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George Cowan Passes Away at 92 May / June 2012 UPDATE IN THIS ISSUE George Cowan passes away at 92 > From the editor 2 > Phylometabolic tree 2 George Cowan, SFI’s founding president and Image: Los Alamos > A-bomb’s legacy 2 a central figure in the history of transdisci- National Laboratory plinary science, passed away at his home on > SFI In the News 2 April 20 at the age of 92. > Book News 2 “George Cowan’s death is a huge loss to us > Summer education 3 all,” said SFI President Jerry Sabloff. “He was > Children’s exhibit 3 a wonderful person with a visionary under- > Achievements 3 standing of the nature and role of science in > SFI Online 3 the world today. He will be greatly missed by everyone associated with the Santa Fe Insti- > Advanced workshop 3 tute.” (See “Goodbye George” below) > Donor Jerry Murdock 4 Cowan was a scientist, academic, business- > Farmer to Oxford 4 man, and philanthropist. From 1982 to 1984 > Upcoming events 4 he was the central figure in founding the Institute. Although he preferred to conduct research, he accepted the invitation to be SFI’s first president, a position in which he the Soviets were in possession of a nuclear idea that grew into SFI’s transdisciplinary RESEARCH NEWS served from 1984 to 1991. He continued bomb. He later served on the Bethe Panel focus. He was among the first to advocate to serve on the Institute’s Board of Trustees that convinced government decision makers the quantitative study of complex adaptive until his death. the radiochemistry detected represented systems. Turning vicious weapons uses rather than peaceful pursuits. Cowan received a B.S. from Worcester He received the Enrico Fermi Award, the New cycles virtuous Polytechnic Institute in 1941. He did gradu- He worked at Los Alamos National Laborato- Mexico Academy of Science Distinguished ry from 1949 to 1988, serving as a scientist, Scientist Award, the Robert H. Goddard ate studies at Princeton, where he worked Movie makers and fiction writers have as a director of chemistry, as associate labo- Award, the E.O. Lawrence Award, and the under future Nobel laureate Eugene Wigner, long depicted the disruption and fall of Los Alamos National Laboratory Medal. In whose investigation of uranium confirmed civilizations. But in a few works of fiction, 1997 he was elected a fellow of the Ameri- the feasibility of the Fermi pile. like the classic “Foundation” series by can Academy of Arts and Sciences. He continued his nuclear research with the “A researcher and smasher Isaac Asimov, scientists develop models to Manhattan Project at the University of Chi- of atoms who also founded a As a scientist, Cowan studied nonlinear help predict and avoid societal calamities. dynamics, using mathematical equations to cago, Oak Ridge, Columbia University, and bank and supported opera.” SFI Professor Luis Bettencourt has been predict the behavior of complex systems. Los Alamos. Because he was transferred to awarded $500,000 by the Army Research He had a particularly strong commitment to various locations as a technological trouble- – New York Times Office to do something akin to Asimov’s one such complex system, the human brain, shooter for the effort (a result, he joked, of models, but as a very real technique to his being unmarried), he was among the very and the effects of early childhood experience ratory director of research, and as a senior meet humankind’s contemporary chal- few people with knowledge of the separate on human brain development. He helped laboratory fellow. lenges of environmental change, energy formulate and lead a major study using brain components of the bomb, kept apart for demand, infectious disease, and violence. security reasons. He was appointed to the White House Sci- imaging techniques to investigate children’s ence Council during the Reagan administra- brain and behavioral development. What brings such an idea out of science He joined the Carnegie Institute of Technol- tion. While serving in this capacity and facing fiction and into the realm of genuine ogy in 1946. He earned a Ph.D. from the Cowan was a founding director of Los Alamos problems involving interconnected aspects research, Luis says, is the rapid expansion Mellon College of Science in 1950. National Bank and was its chairman for 30 of science, policy, economics, environment, years. He was a patron of the arts and was an > more on page 4 Weeks after his arrival at Los Alamos Na- and more, he became an outspoken critic early board member of the Santa Fe Opera. tional Laboratory in 1949, he directed the of scientific fragmentation in academia and detection of radioactive fallout from samples government and a proponent of the inten- George’s wife of 65 years, Helen “Satch” collected near the Russian border indicating tional cross-fertilization of many fields – an Cowan, passed away in August 2011. Q RESEARCH NEWS Better abstraction Goodbye George: A father figure with a ‘pioneer’s eye’ for real networks For SFI Professor Cris Moore, current net- SFI invited those who knew George Cowan miss him but SFI remains as his heritage.” work theory is too abstract. to share their memories of him on the Insti- – Peter Schuster tute’s website. Here are selected excerpts. “All of us in the field know in our hearts Read them all, or submit your own, at “[Los Alamos National Bank] made it possible that real networks are much, much richer www.santafe.edu. for two generations of non-US scientists to than the way network theorists typically establish themselves in Northern New Mexico deal with them,” he says. “George told me about growing up during without a US credit history.” Image: Walter Fontana the Great Depression in Worcester, – Steen Rasmussen He is co-hosting a workshop at SFI May Massachusetts. [At his father’s grocery store] 17-19, “Power Grids as Complex Net- George had the job of making baloney “George was that rare father figure who works: Formulating Problems for Useful sandwiches for [the men] who were out of raised us kids with strict standards and Science and Science Based Engineering,” money and hungry…That was when George sometimes tough criticism, but also generous to explore how network mathematicians was twelve…He never stopped making those pockets, unquestioning moral and intellectual can make better sense of electrical power sandwiches.” – Sam Bowles support, a pioneer’s eye and taste, and most networks. of all the hope that we would keep trying “In his years of presidency he shaped SFI and to be bad and break the rules and do things While power networks offer particular made it what it is now: a great flag on the different from what had been done before.” challenges, Cris hopes lessons from the landscape of complexity research. We shall – Erica Jen > more on page 4 SFI IN THE NEWS BOOK NEWS In March in the Wall Street Journal, Forbes, External Professor Eric Smith tracing the six Emergence and Archaeology of Wired, NPR, and other media, Jonah Lehrer, methods of carbon fixation seen in modern Collapse of Early the Southwest, author of Imagine, a new book about life back to a single ancestral form. Villages: Models Third Edition, creativity, cites SFI research suggesting that of Central Mesa by SFI External creativity is one natural outcome of urban liv- The Santa Fe New Mexican and KSFR’s Verde Archaeol- Professor Linda ing. But, the research points out, it comes at Santa Fe Radio Café covered the “Science ogy, co-edited by Cordell (School a cost – including expenses for energy use as On Screen” series in Santa Fe, a joint col- SFI External Profes- for Advanced well as an insatiable taste for “new things.” laboration of the Center for Contemporary sor Tim Kohler Research) and Arts and SFI during which Institute scien- (Washington State Maxine McBrinn, An essay in OpEd News on March 11 asks tists screen their favorite films and offer University) and provides a com- which economic perspective will inform U.S. eye-opening perspectives from their own Mark Varien, com- prehensive summary of the major themes financial reform, and traces the history of research and the world of science. pares results of agent-based modeling with and topics central to modern interpretation economic theory, including SFI’s founding the archaeological record, and examines and practice on the topic, and offers read- and its role in the advent of “complexity In the Huffington Post on April 17, SFI Ex- how climate change, population size, inter- ers the latest in current research, debates, economics.” ternal Professors Dan Rockmore and David personal conflict, resource depletion, and and topical syntheses, as well as increased Krakauer imagine a vastly different university changing social organization might have coverage of Paleoindian and Archaic peri- In April, the Huffington Post and of the future – decentralized, infused with contributed to dramatic shifts in ancestral ods and the Casas Grandes phenomenon. MSNBC covered publication of a study by information technologies, and rich in trans- Puebloan habitation of the Mesa Verde For advanced undergraduate and graduate SFI Omidyar Fellow Rogier Braakman and disciplinary, collaborative scholarship. region from 600 to 1280 A.D. courses, researchers, and general readers. Nonlinearities From the editor RESEARCH NEWS George Cowan left us April 20. I didn’t know him well, but I know enough about Finding the roots and early branches on the tree of life him to understand that he is one of the giants on whose shoulders we at SFI stand. In a new paper, SFI Omidyar Fellow Rogier rickety assemblies whose parts were con- and that rewinding and replaying the evolu- There is hardly a philanthropic, scientific, Braakman and External Professor D.
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