRFs) will be developed at the community, barangay and municipal levels and their sustainable operation will be ensured with the collection of garbage fees and promotion of income generation from recycling. The establishment of sanitary landfills or controlled dumpsites will be

carried out by the LGUs with adequate and intensive consultations with the community in terms of identification of location of dumpsite, prospecting potential private sector partners who could provide technical and financial complements to LGU capability and resources, formulation of an implementation plan and development of the sanitary landfill project.

The action program on Industrial and Agricultural Waste Management highlights the strengthening of community and LGU participation in the EIA system. Likewise, the program will build on the initiatives of BICMF such as the vigorous pursuance of the voluntary agreements and pollution management appraisals and audits. The existing multi-agency pollution monitoring team will be revived and strengthened; capacity will be developed among its members to effectively monitor mitigating measures by industries. The services of the Batangas Environment Laboratory will be maximized in conducting water quality monitoring and evaluation surveys in the three bays and among pollution point sources. A quick response system will mobilize the participation of industries, academe, local governments, civil society and media in promptly responding and undertaking mitigating measures to pollution related events such as oil spills. The establishment of environmental guarantee fund from industries and development projects will be pursued to ensure sufficient funds for rehabilitation and recovery of areas damaged by industrial and commercial activities.

3. Habitat Restoration and Management

This action program will ensure rehabilitation, protection, and management of the ecologically important habitat and ecosystems of the three bay-regions in the province, i.e. forests, mangroves, wetlands, estuarine, rivers, seagrass beds, and coral reefs, towards protecting biodiversity. A network of protected and/or conservation areas among these life-support systems will be established, which will be managed principally by the communities and stakeholders themselves. This will be preceded and/or complemented with sound scientific researches, establishment of databases and IEC campaigns. Rehabilitation and restoration of critical areas, i.e. rivers (especially Pansipit and Calumpang Rivers), mangroves, and degraded lands, will be initiated, including the establishment and/or designation of green belts/buffer areas and urban waterfront reserves.

4. Water Resources Protection and Management

The ground and surface water resources of the province’s bay-regions will be protected and managed. Concerned stakeholders will be mobilized through information, capacity building and education programs, to help protect, rehabilitate and manage critical watersheds, and rationalize the use of water through regulation and market based instruments. Reforestation, establishment of urban farms and gardens, tapping of substitute water sources aside from ground and surface (i.e. rainwater) for industrial uses, and similar initiatives will be promoted.

5. Fisheries Protection and Management

The ultimate aim of this action program is to contribute to the province’s food security by ensuring sustainable stock of marine and freshwater fish species. Illegal and destructive forms of fishing will be adequately addressed by mobilizing communities and public support in marine law enforcement. Scientific investigations on the status of fisheries will be undertaken to facilitate an informed policy decision- making process relative to protection as well as utilization of these resources, pursuant to RA 8550 or the Fisheries Code of 1998. Coastal marine-based and freshwater-based enterprises and livelihood and eco-tourism development will likewise be promoted.

Implementation Arrangements and Schedule

Relationship with Other Plans . This Strategic Environmental Management Plan directly supports the Philippine Agenda 21 and the Philippine National Development Plan by adopting and utilizing an ecosystem, community-centered and multi-sectoral approach in the management of natural resources. At the provincial level, it is envisioned that this SEMP will be integrated into the Provincial Physical Framework Plan and the Provincial Development Plan, both of which are currently being updated. The SEMP will be directly interacting with the 25-year Strategic Environmental Management Plan for the Batangas Bay Region (SEMP-BBR) formulated in 1996 and the 20-year Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) Plan of the Balayan and Adjacent Bays Region adopted and endorsed by the Provincial Development Council in 2004.

It is expected that this SEMP, while complementing the Provincial Development Plan and the Provincial Physical Framework Plan, will provide the overall framework in the sustainable management of the three bay regions in the province, under the supervision of the Batangas Environmental Protection Council. The bay region-specific environmental management and/or integrated coastal management plans to be implemented and/or currently implemented by the concerned agencies and institutions under the supervision and management of their respective bay region boards, will complement and/or be aligned with this SEMP. This SEMP is designed as well to fill-up gaps that were later on realized after the formulation of the respective bay region- specific environmental management or ICM plans. Further, this SEMP will also guide the formulation of future related plans in any of the bay regions.

Organization and Management Arrangements . The implementation of this SEMP will be guided by the principles of multi-sectoral and participatory management. Partnerships will be pursued, while at the same time the capacity and capability of stakeholders are being strengthened so that the stakeholders are able to contribute significantly to the implementation of this SEMP.

Through an ordinance, an apex multi-sectoral body called the BEPC will be organized at the provincial level, headed by the Provincial Governor, and composed of the chairs of the three bay regions and representatives from relevant stakeholders. The BEPC will be presided by the Governor while the PG-ENRO will provide the secretariat support. The BEPC will also facilitate information sharing among the three bay regions. A Technical Experts Group, chaired by the head of the Secretariat, and composed of relevant government and non-government agencies and organizations will be organized to provide technical support to the BEPC. The agency-members of the TEG will directly and jointly implement the action strategies and/or programs and projects of this SEMP.

Through the same provincial ordinance, a Balayan and Adjacent Bays ICM Board (BAB-ICMB) and a Tayabas and Adjacent Bays ICM Board (TAB-ICMB) will be created, while the existing Batangas Bay Region Environmental Protection Council (BBREPC) will be converted into a Batangas Bay ICM Board (BB-ICMB). The bay region ICM Boards will be composed of the city/municipal mayors of the cities and municipalities covered by the bay region, as well representatives of the various stakeholders in the bay regions. Each ICM Board will be chaired by one of the mayors, elected by the members for a term of one year. The provincial government office responsible for the dominant sector in the bay region will provide the secretariat as well as technical and administrative support to the bay-wide ICM Boards. The ICM Boards will provide inter- municipal, and multi-sectoral policy direction, coordination and integration in accordance with their environmental management or ICM plan. Each bay region board will be supported by a Technical Working Group, composed of relevant government and non- government agencies and organizations operating in the specific bay region.

At the city/municipal level, an ICM Council (ICMC) will be created and will be chaired by the concerned City/Municipal Mayor. The City/Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Officers (C/MENROs), or the City/Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator (C/MPDC) will provide the secretariat support. The ICM Council, to be composed of as many, but manageable number of representatives from various stakeholders, will be responsible in ensuring implementation of ICM initiatives at the municipal level.

The Provincial Government of Batangas, through the Batangas Environmental Protection Council (BEPC) and the bay region boards, the concerned city/municipal local government units, national and provincial government agencies, as well as the organized civil society, private business, academe, and people’s organizations, will be the main executing units of this SEMP. The Local Chief Executives together with their respective environmental management offices, planning offices, agricultural offices and the , especially the chairmen on environment, will play major roles in spearheading the various area-specific programs, projects, and activities.

Implementation Schedule.... The implementation of this SEMP covers a 15-year period from 2005 to 2020. The first year is focused on organizing multi- stakeholder participation in plan implementation, establishing baselines information and management systems, detailed design of programs and projects, and initial implementation of some programs and projects. The next five to fifteen years shall build on what have been put in place during the first year. The activities shall include

full implementation by various stakeholders of the programs and projects designed during the first phase, activating and strengthening the information and management systems, and continuous policy development and implementation oversight by the three-tier management bodies.

Monitoring and Evaluation.... The monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of the SEMP implementation will be the main responsibility of the Secretariat of the Councils/Boards. A detailed plan implementation monitoring and evaluation system will be formulated during the inception stage and will establish specific measurable environmental management indicators reflective of the distinct characteristics of the action programs’ strategic activities. A preliminary list of the expected outputs or success indicators is provided, most of which are quantitative and output-biased but they allow for on-going learning, correction and adjustment. Other indicators require the generation of documents, plans and proceedings as proof of activities undertaken and their corresponding results and output. The M&E system will provide reporting formats, including the frequency of its generation and submission to appropriate entities; establish and maintain data base and information feedback system for effective integrated management of the area’s coastal marine and terrestrial resources.

Aside from the regular conduct of monitoring and evaluation, midterm and ex- post evaluation will be conducted. The midterm evaluation will review the activities, evaluate their results, assess their impacts and make recommendations on measures for improvement and extension of demonstrable experience. The ex-post evaluation will look into the outcomes or impact of SEMP implementation in both environmental and the socio-economic conditions in the area, as well as the performance of the different multi- stakeholder arrangements, and the effectiveness and sustainability of the SEMP implementation strategies, approaches, processes and techniques. Indicators for the midterm and ex-post evaluation can be categorized into five major categories – state, pressure, process, sustainability and impact indicators.

Revision and Implementation Improvement of the Plan . The periodic monitoring and evaluation, will serve as opportunities for the provincial BEPC, the bay region boards, and the city/municipal ICM councils to review and, if necessary, modify the existing policies, implementation strategies, programs, projects, approaches, processes and techniques in order to make them more appropriate to the conditions and requirements of particular areas or communities. To improve SEMP implementation, the Secretariat of the Councils/Boards will document early recognizable “success stories” in the course of monitoring and evaluation so that lessons from its initial programs, projects and activities can be communicated to concerned key actors and stakeholders.

Any changes in the SEMP in terms of scope, duration, and implementation arrangements of specific major programs or projects will be subject to the approval of the bay region board, and if necessary by the provincial BEPC, with prior consultations with the concerned stakeholders and the concurrence of donor institutions, where applicable.

Financial Implications

The implementation of the SEMP requires the allocation of resources not normally appropriated by LGUs, however, there are related budget lines which are regularly funded and which can be realigned to fund the proposed strategic actions in the Plan. An example is the 20% Development Fund from which LGUs are mandated to allocate at least 20% to Human and Ecological Security (HES) activities. Also HEIs allocate at least ten percent of their budget for research and community service activities and this can be directed towards ICM related projects.

To support the implementation of programs listed in the SEMP, the stakeholders identified possible sources and corresponding ballpark amount and came up with an indicative figure of 737.76 million pesos. This figure represents only the direct operational costs associated with activities and does not include salaries, equipment and working spaces. Regular appropriations from LGUs will be the main bulk of the sources of funds complemented by support from national agencies, the private sector and funds from sustainable financing mechanisms to be established.

Support from diverse interest groups should therefore be sought and the challenge is to mobilize the private sector, national and local resources, and even foreign assistance or international funding institutions to finance these plans. The sourcing can be undertaken by the province-wide BEPC, the bay region boards, through their Secretariat and TWG, and also directly by the city/municipal ICM councils. Innovative schemes can serve to cushion the impact of additional financial requirements. Various market instruments such as trust funds, fees, and charges provide new opportunities for increased funds, and they are likely to play increasingly important roles in the future.

Geographical Scope of the Bay Regions

The Province of Batangas is located along the southwestern edge of the island of Luzon in the Philippines. It is part of the Southern Tagalog Region and is bordered by the provinces of Cavite in the north and Laguna and Quezon in the east. The province is facing the South China Sea on its west and the island of Mindoro in the south. The Passage separates Batangas from the island of Mindoro.

The province has a land area of approximately 3,165.81 square kilometers (sq km) and consists of 31 municipalities and three cities. There are Fig. 1. Map of Batangas Province three major bays in the province of Batangas, namely: Batangas Bay, Balayan and Adjacent Bays, and Malampaya found offshore of Palawan. Tayabas and Adjacent Bays. The management area of Batangas Bay called the Batangas Bay Region (BBR) Batangas Bay forms a semi- is in the southern part of Batangas enclosed body of water, with an average Province. Its total land area is around depth of about 55 meters which renders 1,461 sq km, while its coastline itself ideal for international port and measures 92 km. Its southwestern harbor development. It has a total area boundary extends to the municipality of of about 220 sq km. Batangas Bay Tingloy in Maricaban Island, while the hosts an international sea port and north and west boundaries are majority of the big industries in the delineated by the watersheds and/or province including the processing plants municipalities that drain into Batangas of the natural gas piped in from Bay. Within this region lie 14 coastal

and inland cities and municipalities. On establishments, and a number of the western part, BBR is separated from medium and big industries. the Balayan and Adjacent Bays Region by a land mass called the Calumpang Tayabas and Adjacent Bays is Peninsula, where the municipalities of shared by the provinces of Batangas Mabini and Bauan are located. and Quezon. Sigayan Bay and Batangas City and the municipalities of Coloconto Bay are minor enclaves San Pascual and parts of Lobo together within Tayabas Bay, located within San with Tingloy, Mabini and Bauan Juan municipality. The Tayabas and comprise the coastline of Batangas Bay Adjacent Bays Region (TABR), in the Region. The inland city/municipalities eastern portion of Batangas province include Lipa, San Jose, Ibaan, Cuenca, comprises the coastal municipality of Alitagtag, Padre Garcia, Rosario and San Juan and parts of Lobo town and Taysan. A major river, Calumpang the inland municipalities of Rosario and River, drains into Batangas Bay from as Padre Garcia and the City of Lipa. The far as the inland city of Lipa. total land area of TABR is 958,65 sq km, while its coastline is around 100 kms. The Balayan and Adjacent Bays is Marine turtles are still abundant in this located in the western side of Batangas area and sightings of other charismatic Province, northwest of Batangas Bay. species such as dolphins are constantly The adjacent bays of Balayan Bay are reported. Major activities in the Nasugbu Bay and Talin Bay, found west Tayabas and Adjacent Bays Region of Calatagan Peninsula, and Pagapas include agriculture, fisheries, and Bay, south of Calatagan Peninsula. tourism. The region has long white and Nasugbu Bay, where Fortune Island is black sandy beaches, coves and marine located and Talin Bay are facing the life cradled at the foot of mountains and South China Sea. Meanwhile, Janao hills that are suitable for all levels of Bay is an enclave of Balayan Bay, tourism development. located east of Mabini and Bauan towns. The Balayan and Adjacent Bays Another major body of water in the Region (BABR) has a total land area of province, worth noting is Taal Lake 1,089.26 sq km, and a coastline of which is a freshwater body linked to around 300 kms. The coastal marine Balayan Bay by Pansipit River. This area is approximately 2,260 sq km. river is the spawning route of a popular BABR comprises of 12 municipalities. and expensive fish called maliputo The municipalities of Nasugbu, Lian and (Caranx sp. ). Taal lake has an area of Calatagan are located within Calatagan approximately 239 sq. km. and the Peninsula. The towns bordering Balayan lakeshore circumference is about 267 Bay are Balayan, Calaca, Lemery, Taal, kms. Within the lake is a volcano island San Luis, parts of Tingloy, and parts of with an area of around 24 sq. km. The Bauan and Mabini in Calumpang average depth of Taal Lake is 60 Peninsula. Tuy is a landlocked meters; depth reaches to a maximum of municipality that hosts Benangbang almost 200 meters. The lake is River, a major river system that drains surrounded by the cities of Lipa and into Balayan Bay. The island Tanuan, and the municipalities of municipality of Tingloy is separated from Agoncillo, Alitagtag, Talisay, Balete, Calumpang Peninsula by Maricaban Cuenca, Laurel, , San Strait. Located in Balayan and its Nicolas and Sta. Teresita. Adjacent Bays Region is a mixture of fisheries, agriculture, tourism-related

State of Environment and Owing to its comparative Resource Management in the advantage and accessibility to Metro Manila and to other Southern Tagalog Bay Regions producer-provinces like Mindoro, Laguna and Cavite, Batangas is In totality, the three bay regions becoming a major industrial and are essentially an agricultural area, commercial province in the country. The devoting about 103,070 hectares coastline of Batangas Bay is representing 52.5 percent of its total continuously serving the industrial, area for crop production in 2003. residential, commercial, and Sugarcane, rice, corn, coconut, transportation needs of various sectors. monoculture or in combination with fruits While some industries are cropping up and other crops dominates the in the Balayan and Adjacent Bays landscape of the three bay regions. Region, its coastline is still generally Second growth forests occupy 35% of being utilized for residential, the province’s total land area but only commercial, transportation, and 35% of these are considered productive. recreational purposes. Meanwhile, the Forest trees are almost nonexistent in coastline of Tayabas Bay basically coastal areas, except for a few patches provides the venue for residential and of mangroves in Nasugbu, Calatagan, recreational activities. Lobo and San Juan. Built-up areas such as human settlements are From 1998 to 2002, industrial and increasing especially in the coastal area. commercial establishments in the three Nearing one-half (41.9%) of the bay regions increased by 36%. Of this province’s total population of 1.9 million figure, 12% is accounted for by large is in the Batangas Bay Region. industries, 4.5% by medium industries Consequently, it is the most densely and more than 50% by small industries. populated among the three bay regions Majority of the medium and large at 7.1 persons/hectare. One-third industries are located in the Batangas (31.7%) is in the Balayan and Adjacent Bay Region, including enclaves of Bay Region with a density of 5.5 foreign locators operating in several persons/hectare. A little less than one- industrial estates and parks. fourth (23.7) of the province’s total population is in the Tayabas Bay Port development especially in Region, with a density of 4.7 Batangas Bay has taken significant persons/hectares (PPDO, 2000). An development which led to more increasing endeavor is the commercial intensified navigation and port-related raising of livestock, i.e. poultry and activities. The first of the four phases of piggery, making the province, especially port development has been completed the Batangas Bay Region, a primary in 1998 while the second phase had supplier of poultry and meat products in started in 1999. From 1998 to 2002, Southern Tagalog and Metro Manila. In shipping activities intensified as shown 2002, the three bay regions have a total by increases in shipping traffic of about poultry and livestock population of 12%, cargo traffic of 20% and 13,858,391, of which 97% were raised passenger traffic of 47%. in the Batangas Bay Region while the Balayan Bay Region and the Tayabas The extensive use of resources in Bay Region contributed 1% and 2%, the bay regions extends to the marine respectively to the total. BBR supplies territory. Fish production in Batangas 30% of meat and poultry and 50% of the province increased from 37,969 metric egg requirements of Metro Manila. tons (MT) in 1999 to 47,043 MT in 2002.

This is largely due, however, to the new additions to the Philippines and increasing production from the new records to the list previously aquaculture sector, from 16,371 MT in published by Veron (2000). A tourism 1999 to 23,772 MT in 2002. Notably, product inventory of San Juan along marine municipal fisheries almost Tayabas Bay indicated that the equaled aquaculture in 1999 (16,996 municipality has 496 hectares of MT), however, in 2002 marine municipal mangroves and swamp areas, of which fisheries only increased by a mere eight over 100 hectares are intact, the largest percent (at 18,451 MT) compared to in all of Batangas Province (Grey, aquaculture’s almost 45% increase. A 2002). In comparing Balayan Bay to study conducted on fish production other dive sites in the “Coral Triangle” sufficiency analysis revealed that (i.e. Philippines, Indonesia, and Batangas province has fallen short by Malaysia), Fenner (2003) considers the 2,203 MT, i.e. fish production vis-à-vis coral fauna of this bay to be the most per capita consumption (PAO/PPDO, diverse considering the high number of 2000). In general, except for some species encountered in a limited number areas, the catch per unit effort has been of dives. observed to be generally declining in the three bay regions, especially in the Taal Lake was declared a Batangas Bay Region. A recent length- Protected Landscape by Proclamation frequency survey, reveals that some fish 906 issued on October 6, 1996. The species are under threat of being lake harbors two of the most overfished in Balayan and Adjacent economically important freshwater Bays (Enderez, 2002)) and these species in the province, the freshwater include gulyasan, hasa-hasa, lagidlid , sardines (tawilis) and the carangidh and tulingan . (maliputo). It is also major production area for tilapia with around 10,000 units The Balayan and its Adjacent Bays of fish cages. The whole length of and Tayabas Bay are biodiversity refuge Pansipit River (this river connects the compared to Batangas Bay. The lake to Balayan Bay) is declared a fish presence of charismatic species like the sanctuary. The western part of the spinner dolphins, marine turtles, and volcano island is likewise declared a fish sperm whales, indicate the bio-richness sanctuary. Aside from fisheries, the of these bays. Since they are top lake is also major tourist destination predators, their presence indicates area for sight-seeing, boating, copious amount of food resources in the swimming, sailing, and water skiing. area and are good bio-indicators of the richness of the bays’ coastal marine area. Also, in Balayan and its Adjacent International Agreements and Bays, there are at least 319 coral National Programs species, of which eight are considered rare; 32 mangrove and associated As a show of support to the species; nine seagrass species; and global concern for the protection of the 262 fish species. An independent environment and the preservation of survey in 2001 reveals that the coral natural resources, the Philippines is a reefs in the southern part of Balayan signatory to the following international Bay (Bauan, Mabini and Tingloy) waters agreements: Convention on Wetlands of have generally improved (33% to 48%) International Importance Especially of compared to 1993 levels (White et al, Waterfowl Habitat (RAMSAR 1971), 2001). Also, a 2003 survey showed that Convention concerning the protection of 25 coral species found in the area are

the World Cultural and Natural Heritage responsibility of the implementing (Paris, 1972), Convention on institutions of the SEMP for Batangas to International Trade in Endangered create a synergy between and among Species of Wild Fauna and Flora these national programs and projects (Washington, 1973), Convention on the and the implementation of local Conservation of Migratory Species of programs and projects identified in the Wild Animals (Bonn, 1979), (e) SEMP. Convention on the Protection of the Natural Resources and Environment of the South Pacific Region (1986), and Local Initiatives, Trends and Convention on Biological Diversity Implications (CBD, 1992). It is imperative that the

SEMP for Batangas is able to help During the mid 90’s there were two ensure that the country is able to adhere important planning documents that to and actualize these agreements at paved the way for rapid industrialization both national and local levels. of the province of Batangas. The 1995-

2000 Comprehensive Provincial Land There are national laws and Use Plan (CPLUP), also known as the programs relevant to the environmental Provincial Physical Framework Plan management of the province’s bay- (PPFP), sets the vision for a “Balanced regions. Although the implementation of Agro-Industrial Modernization and these laws is primarily the responsibility Ecologically Sustainable Development of the national agencies located in the for Batangas Province”. It also sets a province, the local government units goal of transforming the Province from also have their roles to play in ensuring an agricultural area into an agro- the proper and full implementation of industrial center by the beginning of this these relevant laws. Foremost among century. The other document that these laws are the following: the expounded the balanced agro- Fisheries Code, the National Integrated industrialization route was the Provincial Protected Area System Act, the Clean Development Plan (PDP, 1999-2001) Water Act, Wildlife Resources which incorporates and supports the key Conservation and Protection Act, and elements of the Master the Environmental Solid Waste Plan, as well as the existing Management Act, among others (Annex Municipal/City Development Plans, 1). The institutions, existing and/or to Region IV Development Plan, and the be created, responsible for the -Taal Master Plan. implementation of the SEMP for

Batangas province shall therefore have These plans principally focus on to ensure that the implementation of heavy physical infrastructure, except for these relevant laws are properly some areas like Maricaban Island, coordinated at the provincial, bay-region Mabini, Taal Lake, and the coastline of wide, and municipal levels. These laws Lobo, San Juan and Nasugbu that were should also be complemented with and identified for coastal tourism. On the reinforced by corresponding local other hand, the whole of Balayan Bay ordinances. was considered for conservation by

these plans. Notably, the targets set by While there may be relevant these plans, especially agro- national programs and projects industrialization, have been mostly implemented by the national agencies, achieved and are felt today, more their reach and impacts have to be importantly in the Batangas Bay Region. intensified in the province. It will be the

Its effect, in terms of industrial and resources management activities were population growth, also radiated to the undertaken. In fact, initial successes neighboring bay regions, in particular have already been recorded. Some among the towns nearer to Batangas coral reefs in Mabini and Tingloy, City, i.e Bauan, Mabini, and the now improved in condition from “fair” to densely populated municipality of Taal. “good” and even to “excellent” in some An important challenge among the stations. LGUs along the coast of Batangas Bay and the Balayan and Adjacent Bays is to In 1996, the Provincial meet the anticipated volume of wastes Government formulated a 25-year generated by growth in industrialization Strategic Environmental Management and coastal settlements. Wastes and Plan for the Batangas Bay Region other forms of pollution inevitably flow to (SEMP-BBR). It envisages the the coastal/marine waters. Batangas Bay Region and Batangas Bay as models for the achievement of Both the Provincial Development economic growth while simultaneously Plan (PDP) and the Provincial Physical guaranteeing environmental integrity. Framework Plan (PPFP) are now being The SEMP-BBR serves as a blueprint or updated. In this regard, it is very timely roadmap that prescribes the manner by that the conservation of the bays in the which development should proceed province and the integrated approach in without compromising the environment developing the bay regions can be put and natural resources. Its formulation forward among provincial planners and was assisted by the Partnerships for policy makers. For one, the PPFP is Environmental Management for the focused mainly on the terrestrial aspects Seas of East Asia or PEMSEA, a of the Province’s development. This UNDP-IMO Programme. SEM Plan could augment the physical framework plan by merging the Replicating the above, an coastal/marine concerns into the Integrated Coastal Management Project terrestrial-based activities of the for Balayan and Adjacent Bays in province. Calatagan Peninsula was launched in 2000, through a Memorandum of Local impetus for conservation Agreement (MOA) between the predates this Plan. In fact, it enjoys a Provincial Government of Batangas, the long history dating back to the 70’s. World Wide Fund for Nature-Philippines Because their economies and (WWF-Phils), and the 11 western livelihoods are entwined with tourism coastal municipalities. This paved the and fishery, the LGUs and the resort way for the formulation of an ICM Plan groups have economic incentives to in 2003, which was later adopted and invest in conservation activities. This is endorsed by the Provincial Development especially so in the towns of Mabini, Council in 2004. Tingloy, Nasugbu, Calatagan, Balayan, San Luis, and San Juan. To date, these The Tayabas Bay Region has yet LGUs have been actively supporting to come up with its own ICM Plan. On marine law enforcement activities, the other hand, the through their Bantay Dagat volunteers. Protected Landscape, has its own With the help of NGOs and POs, marine conservation and development plan, sanctuaries have been established, and is managed by the national mangrove areas were reforested, government (being part of the NIPAS livelihoods were created, innovative Act) through a Protected Area financing introduced, and other coastal Management Board (PAMB).

While the social capital favoring outcomes. Likewise, the BBR-EPC was conservation in Batangas is evidently complemented by PG-ENRO, a present, the challenge of integration and permanent coordinating office within the coordination remains. The institutional framework of the local government framework to make integration work and which coordinated the various sectors stick in an ecosystem-wide and implemented the ICM program in management framework and setting has the BBR. With clear directions set by so far eluded ICM practitioners. Initial the SEMP, (1) enforcement teams were work has been done to build established, (2) public awareness and constituencies and to pool together education campaigns were conducted, limited resources from state actors to (3) multisectoral efforts were harnessed the private sector and civil society. and joined to monitor environmental Much work still remains to be done to changes, (4) mechanisms for managing achieve effective integration in the multiple use conflicts were created and management of coastal and marine supported by developing a water use resources. zonation plan and assessing risks, (5) an integrated waste management action plan was developed and short-term The Strategic Environmental actions were initially taken, and (6) Management Plan of Batangas periodic monitoring and evaluation were put in place including regular reporting

exercises and external evaluation at The SEMP-BBR encompasses midterm and end of the project. the entire BBR but the immediate focus was the coastal municipalities bordering Despite progress in ICM made under Batangas Bay. The adoption of the the direction set by the SEMP, there are Strategic Environmental Management still some gaps that have to be Plan for the Batangas Bay Region addressed to deal with some ushered in the creation of the Batangas uncertainties and expected outcomes Bay Region Environmental Protection that somehow constrained the smooth Council (BBR-EPC) and the Provincial implementation and expansion of Government- Environment and Natural projects and activities. As rapid growth Resource Office (PG-ENRO). BBR- and development continue to occur in EPC was created by virtue of Provincial Batangas Province, more environmental Ordinance 01 series of 1996 and was issues and new challenges have to be established to supervise and control the addressed not only for the BBR but also formulation, adoption, governance and for the whole province as well, implementation and policy direction of especially in the management areas of the SEMP and subsequent two other major bays in Batangas environmental plan for the BBR. It is Province - Balayan Bay and Tayabas crucial to have a structure like the BBR- Bay, and the freshwater Taal Lake. EPC backed by appropriate legislation These could come either as and whose processes enable all parties unanticipated implementation questions to share information, explore differences or issues raised by changing and build trust to enhance the circumstances and are enumerated formulation of productive cross-sectoral below: relations and participate in shaping

•Fishing •Tourism •Agriculture •Protected area •Biodiversity refuge

Tayabas Bay

•Fishing •Tourism •Agriculture •Recreation •Biodiversity refuge •Industrial •Protected area •Commercial •Navigation/ port activities •Biodiversity •conservation

enforcement and consequently 1. Water use zonation plan making them co-owners and developed as part of the SEMP active partners of ICM projects. cannot stand alone since water As the mechanism for uses are related to land-based enforcement expands and activities. Water use zonation is stabilized, the opportunity can be a logical extension and an expanded and extended to integral part of land use and combine enforcement and planning hence the functionality regulations with financing and implementation of water use schemes through the application plan significantly depends on its of market-based instruments. integration with existing land use plans. Figure 2 shows the 3. Implementing the SEMP requires dominant uses of land and water a comprehensive and holistic in the three bay regions which approach to communication at can serve as focal points for an the community level. There integrated zonation plan. must be a process through which Likewise, Annex _ presents the information is imparted to the approved zonation scheme for public and to all stakeholders to the Batangas Bay Region. increase their awareness, understanding and appreciation 2. The enforcement team formed of ICM activities and their ensured multi sectoral relevance. membership but was not able to fully mobilize the community in

4. The institutional mechanism has updated SEMP a more been established and the comprehensive framework towards coordination office has been focused and more concerted efforts made operational, but LGU in integrated coastal management empowerment to initiate and among the three bay regions in the sustain the environmental province - Batangas Bay, Balayan program at the grassroots level and Adjacent Bays, Tayabas and is weak. An updated SEMP Adjacent Bays together with Taal could emphasize on the setting Lake, a freshwater lake earlier up of MENROs and the declared as a protected landscape. development of city/municipal The geographical coverage of three ICM plans with the active bay regions represents a significant participation of communities. scaling up from the BBR coverage. Likewise, the issues tackled have 5. The SEMP is flexible enough to expanded to cover biodiversity and allow for replication but updating habitat, fishery resources, and is needed to accommodate underground water in addition to differences in specific intents waste generation and management, and target population. Areas for the major concern in the SEMP- replication would do well by BBR. Consequently, programs and looking at the experiences of strategies developed were geared to BBR and reflecting on how their address these issues and provide assets and opportunities are technical intervention along these alike or different. Common lines. threads of experiences may become apparent and with this, The Batangas Bay the SEMP is used to maximize Environmental Protection Council situational strengths, minimize (BBREPC) that provided the weaknesses and take advantage institutional support to the SEMP- of available opportunities. BBR will be expanded into the Batangas Environmental Protection 6. With the replication in Balayan Council (BEPC) that will serve as the Bay and the wider geographical umbrella institutional mechanism to coverage of ICM program in provide the venue for the formulation Batangas, the development of a of cross-bay region policies and wide range of strategic relations. PG-ENRO will still be the partnership is important. main coordinating office but will be actively supported by MENROs and The updated SEMP therefore MPDCs who will take care of major should be flexible enough to modify, issues and programs at the bay refine, widen and improve its region levels. interventions as more information is generated and accumulated from Community participation, an experience. As can be seen in the important segment where significant succeeding chapters, this province- progress was not achieved in the wide SEMP incorporates early SEMP-BBR will be harnessed to the recognizable success stories and fullest via the city/municipal ICM lessons from the initial programs, councils. Lessons from success projects and activities of the SEMP- stories have resulted in the BBR as inputs to replication and simplification of some rules and expansion. This provides the procedures for local stakeholders,

particularly the communities to assume more responsible roles in ICM.

An appropriate legislation will be effected to back-up the above mechanism that will ensure coordination from top to bottom in the scaling up process.

Identification and integrate and/or coordinate initiatives with the PAMB of Taal Volcano Classification of Issues Protected Landscape in order to be able and Problems to holistically cover the whole province’s environmental management efforts. Owing to the vastness of the area, both coastal/marine and terrestrial, the Through the leadership of the PG- large size of population and the ENRO, the Technical Working Group intensive utilization of land and water and several partner organizations, the resources, the three bay regions issues and problems were initially culled combined are facing countless from various reports and existing environmental problems and issues. planning documents. These were later These issues and problems, verified, validated, refined, and complicated and numerous as they are, classified through several planning and however, are very much interrelated. consultation workshops and round-table The SEMP of the Batangas Bay Region discussions, attended by stakeholders and the ICM Plan of the Balayan and from both the provincial level and Adjacent Bays Region and some of the coastal municipalities throughout the relevant studies on the Tayabas Bay three bay regions. The issues were Region provided much data and analyzed in terms of the problems and information for the identification of these causes and were categorized and issues and problems. Specifically, the grouped and linkages between issues two earlier mentioned documents were were established. outputs of several baseline studies and series of consultations among The identified environmental stakeholders, i.e. government, NGOs management issues of the three bay and POs, industries, academe, tourism regions are complex but interrelated. sector and fisher folk, among others. They can be classified, however, into five major areas of concerns, listed The current environmental issues herein in no particular order: (i) waste are identified with a view to establish a generation and management, (ii) fishery framework for specific actions to resources, (iii) biodiversity and habitat, address the environmental problems in (iv) underground water, and (v) Batangas. Efforts shall be made to sustainability through institutionalization

and community participation. Spatially, and dumping areas due to lack of however, the above may vary in terms facilities for solid waste of intensity, but are nevertheless management. Indiscriminate common, among the three bay regions. dumping of wastes is commonly observed in many areas due to weak implementation of penalties for this act. Waste generation and management The open and unsanitary dumpsites aggravate the problem of The issue on waste generation and accumulation. While satisfactory, management encompasses three major modern solutions to municipal waste types of wastes produced in Batangas: problems have begun to be solid wastes, industrial and agricultural developed in other parts of the wastes and ship and port wastes. country, Batangas has not made much progress in addressing these issues. Very few controlled disposal Solid waste generation and facilities exist in the province and the disposal need for such facilities intensifies as throwaway packaging, high in non- This issue is common among all degradable plastic content, makes three bay regions, both in terms of up a larger portion of the waste generation and accumulation and stream. Except for the city of inadequacy of waste disposal Batangas and the municipalities of facilities. More waste is generated Alitagtag and Tingloy which in the province because of implement controlled dumping in increasing human settlements their disposal site, the mode of resulting from both high population disposal is through open dumping. growth rate and in-migration. The Of the 34 cities/municipalities, five province generates a total of have no dumpsites, one has already 345,743 metric tons of wastes in closed its dumping site, three year 2002. Average waste operate controlled dumpsites while generation per municipality is the others have open dumps. estimated at 10,169 tons per year, which translates to about 11.3 tons There is a growing resistance per day. Per capita waste from surrounding communities generation in year 2002 was against creating or opening new estimated at 5.6 grams. dumpsites. Consequently, wastes end up in the coastal marine area, Although there are efforts to even if accumulated in the terrestrial promote recycling and reuse of area. The weak technical and wastes, the lack of incentives financial capability of local discouraged the interest and governments to support enthusiasm on these waste comprehensive waste management minimization efforts. Waste as required in RA 9003 is seen as a management scheme is limited only significant factor, among others, to the ineffective collect and dump affecting solid waste generation, system. Segregation of waste at accumulation, and disposal. source is not a common practice and where garbage are segregated, they got mixed up again in dump trucks

Box 1. Waste generation and disposal in Batangas Province

WASTE WASTE MUNICIPALITY GENERATION MUNICIPALITY GENERATION (TONS) (TONS) Agonillo 3,438 Rosario 10,835 Alitagtag 4,000 San Jose 6,130 Balayan 12,220 San Juan 13,350 Balete 2,228 San Luis 5,755 Bauan 24,073 San Nicolas 2,925 Calaca 10,423 San Pascual 7,738 Calatagan 7,465 Sta. Teresita 2,358 Cuenca 5,210 Sto. Tomas 10,945 Ibaan 8,590 Taal 6,710 Laurel 4,205 Talisay 5,155 Lemery 13,190 Taysan 3,835 Lian 7,078 Tingloy 2,675 Lobo 7,128 Tuy 4,568 Mabini 4,263 Batangas City 66,580 4,730 Lipa City 30,625 Mataasnakahoy 4,350 Tanauan City 19,993

Source: PG-ENRO, 2004.

Industrial and agricultural wastes

The disposal of untreated scale and are geographically industrial and agricultural wastes in dispersed, making it difficult, tributaries and coastal marine waters expensive, and uneconomical to put is caused by inadequate treatment up a common waste treatment facilities in both groups of industries. facility. Residues from agricultural Wastewater treatment facilities are practices (fertilizer application and poorly functioning, having pest control), animal wastes from inadequate capacity or simply non- piggery, poultry and other livestock existent. This inadequacy production activity contribute to contributes to pollutant loading in nutrient loading of water bodies, river systems, creeks and waterway cause sedimentation and that ultimately drains into the bay. contaminate the seafood. The This is considered serious especially weak implementation of regulations among agriculture and livestock on industrial and agricultural wastes producers operating on a backyard by enforcement agencies

encourages polluters to be less risks in view of the petrochemical vigilant in their waste generation and and energy industries along disposal activities. Batangas Bay and Balayan Bay. From 2001 to 2003, there wee nine Oil spill and discharges from reported incidents of spillages and industries, whether accidental of emissions from industries along intentional are also seen to create Batangas and Balayan Bays.

Box 2. Incidents of spillages and emissions from industries along Batangas and Balayan Bays, 2001-2003.

DATE POLLUTER LOCATION NATURE OF POLLUTION

February Minola Refining Aplaya, Spillage of unrefined/crude coconut oil 2001 Corporation & Bauan, passing through the defective flange Julius Barge Batangas connecting the hose of Julius Barge and the pipeline towards the tank of Minola Refining Corporation August General Milling Tabangao, About 5 tons of vegetable (soya) oil spilled 2001 Corporation Batangas City in about 3,000 sq m of the bay area April 3M Steam Padre Garcia, Discharging of treated wastewater at 2002 Laundry Batangas Cawongan River Batangas Coal Calaca, August Fired Thermal Batangas Emissions containing mercury and other 2002 Power Plant toxic heavy metals San Miguel, January Mabuhay Vinyl Bauan, Spillage of liquid caustic soda 2003 Corporation Batangas Discharging of molasses into the bay Aplaya, March which caused discoloration and foaming of Trans Asia Bauan 2003 bay water April Tabangao, Vegetable oil spill which resulted to 2003 General Milling Batangas City dissolved oxygen of zero in one of the Corporation outfalls July Various Nasugbu 2003 industries along Fish kill in Palico River due to effluent Palico River from industries San Miguel, October Mabuhay Vinyl Bauan, Liquid caustic soda spillage 2003 Corporation Batangas

Source: PG-ENRO, 2004.

Ship and port wastes

Shipping activities and expansion of among the three bays, but is more port facilities have generated ship intensely felt in Batangas Bay. and port-related wastes that Related problems identified are ship eventually are dumped in the bay collision and oil spill due to waters. This is considered an issue increasing vehicle traffic. Illegal

discharge of wastes from shipping However, despite the rapid vessels have also been observed economic development occurring in such as dumping of used oil and the region, water quality has not ballasting water from boats, ships deteriorated significantly in terms of and other sea vessels passing or nitrates and phosphates. Likewise, docking in various ports located in pollution status in terms of dissolved the province. Ships and vessels oxygen (DO) had improved. In generate considerable quantities of 1997, DO was measured at an blackwater, graywater, oil bilge, average of 6.68 mg/l and this ballast water, solid wastes and increased to 9.93 mg/l in 2004. hazardous materials. The port authorities of Batangas recognize Balayan and Tayabas Bays are that one of the factors that might facing the same threat of pollution if have encouraged the illegal economic activities around the area discharging of wastes is the are not rationalized. Palico River in inadequate collection and disposal Lian and Nasugbu has exceeded the system of the international port. The standard for Class C water due to existing system just cannot cope pollution from households and from with the demand of the increasing sugar mills and alcohol distilleries. vessel and passenger traffic. As of Bambang River in Balayan is 2004, there are 27 companies which severely polluted due to the deploy 68 vessels providing services discharge of partially treated water in Batangas Bay. In Tayabas Bay, from sugar mills. Pamintahan River irresponsible disposal of garbage in Lipa City is heavily polluted given have been observed to be the wastes coming from households, committed by vessels plying the bay hog farms and the public market. especially the San Juan coastal route (Resource Combines, Inc., 2002). Fishery resources

There is also the added risk of oil This issue is analyzed in terms and chemical spills especially in of declining fish catch, the use of areas where most sea vessels illegal and destructive fishing carrying raw materials dock and methods and decreasing effective transfer their loads through jetties. area of fishing. Common to all three bay regions, the decline in fish catch Solid wastes, industrial and arises from population pressure and agricultural wastes and ship and port increasing fish efforts. As of year wastes compromise the integrity of 2003, fishermen in the Batangas surface and marine waters if they Bay Region totaled to 3,296 while in are not managed adequately and the Balayan Bay and Tayabas Bay rationally. Results of water quality Regions, they numbered to 3,936 monitoring done for Batangas Bay and 1,875, respectively. Open- shows that pollution status in terms access to fishery resources and “no of oil and grease content has catch limit” policy encourage more worsened significantly. This fishermen to exploit the resource, parameter was recorded at 36.2 mg/l however, it breeds unfair competition in 1997 and increased to 41.13 mg/l between commercial and municipal in 2004. Statistical comparison fishermen leading to economic across years showed that the dislocation. increase in pollutants is significant.

Municipal and commercial fish serious threat to marine biodiversity, catch declined from 23,553,365 especially if contiguous but different kilograms in 1998 to 10,030,779 habitats forming landscape biodiversity kilograms in 1999. This creates impact are lost. Marine biodiversity is a natural on the ecosystem and the socio- heritage and a vital resource for economic life of the people, especially Batanguenos and they are linked to their among fisher folks. The consequent habitats. These habitats serve as economic difficulty from declining fish refuge and nursery areas for catch made fishermen resort to commercial and non-commercial fish destructive fishing methods. Such and shellfish species. Habitat loss practice provides short-term gains to means loss of spawning areas and fishermen but aggravates the cycle of nursery grounds for terrestrial and poverty and is a serious violation of RA marine life. Such loss demands more 8550. The capability of existing government action to conduct habitat enforcement agencies is not enough to restoration and rehabilitation, to put up go after violators seriously and conduct infrastructures to aid rehabilitation and swift apprehension. to provide more extension services, which entail added costs and socio- The decline in effective area for economic tensions. Pressures from fishing is attributed to the multiple uses intensified human activities as well as of the bays, encroachment by abuse of foreshore lease agreements commercial fishers, and the conduct of are identified as contributing factors, reclamation projects. Open water among others. Illegal titling of areas are common property resources shorelines is also observed which limits to governments, private sector down to the access to this resource. individual fisher folks. No single ruling entity or group exercise control over it. Pressure comes from continuous As defined in the Fisheries Code, a increase in population and the high maximum 15 km limit for municipal tendency of in-migration due to lack of fisheries is allowable, however, this alternative livelihood options. Coastal results in overlapping jurisdictions areas serve as an interface between among municipalities. There is also the terrestrial and marine environment and continuous encroachment of commercial are considered as one of the most fishing vessels into municipal waters productive areas in marine habitat. The which creates conflict with municipal high productivity of the areas support fishers. In addition, the unrestricted living resources to which coastal folks access to commercially valuable fish depends. For example, the primary species is a serious cause of source of shrimp larvae to stock the overexploitation of fishery resources and farms is the mangrove forest and the depletion of fish stocks. long-term sustainability of farms is jeopardized by destruction of mangroves. These resources are not Biodiversity and habitat limitless and are bound to fail once exploited irrationally. Exploitation The destruction of shoreline, comes in the form of (1) extraction of mangroves, and other ecological wood from mangrove areas, (2) habitats including sea grass beds, soft collection of mangrove substrate for the bottom communities and coral reefs is a production of construction bricks and (3) growing concern given the awareness collection of coral boulders and coral that the loss of habitat is the most heads for construction purposes (Resource Combines, Inc., 2002) . In

addition, rampant conversions of Batangas Bay Region, are relatively mangrove areas into settlements, faster than optimal. In 1999, about 15% resorts and fishponds are noted. Other of wells in the Lipa City Water District problems such as soil erosion often had been abandoned due to lowered accompany mangrove destruction and piezometric levels and/or reduced well adversely affect the coral reefs. While capacity. Matanguihan (2004) reported losses of coral reefs and mangrove that existing withdrawal from wells has habitats are probably the most caused considerable depletion of significant in terms of losses of groundwater resources, so that current biodiversity, other critical habitats such drilling projects reach depths of up to as wetland areas, estuaries and 240 meters. Supply has to be beefed seagrass beds which are known to be up to support an average of 181 new key nursery areas for coastal fisheries service connections per month. In are also disappearing. In 2001 and addition, the supply problem is 2003 reports of the WWF, resort owners aggravated by the disregard among have considered these plants as communities of the protection of eyesores and are systematically important and critical watersheds. removed. Although sightings of Deforestation in fact is a common sight charismatic species, i.e. dolphins, in the province, mostly caused by marine sea turtles, sperm whales have conversion due to intensified been constantly reported in the bays, agriculture, tourism (i.e. into resorts), they are still under threat due to and establishment of new settlements. persistent use of illegal and destructive fishing methods, including the use of There is a growing concern that dynamite. water scarcity will be a serious problem in the future if the amount withdrawn is All the above activities that lead to so big that water supplies are no longer habitat destruction and consequent adequate to satisfy all human and decline/loss of biodiversity point to ecosystem requirements. This will apathy and lack of awareness of the increase the scarcity value of water and public and the tendency of decision- will make the search for alternative makers to implement myopic solutions sources of water very costly. Taal Lake to the biodiversity and habitat problem. has been considered an alternative source in view of its appreciable storage and flow, however, water in the lake will Underground water require sophisticated process of filtration and demineralization which is six times This is an emerging area of more expensive than the pump well concern, but recently, the provincial costs. Likewise, the degradation of government is already cognizant of. The freshwater sources also contributes to industrial path taken by the province has water scarcity and implies an increasing led to the fast extraction of underground cost of new water source development. water for household, commercial, and Good water resources surveys are industrial uses. Although there are no needed as well as preliminary test published documents comparing the drilling to guarantee that new wells will rates of extraction and replenishment of yield adequate supplies of water of right underground water, except the one by quality. Digging wells can also be Lipa City Water District (Semana, 1999), expensive given that a hydro geological there is a growing concern that the survey must first be undertaken before current extraction rates, especially in starting any extensive drilling program.

Scarcity and quality concerns increasing number of participatory are closely linked. Groundwater initiatives in Batangas, it is clear that pumping often mobilizes water that is most of these are still only “islands of saline or contains natural contaminants successes”. such as arsenic and fluoride. When combined with increasing pollutant loads Weak community participation can from agriculture, industry and municipal be analyzed in terms of a set of causal sewage, this pumping can irreversibly factors and this constitutes the nexus of contaminate aquifers. A study made by (i) inadequate education and Batangas State University (2001) awareness, thereby limiting revealed that the drinking water in the participation, (ii) weak functional whole province is not considered organization of communities that hinders potable in terms of total coliform count in sustained and effective participation, (iii) all its drinking water sources. This could weak and fragmented information base, account for the very high incidence of (iv) limited representation and diarrhea in Batangas. The same study coordination in the formulation and also shows that there is already an enforcement of plans, policies, and evidence of salt-water intrusion in most programs, (v) weak enforcement of the drinking sources in the province. capabilities that allows non-compliance It was concluded that salt-water to environmental laws and regulations. intrusion is being induced by over pumping of underground water. Members of the community can serve as a bridge to segments of society The above shows that over that may be hard to reach through extraction and pumping not only lead to formal ICM program channels. Their yield reduction but also to degrading effectiveness as bridge or channel quality due to salt-water intrusion. depends significantly on how the Inadequacy in water governance can be community uses the information to traced to the little appreciation for water change their situation either by as an economic good and the absence becoming grounds for action or by of a mechanism that integrates water making the community capable of and watershed plans and programs of different or more effective action. The various agencies, among others. functional organization of communities is generally weak. Except for some communities with fishermen’s Community participation organizations, there are no community participation plan developed with proper This area of concern is common and adequate consultation and to all the other areas described earlier guidance. Trust and confidence in the and is considered an all-encompassing managers, leaders and local officials concern. The process of involving the who support community participation community and building a constructive efforts will play a crucial role in partnership with them in the determining whether and how far the implementation of ICM has been slow. community goes in taking responsibility Despite the adequacy of specialist for local ICM initiatives. Community knowledge on ICM in the BBR, skills are participation is enhanced if ICM project still needed in a diverse range of areas efforts build local skills, interests and from information and knowledge capacities that are sustainable. management through conflict resolution Likewise, community participation in at the community level. Despite the planning and decision-making complements the enforcement of

environmental regulations. Community participation and pressure is especially necessary to compensate for weak environmental law enforcement or the absence of environmental regulations.

Box 3. Environment-related issues and problems in the bay regions of Batangas Province

ISSUE/AREA OF CONCERN PROBLEM/CONSEQUENCE CAUSES/FACTORS

Increasing human settlements tied up with population increase & in-migration Waste Accumulation of solid wastes Lack of incentives for waste generation and minimization and recycling management Weak penalties for random dumping of (solid wastes, wastes industrial &

agricultural wastes, shipping Open and unsanitary or uncontrolled and port dumpsites wastes) Improper solid waste disposal Resistance from communities in opening new dumpsites Weak financial capability of LGUs to support a comprehensive program

Indiscriminate disposal of Inadequate treatment facilities untreated industrial and Accidental spills agricultural wastes Small & widely dispersed operators

Ship collision and oil spill Increasing vessel traffic

Illegal waste discharge of Inadequate waste reception facility for ship vessel

Declining fish harvest Large and widespread increase in Fishery fishing efforts resources

Use of illegal fishing methods Weak enforcement of relevant provisions of RA 8550

Decreasing effective area for Encroachment by commercial fishing fishing boats Multiple uses of the bay Reclamation projects

Biodiversity Destruction of shoreline, Conflicts in foreshore lease agreement and habitat mangrove areas & other Illegal titling of shorelines ecological habitats

Threatened biodiversity Pressure from intensified human activities

Underground Depletion of underground Fast rate of extraction due to increasing water resource water resource demand for water Unprotected watersheds

Limited alternative water Increasing cost of new water source sources development

Degrading quality of Salt-water intrusion & presence of underground water contaminants induced by over pumping of water

Insufficient and ineffective Inadequate education and awareness participation Community Weak/non-functional organization of participation coastal communities

Weak enforcement capability Limited representation and coordination and low compliance to in formulation and enforcement policies, environmental laws and plans, programs, and projects regulations

Prioritization of Issues Using approach but is often a missing prerequisite in identifying priorities and Risk Ranking realizing successful environmental programs. The number and subtlety of environmental problem areas challenge A comparative risk approach was ready assessment. Environmental taken which evaluates the issues are not of the same importance. environmental issues on the basis of the Perceptions of urgencies and priorities risks and their impacts on human health, are manifested in the ranking done the ecosystem and the socio-economic during the consultative workshops held life of the people. It generates an among stakeholders. environmental priority list within the constraints of limited resources to It is important that the decision- protect the environment. More making process be strengthened before importantly, it involves all stakeholders priorities are set for the physical in the decision-making process; they environment and the programs to be have identified threats to health, implemented. A procedural approach is ecosystem and socio-economic life to as important as that target-oriented develop a working list of issues. In

short, it ensures allocation of scarce priority given a categorical ranking of 1. resources effectively while expanding a This rank is in view of the risks inherent dialogue among stakeholders. to open dumping of both waste types to the health of people living nearby and Risk ranking in this particular their socio-economic life and to the planning process required the environment. Oil spill and ship collision development of categorical rankings of and illegal waste discharge of ships are perceived risks to (a) human health, i.e. considered important, however, ranking as they may cause mortality and was 0 in view of the spatial extent of morbidity, (b) ecosystems, i.e. as they their effects which are more localized may affect biodiversity and integrity of than general. habitats, and (c) socio-economic Action programs directed to conditions of stakeholders, i.e. as they address issues on fishery resources affect livelihood, food security, and/or should focus on the declining fish cause poverty. The risk ranking provides harvest as the priority problem, given a a basis for prioritizing action programs rank of 1. Fish is an important source of that correspond to these food and provides the body with problem/opportunity areas. A problem or valuable concentrated proteins. More issue is ranked “1” if the risk is evident importantly, fish have Omega 3 fatty or likely to affect all three: human health, acids and oils that help protect against ecosystems, and socio-economic heart disease and these oils are conditions, of the stakeholders. particularly well matched to the growth Otherwise, the problem or issue is needs of the brain of human infants. ranked “0”. Fishing is a mainstay of the provincial economy and is a major source of It should be noted that in addition livelihood of coastal communities. to the premise that the ranking is done given limited resources, a more Destruction of shoreline and representative and realistic prioritization mangroves was also ranked 1 and was of issue was ensured by giving due considered as the more significant consideration to other criteria in addition problem in the issue of biodiversity and to the major one discussed above. habitat. Biodiversity will be lost if These include the (1) effect on habitats become degraded so that vulnerable groups for those species can no longer survive. Loss of problems/issues which may be localized biodiversity can have deleterious effects and affect only a defined group of on human health which include people, (2) spatial extent of degradation increases in infectious disease burden or depletion for those problems whose due to altered vector populations, more effects have a spatial nature such as toxicity from pollutants normally localized or cross-cutting across space, absorbed by specialized environments, and (3) the extent to which the problem loss of potential pharmaceuticals and is irreversible. destruction of potential models for biomedical research. Vital services Results of the comparative risk provided by biodiversity and the ranking showed that among the ecosystem as a whole in terms of food problems associated with the issue of production, raw materials and waste generation and disposal, the opportunities for recreation and cultural accumulation of solid wastes, activities will also be lost. Emerging inadequate solid waste disposal facilities researches have proven that biodiversity and the disposal of untreated industrial services produce greater economic and agricultural wastes are of high benefits than those produced by

continuing to modify habitats and loss of reduced, direct intake becomes these services affect the health and insufficient to replace moisture lost from livelihood of people and the ecosystem the body. in general. Community participation was The depletion of underground considered a highly significant issue water was considered of priority and with both the problem of insufficient and was given a rank of 1. Water is a ineffective participation and weak commodity, a natural resource and a enforcement capabilities getting a rank perceived human entitlement. Typical of 1. In succeeding workshops where uses of water are for drinking and the above was validated, ineffective sanitation but other major uses are in governance was further recognized as a agriculture, industries and enterprises. reinforcing issue to weak community Total individual needs for water ranges participation. This issue stood out as from 15 – 20 liters per day for drinking, the most common, if not the overriding food preparation, clean-up, hygiene and cause of the major environmental laundry. Reduction in quantity of water problems and issues among the three available to individuals has many health bay-regions. consequences. As water supply is

Box 4. Risk Ranking of Problems and Issues in the Bay Regions of Batangas Province

ISSUE/AREA OF CONCERN PROBLEM/CONSEQUENCE IMPACT

Human Ecosystem Socio- Risk health economic Ranking

Waste generation Accumulation of solid wastes    1 and management Improper solid waste (solid wastes,  1 disposal   industrial & agricultural Indiscriminate disposal of wastes, shipping untreated industrial and    1 and port wastes agricultural wastes Ship collision and oil spill   0

Illegal waste discharge of   0 ship  

Declining fish harvest    1

Fishery resources Use of illegal fishing methods   0

Decreasing effective area for 0 fishing  

Biodiversity and Destruction of shoreline,    1 habitat mangrove areas & other ecological habitats Threatened biodiversity    1

1 Depletion of underground    Underground water resource water resource Limited alternative water 0 sources 

Degrading quality of  0 underground water  

1 Insufficient and ineffective    Community participation participation Weak enforcement capability and low compliance to environmental laws and    1 regulations

Vision

Batangas is a socially and 1. To strengthen multi-stakeholder economically developed community of participation by establishing responsible citizenry committed and institutional mechanisms that will empowered to be good stewards of our encourage mobilization and environment and natural resources. capacity building of communities, organizations, and agencies in Mission the sustainable integrated management of the province’s To mobilize partnerships and bay-regions. strengthen capability among local government units, national government 2. To improve management of agencies, private sectors, non- municipal solid wastes and government organizations, volunteer industrial and agricultural groups, social/civic organizations and wastes, thereby minimizing their coastal community and residents for pollution impacts on the bays sustained integrated coastal and other water bodies in the management. province,

Goal 3. To restore and manage the province’s terrestrial, coastal

marine and freshwater habitat To achieve a healthy and and ecosystems and conserve acceptable balance between the overall its biodiversity for the benefit of economic development and the the present as well as the future conservation of natural resources and population of Batangas. protection of the environment through sustainable application of integrated 4. To protect and manage ground coastal management efforts. and surface water resources of

the province’s bay-regions. Objectives 5. To protect the fishery resources In order to ensure the of the province that will ensure achievement of the abovementioned food security goal by 2010, the following are the identified objectives:

Action Programs Waste Management (Municipal Institutional Development and Solid Wastes and Industrial and Integrated Planning Systems Agricultural Wastes)

A three-tiered multi-stakeholder The action program on Municipal institutional mechanism will be Solid Waste Management will established that will supervise, complement the initiatives of the coordinate, and mobilize participation Provincial Solid Waste Management and capacity-building among Board and that of the respective communities, organizations, and City/Municipal Solid Waste Management agencies, to ensure collective, Boards, pursuant to RA 9003 or the responsive and pro-active actions Solid Waste Management Act. The towards sustainable environmental Provincial and City/Municipal Solid management of the province’s bay- Waste Management Boards required by regions. Integrated planning systems RA 9003 will be reconstituted to prepare and policy directions will be enhanced at and/or improve the SWM plans at the the provincial, bay-region, and municipal provincial, municipal and barangay level, while capacity building and levels. Information, communication, information sharing will be undertaken education and capacity-building and intensified. The land and water use activities (ICEC) will be intensified to plans of the municipalities will be mobilize the municipality, barangay, harmonized at all levels. An community, households and other environmental code will be formulated sectors to minimize wastes, do and the concerned institutions, i.e. segregation and recycling, and ensure councils/boards and participating proper disposal of wastes. Material communities, organizations and recovery facilities (MRFs) will be agencies, will undergo capacity-building developed at the community, barangay in order for them to responsibly address and municipal levels and their critical environmental issues and resolve sustainable operation will be ensured possible resource use conflicts. It is with the collection of garbage fees and expected that the three-tiered multi- promotion of income generation from stakeholder institutions to be recycling. The establishment of sanitary established will be responsible in landfills or controlled dumpsites will be supervising the implementation of the carried out by the LGUs with adequate various action programs pursuant to and and intensive consultations with the as aligned with this SEMP. Sustainable community in terms of identification of financing mechanisms (i.e. payment for location of dumpsite, prospecting environmental services, establishment potential private sector partners who of trust funds, private-private could provide technical and financial partnerships, polluters’ pay, etc.) shall complements to LGU capability and likewise be initiated to ensure a stable resources, formulation of an source of funding for all these SEMP- implementation plan and development related activities, and thus attain of the sanitary landfill project. sustainability. The action program on Industrial and Agricultural Waste Management highlights the strengthening of community and LGU participation in the EIA system. Likewise, the program will

build on the initiatives of BCRMF such managed principally by the communities as the vigorous pursuance of the and stakeholders to highlight the voluntary agreements and pollution importance of people and communities management appraisals and audits. as primary agents of conservation. The existing multi-agency pollution monitoring team will be revived and The establishment of the strengthened; capacity will be network of protected and conservation developed among its members to areas will be preceded and/or effectively monitor mitigating measures complemented with sound scientific by industries. The services of the researches, establishment of databases Batangas Environment Laboratory will and IEC campaigns. Biodiversity be maximized in conducting water erosion continues because knowledge quality monitoring and evaluation remains very limited. More importantly, surveys in the three bays and among we underestimate the risks associated pollution point sources. A quick with the loss of ecosystems’ potential response system will mobilize the and their capacity to adapt, so that participation of industries, academe, research must continue to focus on the local governments, civil society and identification, inventory and assessment media in promptly responding and of critical habitats and ecosystems. The undertaking mitigating measures to depleting marine biodiversity demands pollution related events such oil spills. urgent attention towards increasing The establishment of environmental awareness and improving capabilities to guarantee fund from industries and carry out conservation effectively. This development projects will be pursued to necessitates the development and ensure sufficient funds for rehabilitation updating of a data base and resource and recovery of areas damaged by center as well as the production and industrial and commercial activities. distribution of IEC materials to increase public awareness and participation.

Habitat Restoration and This action program recognizes that while marine conservation and Management protected areas is an important strategy for effective biodiversity conservation, This action program will ensure on its own, it is not sufficient. It must be rehabilitation, protection, and complimented with ecologically management of the ecologically sustainable management in the important habitat and ecosystems of the communities outside the protected three bay-regions in the province such areas. as mangroves, wetlands, estuarine, rivers, seagrass beds, and coral reefs, Rehabilitation and restoration of towards protecting biodiversity. There critical areas, i.e. rivers (especially must be a framework to put biodiversity Pansipit and Calumpang Rivers), at the center stage of human activities mangroves, and degraded lands, will be on the basis of key elements, most initiated, including the establishment important of which are people, science and/or designation of green belts/buffer and regulation and laws. A network of areas and urban waterfront reserves. protected and/or conservation areas Many of the rivers in Batangas today among these life-support systems will hardly sustain aquatic life. Considering be established consistent with the that livelihood in many local settlements requirements and provisions of RA or revolves around rivers, rehabilitating this the NIPAS Act. This network will be resource is very important. Common

activities include clean-up, tree planting, create an enabling environment for environmental education and awareness water management while government and water quality monitoring. and stakeholders will consider all facets of water economics in water sector planning and decision-making with due consideration of social and political Underground Water Resources constraints. This action program will be Protection and Management implemented on the premise that successful groundwater management This action program adopts a requires data, technical capacity and a two-pronged approach to underground high degree of supporting social water conservation by focusing on both consensus. supply and demand management. On the supply side, reforestation, establishment of urban farms and Fisheries Protection and gardens, tapping of substitute water sources aside from ground and surface Management (i.e. rainwater) for industrial uses, and similar initiatives will be promoted. Fishing is a mainstay of the provincial economy and concerns have On the demand side, water use been expressed regarding possible will be rationalized using a combination population depletion from fishing of regulatory and market-based pressure especially in the case of instruments. The evaluation of the populations in over-fished status. This scarcity value of water is important action program is therefore forwarded to given that current prices reflect short- contribute to the province’s food security term pumping capacity, not the longer- by ensuring sustainable stock of marine term sustainability of extraction rates. and freshwater fish species. Illegal and Water demand management is a key to destructive forms of fishing will be conservation and sustainability because adequately addressed by mobilizing it considers the priority of different communities and public support in users. marine law enforcement. Knowledge of local environmental conditions, fishing The lack of information and pattern and community norm and understanding regarding groundwater structure significantly contributes to dynamics presents a major challenge in effective marine law enforcement by the developing an effective water community. The mobilization of management program. The challenge is fishermen to constitute the Bantay as much social as technical hence an Dagat (Sea Patrol) to support national responsive and widespread IEC agencies and LGUs in enforcement is campaign is vital. Without both data consistent with the principle that primary and a shared understanding of the resource users should also be the problems, the social consensus needed rightful managers of their resource. to implement decisions is difficult to Funding, logistic support and capacity- generate. A water forum to share building activities will be provided to concepts, research, technologies and fisherfolks so they can assert and gain experiences could provide a venue for rightful management and control over both providers and users of water to their coastal resources. meet. Water districts and related institutions/agencies will develop Scientific investigations on the awareness and educational programs to status of fisheries will be undertaken to

facilitate an informed policy decision- and existence of experienced NGO making process relative to protection as partners. well as utilization of fishery resources, pursuant to RA 8550 or the Fisheries Structure of the Plan Code of 1998. Many scientific questions about the coastal marine ecosystem This Strategic Environmental remain unanswered and basic physical Management Plan (SEMP) has five characteristics of the marine ecosystem, major but interrelated action programs, especially as they relate to fisheries are namely: (a) Institutional Development poorly known. These implies the need and Integrated Planning Systems, (b) for individual and collaborative research Waste Management (Solid Wastes and that improves marine resource Industrial and Agricultural Wastes), (c) assessment and management practices. Habitat Restoration and Management,

(d) Water Resources Protection and Coastal marine-based and Management, and (e) Fisheries freshwater-based enterprises and Protection and Management. Each livelihood and eco-tourism development action program has a specific goal, will likewise be promoted. Rural objectives, component strategies, and a households must not be perceived as mechanism for its implementation. The stagnant entities but as dynamic first action program on institutional decision-making unit. However, the lack mechanisms and sustainability supports, of local alternatives to fishing adds to and thus cut across the four other action the exploitation of marine resources programs. While the latter four are the above the level that would occur if direct interventions, all the five major alternative livelihood and income action programs directly correspond to sources are available. To build new the five objectives of this SEMP, and options for fishing families to pursue shall thereby address the identified sustainable livelihood, participatory major issues and concerns relative to assessment of community attributes and the integrated sustainable management needs is needed coupled with capacity- of the province’s bay-regions. building and skills development.

Likewise, critical support includes strong community leadership, adequate provision of credit and technical services

Action Program Strategies

Below are component specific strategies within each of the identified action programs.

Action Program 1 INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND INTEGRATED PLANNING SYSTEMS

Program Goal: To establish a multi-stakeholder institutional mechanism that will to ensure collective, responsive and pro-active actions towards sustainable environmental management of the province’s bay-regions.

Objectives:

To establish by 2005 a three-tiered multi-stakeholder structure that will supervise, coordinate, and mobilize participation among communities, organizations, and agencies towards implementing the SEMP.

To enhance policy directions, integrate planning systems, and harmonize plans and programs at different levels within the province.

To improve capacities and capabilities among ICM practitioners and community participants and encourage information sharing that will ensure good governance.

Component Action Strategies

A. Institutional Development

1. Adopt within 2005 an ordinance that will establish a multi-stakeholder Batangas Environmental Protection Council (BEPC), the Balayan and Adjacent Bays ICM Board, Tayabas and Adjacent Bays ICM Board, and amend Provincial Ordinance No. 96-01 thereby converting the Batangas Bay Environmental Protection Council into a Batangas Bay ICM Board, and ensure their establishment and operation from 2005 onwards. A copy of the ordinance is given in Annex 3 which expounds on the duties, responsibilities and functions of the BEPC and the three bay region boards as well as their composition

2. Enjoin cities and municipalities to either establish by 2006 their respective ICM Councils or mobilize their local development councils to act as their ICM Council and ensure their establishment and operation from 2006 onwards. This will be done through complementary local ordinances through complementary local ordinances consistent with the Provincial Ordinance given in Annex 3.

3. Establish by 2005 a Technical Experts/Working Groups that will assist the BEPC and the bay-region boards in their policy-making, program/project implementation, monitoring and evaluation functions, and provide technical assistance to the city/municipal LGUs. The composition of the TEG/TWG for the BEPC and for each bay region board is also provided in the Provincial Ordinance in Annex 3.

Action Program 1 INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND INTEGRATED PLANNING SYSTEMS

B. Integrated Planning Systems

1. Update and implement the provincial development framework plan by 2005 integrating provincial land and water use plans and ICM concerns, through the Provincial Land Use Committee and the Provincial Development Council, convened by the Provincial Planning and Development Office.

2. Update by 2005 and implement the Batangas Bay SEMP and the Balayan and Adjacent Bays ICM Plan taking the general directions of the SEMP and formulate, adopt and implement a Tayabas and Adjacent Bays ICM Plan in the same year, also taking the directions of the SEMP.

3. Update city/municipal development plans integrating land and water use plans and ICM concerns consistent with the directions taken by the Provincial Development Framework Plan.

4. Formulate a Provincial Environmental Code from 2006 to 2007 and City/Municipal Environmental Codes from 2008 to 2010. The Code should constitute modernized, broadened and tightened environmental legislation aimed at promoting sustainable development in the province and in the municipalities. The different environmental acts and legislations will be amalgamated into the Code and areas of application are directly linked to ICM efforts in the province.

5. Evaluation of plans and re-planning will be undertaken to review experiences and generate lessons from the preceding years of implementation that can be fed back into the succeeding years. The periodic monitoring and evaluation will serve as opportunities to review and if necessary, modify the existing plans to make them more responsive to the conditions and needs of particular areas or communities.

C. Capacity Building

1. Strengthen the Batangas ICM Training Center by 2005 and provide the training needs of national and local ICM practitioners from 2005 and onwards. This will require the (a) production of training modules that use the experiences of ICM in Batangas, (b) pooling a critical mass of local experts from LGUs, private sector and the academe to serve as trainees and resource persons, and (c) coming up with policies and guidelines on the provision of training exercises for clients taking into consideration administrative, logistic and financial viability.

2. Maintain and regularly update the provincial ICM website and develop bay-region specific and city/municipal specific ICM/ICM websites. PG-ENRO has already developed a website called the batangas coastal link and has already uploaded some basic information about ICM in Batangas but there is still a need to maintain the site as more information is generated from experience. PG-ENRO will assist the municipalities to develop their websites for fast and easy sharing of information online.

3. Manage and regularly update environmental and ICM-related data and information using the Integrated Information Management Systems (IIMS) and encourage

Action Program 1 INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND INTEGRATED PLANNING SYSTEMS information sharing among ICM practitioners and partners. The IIMS combines

baseline information on ecology, socio-economic characteristics, geography and legal and institutional arrangements, with environmental quality information. By incorporating database into a GIS and linking the system to basic management software packages, Batangas will have a facility that enables effective planning, management and evaluation functions.

4. Establish sustainable financing schemes that will support activities of this SEMP.

5. Conduct ICEC activities to capacitate ICM practitioners and partners maximize partnership with media to ensure timely dissemination of issues and concerns and encourage active collaboration.

Implementation Mechanism

Upon its creation, the Batangas Environmental Protection Council (BEPC) supported by the bay-region boards shall supervise and coordinate, monitor and evaluate the implementation of this SEMP’s action programs. The PG-ENRO shall provide the secretariat support to the BEPC and to the bay-region boards. The BEPC and the bay- region boards, however, may call on any national government agency, provincial government department/office, civil society, private business, academe, or media, to assist in and/or spearhead the implementation on any component of this action program.

Also, the said Council and boards shall provide policy directions and/or recommend to the appropriate authorities, policies relative to the sustainable environmental management of the bay regions, and the province in general. In cases where issues and concerns are shared between two or more municipalities, the bay- region board shall ensure the cooperation and collaboration between and among these municipalities, or in case the said issues or concerns is shared between two bay-regions and/or between municipalities belonging to different bay-regions, the BEPC is responsible in ensuring cooperation and collaboration. The BEPC and the bay-region boards shall mobilize funding resources to support the initiatives of the city/municipal LGUs, the private sector, the civil society, national government agencies, or provincial government departments/ offices in pursuing activities aligned with this SEMP,

The BEPC shall have a Technical Experts Group chaired by the academe while the bay-region boards shall each have a Technical Working Group (TWG) chaired by the provincial government office in-charge of the dominant sector in the bay region. Both groups are composed of relevant national government agencies, provincial government departments/offices, civil society, private business, academe, and media that will assist the BEPC and the bay-region boards in their policy making, program/project implementation, monitoring and evaluation functions, and provide technical assistance to the city/municipal LGUs.

Action Program 2 WASTE MANAGEMENT

Program Goal

To strengthen the management of municipal solid wastes and industrial and agricultural wastes, thereby minimizing pollution impacts on coastal and marine waters

Objectives

1. To develop an effective community-based municipal solid waste collection and disposal system for households that integrates the practice of waste segregation, recycling/material recovery and sanitary disposal.

2. To mobilize the local government units and the communities as active partners of industries and agribusiness operators in the management of industrial and agricultural wastes

Component Action Strategies

A. Municipal Solid Waste Management

This component aims to develop and provide an effective municipal solid waste collection and disposal system by involving the active participation of the community and their support to local government efforts. It supports the effective implementation of the Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003) through the Provincial Solid Waste Management Board and the City/Municipal Solid Waste Management Board. This component highlights the importance of (1) adequate information, communication, education and capacity- building, (2) segregation, recycling and material recovery from wastes and (3) proper and sanitary disposal of wastes. The strategies are:

1. Reconstitute by 2005 the Provincial Solid Waste Management Board and the City/Municipal Solid Waste Management Board and develop ten-year SWM plans. For LGUs who have already drafted their SWM plan, a review towards improvement and refinement is suggested. The plan should be comprehensive and should reflect the consensus of stakeholders and can be carried out at the barangay level. It should reflect the LGUs’ responsibility for the collection of non- biodegradable and special wastes and the barangays’ responsibility of segregating and collecting biodegradable, compostable and usable wastes. The commitment of government, business and civil society to institute better means of handling garbage must be highlighted in the plans.

2. Conduct information, communication, education and capacity-building (ICEC) activities starting 2005 and onwards to 2020, that will mobilize households and communities in the proper segregation, recycling and disposal of wastes. Information, communication and education campaigns will increase the awareness level of different sectors such as the youth, women, local leaders and other relevant sectors. Activities include:

a. preparation, reproduction and distribution of information materials to households,

Action Program 2 WASTE MANAGEMENT

b. putting up of posters and billboards in strategic locations around the communities, c. utilizing the schools as venue for regular discussion and forum on solid waste management issues, d. conduct of formal and informal training and capacity-building activities for women, beach operators, government agencies, academe and other relevant sectors by the LGUs in coordination with the ICM Training Center in Batangas. Topics shall include (i) relevant provisions of the Solid Waste Management Act or RA 9003, (ii) basic principles of solid waste management, (iii) waste segregation, (iv) composting as a strategy to manage biodegradable wastes, (v) recycling and material recovery as livelihood opportunities for households and schools, and (vi) lifestyle check/analysis to map out/identify regular household needs and practices that contribute to solid waste production e. promotion of innovative schemes that will help minimize accumulation of wastes: “pera sa basura”, recycling and linkages to buyers of recycled materials, assistance to organization of junkshop operators, composting, bio-digesting and organic farming, f. mobilizing the community to participate in various SWM efforts such as regular coastal and river clean-ups, intensified “clean and green” projects and school-based solid waste management programs.

3. Establish and develop material recovery facilities (MRFs) in both barangay and municipal levels, starting 2005 until 2010. MRFs should include a solid waste transfer or sorting station. Drop-off center and compost and recycling facilities.

a. Barangay/villages will designate eco-aides or biomen to facilitate the proper collection of wastes from households for deposit at the village- designated MRFs where further segregation for recyclables can be done. b. Barangay MRFs, through the Barangay Solid Waste Management Board will establish a collection fee system to ensure the sustainability of operation of the MRFs. Some barangays have already imposed garbage collection fees to households but most of these have been set arbitrarily. Other barangays can build from these, taking into considerations, cost recovery, accountability and proper management of fund. PG-ENRO will assist the municipalities in capability-building activities towards development and operation of MRFs, including management of finances. c. Waste collection by the city/municipal government will be done following the collection of solid wastes by the barangay from the households. Thereafter, the solid wastes will be delivered to the municipal dumpsites for further management. The municipal dumpsites will provide for an MRF where wastes not managed properly at the barangay MRFs can still be subjected for further material recovery.

4. Establish and develop city/municipal sanitary land-fills and/or controlled dumpsites for disposal of wastes remaining at the MRFs. By 2010, all coastal municipalities have shifted from open dumps to sanitary landfills or controlled dumpsites. Likewise, all inland municipalities should have done the same by 2020. Article 6 of RA 9003 states that “no open dumpsites should be established and operated nor any practice or disposal of solid waste by any reason including LGUs which constitutes the use of open dumps for solid wastes

Action Program 2 WASTE MANAGEMENT

be allowed.” PG-ENRO will assist LGUs in:

a. conduct of consultation with different sectors to generate views and suggestions on locating the acceptable area where landfill/dumpsite will be established and what to do the current open dump

b. identification of potential private sector partners who could provide technical and financial complements to LGU capability and resources through arrangements mutually developed by all the parties/partners

c. formulation of an implementation plan and development of a sanitary landfill project

B. Industrial and Agricultural Wastes Management

This component aims to develop an effective partnership based on the principle of shared responsibility among the industries and agribusiness operators, the LGUs and the communities in managing industrial and agricultural wastes. The strategies are:

1. Strengthen community and LGU participation in the EIA system within 2005- 2006. The devolution of some of the EIA functions by DENR to PG-ENRO by virtue of a special memorandum of understanding signed in February 1999 will be pursued vigorously by involving the concerned city/municipality and the barangay(s) in the EIA process for new and existing industries and agribusiness projects. The implementation of EIA-related functions is a key area of interest as a consequence of the enactment of the Local Government Code.

2. Expand the membership of the BCRMF in both Balayan and Adjacent Bays Region and Tayabas and Adjacent Bays Region, and build on the initiatives of BCRMF as the industry partner in ICM. The voluntary agreements among industries, local government units and national government agencies to reduce hazardous and industrial wastes as well as their commitment to police each other to ensure compliance with RA 6969 will be continued and monitored more religiously. Success stories of industries that have undergone pollution management appraisals will be documented and disseminated so that other industries will be encouraged to follow suit. In this regard, the pollution management appraisal team, with the guidance of BCRMF, will be reconstituted to lead the conduct of pollution audit and appraisals among industries in the province.

3. Revive and strengthen starting 2005 and continuously thereafter the existing multi-agency pollution monitoring team and build capacity among its members to effectively monitor mitigating measures by industries. A pollution monitoring team headed by PG-ENRO and composed of representatives for PCG, industries, academe in the BBR was formed and conducted regular monitoring surveys in predetermined sampling sites in Batangas Bay and . A similar team will be formed for BABR and TABR. Capability-building activities will be provided to the members of the team to effectively carry out joint efforts in monitoring environmental changes.

4. Maximize the services of the Batangas Environment Laboratory in conducting water quality monitoring and evaluation surveys in the three bays and

Action Program 2 WASTE MANAGEMENT

among pollution point sources. The capacity of the laboratory has been strengthened by additional laboratory equipment from a grant facilitated by the Department of Energy. PG-ENRO will replicate the water quality analysis being conducted in Batangas Bay in Balayan and Tayabas bays. Potential industries will be identified in the two bay regions as partners of PG-ENRO in doing laboratory analysis of samples for quality assurance and inter-laboratory calibration.

5. Mobilize industries, academe, local governments, civil society and media towards active participation in a Quick Response System that can promptly respond and undertake mitigating measures to pollution related events, i.e. oil spill, red tide, etc. starting 2006. This strengthens and widens the participation to the Oil Spill Contingency Response System normally carried out for oil spill incidents by the Philippine Coast Guard, the oil industries and LGUs.

6. Formulate by 2006 policies that would establish environmental guarantee fund from among industries and development projects to ensure sufficient funds for rehabilitation and recovery of areas damaged by industrial and commercial activities. A guideline will be developed stipulating the (a) types and nature of activities that will be required to post bonds for the likely damage that they will cause, (b) the uses of the funds that will be collected and (c) the responsible agency/institution to manage the fund.

Implementation Mechanism

Under the supervision, coordination, and policy direction by the Batangas Environmental Protection Council (BEPC) and the respective bay-region boards, and in close coordination with the Provincial Solid Waste Management Board, the implementation of the SWM action program will be spearheaded by the respective city/municipal LGUs in collaboration with the relevant national and provincial agencies, (DENR, PG-ENRO, OPA and PCG), civil society, private business, and the academe. The same holds true with regards to the implementation of the action program on industrial and agricultural wastes, except that close coordination will be made with BCRMF. In cases where activities are shared between two or more municipalities, the bay-region board will ensure the cooperation and collaboration between and among these municipalities, or in case the said activities are shared between bay-regions or between municipalities belonging to different bay-regions, the BEPC is responsible in ensuring cooperation and collaboration. The BEPC and the bay-region boards will likewise mobilize funding resources to support the initiatives of the city/municipal LGUs, in this regard.

The Technical Experts Group (TWG) under the BEPC, supported by the respective TWGs of the bay-region boards will provide technical assistance to the city/municipal LGUs during inception, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation stages. Task Forces may likewise be created within these TWGs chaired by the PG- ENRO and MENROs in the respective LGUs, and principally composed of relevant national and provincial government offices/departments, the academe, private sector, and the civil society, to ensure meaningful implementation of this action program.

Action Program 3 HABITAT RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT

Program Goal: To restore and manage the terrestrial, coastal marine and freshwater habitat and ecosystems of the province and conserve its biodiversity for the benefit of its present as well as the future population.

Objectives:

1. To establish a network of marine and terrestrial protected/conservation areas among the three bay-regions.

2. To rehabilitate and manage the province’s degraded river and other ecosystems.

3. To establish green belts/buffer areas and urban waterfront reserves.

Component Action Strategies

A. Protected Area Management

1. Identify, conduct inventory and assess critical habitats and ecosystems (seagrass, coral reefs, mangrove, wetlands, forests, rivers) through participatory and scientific techniques.

2. Mobilize communities as active partners in protected area management.

3. Design a province-wide and bay region-wide network/system of protected and conservation areas, inclusive of a biodiversity and habitat monitoring system

4. Establish marine and terrestrial protected/conservation areas through ordinance(s) and manage the same through community partnership and sustainable financing.

5. Develop and regularly update a data base on the network of protected/ conservation area through a habitat assessment and resource monitoring system.

6. Develop IEC materials to increase public awareness and participation in the protection and management of the network of protected/conservation areas.

The active participation of HEIs, NGOs and people’s organizations is highlighted in this strategy. There are already initial efforts done by the academe/HEIs in the area of identification, inventory and assessment as well as in database development but these are focused only on limited sites. There is a need to expand the efforts in critical areas in the three bay regions. Likewise, NGOs have started organizing communities in selected coastal municipalities and this effort should be replicated in more coastal communities. The preceding activities will serve as starting point for the design of a province-wide and bay region-wide network of protected and conservation areas.

Action Program 3 HABITAT RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT

B. Rehabilitation of Degraded Habitats and Ecosystems

1. Identify, conduct inventory and assess degraded habitats and ecosystems, especially river systems.

2. Design and implement a “Sagip Ilog” initiative among prioritized rivers (i.e. Calumpang River, Pansipit River, Benanbang River, etc) that may include: river clean-up, removal of silt, monitoring of water quality, regulation of waste dumping through ordinances, riverside tree planting, awareness campaign on the importance of the river system, etc.

3. Conduct mangrove re-planting and restoration of degraded lands.

There are some existing records on the status of critical rivers in Batangas but these are in possession of various institutions and individuals working in separate capacities and objectives. There is a need to pool these documents together and update the database especially for river systems. Likewise, river rehabilitation activities and mangrove planting are carried out by industries, HEIs and civic organizations on their own; coverage and impact will be more significant if these efforts are coordinated with each other.

C. Urban Greenbelts and Water Front Reserves

1. Identify, conduct, inventory, and assess potential urban greenbelt areas and waterfront reserves.

2. Establish urban greenbelt areas and waterfront reserves through ordinances.

3. Enhance and manage urban greenbelt areas and waterfront reserves through community partnerships.

The cooperation and active participation of industries, beach resorts and water- based tourism entities along the three bays will be harnessed to the fullest in the establishment and management of urban greenbelts and waterfront reserves.

Implementation Mechanism

Under the supervision, coordination, and policy direction by the Batangas Environmental Protection Council (BEPC) and the respective bay-region boards, the implementation of this action program shall be spearheaded by the respective city/municipal LGUs in collaboration with the relevant national and provincial agencies, civil society, private business, and the academe, i.e. DENR, BFAR, PG-ENRO, OPA, etc. In cases where a protected area or a degraded area for rehabilitation is shared between two or more municipalities, the bay-region board shall ensure the cooperation and collaboration between and among these municipalities, or in case the said protected area or degraded area for rehabilitation is shared between bay-regions or between municipalities belonging to different bay-regions, the BEPC is responsible in ensuring cooperation and collaboration. The BEPC and the bay-region boards shall likewise mobilize funding resources to support the initiatives of the city/municipal LGUs, in this regard.

Action Program 3 HABITAT RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT

The Technical Experts Group (TEG) under the BEPC, supported by the respective TWGs of the bay-region boards shall provide technical assistance to the city/municipal LGUs during inception, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation stages. Task Forces may likewise be created within these TWGs composed principally of relevant national and provincial government offices/departments, the academe, private sector, and the civil society, to ensure meaningful implementation of this action program.

Action Program 4 WATER RESOURCES PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT

Program Goal: To protect and manage ground and surface water resources of the province’s bay-regions and maintain its current state by 2020.

Objectives:

1. To reforest and maintain 60% of the critical watersheds and strengthen through urban farming and re-greening activities 70% of the “clean and green” projects among the bay-regions by 2009.

2. To establish regulatory measures and market-based instruments that will rationalize the use of water reflecting scarcity value by 2010.

3. To enhance the knowledge and skills and improve the attitude of the communities among the bay-regions on the importance of preserving water resources and protecting the watershed through continuous information, communication, education, and capacity-building (ICEC) activities starting in 2005.

Component Action Strategies

A. Community-based Watershed Reforestation and Urban Re-greening

1. Identify by 2005 critical watersheds, i.e. Mt. Malarayat, Mt. Makulot, spring sources, and pumping stations, including urban areas for re-greening through the city/municipalities’ “clean and green” projects.

2. Establish and/or strengthen city/municipal nurseries to ensure supply of seedlings, preferably indigenous, including and barangay/village-level satellite nurseries near or within critical watershed areas starting 2005 and onwards.

3. Mobilize starting 2005 the participation of the academe through their environment centers and National Service Training Program (NSTP) of their tertiary students as core participants in tree planting and maintenance and ensure survival of trees planted.

4. Mobilize starting 2005 the industry sector and the civil society to become active partners in reforestation and forest stewardship.

The LGUs can forge partnership with schools, industries and NGOs to adopt strategic areas for re-greening and stewardship. This is a favorable proposition for the fulfillment of corporate social responsibility among industries and community extension service by schools.

B. Water Use Rationalization through Regulation and Market-Based Instruments

1. Review by 2005 the current water billing system for both residential and commercial, including water usage by industries, and evaluate scarcity value of water.

Action Program 4 WATER RESOURCES PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT

2. Conduct continuous collaborative research on water demand and supply condition, water pricing, alternative sources and water-saving technologies.

3. Formulate, adopt and implement by 2005 an ordinance requiring (or encourage with incentives) all industrial, commercial, and residential buildings to provide rainwater capture facilities for flushing, watering of plants, and cleaning.

4. Regulate extraction of underground water by imposing a water use fee on commercial and industrial use of water as early as 2006.

C. Information, Communication, Education and Capacity-Building

1. The ICEC campaign will focus on the following: (a) importance of water resources and their preservation to health, livelihood, and economy, (b) the current state of water resources, most especially in areas undergoing rapid urbanization, (c) water-saving strategies, i.e. recycling, that can be implemented, and (d) the roles of various sectors such as the LGUs, the water districts, national government agencies, private sector, and the academe in water resources protection.

2. Conduct an annual water forum starting 2005 to update various stakeholders on the state of the province’s water resources, research findings, progress on activities undertaken and actions to be taken.

3. Produce by 2005 and distribute information materials on water-saving alternatives to at least 30% of the total households starting 2005 and onwards.

4. Put up of posters and billboards among communities especially near or within critical watersheds as early as 2005.

5. Conduct school-based IEC campaign, i.e. seminars, conduct of water-related research development activities, linking with student organizations and student activities devoted to environment.

6. Conduct training on household-based water recycling and water-saving techniques especially among women starting 2006 and onwards.

Action Program 4 WATER RESOURCES PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT

Implementation Mechanism

Under the supervision, coordination, and policy direction by the Batangas Environment Protection Council (BEPC) and the respective bay-region boards, the implementation of this action program shall be spearheaded by the respective city/municipal LGUs in collaboration with the local water districts. Cities and municipalities will form and develop their respective City/Municipal Water Resources Council whose membership will come from the government and private sectors including the local government units (LGU), the local water district (WD), national government agencies (NGA), industry, and the academe, especially the higher education institutions (HEI). The local Water District, in partnership with the relevant LGU constitutes the lead agency in the implementation of activities, with support from the local agriculture office, CENR office (CENRO), industry, HEIs and NGOs.

In cases where critical watersheds are shared between two or more municipalities, the bay-region board shall ensure the cooperation and collaboration between and among these municipalities, or in case the said watershed is shared between municipalities belonging to different bay-regions, the BEPC is responsible in ensuring cooperation and collaboration. The BEPC and the bay-region boards shall likewise mobilize funding resources to support the initiatives of the city/municipal LGUs, in this regard.

The Technical Experts Group (TWG) under the BEPC, supported by the respective TWGs of the bay-region boards shall provide technical assistance to the city/municipal LGUs during inception, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation stages. Task Forces may likewise be created within these TWGs principally composed of relevant national and provincial government offices/departments, water districts, the academe, private sector, and the civil society, to ensure meaningful implementation of this action program, especially the innovative water use rationalization component.

Action Program 5 FISHERIES PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT

Program Goal: To contribute to the food security of the province by ensuring sustainable stock of marine and freshwater fish species.

Objectives:

1. To control, if not totally eliminate, all forms of illegal and destructive forms of fishing in the province’s three bay-regions.

2. To regularly assess status of fisheries in the province and formulate policies to ensure sustainable fisheries’ stock.

3. To promote coastal marine-based and freshwater-based enterprises and eco- tourism livelihood opportunities.

Component Action Strategies

A. Marine Law Enforcement

1. Establish and institutionalize by 2005 the Bantay Dagat initiatives throughout the coastal city/municipalities in the province as regular partner of the government’s marine law enforcement agencies, through an ordinance.

2. Mobilize by 2005 and strengthen from 2005 and onwards marine law enforcement agencies in the province.

3. Mobilize communities, private business, civil society, media as active partners in marine law enforcement from 2005 and onwards.

4. Access funding to provide regular incentives and logistical support to Bantay Dagat volunteers: patrol boats, allowances that would approximate Barangay Tanods, life, accident and health insurances, capacity building training, etc.

5. Develop by 2005 IEC materials to increase public awareness and participation in marine law enforcement.

B. Research, Policy, and Institutional Support

1. Conduct regular fisheries stock assessment and monitoring and other fishery related researches starting 2005.

2. Formulate by 2005, policies to ensure sustainable fisheries’ stock, i.e. open and close season, allowable fishing gears, etc. and ensure their implementation from 2005 and onwards.

3. Delineate bay-wide municipal waters consistent with the provisions of RA 8550 within 2005 and 2006.

4. Develop capacity among bay-wide integrated and municipal FARMCS as partners in fisheries protection and development.

Action Program 5 FISHERIES PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT

C. Livelihood and Enterprise Development

1. Identify, conduct inventory, and assess potential livelihood and enterprise initiatives: coastal/marine-based, freshwater-based, and eco-tourism related

2. Conduct of entrepreneurial skills development training.

3. Establish loan/grant fund that can be accessed by entrepreneurs who will engage in livelihood activities.

4. Assist establishment of coastal resource-based cooperatives.

Implementation Mechanism

Under the supervision, coordination, and policy direction by the Batangas Environmental Protection Council (BEPC) and the respective bay-region boards, the implementation of this action program shall be spearheaded by the respective city/municipal LGUs in collaboration with the relevant national and provincial agencies, civil society, private business, and the academe, i.e. BFAR, OPA, PNP, PCG, Tourism, Provincial Cooperative Development Office, etc. In cases where activities are shared between two or more municipalities, the bay-region board shall ensure the cooperation and collaboration between and among these municipalities, or in case the said activities are shared between bay-regions or between municipalities belonging to different bay-regions, the BEPC is responsible in ensuring cooperation and collaboration. The BEPC and the bay-region boards shall likewise mobilize funding resources to support the initiatives of the city/municipal LGUs, in this regard.

The Technical Working Group (TWG) under the BEPC, supported by the respective TWGs of the bay-region boards shall provide technical assistance to the city/municipal LGUs during inception, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation stages. Task Forces may likewise be created within these TWGs chaired by OPA and principally composed of relevant national and provincial government offices/departments, the academe, private sector, and the civil society, to ensure meaningful implementation of this action program.

Relationship with Other Plans Plan of the Balayan and Adjacent Bays This Strategic Environmental Region adopted and endorsed by the Management Plan directly supports the Provincial Development Council in 2004 Philippine Agenda 21 and the Philippine and (3) the soon-to-be formulated ICM National Development Plan by adopting Plan of the Tayabas and Adjacent Bays and utilizing an ecosystem, community- Region. A summary of the SEMP-BBR centered and multi-sectoral approach in and the ICM Plan of BABR is given in the management of natural resources; Annex 2a and Annex 2b. enhancing the institutional capability for ecosystem management of all partners It is expected that this SEMP, in sustainable development; ensuring while complementing the Provincial multi-stakeholder participation in Development Plan and the Provincial planning and management of the Physical Framework Plan, will provide environment and natural resources; and the overall framework in the sustainable empowering and enhancing management of the three bay regions in communities, civil society and labor as the province, under the supervision of sustainable development partners of the Batangas Environmental Protection government in the strict monitoring, Council. The bay region-specific compliance and enforcement of environmental management and/or environmental laws. integrated coastal management plans to be implemented and/or currently At the provincial level, it is implemented by the concerned agencies envisioned that this SEMP will be and institutions under the supervision integrated into the Provincial Physical and management of their respective bay Framework Plan and the Provincial region boards, will complement and/or Development Plan, both of which are be aligned with this SEMP. currently being updated. Meanwhile, there are three important plans to which Within each action program of this this SEMP will be directly interacting SEMP are the identified strategic with: (1) the 25-year Strategic actions to be implemented by concerned Environmental Management Plan for the agencies and institutions across the Batangas Bay Region (SEMP-BBR) three bay regions, unless specified formulated in 1996, (2) the 20-year therein as bay region-specific or Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) city/municipal-specific. There may, however, be existing or planned bay region specific programs or projects, as defined by the respective bay region

plans, which already correspond to the Through an ordinance (Annex 3), strategic actions as defined by this Plan, an apex multi-sectoral body called the and are thus anticipated to be BEPC shall be organized at the continuously implemented. Otherwise, it provincial level, headed by the is the responsibility of the BEPC and the Provincial Governor, and composed of concerned bay region board to ensure the chairs of the three bay regions and that the bay region specific strategic representatives from relevant actions are carried on. This SEMP is stakeholders. The BEPC will be designed as well to fill-up gaps that presided by the Governor while the were later on realized after the PG-ENRO will provide the secretariat formulation of the respective bay region- support as well technical and specific environmental management or administrative backstopping. Aside from ICM plans. Further, this SEMP will also providing overall provincial guide the formulation of future related environmental management directions, plans in any of the bay regions. the BEPC will also facilitate information sharing among the said three bay On the other hand, since the Taal regions. Volcano Protected Landscape is separately managed through a PAMB A Technical Experts Group (TEG), created by virtue of the NIPAS Act, chaired by the academe, and composed efforts shall be made to ensure of relevant government and non- coordination and complementation of government agencies, organizations, the SEMP with that of the protected and institutions, will be organized to landscape’s protection and development provide technical support to the BEPC. plan. The agency-members of the TEG will directly and jointly implement the action strategies and/or programs and projects Organization and Management of this SEMP. The BEPC may also call Arrangements upon any instrumentalities, outside of the TEG, to implement parts of this SEMP, as needed. However, the TEG The implementation of this SEMP provides the focal point for coordination will be guided by the principles of multi- by all those who are involved in the sectoral and participatory management. implementation of this SEMP. As stated, this Plan’s mission is “to mobilize and strengthen the capability Through the same provincial and partnerships among the local ordinance, a Balayan and Adjacent government units, national government Bays ICM Board (BAB-ICMB) and a agencies, private sectors, non- Tayabas and Adjacent Bays ICM Board government organizations, volunteer (TAB-ICMB) will be created, while the groups, social organizations and coastal existing Batangas Bay Region community organizations and residents Environmental Protection Council (BBR- for integrated management.” EPC) shall be converted into a Partnerships will be pursued, while at Batangas Bay ICM Board (BB-ICMB). the same time, the capacity and The bay region ICM Boards will be capability of stakeholders are being composed of the city/municipal mayors strengthened so that the stakeholders of the city/municipalities covered by the themselves are able to contribute said bay region, as well representatives significantly to the implementation of this of the various stakeholders in the bay SEMP. This will ensure a high degree of success in plan implementation . regions. Each ICM Board will be chaired by one of the mayors, elected

by the members for a term of one year. support to these Boards. These The MENRO/MPDC of the mayor Councils, to be composed of as many elected as chair will serve as secretariat. but manageable number of representatives from various The ICM Boards will provide inter- stakeholders, will be responsible in municipal, and multi-sectoral policy ensuring implementation of ICM direction, coordination and integration in initiatives at the municipal level. accordance with their environmental management or ICM plan, as aligned Consequently, the Provincial with this SEMP. The bay region boards Government of Batangas, through the will refer to the provincial BEPC, matters Batangas Environmental Protection requiring the latter’s policy and Council (BEPC) and the bay region guidance. Also, it will farm out boards, the concerned city/municipal programs and projects, but retain local government units, national and implementation policies, programs and provincial government agencies, as well projects that are appropriate at the level as the organized civil society, private of the bay region. A Technical Working business, academe, and people’s Group, composed of relevant organizations, will be the main executing government and non-government units of this SEMP. The Local Chief agencies, organizations and/or Executives together with their respective institutions, operating in the specific bay environmental management offices, region will provide technical support to planning offices, agricultural offices the board. The provincial government (where the fisheries sector is lodged in), agency in charge of the sector most and the Sangguniang Bayan , especially dominant in the bay region will chair the the chairmen on environment, will play technical working group. major roles in spearheading the various area-specific programs, projects, and At the city/municipal level, ICM activities stated herein. Councils (ICMCs) will be created and will be chaired by the concerned Mayor. The organization and management The City/Municipal Environment and arrangement is shown schematically in Natural Resources Officers the proposed three-tiered organizational (C/MENROs), or if there is no structure in Figure 2. C/MENRO, the City/Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator (C/MPDC), will provide the secretariat

Figure 2. Proposed Three-Tiered Multisectoral Organizational Structure

Provincial Dev’t Council Batangas Environmental Protection Council ------Chairman: Provincial Governor Sangguniang Panlalawiga n

Secretariat: PG-ENRO

Technical Experts

Batangay Bay Balayan Bay Tayabas Bay ICM Board ICM Board ICM Board

Secretariat: MPDC/MENRO

City/Municipal ICM Municipal Development Council ------Council Chairman: Mayor Sangguniang Bayan Secretariat: MENRO/MPDC

Implementation Schedule Under the integrated planning strategy, the integration of the The implementation of this provincial land and water use SEMP covers a 15-year period from plans into the provincial 2005 to 2020. The SEMP only provides development framework plan will the overall framework, since it is be facilitated in the first year as expected that the respective bay region- well as the updating and specific environmental management or formulation of the bay region ICM plans will be implemented as well, plans. The city/municipal which will eventually contribute to the development plans will take three overall attainment of this SEMP’s goals years starting 2006 depending on and objectives. the readiness and capability of municipalities. The formulation of The first year is basically the Provincial Environmental Code focused on organizing multi-stakeholder will take two years starting 2006, participation in plan implementation, although some preliminary establishing baseline information and research inputs have already been management systems, detailed design gathered by PG-ENRO. The of programs and projects, and initial formulation of City/Municipal implementation of some programs and Environmental Code will projects. The next five years to fifteen immediately follow the years will build on what have been put in development of the Provincial place during the first year. The activities Code and will take three years, will include full implementation by which is a relatively shorter target various stakeholders of the programs period since inputs from the and projects designed during the first experiences of the Provincial Code phase, activating and strengthening the will surely be most helpful. An information and management systems, evaluation of all plans made at and continuous policy development and various levels will be done at implementation oversight by the three- regular intervals in 2010, 2015 and tiered management bodies. The 2020 and the results will be fed detailed implementation schedule for into improvement and modification each action program is discussed below of the plans based on the and is provided for each activity in the experiences of the previous years. implementation summary matrix. Capacity-building activities such as 1. Institutional Development and the strengthening of the Batangas Integrated Planning ICM Center, updating of the Provincial ICM website, Under the institutional management and maintenance of development strategy, the first the IIMS and the conduct of ICEC year (2005) will be devoted to activities are continuing activities securing the legal mandate for the from 2005 to 2020. BEPC and the formation of the three bay-region boards. The 2. Waste Management city/municipal ICM councils will be formed in the second year (2006). Solid waste management action Operation of these institutions will programs will start in 2005 with the continue until 2020 and beyond. reconstitution of the SWM Board to prepare and improve the SWM plans at the provincial, city/municipal and

barangay levels. At the same time, the fund is expected to continue until massive multimedia IEC will be 2020 and onwards. conducted continuously until 2020. Material recovery facilities will be established in both municipalities 3. Habitat Restoration and and barangays starting 2005 and Management onwards until 2020. Currently, some municipalities have already All strategies under this action established their MRFs in program require the conduct of compliance with the provisions of RA research focusing on identification, 9003 but the majority are still in the inventory and assessment which are process of looking for suitable sites. planned on the first two years Likewise, the choice of site and covering 2005 to 2006. Community establishment of controlled mobilization will also be done in the dumpsites and sanitary landfills will first two years while management, start as early as 2005 and will conservation and rehabilitation continue until 2020 depending on activities will follow thereafter, the pacing of the LGUs in locating a including river rehabilitation projects, site and in forging partnership with mangrove replanting and investors and funding institutions. enhancement/management of urban greenbelt areas and waterfront Under the strategy on industrial and reserves. agricultural waste management, programs, strategies and policies Database management and ICEC that will strengthen community and for public awareness and LGU participation in the EIA system participation are continuing activities will be developed in the first two starting as early as 2005 until 2020. years. There is already an existing MOA between DENR and PG-ENRO 4. Water Resources Protection and devolving some of the EIA functions Management to the Provincial Government of Batangas that can be concretized by Under the strategy on community- designing detailed strategies and based watershed reforestation and corresponding policy support. At the urban greening, the first year will be same time, the existing multisectoral devoted to identification of critical monitoring team will be reconstituted watersheds and the formulation of as early as 2005 to conduct regular reforestation and forest stewardship monitoring of water quality at various program. Continuing activities predetermined pollution point starting as early as 2005 and sources. By 2006, the Batangas onwards to 2020 consist of Environment Laboratory will expand establishment and strengthening of its services to cover the three bays municipal nurseries to ensure supply and rivers and will continue to do of seedlings and the mobilization of regular water sampling and analysis communities, academe, industry until 2020. Likewise, a Quick sector and civil society to become Response System will be organized partners in reforestation/urban in 2006 to respond to oil spills and greening and partnership. pollution-related events. A process to create an Under water use rationalization environmental guarantee fund will be strategy, the first year will be started in 2006 and the operation of devoted to doing research to

evaluate the scarcity value of water development and distribution of IEC and formulating and adopting a materials is a continuing activity to provincial ordinance that will increase public awareness and regulate extraction of underground participation in marine law water. Continuing activities include enforcement. collaborative research on water demand and supply conditions, Throughout the project time frame, pricing and alternative sources and research, policy-making, capacity- promising technologies. building and the holding of annual Implementation of the provisions of fisher folks forum will be carried out. the ordinance will immediately follow The bay wide municipal waters will its adoption after a year of be delineated consistent with the preparation. provisions of RA 8550 in the first two years to minimize multiple use The conduct of a water forum will be conflicts as early as possible. an annual activity while the production and distribution of IEC The strategy on livelihood and materials will be done continuously. enterprise development will The academe will be tapped as an commence with the identification, IEC medium on the second year. inventory and assessment of Likewise, the conduct of training on potential livelihood and enterprise household-based water recycling alternatives in 2005. This will be and water-saving techniques followed in 2006 by the conduct of especially among women will also continuous entrepreneurial skills and commence on the second year. development training and the establishment of a fund for 5. Fisheries Protection and extending loans and financial Management assistance to fisher folks engaged in livelihood projects. The Under the strategy on marine law establishment of coastal resource- enforcement, the formulation and based cooperatives will be started in adoption of an ordinance that will 2006 and by 2020, it is expected that establish and strengthen Bantay all fishing communities have bound Dagat initiatives will be done as themselves together towards early as 2005. Getting access to cooperative undertaking and self- funding to provide regular incentives help activities. and logistic support to the Bantay Dagat team will be done at the same time and will be a continuing activity Monitoring and Evaluation until 2020. Likewise, marine law enforcement agencies will be The monitoring and evaluation of mobilized in 2005 to strengthen the SEMP implementation will be the enforcement continuously until 2020 main responsibility of the Secretariat of and onwards. Communities will be the Councils/Boards. For this SEMP, a mobilized as early as 2005 including private business, civil society and detailed plan implementation monitoring media to be active partners in and evaluation (M&E) system will be marine law enforcement. Currently, formulated during the inception stage. this kind of partnership is in infancy The M&E system will establish specific in some coastal communities in the measurable environmental management Balayan Bay Region. The indicators reflective of the distinct

characteristics of the action programs’ post evaluation will be conducted. A strategic activities. midterm evaluation is necessary to review the activities, evaluate their A preliminary list of the expected results, assess their impacts and make outputs or success indicators is recommendations on measures for provided in the implementation improvement and extension of summary matrix. Most of these are demonstrable experience. On the other quantitative indicators are output-biased hand, the objective of the ex-post but they also allow for on-going learning, evaluation is to look into the outcomes correction and adjustment by all parties or impact of SEMP implementation in concerned. Other indicators require the both environmental and the socio- generation of documents, plans and economic conditions in the area, as well proceedings as proof of activities as the performance of the different undertaken and their corresponding multi-stakeholder arrangements, and the results and output. effectiveness and sustainability of the SEMP implementation strategies, In addition, the M&E system approaches, processes and techniques. will (a) provide reporting formats, Both midterm and ex-post evaluation including the frequency of its generation results, among others, will be the bases and submission to appropriate units for re-planning. such as the provincial BEPC, the bay region boards, and the city/municipal Indicators for the midterm and ex- ICM Councils; (b) establish and maintain post evaluation can be categorized into data base and information feedback five major categories – state, pressure, system for effective integrated process, sustainability and impact management of the area’s coastal indicators (Annex 4). State indicators marine and terrestrial resources; (c) consist of three components; identify problems affecting SEMP physical/environmental state indicators, implementation and the formulation of economic state indicators, and local recommended solutions for appropriate governance/political state indicators. action by the management bodies and Process indicators are assessed in chief executives of the province and the terms of preparation for program municipalities; and (d) develop a sub- implementation, initiation of ICM system for the effective information flow activities, and development of ICM in the implementation of this SEMP. program. Response indicators are more focused on the extent of adoption and All these M&E related functions implementation of plans formulated. will be carried out by the respective Sustainability indicators emphasize secretariats in close coordination and more on perception and behavior collaboration with all key actors, such as changes among stakeholders, the LGUs, NGOs, POs, industry, sustainable financing systems, academe, and national line agencies integration of ICM into local situated in the area. Monitoring of the development programs and the implementation of the plan will focus on establishment and operationalization of the delivery mechanisms and mechanisms for knowledge generation, conversion processes of inputs into the sharing and extension. Process, desired outputs. response and sustainability indicators are all measured using a 10-point scale Aside from the regular conduct of as follows: monitoring and evaluation, as provided for in the M&E system, midterm and ex-

0 – not available opportunities for the provincial BEPC, 1 – initiated the bay region boards, and the 5 – significant progress city/municipal ICM councils to review 10 – completed and, if necessary, modify the existing policies, implementation strategies, Impact indicators are assessed in programs, projects, approaches, terms of environmental impact, processes and techniques in order to economic impact, social impact, and make them more appropriate to the political impact. Impact indicators are conditions and requirements of assessed using the following scale: particular areas or communities.

0 – not detected/cannot be To improve SEMP determined implementation, the Secretariat of the 1 – sign of slight change Councils/Boards will document early 5 – sign of moderate change recognizable “success stories” in the 10 - sign of significant change course of monitoring and evaluation so that lessons from its initial programs, Effective collaboration initiatives projects and activities can be should pay attention to both the task communicated to concerned key actors and the process and so meet the needs and stakeholders. Such lessons will that the different stakeholders have in also serve as vital inputs in the revision both areas. In this regard, the task can or improvement of the SEMP. be defined in terms of what those involved have to do while the process is Any changes in the SEMP in terms concerned with how people and groups of scope, duration, and implementation work together and maintain arrangements of specific major relationships. programs or projects will be subject to the approval of the bay region board, and if necessary by the provincial Revision and Implementation BEPC, with prior consultations with the Improvement of the Plan concerned stakeholders and the concurrence of donor institutions, where The periodic monitoring and evaluation, applicable. preferably annually, will serve as

support research and development The implementation of the SEMP programs identified in the SEMP. requires the allocation of resources not normally appropriated by LGUs. To support the implementation of However, there may be related budget programs listed in the SEMP, the lines or activities within the LGUs which different stakeholders identified possible are regularly funded and that can be sources and corresponding ballpark realigned or mainstreamed to the amount being dedicated to these ICM – proposed strategic actions in the Plan. related activities. The indicative budget For example, LGUs are mandated to for the five major action programs is allocate at least 20% of the respective shown below. 20% Development Fund to the Human and Ecological Security (HES) activities. The HES can be a source of funds for ACTION PROGRAM BUDGET the environmental management or ICM- (P‘000) related activities. Institutional Development 65,950 Commitments of money and other & Integrated Planning resources are limited only to localized Waste Management 408,645 settings and may not be enough to Habitat Restoration and 71,010 provide a comprehensive coverage of all Management proposed programs. For example, the Underground Water 65,865 Batangas Coastal Resources Protection and Management Foundation (BCRMF) in Management the Batangas Bay Region and the Fisheries Protection and 126,295 Bacnotan Coal Fired Thermal Power Management Plant (BCFTPP) in the Balayan and Adjacent Bays Region have allocated All Programs 737,765 substantial amounts for environmental protection but the coverage of targeted Tentatively, around 737.76 Million interventions have to be expanded Philippine pesos is required in the beyond their localized settings. implementation of this 15-year SEMP. Likewise, higher education institutions Approximately, P 472.26 Million is have at least 10 percent of their total needed to cover the first six years of budget allocated to research and plan implementation (or the first phase), development and community service; it from 2005 to 2010. Meanwhile, around is a challenge for the SEMP P 132.75 Million is earmarked for each stakeholders/ implementers from the of the second and third phases of plan HEIs to direct part of these funds to

implementation, i.e. 2011-2015 and actions identified of this SEMP as well 2016-2020. as that of the bay region-specific plans.

The above figures represent only Support from diverse interest the direct operational costs associated groups should therefore be sought since with the activities in the action programs it assures greater integration and allows and do not include (a) salaries, wages for coordinated action. The challenge is and any form of compensation of people to mobilize the private sector, national involved in ICM activities, (b) vehicles, and local resources, and even foreign equipment and machinery that are assistance or international funding already existing and currently in use by institutions to finance these plans. The stakeholders/institutions, (c) sourcing can be undertaken by the office/working spaces dedicated ICM province-wide BEPC, the bay region activities. It is expected and assumed boards, through their Secretariat and that the existing local experts and TWG, and also directly by the support staff from the provincial and city/municipal ICM councils. Innovative municipal local government units, the schemes can serve to cushion the national agencies, the civil society, impact of additional financial private business, higher education requirements, by developing and institutions, and the communities will be establishing sustainable sources of mobilized to implement specific financing. New opportunities for components of the plan. The allocation increased funds and more efficient use by activity is included in the of existing resources are provided by implementation summary matrix while various market instruments that are annual allocation is provided in detail in likely to play an increasingly important Annex 5. role in the future. Trust funds, fees, and charges, may be developed. The LGU Regular appropriations from of Mabini, for example, is currently provincial and municipal local collecting a conservation fee from government units will be the main bulk visitor-divers to help finance its coastal of the sources of funds, complemented resources protection and management by support from national agencies, civil initiatives. The neighboring municipality society, private business, higher of Tingloy is expected to soon follow. education institutions, and the The imposition of a water extraction fee communities. In addition, sustainable as an instrument to capture the scarcity financing mechanisms, once value of water in Batangas and at the established, will also greatly contribute same time as a source of revenue for its towards funding specific components of conservation is also under study by the the plan. Provincial Government.

As implied by the budget presented, the increased responsibility associated with environmental management, warrants substantial commitment in terms of providing policy and planning environment for the generation of additional resources both from the government and non- government sources and from other stakeholders like the industries, tourism- related sector, fisherfolks, academe, etc., to carry out the various strategic

Box 5. Implementation summary matrix of the SEMP by action programs

Action Program 1. Institutional Mechanism and Sustainability

ACTION PROGRAM/ INDICATOR OF OUTPUT TIME INDICATIVE RESPONSIBLE SUPPORTING COMPONENTS/ACTIVITIES TABLE BUDGET Agencies LAWS (P ’000)

A. Institutional Development 1. Adopt an ordinance establishing a three- tiered multisectoral organizational mechanism Provincial Ordinance adopted 2005 25 PG-ENRO, SP Local 2. Form, establish, and operationalize the Organized and operational: Government Batangas Environmental Protection Council BEPC and TEG 2005 - 2020 2,400 PG-ENRO, TWG, Code (RA Municipal LGUs, (BEPC) and the three bay region ICM Boards, Batangas Bay ICM Board (BB-ICMB) and 7160) Provincial Offices, including their respective TWGs TWG 2.1 Batangas Bay ICM Board (BB-ICMB) National Agencies, Civil Balayan and Adjacent Bays ICM Board Society, Private Land Use 2.2 Balayan and Adjacent Bays ICM (BAB-ICMB) and TWG Business, Fisherfolks Code Board (BAB-ICMB) Tayabas and Adjacent Bays ICM Board 2.3 Tayabas and Adjacent Bays ICM (TAB-ICMB) and TWG Board (TAB-ICMB) Minutes of meetings & consultations Records of decisions made and conflicts resolved 3. Form, establish, operationalize the no. of ICMC organized and operational City/Municipal LGUs, City/Municipal ICM Council (ICMC) in each Observable indications of political 2006 – 2020 19,200 MENROs, MAOs, Civil LGU or the mobilization of municipal commitment on LGU executives Society, Private development councils as the ICMCs Minutes of meetings of ICMCs Business, Fisherfolks

B. Integrated Planning Systems

1. Update provincial development framework Provl Development updated 2005 plans integrating provincial land and water use 50 BEPC/TWG, Provl Physical Framework Plan updated plans and ICM concerns PPDO, PLUC, PDC

Batangas Bay SEMP updated 2005 650 BEPC/TWG, BB-ICMB/ 2. Update the Batangas Bay SEMP and the Balayan and Adjacent Bays ICM Plan 2005 TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, Balayan and Adjacent Bays ICM Plan and updated TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG- formulate a Tayabas and Adjacent Bays ICM Tayabas and Adjacent Bays ICM Plan 2006 ENRO, PPDO Plan, all aligned with this SEMP formulated

3. Update city/municipal development plans 2006 1,275 City/Municipal LGUs, integrating land and water use plans and city/municipal development plans updated C/MENRO, C/MPDC, ICM/ICM concerns and operational C/MAO, C/MDC BEPC/TWG, BB-ICMB/ 4. Formulate a Provincial Environmental Code Provincial Environmental Code formulated Proceedings of workshops and consultations 2006 – 2007 100 TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, Report on approval and adoption of the code TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG- ENRO, PPDO 5. Formulate City/Municipal Environmental city/municipal environmental codes C/MENRO, C/MPDC, Codes formulated 2008 – 2010 1,200 C/MDC proceedings of workshops & consultations Evaluation Report(s) BEPC/TWG, BB-ICMB/ 6. Evaluation of plans and re-planning Batangas SEMP refined 2010, 2015, 1,875 TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, Batangas Bay SEMP refined 2020 TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG- Balayan and Adjacent Bays ICM Plan refined ENRO, PPDO Tayabas and Adjacent Bays ICM Plan refined

C. Capacity-Building 1. Strengthen the Batangas ICM Center and report on training conducted PG-ENRO, DENR, 2005 - 2020 LGUs, HEIs conduct regular training for ICM practitioners at directory of trainees/participants 800 the local and national levels list of local experts and resource persons training modules 2. Maintain and regularly update the provincial Batangas coastal link (website) maintained ICM website (batangascoastalink) and develop and updated, # of recorded visitors to website 2005 - 2020 10,400 BEPC/TWG, PG- ENRO, City/Municipal bay-region specific and city/municipal specific 3 bay region specific websites established ICM/ICM websites. LGUs, HEIs city/municipal specific websites established 3. Manage and update environmental and ICM- IIMS regularly updated PG-ENRO, PPDO, 2005 - 2020 LGUs, HEIs related data and information thru the Integrated data categories available 12,000 Information Management Systems (IIMS), report on extent of Information sharing encourage information sharing among ICM practitioners and partners. report on observable indications of usefulness of information 4. Conduct ICEC activities to increase IEC materials produced and PG-ENRO, capacities of ICM practitioners and partners, disseminated/distributed 2005 - 2020 12,000 City/Municipal LGUs, local and national and maximize partnership with media to ensure report on observable indications of improved media timely dissemination of issues and concerns capacity of practitioners and partners and encourage active collaboration report on observable indications of media support 5. Establish and implement sustainable sustainable financing mechanisms BEPC/TWG, BB-ICMB/ financing schemes that will support activities of established 2006- 2020 3,975 TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG- the SEMP. indicative amount generated thru sustainable ENRO, City/Municipal financing mechanisms LGUs

Action Program 2 – Waste Management

ACTION PROGRAM/ INDICATOR OF OUTPUT TIME INDICATIVE RESPONSIBLE SUPPORTING COMPONENTS/ACTIVITIES TABLE BUDGET Agencies LAWS (P ’000)

A. Solid Waste Management 1. Reconstitute SWM Boards and prepare 10-year SWM Plan BEPC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ 2005 TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, and/or improve SWM plans (provincial, minutes of meetings of SWM boards 300 Ecological municipal, barangay) TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG- ENRO, DENR, City/ Solid Waste Municipal LGUs Management 2. Conduct massive multi-media ICEC that will Report on barangay assemblies organized PG-ENRO, DENR, City/ Act (RA 9003) Municipal LGUs, civil help mobilize communities and even IEC materials produced and disseminated/ 21,600 2005 - 2020 society, local media, households in the proper segregation, recycling distributed Toxic and and disposal of wastes HEIs Report on trainings conducted Hazardous number of households reached & mobilized Waste Management 3. Promote innovative schemes that will help List of junkshop operators PG-ENRO, DENR, City/ Municipal LGUs, civil Act (RA 6969) minimize accumulation of wastes: “pera sa Report on recycling efforts 11,430 basura”, recycling and linkages to buyers of 2005-2006 society, local media, recycled materials, assist organization of HEIs Local Govt junkshop operators, composting, biodigesting, Code (RA organic farming, etc 7163) MRFs and composting facilties established BEPC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, 4. Establish and develop material recovery and operationalized 43,200 2005 - 2020 TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG- facilities (MRFs) in both barangay and MBIs adopted in communities for managing ENRO, DENR, City/ municipal levels wastes Municipal LGUs, civil society, private business 5. Establish and develop city/municipal Controlled dumpsites established BEPC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, sanitary land-fills and/or controlled dumpsites sanitary land fills established for disposal of wastes 2006-2010 TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG- partnership developed 300,000 ENRO, DENR, City/ funding assistance sought Municipal LGUs, private business

B. Management of Industrial and Agricultural Wastes BEPC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ EIS System TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, 1. Strengthen community and LGU Guidelines on devolution of EIA functions 1,260 (PD 1586) 2005 - 2006 TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG- participation in the EIA system projects with LGU participation in the EIA ENRO, DENR, City/ process Municipal LGUs, civil Marine society, SP, SBs Pollution 2. Expand membership of ICM and build on its list of active members & projects conducted Decree (PD 2005 - 2020 BCRMF initiatives list of industries which underwent PMA 979)

records of monitoring surveys conducted in 2005 - 2020 PG-ENRO, DENR, City/ RA 6969 2. Build capacity through training of multi- the bays and among pollution point sources 11,680 Municipal LGUs, civil agency Management Monitoring Teams (MMT) progress reports and analysis society, industries to be able to properly monitor pollution observable indications of effective teamwork/ mitigating measures by industries minutes of meetings of the team time-series data base on water quality PG-ENRO, DENR, City/ 3. Strengthen the Batangas Environment monitoring 3,200 2005 - 2020 Municipal LGUs, civil Laboratory to conduct monitoring and amount of funds allocated to lab operations society, industries evaluation surveys in the bays and among # of personnel dedicated to the lab pollution point sources available lab equipment and capacity membership of the QRS team PG-ENRO, DENR, 4. Mobilize industries, academe, civil society Oil Spill Contingency Plan 9,450 2006 - 2020 PCG, PPA, local media and media to participate in a Quick Response report on polluted related events responded System (QRS) that will promptly respond and report on observable indications of effective undertake mitigating measures to pollution teamwork related events

consultations done to develop policies for BEPC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, 5. Establish environmental guarantee fund environmental guarantees 6,525 2006 - 2020 TAB-ICMB/TWG, amount of fund generated and sources PG-ENRO, DENR, City/ guidelines on establishment of guarantee Municipal LGUs, fund industries, SP, SBs

Action Program 3 – Habitat Restoration and Management

ACTION PROGRAM/ INDICATOR OF OUTPUT TIME INDICATIVE RESPONSIBLE SUPPORTING COMPONENTS/ACTIVITIES TABLE BUDGET Agencies LAWS (P ’000)

A. Protected Area Management 1. Identify, conduct inventory and assess BEPC/TWG, BB-ICMB/ critical habitats and ecosystems through report on identification and inventory of critical 1,300 TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, RAMSAR participatory and scientific techniques habitats and ecosystems 2005 - 2006 TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG- ENRO, City/Municipal 1971 LGUs, NGOs, HEIs 2. Mobilize communities as active partners in list of participating communities CBD 1992 BEPC/TWG, BB-ICMB/ protected area management, and design a province-wide network of protection/ 1,300 2005 - 2006 TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, province-wide and bay region-wide conservation areas designed (with M&E NIPAS Act TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG- network/system of protected/conservation system) (RA 7586) areas, inclusive of a biodiversity and habitat ENRO, City/Municipal 3 bay region specific network of protection/ monitoring system LGUs, NGOs, HEIs conservation areas designed (with M&E Guidelines system) on 3. Establish marine and terrestrial protected/ Ordinance establishing protected or BEPC/TWG, BB-ICMB/ Establishing conservation areas through ordinance(s) and conservation areas 2006 - 2020 19,500 TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, Ecotourism TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG- manage the same through community Development partnership and sustainable financing ENRO, City/Municipal LGUs, NGOs, HEIs Areas 4.Develop and regularly update management management plans formulated BEPC/TWG, BB-ICMB/ (EO 111) 2006- 2020 TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, plans and data base on the network of data base regularly updated/ IIMS 10,500 protected/ conservation areas through a habitat TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG- report on habitat assessment and monitoring DENR AO assessment and resource monitoring system ENRO, City/Municipal surveys conducted LGUs, NGOs, HEIs #15

5. Develop and disseminate IEC materials to IEC materials produced and increase public awareness and participation in disseminated/distributed 2005 - 2020 11,200 PG-ENRO, City/Municipal LGUs, the protection and management of the network Report on observable change in perception NGOs, HEIs of protected/conservation areas and awareness

B. Rehabilitation of Degraded Habitats and Ecosystems BEPC/TWG, BB-ICMB/ 1. Identify, inventory and assess degraded Report on identification and inventory of 1,260 TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, habitats and ecosystems, especially river degraded habitats and ecosystems 2005 – 2006 TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG- systems ENRO, City/Municipal LGUs, NGOs, HEIs 2. Design and implement a “Sagip Ilog” initiative BEPC/TWG, BB-ICMB/ among prioritized rivers (Calumpang River, 3,900 TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, Pansipit River, Benanbang River, etc) i.e. river River Rehabilitation Plan 2006 - 2010 TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG- clean-up, removal of silt, monitoring of water report on status of rivers ENRO, City/Municipal quality, regulation of waste dumping through LGUs, NGOs, HEIs ordinances, riverside tree planting, awareness campaign on the importance of the river system, etc

3. Conduct mangrove re-planting and report on mangrove rehabilitation activities PG-ENRO, restoration of degraded lands including location and area planted 2006 - 2010 4,150 City/Municipal LGUs, NGOs, private business C. Urban Greenbelts and Waterfront Reserves BEPC/TWG, BB-ICMB/ 1. Identify, conduct inventory, and assess report on potential urban greenbelt areas and 2005 - 2006 1,250 TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, potential urban greenbelt areas and waterfront waterfront reserves TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG- reserves. ENRO, City/Municipal LGUs, NGOs, private business 2. Establish urban greenbelt areas and Ordinance establishing urban greenbelt areas 2006 - 2007 500 SP, SBs waterfront reserves through ordinance(s) and waterfront reserves 3. Enhance/manage urban greenbelt areas and area (hectares) of urban greenbelt areas and PG-ENRO, waterfront reserves through community waterfront reserves managed through 2007 - 2020 16,150 City/Municipal LGUs, partnerships community partnerships NGOs, private business

Action Program 4 – Water Resources Protection and Management

ACTION PROGRAM/ INDICATOR OF OUTPUT TIME INDICATIVE RESPONSIBLE SUPPORTING COMPONENTS/ACTIVITIES TABLE BUDGET Agencies LAWS (P ’000) A. Community-Based Watershed Reforestation and Urban Regreening 1. Identify critical watersheds (i.e. Mt. Makulot, Report on critical watersheds and urban areas BEPC/TWG, BB-ICMB/ Mt. Malarayat, spring sources, pumping for re-greening 2005 605 TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG- stations) and urban areas for re-greening, and Reforestation and stewardship program ENRO, DENR, Phil. Water formulate massive year-round reforestation and formulated and operationalized Code stewardship City/Municipal LGUs, NGOs, Water Districts (PD 1067) 2. Establish and/or strengthen city/municipal nurseries established (municipal & barangay nurseries to ensure supply of seedlings, levels) 2005 - 2020 11,280 PG-ENRO, DENR, Provincial City/Municipal LGUs including barangay/ village-level satellite record of seedlings produced and distributed Water nurseries near or within critical watershed areas progress reports on status of nurseries Utilities Act and urban areas for re-greening (RA 9275) 3. Mobilize communities, academe (thru NSTP institutions and individual partners in PG-ENRO, DENR, City/ Municipal LGUs, NGOs, students), industry sector (i.e. as “sponsors”, reforestation/urban re-greening and 2005 - 2020 10,480 Clean Water and civil society to become partners in stewardship private business, HEIs Act (RA reforestation/ urban re-greening and report on locations and sizes of reforested stewardship areas 9275) B. Water Use Rationalization Through Regulation and Market-Based Instruments 1. Evaluate scarcity value of water (i.e. review Research report on scarcity value of water BEPC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, current water billing system for both residential Report on water supply and demand 2005 340 MTDP 1999- and commercial, including water usage by TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG- 2004 industries) ENRO, DENR, City/ Municipal LGUs, NGOs, Water Districts, HEIs 2. Conduct continuous collaborative research report on water-related researches conducted DENR, City/ Municipal on water demand, supply scarcity conditions, proceedings of forum where researches are 2005 - 2020 5,040 LGUs, NGOs, , Water reasonable pricing, alternative sources and presented water-saving technologies Districts, HEIs

3. Formulate and adopt a provincial ordinance BEPC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ that will regulate extraction of underground 2005 50 water by imposing a water use fee and will TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, provincial ordinance passed require all industrial, commercial, and TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG- residential buildings to provide rainwater ENRO, SP capture facilities for flushing, watering of plants, and cleaning. 4. Implement the provincial ordinance report on consultations PG-ENRO, DENR, City/ regulating extraction of underground water Municipal LGUs, Water guidelines on regulation of water use 2005 - 2020 10,800 Districts IEC Campaign 1. Conduct an annual water forum to update BEPC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, various stakeholders on the state of the Proceedings of annual water forum 2005 - 2020 5,840 province’s water resources, research findings, TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG- progress on activities undertaken and actions to ENRO, DENR, City/ be taken. Municipal LGUs, Water Districts, HEIs 2. Produce and distribute multi-media information materials on the following topics: IEC materials produced and distributed and 2005 - 2020 10,480 PG-ENRO, DENR, City/ importance of water resources and their disseminated preservation to health, livelihood, and economy; Municipal LGUs, Water report on observable signs of increased the current state of water resources (especially Districts , HEIs, local awareness in the community in areas undergoing rapid urbanization); water- media saving strategies, i.e. recycling 3. Conduct school-based IEC campaign, i.e. report on school- based IEC campaign events seminars, conduct of water-related research report on observable sign of increased 2006 - 2020 5,475 HEIs development activities, linking with student awareness & education among students & organizations and student activities devoted to faculty environment 4. Conduct training on household-based water report on trainings conducted PG-ENRO, DENR, City/ recycling and water-saving techniques report on observable increased awareness 2006 - 2020 5,475 Municipal LGUs, Water especially among women among women Districts , HEIs report on observable practices on water- saving techniques & recycling

Action Program 5 – Fisheries Protection and Management

ACTION PROGRAM/ INDICATOR OF OUTPUT TIME INDICATIVE RESPONSIBLE SUPPORTING COMPONENTS/ACTIVITIES TABLE BUDGET AGENCIES LAWS (P ’000)

A. Marine Law Enforcement BEPC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, 1. Formulate and adopt an ordinance that will Provincial Ordinance adopted 2005 25 TAB-ICMB/TWG, OPA, establish and institutionalize Bantay Dagat BFAR, City/ Municipal Fisheries initiatives LGUs, SP Code of BPEC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ 1998 TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, 2. Mobilize communities, private business, civil list of members 2005 - 2020 4,400 (RA 8550) TAB-ICMB/TWG, OPA, society, media as active partners in marine law record of violations and apprehensions City/ Municipal LGUs, enforcement private business, civil society, local media 3. Motivate, mobilize and strengthen marine law schedule of patrol-days BPEC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, enforcement agencies in the province record of violations and apprehensions 2005 - 2020 4,400 TAB-ICMB/TWG, PNP, PCG, PPA 4. Access funding to provide regular incentives report on appropriations made BPEC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, (allowances that would approximate Barangay amount (cash and in-kind) from various 2005 - 2020 33,600 TAB-ICMB/TWG, OPA, Tanods, life, accident and health insurances, sectors supporting marine law enforcement capacity building training) and logistical support City/ Municipal LGUs, (patrol boats) to Bantay Dagat volunteers private business 5. Develop and distribute IEC materials to report on IEC materials produced and increase public awareness and participation in distributed and disseminated 2005 - 2020 4,400 OPA, City/ Municipal LGUs, civil society, marine law enforcement report on observable signs of increased local media awareness

B. Research, Policy and Institutional Support

report on fishery stock assessment conducted BEPC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, 1. Conduct regular fisheries stock assessment report on fishery related researches 2005 - 2020 4,400 TAB-ICMB/TWG, OPA, and monitoring and other fishery related conducted BFAR, City/ Municipal researches, and form scientific advisory Scientific advisory committee for fisheries LGUs, HEIs, FARMCs committee for fisheries

Policies and ordinances on sustainable BEPC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, 2. Formulate policies, to ensure sustainable fisheries adopted and implemented 2005 - 2020 3,600 TAB-ICMB/TWG, OPA, fisheries’ stock, i.e. open and close season, report on observable practices in support of BFAR, City/ Municipal allowable fishing gears, etc. policies LGUs, HEIs, civil society, FARMCs, SP, SBs BEPC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, 3. Delineate bay-wide municipal waters ordinance delineating municipal waters 2005 - 2006 1,050 TAB-ICMB/TWG, OPA, BFAR, City/ Municipal LGUs, civil society, FARMCs, SP, SBs

OPA, BFAR, City/ 4. Conduct capacity building training for bay- report on trainings conducted 2005 - 2020 8,400 Municipal LGUs, HEIs, wide integrated and municipal FARMCS as report on observable indications of improved civil society, FARMCs partners in fisheries protection and capability development

BEPC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, 5. Hold annual fisherfolks forum, and forge proceedings off annual fisherfolks forum 2005 - 2020 4,400 TAB-ICMB/TWG, OPA, partnerships among fisherfolks, private partnerships forged by various sectors with BFAR, City/ Municipal business, academe, and NGOs. fisherfolks LGUs, HEIs, civil society, private business, FARMCs

C. Livelihood and Enterprise Development

1. Identify, conduct inventory, and assess OPA, BFAR, PCDO, DTI, TESDA, City/ potential livelihood and enterprise initiatives: report on potential livelihood and enterprises 2005 315 Municipal LGUs, HEIs, coastal/marine-based, freshwater-based, and identified and assessed for feasibility eco-tourism related civil society, private business, FARMCs report on trainings conducted & participants OPA, BFAR, PCDO, DTI, TESDA, City/ 2. Conduct entrepreneurial skills development report on observable indications of 2005 - 2020 10,480 Municipal LGUs, HEIs, training entrepreneurial skills private business, FARMCs 3. Assist establishment of coastal resource- list of coastal resource-based cooperatives OPA, PCDO, DTI, based cooperatives organized 2006 - 2010 1,825 TESDA, City/ Municipal LGUs, FARMCs status report of cooperatives 4. Establish loan/grant fund that can be BEPC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ accessed by entrepreneurs/fisherfolks who will list of loan/grant fund available for access 2006 - 2020 45,000 TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, engage in livelihood (i.e. seaweed farming, amount of loans/funds availed TAB-ICMB/TWG, OPA, tilapia culture, smoked fish making, fish sauce BFAR, PCDO, DTI, documented stories & testimonies of livelihood TESDA, City/ Municipal making, payao, giant clam seeding, ecotourism- activities enjoying funding based activities) LGUs, HEIs, civil society, private business, FARMCs

Annex 1

RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS AND NATIONAL LAWS, POLICIES AND PROGRAMS

RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS AND NATIONAL LAWS, POLICIES AND PROGRAMS

Fisheries

1. Fisheries Code of 1998, Republic Act 8550 where the mandate for coastal management is devolved to the local government. This includes jurisdiction over its municipal waters (i.e. marine waters included between two lines drawn perpendicular to the general coastline from points where the boundary lines of the municipality touch the sea at low tide and a third line parallel with the general coastline including offshore islands and fifteen kilometers from such coastline); together with the FARMC they will be responsible for the management, conservation, development, protection, utilization and disposition of all fish and fishery/aquatic resources with their municipal waters. Likewise, creation and mandate of an IFARMC is stated.

Biodiversity and Resource Use

2. The Philippines is a signatory to the following international agreements : (a) Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially of Waterfowl Habitat (RAMSAR 1971), (b) Convention concerning the protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (Paris, 1972), (c) Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (Washington, 1973), (d) Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn, 1979), (e) Convention on the Protection of the Natural Resources and Environment of the South Pacific Region (1986), and (f) Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD, 1992)

3. The Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Protected Areas Republic Act No 7586 of 1992, the National Integrated Protected Area System (NIPAS) Act is the primary law that governs the establishment and management of protected areas.

4. Integrated Mangrove Rehabilitation and Seedling Production Project – funded by the government and with 2 main components, mangrove rehabilitation and seedling production with municipalities as partner of DENR. The cost of labor for plantation establishment and maintenance and protection is the counterpart contribution of the municipality. The project aims to establish 56 hectares of mangrove plantation. Likewise, it aims to raise a total of 140,000 forest tree seedlings to support clean and green programs of cities and municipalities.

5. Study and Mapping and Land Cover Assessment of Mangrove Areas – foreign- assisted and covers all mangrove areas of the country using SPOT Data as basis.

6. Republic Act 9147, 2001–Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act - providing for the conservation and protection of wildlife resources and habitat to promote ecological balance and enhance biological biodiversity, to regulate the collection and trade of wildlife and initiate or support scientific studies on the conservation of biological biodiversity.

7. The DENR Department Administrative Order No. 15 series of 1990 provides the rules governing the utilization, development and management of mangrove resources.

8. Presidential Decree 1801 which declares many small islands as tourism areas and limits other types of development in the specified area (e.g. Nasugbu).

Water and Water Use

9. The Philippine Water Code, PD 1067 contains the law governing the ownership, appropriation, utilization, exploitation, development, conservation and protection of water resources. It is based on the Constitutional provision that all waters belong to the State. It created the National Water Resources Board (NWRB) which regulates the country’s water resources through coordinating and regulating agencies for water resources management and development. NWRB regulates water use, resolve issues and conflicts in water resources & development such as inconsistencies in fees and charges; approves project involving the appropriation, utilization, exploitation, development, control, conversion of the country’s water resources

10. PD 198 – Provincial Water Utilities Act of 1973 which provides for the creation of independent and locally controlled water district that could own and operate water supply and distribution system for domestic, industrial, municipal and agricultural uses. It established the Local Water Utilities Administration which manages all the water districts and review rates or charges established by local water utilities

11. RA 8041 – National Water Crisis Act of 1995 – addresses the water crisis especially in terms of supply, distribution, finance, privatization of state-run facilities, protection and conservation of watersheds and waste and pilferage of water; created the Presidential Task Force on Water Resources Development and Management; plans and coordinates water policies and programs, including pricing and monitoring

12. Clean Water Act (RA 9275) aims to protect the country’s water bodies from pollution from land-based sources such as industries, and commercial establishments, agriculture and community/household activities). It provides for comprehensive and integrated strategy to prevent and minimize pollution through multi-sectoral and participatory approach involving all stakeholders. RA 9275 prohibits the following: (a) discharging or depositing any water pollutant to water body, or such which will impede the natural flow of water, (b) discharging, injecting or allowing to enter into the soil, anything that would pollute groundwater, (c) operating facilities that discharge regulated water pollutants without valid required permits, (d) disposal of potentially infectious medical wastes into the sea by vessels, (e) unauthorized transport or dumping into waters of sewage sludge or solid waste

13. National Policy Directions for Water Resources Management and Development (1999-2004) as outlined in the Medium Term Development Plan. It aims to (a) pursue the preservation of the environment, (b) pursue sustainable development and management of water resources, (c) adopt a holistic approach to link social and economic development with the protection of natural resources and ecosystems, (d) encourage recycling of water and harvesting and impounding of water, (e) enhance information campaign and training in proper waste disposal and ecological and environmental preservation with special emphasis on women’s participation, (f) create an independent authority that will formulate national policies on water resources management, regulation, utilization, planning and conservation, (g) support the creation of river basin authorities to effect integrated water resources

management, (h) develop standards for regulation and service efficiency, (i) pursue and strengthen the strict enforcement of water-related laws, rules and regulations, and adopt stiff and proportionate penalties for violators, (j) provide a favorable environment for LGUs’ and private sector participation in the provisions of water supply and sanitation services, (k) pursue private sector participation in providing water supply and sanitation, especially in urban areas, (l) harness the resources of private sector in improving water services and sewerage facilities (m) develop and provide incentives for continuous water districts to amalgamate into single business entities, and (n) continue the improvement of financial and technical evaluation of water districts to address water services sustainability

Waste Management and Pollution

14. Environmental Protection and Pollution Control, PD 1586, a law that implements the Environmental Impact Assessment System (EIS). The EIS requires the assessment of the environmental impacts of projects that have been classified as Environmentally critical or projects located in environm entally critical areas. Guidelines are contained in DENR Administrative Order No 96-37. PD 856 , 15. The Sanitation Code of the Philippines updates and codifies past laws to ensure adherence to modern standards of sanitation with a handy reference that is provided for enforcement. 16. PD 984, National Pollution Control Law , supports the policy to prevent, abate, and control pollution of water, air and land for more effective utilization of resources. It establishes and implements emissions and ambient standards for air and water. 17. Republic Act 6969, Toxic Substances Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Act 1990, covers control over importation, processing, handling, storage, transportation, sale, distribution, use and disposal of all unregulated chemicals and registration, storage, treatment and disposal of hazardous and nuclear wastes. Implementing rules contained in DENR Administrative Order No 29. 18. Philippine Inventory of Chemicals and Chemical Substances to compile and maintain a national inventory of all chemicals and chemical substances in use throughout the country for use by the government, the industry and the general public.

19. Persistent organic Pollutants Project to identify and make an inventory of chemical substances which are not only bio-accumulative but also persistent thus posing risk to health and the environment.

20. A Philippine Ozone Desk was established and completed investment projects funded by the Multilateral Fund of the Montreal protocol have phased out about 1,300 mt of ozone depleting substances in various industry sectors. Regulations were also issued to control ODS importation.

21. Republic Act 9003, the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 which calls for the institutionalization of a national program that will manage the control, transfer, transport, processing and disposal of solid waste in the country.

Annex 2a

STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE BATANGAS BAY REGION 1996-2020

STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE BATANGAS BAY REGION 1996-2020

Vision: Batangas Province will serve as a model for the attainment of the socio-economic objectives of the people, together with the conservation of its natural resources and the protection of the environment.

Mission: To mobilize and strengthen the capability and partnerships among the LGUs, national government agencies, private sector, NGOs, volunteer groups, social organizations and coastal community organizations and residents for integrated management.

Goal: To achieve an acceptable balance between the overall level of economic development and environmental management.

Long Term Objectives:

1. Develop the Batangas Bay Region’s (BBR) environmental and natural resources to the fullest extent possible in accordance with sound management concepts and practices in order to ensure its sustainable use; 2. Create environmental conditions conducive to human health, employment, income generation and recreation; and 3. Conserve the marine resources and coastal ecosystems for the benefit of the future generations, for the advancement of science, and for the development of tourism and recreation areas.

Short-term Objectives:

1. Establish an integrated coastal management system for BBR’s sustainable development, including the mechanisms for multisectoral participation and integration of environmental concerns into development planning; 2. Mitigate land- and water-based pollution in the BBR through proper mix of policy instruments, such as market-based instruments (MBIs) in combination with command-and-control measures; 3. Improve and maintain the water quality of the Bay and the river tributaries draining to it, within government-prescribed standards; 4. Minimize incompatible and conflicting uses of the bay’s coastal zone through land use planning and zoning and passage of appropriate policies and ordinances;

5. Strengthen LGUs’ and other stakeholders capabilities on integrated solid waste management, water pollution prevention and monitoring, and other aspects of environmental management including information management; 6. Identify sources of long-term financing for specific programs and projects identified for sustainable management of the BBR and the bay; and 7. Harness coastal community organizations for advocacy and management of the Bay’s environment and for alternative sustainable livelihood development.

Area of Coverage: Batangas Bay; coastal: Batangas City, municipalities of San Pascual, Bauan, Mabini, Tingloy, and Lobo; inland: Lipa City and municipalities of San Jose, and Ibaan.

Duration: 25 years, 1996-2020

COMPONENTS/PROGRAMS/PROJECTS

A. Development of Legal and Institutional Mechanisms

1. PG-ENRO establishment 2. Batangas Bay Council for ICM formation

B. Strengthening of Integrated Policy and Planning Systems

1. Integrated planning systems for environmental management strengthening: harmonization and integration of national, regional, and local development plans, integrated land and water use planning 2. Policy support systems for sustainable development strengthening: updating/improvement of land- and water-use zoning ordinances, application of market based instruments with command-and-control measures, improvement of resource-use pricing structures 3. Enforcement and monitoring capabilities strengthening: setting-up of environmental monitoring system, creation of multi-sectoral environmental protection committees

C. Integrated Solid Waste Management

1. Waste disposal sites identification/development 2. Disposal schemes for toxic and hazardous wastes (THW) development 3. Community-based garbage collection system organization 4. User charges for garbage collection and disposal development 5. Waste incinerators establishment 6. Waste segregation and recycling system implementation 7. Waste recycling industry development assistance 8. Garbage collection transfer stations establishment

D. Water Pollution Abatement

1. Oil spill contingency plan implementation 2. Pollution management appraisal (PMA) system implementation 3. Fishing techniques information and education program 4. Sewage treatment plants establishment 5. Private sector investment to support reception facilities 6. Control measures for pollution discharges at point source development

E. Conservation of Special Ecosystems

1. Coral reef protection/rehabilitation 2. Innovative aquaculture techniques development

F. Coastal Tourism Development

G. Alternative Livelihood Development

H. Capacity Building

1. Training/education needs assessment 2. Human Resources Development Program 3. Curriculum development and visual aids preparation 4. Training organization 5. Organization of demonstration, planning, and policy workshops for decision-makers and resource managers

I. Community Organizing and Community Development

J Information, Education and Communication

1. Multi-sectoral IEC system development 2. IEC materials preparation and dissemination 3. Organization of symposia on environmental management 4. Integration of environmental education in school curricula promotion

K. Research and Extension

1. Environmental carrying capacity assessment and model development 2. Sustainable multiple use study of coastal and marine resources and model development 3. Pollutant flux into the sea investigation and prediction models development 4. Water generation as resource system study 5. Waste movements investigation 6. Socio-economic analysis of present and future developments in the bay 7. Vessel traffic analysis 8. Publications of bulletins and technical papers 9. Institutional linkages establishment

L. Management Information System Establishment

M. Development of Sustainable Financing Mechanism

1. Privatization 2. BOT scheme promotion 3. Trust fund mechanism establishment 4. Government and private sector resources mobilization

STATUS OF IMPLEMENTATION

Implementation was mostly undertaken by the LGUs, under the supervision, coordination, and policy directions of the Batangas Bay Region Environmental Protection Council (BBREPC), chaired by the Provincial Governor. The Council was created by virtue of Provincial Ordinance No. 001 series of 1996. The PG-ENRO provides the secretariat support to the Council and conduct day-to-day coordination and implementation of the Plan. Private participation was mostly through NGOs and the Batangas Coastal Resources Management Foundation, composed of major industries in the bay. There are still, however, several components/programs/projects of the Plan which are still to be initiated after almost 10 years of Plan implementation.

Annex 2b

INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE BALAYAN AND ADJACENT BAYS REGION, 2004-2023.

INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE BALAYAN AND ADJACENT BAYS REGION 2004-2023

Vision : A sustainable and equitable economy where God-loving and empowered citizenry live in a well-planned and protected environment governed by responsible and committed leaders through efficient and effective integrated management systems.

Mission: To mobilize, strengthen the capability of, and sustain the partnership among stakeholders for the integrated environmental management of the Balayan and Adjacent Bays Bay Region.

Goal: To develop and sustain a high level of environmental quality in the Balayan and Adjacent Bays Region while promoting responsible multiple use and access of its resources.

Objectives:

1. To provide alternative and supplemental livelihood opportunities among individuals and coastal communities in the Balayan and Adjacent Bays Region, especially among the disadvantaged small municipal fisherfolks and dislocated fishworkers; 2. To protect critical and important coastal/marine habitats and flora and fauna of the Balayan and Adjacent Bays Region, use rationally its coastlines, and rehabilitate its degraded lands; 3. To generate data and information for the policy makers of the Balayan and Adjacent Bays Region, their project implementors and concerned stakeholders, for them to be able to make “well-informed” decisions and actions in pursuing this ICM Plan; and 4. To establish appropriate institutional mechanisms that will mobilize “environmentally aware” multi-sectoral stakeholders in the implementation of integrated coastal resources management efforts within the Balayan and Adjacent Bays Region.

Area of Coverage : Balayan Bay and the adjacent bays of Pagapas, Talin, and Nasugbu; the coastal municipalities of Nasugbu, Lian, Calatagan, Balayan, Calaca, Lemery, Taal, San Luis, and parts of Bauan, Mabini, and Tingloy, that directly surround the said bays; and the municipality of Tuy, that indirectly influence the use and state of the said bays;

Duration : 20 years, 2004-2023

ELEMENTS/PROGRAMS/PROJECTS

A. Livelihood and Enterprise Improvement

1. Alternative and supplemental livelihood assistance 2. Coastal community-based cooperatives development 3. Market development and network building 4. Technical assistance

B. Habitat Restoration and Management

1. Integration of land and water use planning 2. Protected areas establishment 3. Coastline improvement and land rehabilitation 4. Pollution control and waste management

C. Information Base Improvement and Management

1. Land and water use studies 2. Marine studies and monitoring 3. Policy and socio-economic studies 4. Management and geographic information systems establishment

D. Governance and Community Mobilization

1. Establishment of multi-sectoral coastal zone management mechanisms 2. Policy development and enforcement 3. Environmental education and awareness campaign 4. Capacity building 5. Establishment of sustainable financing mechanisms

STATUS OF IMPLEMENTATION

The Plan was recently (in 2004) approved and endorsed by the Provincial Development Council. Individually, municipal LGUs have been implementing, in collaboration at times with NGOs and POs, various programs/projects specified by the Plan, i.e. marine law enforcement, conservation financing, waste management, establishment of protected areas, etc., but will require inter- municipal collaboration pending the creation of a bay-wide ICM council.

Annex 3

PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE

AN ORDINANCE STRENGTHENING THE INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS FOR INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT (ICM) IN BATANGAS AND AMENDING PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE 96-01

AN ORDINANCE STRENGTHENING THE INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS FOR INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT (ICM) IN BATANGAS PROVINCE AMENDING PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE 96-01

CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS Section 1. Title. This Ordinance shall be known as the “Institutional Mechanism Strengthening the Integrated Coastal Management in Batangas”.

Section 2. Policy. It is the policy of the Province of Batangas to develop and sustainably manage to the fullest the resources of the Bay Regions through an integrated approach and in accordance with sound management concepts and practices consistent with the existing environmental laws, rules and regulations and other relevant legal issuances for the benefit of present and future generations.

Section 3. Definition of Terms. For purposes of this Ordinance, the following terms and phrases shall mean:

a. Balayan and Adjacent Bays Region – refers to the bay known as Balayan Bay and the adjacent smaller bays such as Pagapas Bay, Talin Bay, and Nasugbu Bay, and the municipalities that directly surround the bays and influence the use and state of the said bays;

b. Batangas Bay Region – refers to the body of water known as Batangas Bay and the municipalities and cities that directly surround the bay including the mainland local government units that influence the use and state of the said bay;

c. BEPC – refers to the Batangas Environmental Protection Council, established and adopted by this Ordinance;

d. Bay – refers to a semi-enclosed body of water shared by various coastal cities/municipalities that surround the said bay;

e. Bay Region – refers to the bays in the Province of Batangas including the terrestrial cities/municipalities and their watersheds influencing, directly or indirectly, the use and state of the bays;

f. BB-ICM Board – refers to the Batangas Bay Integrated Coastal Management Board, created by this Ordinance, to replace the Batangas Bay Region Environmental Protection Council created under Provincial Ordinance No. 001 series of 1996 of the Province of Batangas;

g. BAB-ICM Board – refers to the Balayan and Adjacent Bays Integrated Coastal Management Board, created by this Ordinance;

h. Bantay-Dagat – A community-based law enforcement group organized by LGUs and deputized either by Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) or the Local Chief Executive concerned for the purpose of enforcing fishery laws and ordinances and other related environmental laws, rules and regulations;

i. Bantay -Dagat Network – A network of Bantay-Dagat organizations from the municipalities within a specific fishing grounds such as bays, lake and the like; j. City/Municipal ICM Council – refers to the City/Municipal Integrated Coastal Management Council, enjoined to be created by this Ordinance, or otherwise created by the concerned city/municipal LGUs, pursuant to this ordinance; k. City/Municipal ICM Plan – refers to the integrated coastal management plan that describes a comprehensive approach to the management of the city/municipality, developed and implemented through the active participation of its stakeholders, and reflecting the visions and aspirations of their citizenry. l. ICM Plan of Balayan and Adjacent Bays Region – refers to the integrated coastal management plan document that describes a comprehensive approach to the management of the Balayan and Adjacent Bays Region, developed and implemented through the active participation of its stakeholders, and reflecting the visions and aspirations of the people in the bay region; m. IFARMC – refers to the Integrated Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Councils of the Province of Batangas created pursuant to RA 8550, otherwise known as the Fisheries Code of 1998; n. Local Development Councils – refers to the City/Municipal or Provincial Development Councils of the Province of Batangas created pursuant to RA 7160, otherwise known as the Local Government Code of 1991; o. LGUs – Local government units referring to the Province of Batangas, and the cities and municipalities within the jurisdiction of the province; p. Municipal waters – refers to municipal marine waters including the offshore islands 15 kilometers from the coastline, and as defined by the Local Government Code of 1992 and by the Fisheries Code of 1998; q. Strategic Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) of Batangas – a document describing a comprehensive approach to the management of the bay regions in the Province of Batangas, developed through the active participation of its stakeholders, and reflecting the visions and aspirations of its people; r. Strategic Environmental Management Plan of the Batangas Bay Region (SEMP-BBR) – a document describing a comprehensive approach to the management of the Batangas Bay Region, developed and implemented through the active participation of its stakeholders, and reflecting the visions and aspirations of its people; s. Tayabas Bay Region – refers to the body of water known as Tayabas Bay, shared with the Province of Quezon, and also the municipalities that directly surround the bay, and influence the use and state of the bay; t. Tayabas Bay Region ICM Plan – refers to the integrated coastal management plan document that describes a comprehensive approach to the management of the Tayabas Bay Region, to be developed and implemented through the active

participation of its stakeholders, and reflecting the visions and aspirations of people in the bay region;

u. TAB-ICM Board – refers to the Tayabas Bay Integrated Coastal Management Board, created by this Ordinance.

CHAPTER II INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS Section 4. Batangas Environmental Protection Council (BEPC)

a. Creation and Role. There is hereby created a Batangas Environmental Protection Council (BEPC) in order to administer and implement the provincial policies on ICM. BEPC shall be the lead policy-making, coordinating and planning body for the implementation of the SEMP. It shall likewise ensure inter- bay region coordination, cooperation, and integration, in the pursuit of the goals and objectives of the SEMP.

b. Composition. The BEPC shall be chaired by the Provincial Governor of Batangas, with the President of the Mayor’s League as Vice-Chair supported by a Technical Experts Group and a Secretariat. The BEPC shall be composed of the following members:

1) Chairperson, Batangas Bay ICM Council 2) Chairperson, Balayan and Adjacent Bays ICM Council 3) Chairperson, Tayabas Bay ICM Council 4) Chairperson, Committee on Environmental Protection, Sangguniang Panlalawigan ng Batangas 5) PG-Environment and Natural Resources Officer, as head of Secretariat 6) President, Provincial Federation of Liga ng mga Barangay 7) President, Provincial League of Councilors 8) President, Provincial Federation of Sangguniang Kabataan 9) A representative from the Provincial Disaster Coordinating Council 10) A representative from the Integrated FARMCs 11) A representative from the medium/heavy industries and agricultural estates 12) A representative from the tourism industry 13) A representative from the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) involved in environmental protection 14) A representative from the peoples’ organizations (POs) involved in fisheries 15) A representative from academic institutions 16) A representative from the local print and broadcast media 17) A representative from the Bantay-Dagat Networks

The representatives from IFARMCs, medium/heavy industries and agricultural estates, tourism industry, NGOs, POs, academic institutions, media and Bantay-Dagat Networks, who shall serve a term of two (2) years shall be appointed by the BEPC Chairperson, upon the nomination of their respective sectors and as recommended by the Chairs of the ICM Boards.

c. Powers and Functions. BEPC shall have the following powers and functions.

1) Review of policies and programs that ensure and promote the sustainable development of the province;

2) Identify inter-agency, cross-sector, and inter-bay region mechanisms, as appropriate, for sustainable development planning, evaluation and endorsement of development projects, enforcement of and compliance with concerned laws and regulations, scientific research, environmental monitoring and assessment, and information services, within the limitations of applicable provincial ordinances and national laws including the Local Government Code;

3) Encourage appropriate information and education activities to promote involvement of all sectors of society and maximize public participation in the integrated management of the various bay regions of the province;

4) Adopt the Strategic Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) and related environmental action plans of the province of Batangas and monitor and evaluate the implementation of the same;

5) Conduct consultations among national agencies, local government units, non-government organizations and the private sector to ensure that their activities, projects and programs are consistent with the plans, programs and policies adopted by the BEPC;

6) Arrange for, and accept donations, grants, gifts, loans, and other funds from domestic and foreign sources, in behalf of the Batangas Environmental Trust Fund, for implementing the policies, plans and programs of the BEPC ;

7) Recommend to the local legislative councils, local development councils, or to Congress, whenever appropriate, such matters that may require legislation or policy determination in support of a more efficient and effective environmental management of the province;

8) Adopt appropriate measures to ensure compliance with national and local laws pertaining to fisheries and coastal resources management, pollution abatement and control, and liability and compensation in the bay regions, and to promote projects that will encourage the prevention, reduction, abatement, and risk management of marine pollution;

9) Promote health, welfare, and proper solid waste management in coordination with concerned boards such as but not limited to, Provincial Disaster Coordinating Council and the Provincial Solid Waste Management Board;

10) Enter into agreements with national agencies for the delineation of duties and responsibilities under this Ordinance and existing laws, as may be necessary and appropriate;

11) Settle disputes, through arbitration, among bay regions and among local governments, that may arise in connection with the implementation of the SEMP and related plans, programs, and policies;

12) Create a Technical Experts Group (TEG) and technical committees within said TEG, as may be necessary, and/or call on any government agency, entity, or instrumentality, including NGOs, POs and the private sector, to advice the BEPC on specific issues and/or concerns and/or assist in the performance of its duties;

13) Delegate its power to the Secretariat or to the TEG/TWG or to any government agency, entity, or instrumentality, whenever necessary and appropriate, except in the adoption of the SEMP and environmental action plans, governance of the Batangas Environmental Trust Fund, and other policy determining functions which affect the whole province and/or any two of the bay regions;

14) Perform such other powers and functions as may be necessary in carrying out its mandate, and the provisions of this Ordinance. d. Technical Secretariat. The PG-ENRO shall act as the Secretariat of the BEPC.

1) Perform administrative and record-keeping functions for the BEPC. It shall set the agenda, keep the minutes and handle official communications of the BEPC.

2) Liaise between the BEPC and among the bay region boards and the general public.

3) Provide technical assistance to the BEPC in the performance of their mandates and functions, and in close coordination with their respective TEG members that may cover, but not limited to, the following:

• environmental monitoring and assessment : - establish a monitoring, control and surveillance system; determine degraded habitats and posts red flags in areas needing regeneration and protection; represent the BEPC in the review, evaluation and monitoring of projects covered by the EIA system; and prepare and disseminate periodic reports on the state of the province’s environment.

• research and data base management : collect and periodically update data and information for planning and decision-making; maintain and update the ecological profile and the statistical compendium at convenient time intervals; collaborate with concerned agencies in the conduct of scientific and action researches in support of planning, policy, and decision-making; and reconcile and validate province-wide data holdings with those of the bay-regions, the municipal LGUs, the provincial government offices, national agencies and related institutions.

• information and advocacy: undertake continuing public information, education, and communication to encourage the involvement of all sectors of society and maximize public participation in the integrated planning and management of the province; conduct consultations among national government agencies, bay-region boards, municipal LGUs, private sectors, and NGOs, and other stakeholders; and recommend and lobby before local and national agencies the enactment of measures that may require legislative support for the effective management of the area.

• planning support : support the BEPC and the bay region boards in the formulation of policies, programs and projects; and periodically revise the SEMP upon direction of the BEPC and the bay-wide ICM plans upon direction of the respective bay region boards.

4) Monitor and evaluate the results of the implementation of programs and projects, in behalf of the BEPC to generate inputs to the next planning and programming cycle.

5) Perform such other powers and functions, as may be necessary in carrying out its mandate, and the provisions of this Ordinance, and as delegated upon by the BEPC.

e. Meetings and Quorum. The BEPC shall meet every quarter, on the second Wednesday of March, June, September and December. A decision is carried by consensus. A general assembly meeting of the BEPC with bay region ICM boards and local ICM Councils shall be held twice a year for planning and evaluation purposes.

Section 5. Bay Region ICM Boards

a. Creation and Role. There are hereby created three Bay Regions Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) Boards, namely; the Batangas Bay Integrated Coastal Management Board or BB-ICMB, the Balayan and Adjacent Bays Integrated Coastal Management Board or BAB-ICMB, and the Tayabas Bay Integrated Coastal Management Board or TB-ICMB, and each shall consist of a TWG and a Secretariat. Each bay region board shall be the lead policy – making, coordinating and planning body for the implementation of the SEMP, within the bay region. It shall likewise provide inter – city/municipal and multi-sectoral policy direction, coordination and integration within the bay region. b. Composition. The Chair and the Vice-Chair of each bay region ICM board shall be elected by the mayors among themselves on a rotation basis of three years or co- terminus with their official term of office. The members of each board shall be as follows:

1) Mayors of cities and municipalities within the bay region 2) A representative of the congressional district(s) covering the bay region 3) Chairperson of the bay region IFARMC

4) A representative from medium/heavy industries and agricultural estates based in the bay region 5) A representative from the tourism industry based in the bay region 6) A representative from the non-government organizations (NGOs) based in the bay region involved in environmental protection 7) A representative from the people’s organization (POs) based in the bay region and involved in fisheries and/or environmental protection 8) A representative from the academic institutions based in the bay region 9) A representative from the local print and broadcast media based in the bay region 10) A representative from Bantay-Dagat Network 11) PG-Environment and Natural Resources Officer

The representatives from medium/heavy industries and agricultural estates, tourism sector, NGOs, POs, academic institutions, media and Bantay-Dagat Network, who shall serve a term of two (2) years, shall be appointed by the Chairman of the ICM Board, upon the nomination of their respective sectors organizations. c. Powers and Functions. Each bay region board shall be the lead policy- making, coordinating and planning body for the implementation of the SEMP, within the bay region. It shall likewise provide inter-city/municipal and multi-sectoral policy direction, coordination and integration within the bay region. Each bay region board shall have the following powers and functions:

1) Develop policies and programs to ensure and promote the sustainable development of the province through proper conservation and utilization of natural resources and protection of its ecosystem;

2) Utilize the board as an inter-agency, cross-sector, and inter-bay region mechanism for sustainable development planning, evaluation and endorsement of development projects, enforcement of and compliance with concerned laws and regulations, scientific research, environmental monitoring and assessment, and information services, within the limitations of applicable provincial ordinances and national laws including the Local Government Code;

3) Encourage appropriate information and education activities to promote involvement of all sectors of society and maximize public participation in the integrated management of the bay regions;

4) Concur and/or conform to the Strategic Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) and related environmental action plans for the province of Batangas formulated and adopted by the BEPC, and assist the latter in monitoring and evaluating their implementation;

5) Formulate and adopt a bay region ICM action plan and related environmental action plans, which are aligned with the SEMP and monitor and evaluate their implementation;

6) Conduct consultations among national agencies, local government units, non- government organizations and the private sector to ensure that the activities, projects and programs are consistent with the plans, programs and policies adopted by the BEP Council;

7) Assist the BEPC in arranging for, and accept donations, grants, gifts, loans, and other funds from domestic and foreign sources, in behalf of the Batangas Environmental Trust Fund;

8) Recommend to the local legislative councils. local development councils, or to Congress, whenever appropriate, through the BEPC, such matters that may require national and/or local legislation or policy determination in support of a more efficient and effective environmental management of the province and that of the bay regions;

9) Adopt appropriate measures to ensure compliance with national and local laws pertaining to fisheries and coastal resources management, pollution abatement and control, and liability and compensation in the bay region, and to promote projects that will encourage the prevention, reduction, abatement, and risk management of marine pollution within the bay region;

10) Assist the BEPC in promoting health, welfare, and proper solid waste management in coordination with concerned boards such as, but not limited to, Provincial Disaster Coordinating Council and the Provincial Solid Waste Management Board;

11) Settle disputes, through arbitration, among local governments within the bay region that may arise in connection with the implementation of the SEMP and related plans, programs, and policies; other disputes beyond the authority of the board shall be brought to the BEPC for settlement;

12) Create a Technical Working Group (TWG), and technical committees within said TWG, as may be necessary, and/or call on any government agency, entity, or instrumentality, including NGOs, POs and the private sector, to advice the bay region board on specific issues and/or concerns and/or assist in the performance of its duties;

13) Delegate its power to the Secretariat or to any government agency, entity, or instrumentality, whenever necessary and appropriate, except in the adoption of the ICM Plan and related environmental action plans, and other policy determining functions which affect the whole bay regions;

14) Perform such other powers and functions as may be necessary in carrying out its mandate, and the provisions of this Ordinance. d. Technical Working Group. Each bay region TWG shall be headed by the provincial government office that is in charge of the dominant sector in the bay region. The TWG shall be composed of representatives both from government agencies and private sectors within the bay region. The bay region TWG shall have the following functions:

1) Help execute the plans and projects of the bay region boards;

2) Assist in monitoring and evaluating the results of the implementation of programs and projects, in behalf the bay region board to generate inputs to the next planning and programming cycle, and recommend the same to the bay region board;

3) Performs technical support to the bay region boards and to the city/municipal ICM council that may include, but not limited to the formulation of policies, programs and projects and the periodical revision of the SEMP and/or the ICM plans, upon direction of the BEPC and by the concerned bay region board.

4) Performs such other powers and functions, as may be necessary in carrying out its mandate, and the provisions of this Ordinance, and as delegated upon by the bay region board.

e. Secretariat. The provincial government office that is in charge of the dominant sector in the bay region shall act as the Secretariat of the bay region board. Specifically, the Secretariat shall have the following functions:

1) Perform administrative and record-keeping functions for the board. It shall set the agenda, keep the minutes and handle official communications of the board.

2) Liaise between the bay region board and its TWG and the TWG’s smaller technical committees, and among the bay region boards and the general public. 3) Provide technical assistance to the board in the performance of its mandates and functions, and in close coordination with their respective TWG members. Technical assistance may cover, but are not limited to those stated in Section 8 (e).

4) Monitor and evaluate the results of the implementation of programs and projects, in behalf of the board to generate inputs for the next planning and programming cycle.

5) Perform such other powers and functions, as may be necessary in carrying out its mandate, and the provisions of this Ordinance, and as delegated upon by the bay region board.

Section 6. Local integrated Coastal Management Council

a. Creation and Role. Respective ICM Council are hereby created by the coastal City/Municipal LGUs, on a multi-stakeholder body mandated by the concerned LGUs to develop integrated environmental policies, municipal wide action plans, and setting of guidelines for the implementation of the policies and action plans. It shall be responsible in ensuring implementation of ICM initiatives at the city/municipal level, consistent with the SEMP.

b. Composition. The local ICM Council shall be chaired by the respective city/municipal mayor and shall be composed of as many, but within a manageable number, representatives from various stakeholders as possible, including government agencies, and the private sector representatives, i.e. private business, NGOs and POs, Municipal Bantay-Dagat Chairman and the academe. c. Powers and Functions. The city/municipal ICM Council shall have the following powers and functions:

1) Develop policies and programs to ensure and promote the sustainable development of its municipality through proper conservation and utilization of natural resources and protection of its ecosystem;

2) Utilize the council as the inter-agency, cross-sector, and inter- barangay mechanism for sustainable development planning, evaluation and endorsement of development projects, enforcement of and compliance with concerned laws and regulations, scientific research, environmental monitoring and assessment, and information services, within the limitations of applicable city/municipal and provincial ordinances, and national laws including the Local Government Code;

3) Undertake appropriate information and education activities to promote involvement of all sectors of society and maximize public participation in the integrated management of the municipality and the various bay regions of the province;

4) Concur and/or conform to the Strategic Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) and related environmental action plans for the province of Batangas formulated and adopted by the BEPC and the ICM Plan and related bay region-wide environmental actions for formulated and adopted by the bay region board, and assist both the BEPC and the bay region board in the monitoring and evaluating their implementation;

5) Formulate, adopt, and implement city/municipal-specific ICM plan and related environmental action plans, consistent with the SEMP and monitor and evaluate their implementation;

6) Conduct consultations among its constituent-stakeholders to ensure that their activities, projects and programs are consistent with the ICM plan;

7) Assist the BEPC and the bay region board in arranging for, and accepting donations, grants, gifts, loans, and other funds from domestic and foreign sources, in behalf of the Batangas Environmental Trust Fund, without precluding the possibility of the local government unit, individually or in conjunction with other municipal LGUs, from establishing its own environmental trust fund;

8) Recommend to the Sangguniang Bayan/Panlalawigan and/or the Local Development Council, whenever appropriate, such matters that may require local or national legislation or policy determination in support of a more efficient and effective environmental management of the city/municipality;

9) Adopt appropriate measures to ensure compliance with national and local laws pertaining to fisheries and coastal resources management, pollution abatement and control, and liability and compensation in the municipality, and to promote projects, individually or in conjunction with other cities/municipalities, that will encourage the prevention, reduction, abatement, and risk management of marine pollution within the bay region and the municipal waters;

10) Promote health, welfare, and proper solid waste management, in coordination with concerned councils or boards such as, but not limited to, the City/Municipal Disaster Coordinating Council and the City/Municipal Solid Waste Management Board;

11) Create a Secretariat and technical committees, as may be necessary, and/or call on any government agency, entity, or instrumentality, including NGOs, POs and the private sector, to advice the ICM Council on specific issues and/or concerns and/or assist in the performance of its duties; provided that the Secretariat shall be appointed by the Mayor from any of the following: City/Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Officer (C/MENRO), City/Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator (C/MPDC) or the City/Municipal Agricultural Officer;

12) Delegate its power to the Secretariat or to any government agency, entity, or instrumentality, whenever necessary and appropriate, except in the adoption of its ICM Plan and related environmental action plans, and other policy determining functions which affect the whole city/municipality;

13) Perform such other powers and functions as may be necessary in carrying out its mandate, and the provisions of this Ordinance. d. City/Municipal ICM Secretariat. The Local Chief Executive of the City/Municipality concerned shall designate the council secretariat preferably designated City ENRO/Municipal ENRO or the Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator. The Secretariat of the city/municipal ICM Council shall have the following powers and functions:

1) Perform administrative and record-keeping functions for the ICM Council. It shall set the agenda, keep the minutes and handle official communications of the council.

2) Liaise between the ICM Council and the bay region board, other municipal ICM councils within the bay region, the stakeholders, and

the general public. The head of the Secretariat shall represent the ICM Council in the respective TWG of the bay region board.

3) Monitor and evaluate the results of the implementation of programs and projects to generate inputs for the next planning and programming cycle.

4) Perform technical support to the local ICM Council which may include, but not limited to, the formulation of policies, programs and projects and the periodic revision of the ICM plan, upon direction of the ICM Council.

5) Perform such other powers and functions as delegated upon by the ICM Council.

Section 7. Conflict Management . Local government units shall have primary responsibility in the evaluation, approval and monitoring of projects or activities within their respective territorial jurisdiction. Conflicts in resource use among various sectors within the city/municipality shall be discussed, evaluated and decided upon in the City/Municipal ICM Council. All local government units are enjoined to establish local environment and natural resources offices (ENROs) to help implement the SEMP and strengthen the conflict management process at the city/municipal level.

Projects involving issues, conflicts and impacts encompassing several municipalities shall be referred to their respective bay region board for discussion, evaluation, and decision; and for endorsement to the BEPC if the board fails to come up with a consensus or make a decision. Projects with multi-bay regional impacts shall be referred by the concerned bay region board to the BEPC for evaluation and decision.

Section 8. Integrated Land and Water Use Plan. The BEPC in coordination with the bay region boards shall develop and adopt an Integrated Land Water Use Zonation Plan which shall take into consideration the most appropriate combination of uses of both land and marine resources based on natural potentials and socio-economic development opportunities. The plan shall define limits of the development pattern of the bay regions in order to minimize resource use conflicts. The plan shall be integrated with the Provincial Physical Framework Plan to be consistent with the overall socio- economic development objectives of both provincial and municipal local governments and of the bay regions.

Section 9. Relationship with the Taal Volcano Protected Landscape. Efforts shall be made so that the implementation of the SEMP and the policies, plans, and programs developed by the BEPC shall be mutually supportive of the Taal Volcano Protected Landscape. Conversely, the Protected Area Management Board (PAMB) of the Taal Volcano Protected Landscape shall likewise be enjoined to ensure mutual cooperation with the BEPC. The PAMB Chair of the Taal Volcano Protected Landscape shall be invited as an ex-officio member of the BEPC.

CHAPTER III SUSTAINABLE FINANCING Section 10. Appropriations. Such funds as may be necessary for the administrative support of the BEPC and the bay region boards, the TWGs and technical committees, and the implementation of the functions of the PG-ENRO shall be charged to the current budget of the PG-ENRO. At least ONE MILLION PESOS (P1, 000,000) is hereby appropriated annually for the operations of the BEPC and the bay region boards. Said appropriation shall be included in the annual budget of the province of Batangas as statutory obligation. Concerned departments of the Provincial Government may likewise allocate funds, out of their respective appropriations, through programs or projects, directly or indirectly supporting or complementing the SEMP. All other amounts necessary for the implementation of this Ordinance shall be charged to the Batangas Environmental Trust Fund.

Section 11. Sustainable Financing of BEPC Operations and Programs. The BEPC shall establish a Batangas Environmental Trust Fund to finance the effective implementation of the SEMP. The money for the Fund may be sourced through direct allocations of local governments and congressional representatives, donations, grants, international assistance, a share in fees and charges that may be imposed, loans or bond flotation and other sources. The Fund shall be used to implement the operations and programs of the BEPC and the bay region boards, as well as specific action plans. The Fund shall also be used to develop the capabilities of local government units in implementing these programs. The BEPC in conjunction with the bay region boards shall formulate the guidelines for the management of the fund, which could either be an endowment fund or a sinking fund.

The BEPC in coordination with the bay region boards shall also develop innovative financing mechanisms to sustain the implementation of the various programs in the SEMP. A financing plan shall be developed which may include, but not limited to, user-pay schemes, build-operate transfer, fines, contributions, or similar schemes. The local government units, through their respective ICM Councils, singly, or in conjunction with other LGUs, may also establish their own environmental trust funds and/or develop innovative financing schemes that will finance and/or sustain the implementation of their respective action plans.

CHAPTER IV FINAL PROVISIONS Section 12. Implementing Rules and Regulations . The BEPC and the bay region boards shall promulgate their respective guidelines to implement this Ordinance.

Section 13. Repealing Clause. All ordinances, including Ordinance No. 001 S-96, orders, rules and regulations contrary to or inconsistent with this Ordinance are hereby repealed or modified accordingly.

Section 14. Separability Clause . If any provision of this Ordinance is declared illegal or unconstitutional, the other provisions of this Ordinance shall remain valid.

Section 15. Effectivity. This Ordinance shall take effect upon its approval.

Proposed Three-Tiered Multisectoral Organizational Structure

Provincial Dev’t Batangas Environmental Council Protection Council ------Chairman: Provincial Governor

Secretatriat: PG -ENRO Technical Working Group

Balayan Bay Tayabas Bay Batangay Bay ICM Board ICM Board ICM Board

Secretariat/Technical Working Group

Municipal ICM Council Municipal Development Chairman: Mayor Council Secretariat: MENRO/MPDC ------

Annex 4

POST EVALUATION PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

A. State indicators for ICM program Before 5 Years 10-15 State Indicators ICM After Years ICM After ICM

Physical/environmental • Coastal extension (km) • Area under ICM (sq km) • Levels of key pollutants • Solid wastes in the beach Economic • Average household income Social indicators • Public awareness on coastal issues • Intellectual capital Political • Vision & perception of local leaders & stakeholders • Participation of people/sectors • Enforcement of ICM related policies and regulations • Intergovernmental, inter-agencies and cross-sectoral partnerships

B. Process indicators for the ICM program in the BBR Process Indicators Score*

Preparation for Program Implementation • Project mechanism established • Core group formation • Consensus building among stakeholders • Capacity-building activities conducted

• Data/information related to specific management issues gathered and used for management • Management boundary defined • Public awareness created • Issue or area specific plan developed • Initial efforts to institutionalize ICM implementation • Environmental monitoring program developed • Information management system established and operational Development of ICM Program • Project monitoring, evaluation and reporting protocols developed • Data utilized for management decisions

*Scoring for process indicators: 0 – not available 1 – initiated 5 – significant progress 10 - completed

C. Response indicators for ICM programs Response Indicators Score*

Adoption and Implementation • Interagency, multisectoral coordinating committee established and operational • Action plan for ICM implemented • Communication plan implemented • Integrated environmental monitoring program implemented • Legislation for ICM amendments of existing regulations adopted and implemented • Information management system operational • Law enforcement mechanism strengthened • Project monitoring, evaluation and reporting protocols implemented

*Scoring for response indicators: 0 – not available 1 – initiated 5 – significant progress 10 - completed

D. Sustainability indicators for ICM programs Sustainability Indicators Score*

• Perception and behavior changes among stakeholders detected • Sustainable financing systems in support of ICM • Integration of ICM into local government development program • Mechanisms for knowledge generation, sharing and extension established and operational

*Scoring for sustainability indicators: 0 – not available 1 – initiated 5 – significant progress 10 - completed

E. Impact indicators for ICM programs Impact Indicators Score

Environmental impact indicators • Visual sign of improvement in environmental quality as shown in coastal water and in the beach • Protection of marine and coastal environment Economic impact indicators • Improved welfare condition • Employment opportunities increased Social impact indicators • Investment in environmental facilities and services increased • Utilization of coastal and marine resources harmonized • Public awareness on coastal issues and sustainable development increased Local governance/political impact indicators • Vision and perception of local leaders and stakeholders on sustainable development strengthened • Public participation mechanism strengthened • Effective enforcement practiced • Improved efficiency of the administrative process • Intergovernmental and cross sectoral partnerships and coordination strengthened

*Scoring for impact indicators 0 – not detected/cannot be determined 1 – sign of slight change 5 – sign of moderate change 10 - sign of significant change

Annex 5. Annual budget allocation by action program

Budgetary Requirement (P ’0000 Strategies/Component/ Activity 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2005-2010 2011-2015 2016-2020 Total

Institutional Development 4,275 4,290 4,290 4,640 4,215 4,840 26,550 19,700 19,700 65,950 and Integrated Planning Systems Institutional Development 1,375 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350 8,125 6,750 6,750 21,625 Integrated Planning System 700 475 475 825 400 1,025 3,900 625 625 5,150

Capacity Building 2,200 2,465 2,465 2,465 2,465 2,465 14,525 12,325 12,325 39,175

Waste Management 7,400 68,165 66,820 66,820 66,620 66,620 342,445 33,100 33,100 408,645 Solid Waste Management 5,540 65,540 64,825 64,825 64,625 64,625 330,280 23,125 23,125 376,530

Industrial & Agricultural Waste 1,560 2,625 1,995 1,995 1,995 1,995 12,165 9,975 9,975 32,115 Management

Habitat Restoration and 3,255 7,115 5,285 5,035 5,035 5,035 30,760 20,125 20,125 71,010 Management

Protected Area Management 2,000 4,000 2,700 2,700 2,700 2,700 16,800 13,500 13,500 43,800

Rehabilitation of Degraded 630 2,240 1,610 1,610 1,610 1,610 9,310 9,310 Habitat and Ecosystems Urban Greenbelts and Water 625 875 975 725 725 725 4,650 6,625 6,625 17,900 Front Reserves

Water Resources Protection 4,365 4,100 4,100 4,100 4,100 4,100 24,865 20,500 20,500 65,865 and Management Community-based Watershed 1,965 1,360 1,360 1,360 1,360 1,360 8,765 6,800 6,800 22,365 Reforestation and Urban Re- greening Water Use Rationalization 1,380 990 990 990 990 990 6,330 4,950 4,950 16,230 through Regulation and Market-based Instruments ICEC Campaign 1,020 1,750 1,750 1,750 1,750 1,750 9,770 8,750 8,750 27,270

Fisheries Protection and 5,770 8,795 8,270 8,270 8,270 8,270 47,645 39,325 39,325 126,295 Management

Marine Law Enforcement 2,950 2,925 2,925 2,925 2,925 2,925 17,575 14,625 14,625 46,825 Research, Policy, and 1,825 1,825 1,300 1,300 1,300 1,300 8,850 6,500 6,500 21,850 Institutional Support Livelihood and Enterprise 995 4,045 4,045 4,045 4,045 4,045 21,220 18,200 18,200 57,620 Development

Total 25,065 92,465 88,765 88,865 88,240 88,565 472,265 132,750 132,750 737,765

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