DOCSLIB.ORG

Kurdistan Bulletin5

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Kurdistan Bulletin5 Published By: The International Bureau of Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan Iranian Kurdistan Bulletin IRANIAN KURDISTAN BULLETIN NUMBER 5, FEBRUARY 2003 Municipal Election inInside Iran, a test this of legitimacy issue: for the Regime 1 “The Iranian Judicial system is alien from the culture of attorney and defense lawyer” 2 Louis Joinet: The head of the UN team examining arbitrary detention in Iran The execution of another prisoner of consciousness in Iran 2 “The world community has well realized that there is no possibility of fundamental reform in Iran under the reign of Islamic Republic” 3 URDISTAN URDISTAN K A Interview with Secretary-general, Abdullah Hassanzadeh “No doubts, the ultimate freedom of an oppressed nations depends RANIAN directly on all kinds of sacrifices that the individual members of that I 5 of of nations make” Mustafa Hijri’s speech on the Kurdish Freedom-fighters Day ARTY ARTY The Execution of Democratic Activists Continues... P 7 By: Wurya Hussieni The Kurdistan Republic of 1946 “The Kurdistan Republic of 1946 has been one of the most important symbols of 9 Kurdish nationalism…” Dr. Hussien Taheri EMOCRATIC EMOCRATIC D Press Review: Iran’s Distant ‘Second Revolution’ - Stephen C. Fairbanks 12 Iran’s revolution has failed - The International Herald Tribune A report of Secretary-general’s tour of Europe, The 8th Party Plenum, Severe economic conditions burry people under avalanche, The 14 Participation of a PDKI delegation at NDP Convention Open letter: Stop Iran from suppressing the Kurds and interfering in 15 Kurdish affairs Meeting of the Socialist International Council, Rome, 20-21 January 2003 RESOLUTION ON THE IRANIAN KURDS The Council of the Socialist International, meeting in Rome on 20-21 January 2003, Taking note of the developments that have taken place during these last years in Iran, ♦ Encourages all forces in favour of democracy and human rights to continue on the road towards change and reform; ♦ Strongly condemns the grave violations of human rights and democratic freedoms committed by the enemies of reform in that country, including the closing down of several newspapers, the arrest of journalists, intellectuals and students who favour change, and the death penalties and execution of Kurdish militants; ♦ Denounces the repression against the Kurds in Iran and underlines the need to find a peaceful solution to the Kurdish problem in Iran; ♦ Reasserts its support for the legitimate rights of the Kurds in Iran and its solidarity with the Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (PDKI), a member of the Socialist International which remains faithful to democratic values and to a peaceful solution to Kurdish problem in Iran. NUMBER 5, FEBRUARY 2003 PAGE 1 Municipal election in Iran, a test of legitimacy for the regime Iran staged its that any reform is impossible running for office, this time, did second-ever within the current establishment. not even reach 20 percent of the municipal-council The opener atmosphere in 1st local elections. The strong elections on 28 capital that resulted in large disillusionment with the system February. Campaigning for the turnout in previous three resulted in the low turnout rate, elections began on 20 February elections proved extremely below the national average. In and continued until midnight on fruitless; however, outside the many townships and villages 26 February, where candidates capital, pressure has remained in because not enough candidates competed for some 168,000 effect so the voters have tried to volunteered to register, the positions in cities, villages, and use this election as their only regime started to threaten people; townships. resort to bring change to the way so as if they did not register, they Between 35 million their daily affairs are governed, would be barred from eligible voters (according to the and exhaust all possibilities. The government services and posts. Plan and Budget Organization) voter turnout outside the capital The voters have, this time, tried and 39 million eligible voters was broader. Still, according to first to penalize those whom they (according to the State official figures, voter turnout was had elected in the previous Registration Office and IRNA) less than 50 percent. elections, and prove the were eligible to vote in the However, according to illegitimacy of this regime by previous municipal elections in BBC News “the turnout in staying away from the polls. It 1999. The voting age at that should be noted that the time was 16. The voting boycott of many political age was subsequently parties this time had also lowered to 15, and more tremendous effect on public than 44.5 million Iranians -- opinion. Democratic Party of everyone born before 8 Iranian Kurdistan in a June 1986 -- were eligible to communiqué called upon the vote in the May 2001 people of Kurdistan to refrain presidential election. This from voting; “We hope that time every Iranian born not only in Kurdistan but in before 28 February 1988 the rest of Iran, those who was eligible to vote. As of value their dignity and enjoy July 2002, the population was Tehran was low, only around 25 public respect do not register for estimated to be 66,622,704, and percent, indicating the second so-called council 68.4 percent of the population disillusionment with politics and elections, so as not to become an was estimated to be 15 or older. the slow pace of change in the instrument of legitimacy for the This meant that there were country.” Others have estimated dictatorship of juriscouncil…We approximately 45.6 million that the turnout in the city may hope that the day will come that eligible voters. In 1999 council have been as little as 15 percent. the people of Iran freely elect, elections, about 64 percent of the This is the result of public and the peoples’ representatives eligible voters turned out to vote. frustration over the pace of embody the people’s will.” Many inside and abroad reform, and according to BBC Many officials from both camps dissidents and political parties “this poll was seen as a kind of called the turnout a ‘national supported the elections as a way referendum on the popularity of tragedy’. Hopefully, the result to empower the electorate and the president and his programme will force the regime to accept a other elected bodies; however, of peaceful and legal reform.” national referendum to vote on the inability and lack of progress Electorate in the Kurdish the kind of government structure by the so-called reformist areas expressed very little that the people would like to President, and the parliament has enthusiasm registering, to the establish. disillusioned the general public extent that the number of people PAGE 2 NUMBER 5, FEBRUARY 2003 Louis Joinet: In Iran, there exists freedom of expression; However, those who speak out, get in trouble. Louis Joinet, the head of system is alien from the culture of they have concluded that there are the UN arbitrary detention attorney and defense lawyer.” absurdity between the sentences examining team briefed and the offenses. reporters in a press conference In regards to the following his team’s return from practicality of defense attorney two weeks of investigations and in Iran’s judicial system, Louis visits of Iran’s prisons. Louis Joinet said: “The freedom to Joinet stated: His team in this choose defense attorney for mission, have met many political prisoners is much more government officials, and also restrained. Most of the lawyers visited several imprisoned who come forward to defend politicians (among them several jailed political, also end up in jail detained lawyers) in Evin preparing their final defense prison, meeting overall100 On the existence of arguments. We have realized that prisoners. Aside from the freedom of expression in Iran, the lawyers defending the notorious Evin prison, they also Louis Joinet said: “In Iran the detainees, because they have visited several other prisons. Mr. problem is not the lack of freedom criticized the ill-treatment of their Joinet said that the prisoners, of expression, rather troubles arise client or criticized the judicial especially political prisoners, are when political opinions are system, have been questioned. faced with serious impediments; actually expressed.” Louis Joinet Most judges prevent lawyers from they are held in solitary referred to a few examples of being present at the hearings, even confinements that are, in fact, violating the International in preliminary hearings.” prisons within prison. Mr. Joinet Covenant on Civil and Political Louis Joinet questioned the stated that in Iran people are jailed Rights, which Iran is a signatory. existence of the cleric and military without any grounds. He also He also stated that in their meeting courts in Iran, and said that the commented, “The Iranian judicial with the prisoners and detainees, logic of their existence is unclear. The execution of another prisoner of consciousness by the regime in Iran Habibullah Tanhaeyan, 41 body of this brave activist, bearing all the people of Sanandaj and the years old, married with three the signs of excessive torture, was surroundings. We hope that the children, from the city of Sanandaj returned to his family four days blood of this triumphant martyr, was detained on 11 December after his execution. and others alike, have not been 2002 by the regime’s intelligence Such a murderous crime of exhausted in attaining peace and elements in the city of Sanandaj. the regime is carried out when a freedom, and their legacy have not He had been taken into custody European Union delegation was in been washed out; rather, several times before and held for the midst of dialogue with the thousands of city youth eager for several months on each occasion regime in Iran over human rights freedom continue their path and by the regime in Iran accused of violations, as well as respect for seek justice for all the crimes having ties with Democratic Party the rights of the Kurds.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lament of Ahmad Khani: a Study of the Historical Struggle of the Kurds for an Independent Kurdistan
    Lament of Ahmad Khani: A Study of the Historical Struggle of the Kurds for an Independent Kurdistan Erik Novak Department of Political Science Villanova University The Kurdish poet Sheikmous Hasan, better known as Cigerxwin, wrote these words as part of his much larger work, Who Am I? while living in exile in Sweden. “I am the proud Kurd, the enemies’ enemy, the friend of peace-loving ones. I am of noble race, not wild as they claim. My mighty ancestors were free people. Like them I want to be free and that is why I fight, for the enemy won’t leave in peace and I don’t want to be forever oppressed.”1 Although Hasan, who died in 1984, was a modern voice for Kurdish nationalism, he is merely one of a chorus of Kurds reaching back centuries crying out for a free and independent Kurdish state, unofficially named Kurdistan. Although the concept of nationalism is common today, the cries of the Kurds for their own state reach back centuries, the first written example coming from the Kurdish poet Ahmad Khani in his national epic Mem-o-Zin in 1695. Mem-o-Zin actually predates the French Revolution of 1789, which is often thought to be the true beginning of the concept of a national state. Despite having conceived of nationalism for the Kurds nearly a century ahead of France and the rest of Western Europe, the Kurds lack a state of their own. What are the origins of Kurdish nationalist thought and how has it evolved over the years? To answer this question, we will track the evolution of Kurdish nationalist thought from its origins during the Ottoman Empire, 1 through World War I and up to the present by looking at the three successor states of the Ottoman Empire that contain the largest Kurdish populations: Turkey, Iran, and Iraq.
    [Show full text]
  • ISIS and the Sunni Separatists Aim Fire at Iran Visit WEB Receive Newsletter
    Opinion Document 62/2017 5 June, 2017 Ely Karmon* ISIS and the Sunni Separatists Aim Fire at Iran Visit WEB Receive Newsletter ISIS and the Sunni Separatists Aim Fire at Iran Abstract: Iran has a central and controversial role in Middle East politics. It is on the one hand one of the intervening actors in the conflicts of the zone and on the other it suffers from terrorism in its territory, in the Baluchistan and Iranian Kurdistan as well as from ISIS. It is to be foreseen an increase of the terrorist activity of this group in the country once the ISIS is defeated in Syria and Irak. Keywords: Iran, terrorism, ISIS, Baluchistan, Kurdistan * NOTE: The ideas contained in the Opinion Documents are the responsibility of their authors, without necessarily reflecting the thinking of the IEEE or the Ministry of Defense. Documento de Opinión 62/2017 1 ISIS and the Sunni Separatists Aim Fire at Iran Ely Karmon The ISIS threat On March 26, 2017, the ISIS information office in Diyala Province, Iraq, published a 37- minute video in Farsi, with some parts in the Baluchi dialect, titled, "Persia – Between Yesterday and Today." The video accuses Iranian Shi'ites of committing many crimes against Sunnis and oppressing the Sunni population of Iran, "exporting the revolution," spreading Shi'ism, and secretly collaborating with the U.S. and Israel. The main speakers in the video are Abu Faruq al-Farisi, speaking Farsi, Abu Mujahid al- Baluchi, speaking Baluchi, and Abu Sa'd al-Ahwazi (from the Ahwaz region). The three speakers call on Iranian Sunnis to rise up against the current Iranian regime and “join the path of jihad.” The group is comprised of "Persian" fighters belonging to the Salman Al- Farisi Brigade, training in urban combat and firing at targets with images of Khomeini, Khamenei, and other Iranian leaders.1 Consistent with ISIS practice, the video documents the execution of four members of Iranian-backed Shi'ite militias in Iraq.
    [Show full text]
  • Middle East Program Occasional Paper Series Fall 2016
    MIDDLE EAST PROGRAM OCCASIONAL PAPER SERIES FALL 2016 MIDDLE EAST PROGRAM FALL OCCASIONAL PAPER SERIES 2016 From Tribe to Nation: Iraqi Kurdistan on the Cusp of Statehood “For better or nition that after decades of dogged, if at times Amberin Zaman, worse, it is hard unorthodox, efforts to build their own state, Public Policy Fellow, Woodrow Wilson International to escape [the] the Iraqi Kurds are on the cusp of formally de- Center for Scholars conclusion that claring independence. It is no longer a matter future of Iraqi of “if” but “when.” Kurds lies with And the United States, as much as Iraq’s their integration neighbors—Iran, Turkey, and Syria, which into Iraqi state have restive Kurdish populations of their […] In terms of re- own—needs to be ready when Iraqi Kurdis- gional stability, it is probably preferable that tan, the first real Kurdish state in the modern [the] Kurdish independence movement does sense, is born. Most importantly, so do the not succeed.” Thus opined an American dip- Kurds. lomat stationed in Baghdad in a secret cable It will be a premature birth on many dated July 1, 1973.1 counts. The Kurdistan Regional Government Forty-three years on, official U.S. policy— (KRG) remains at war against jihadists of the that Iraq needs to remain territorially intact— so-called Islamic State (ISIS). Collapsing oil has not changed. But there is growing recog- prices have bankrupted the KRG’s rentier 1 MIDDLE EAST PROGRAM OCCASIONAL PAPER SERIES FALL 2016 About the Middle East Program Director The Middle East Program was launched in February 1998 in light of Henri J.
    [Show full text]
  • Re-Imagining National Struggle
    Centre for Middle Eastern Studies Re-imagining national struggle Resistance narratives within the exiled Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts in Middle Eastern Studies Author: Carl Bradshaw Advisors: Vittorio Felci and Torsten Janson Examiner: Rola El-Husseini Date: June 20, 2019 I am in love with the mountains, hills, and rocks. Even if I freeze today because of hunger and nudity, I will not submit to the settlements of the foreigner as long as I am on this land. I am not afraid of chains nor cords nor sticks nor prison. Cut in pieces until they kill me, I will still say that I am a Kurd. Hemin Mukriyani, Poet Laureate of the Republic of Kurdistan (Natali 2005, 127) ii Abstract In 2016 the Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran (KDPI) decided to modify its resistance strategy towards the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI). This study analyses political imaginations within the displaced KDPI community in Iraqi Kurdistan through a social constructivist paradigm and the methods of observations and interviews. Findings highlight “insider views” of resistance and outline how identity processes and memory cultures are pivotal to comprehend resistance narratives within the KDPI community. The study further suggests that identity construction is manufactured by broader shared values rather than narrow ethno-cultural allegiance, while being enunciated through nationalist discourse in pursuit of ideational legitimacy. Concerning memory, findings indicate that history is reconstructed to support present political needs. Memories emblematize values of heroism and trauma, constituting a central power resource through which KDPI members express their identity constructions and legitimize resistance.
    [Show full text]
  • News & Analysis As Iran Polls Loom, Kurds Sharpen Ethnic Divisions
    October 9, 2016 17 News & Analysis Iran As Iran polls loom, Kurds sharpen ethnic divisions Gareth Smyth London n Iran’s 2005 presidential election, reformist candidate Mostafa Moin used a series of posters featuring Iranians in an array of traditional clothing Ito project himself as a man sympa- thetic to the half of Iran’s popula- tion that hails from its ethnic mi- norities. In the 2013 election, the centrist Hassan Rohani polled well among both the Baluchis in eastern Iran and the Kurds in the west. Treatment of non-Persian groups remains divided between reform- ists and pragmatists on one side such as Rohani, and fundamental- ists on the other, who often look to security solutions. The Kurds and Baluchis are particularly suspect not just because both have spawned armed groups hostile to the Islamic Republic but also because they — unlike the Azeris, Iran’s largest ethnic minority, or Turkic-speaking nomads — are Sunni Muslims. Rohani visited Kurdistan in June and made a speech in Mahabad, capital of the short-lived Soviet- backed Kurdish Republic of 1946. A new recruit of the Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan trains at their base in Koya, northern Iraq, last September. He promised to open Kurdish-lan- guage centres since the “mother tongue of ethnic groups, especially Brigadier-General Mohammad Pa- Assad or the Islamic State (ISIS). sisted the KDPI cannot give blanket eralism and the party draws on the of Kurds, should be respected and kpour alleged they were supported Unlike the PKK, the KDPI has assurances to the Iraqi Kurdish au- political legacy of Abdulrahman recognised”.
    [Show full text]
  • Kurdish National Congress of North America P.O.Box 50216, Irvine, CA 92619
    Kurdish National Congress of North America P.O.Box 50216, Irvine, CA 92619, www.kncna.org Summary of the seminar: Hope, Trauma, and Resilience, the Case of Rojhallat of Kurdistan July 23, 2011 The Kurdish National Congress of North America (KNC-NAL organized a seminar on July 23, 2011 in Irvine, CA titled: Hope, Trauma, and Resilience, the Case of Rojhallat of Kurdistan. Guest speakers included Mrs. Sohyela Qazi, and Dr. Kajal Rahmani in addition to some of the KNC-NA directors and other local personalities in Southern California. Following is a short script of the program: Rojahllat of Kurdistan resembles a battered woman separated from three living sisters. She has witnessed various traumas, her hopes have been crushed many times, yet she remains resilient and plans not to give up until she is free. The lives of many of her children remind us of orphans abused by an antisocial, manipulative, and violent step father, the central government of Iran. Some of the offspring of the traumatized Rojhallat of Kurdistan include: Qazi Muhammad (1893-1947) was the founder of Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran, ascended to the presidency of the short lived Republic of Kurdistan in Iran, and was hanged in public in March 1947. According to some reports the Iranian monarch of the time had later apologized to Qazi's family for taking Qazi’s life under the pressure of Washington DC. Mr. Foad Mostafa Soltani (1948-1979) studied Electrical Engineering. He and a number of Kurdish university students formed a clandestine organization which later came to be known as Komala in the fall of 1969.
    [Show full text]
  • 4/2013 Iranian Kurds
    4/2013 ENG Iranian Kurds On Conditions for Iranian Kurdish Parties in Iran and KRI, Activities in the Kurdish Area of Iran, Conditions in Border Area and Situation of Returnees from KRI to Iran 30 May to 9 June 2013 Copenhagen, September 2013 Danish Refugee Council Danish Immigration Service Borgergade 10, 3rd floor Ryesgade 53 1300 Copenhagen K 2100 Copenhagen Ø Phone: 00 45 33 73 50 00 Phone: 00 45 35 36 66 00 Web: www.drc.dk Web: www.newtodenmark.dk E-mail:[email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Overview of Danish fact finding reports published in 2012 and 2013 Update (2) On Entry Procedures At Kurdistan Regional Government Checkpoints (Krg); Residence Procedures In Kurdistan Region Of Iraq (Kri) And Arrival Procedures At Erbil And Suleimaniyah Airports (For Iraqis Travelling From Non-Kri Areas Of Iraq), Joint Report of the Danish Immigration Service/UK Border Agency Fact Finding Mission to Erbil and Dahuk, Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI), conducted 11 to 22 November 2011 2012: 1 Security and human rights issues in South-Central Somalia, including Mogadishu, Report from Danish Immigration Service’s fact finding mission to Nairobi, Kenya and Mogadishu, Somalia, 30 January to 19 February 2012 2012: 2 Afghanistan, Country of Origin Information for Use in the Asylum Determination Process, Rapport from Danish Immigration Service’s fact finding mission to Kabul, Afghanistan, 25 February to 4 March 2012 2012: 3 Chechens in the Russian Federation – residence registration, racially motivated violence and fabricated criminal cases, Joint report from the Danish
    [Show full text]
  • On the Margins: Arrest, Imprisonment and Execution of Kurdish Activists in Iran Today I
    On the Margins: Arrest, Imprisonment and Execution of Kurdish Activists in Iran Today i COVER Iran Human Rights Documentation Center The Iran Human Rights Documentation Center (IHRDC) believes that the development of an accountability movement and a culture of human rights in Iran are crucial to the long-term peace and security of the country and the Middle East region. As numerous examples have illustrated, the removal of an authoritarian regime does not necessarily lead to an improved human rights situation if institutions and civil society are weak, or if a culture of human rights and democratic governance has not been cultivated. By providing Iranians with comprehensive human rights reports, data about past and present human rights violations, and information about international human rights standards, particularly the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the IHRDC programs will strengthen Iranians’ ability to demand accountability, reform public institutions, and promote transparency and respect for human rights. Encouraging a culture of human rights within Iranian society as a whole will allow political and legal reforms to have real and lasting weight. The IHRDC seeks to: . Establish a comprehensive and objective historical record of the human rights situation in Iran, and on the basis of this record, establish responsibility for patterns of human rights abuses; . Make the record available in an archive that is accessible to the public for research and educational purposes; . Promote accountability, respect for human rights and the rule of law in Iran; and . Encourage an informed dialogue on the human rights situation in Iran among scholars and the general public in Iran and abroad.
    [Show full text]
  • Country Information and Guidance Iran: Kurds and Kurdish Political Groups
    Country Information and Guidance Iran: Kurds and Kurdish political groups Version 2.0 July 2016 Preface This document provides country of origin information (COI) and guidance to Home Office decision makers on handling particular types of protection and human rights claims. This includes whether claims are likely to justify the granting of asylum, humanitarian protection or discretionary leave and whether – in the event of a claim being refused – it is likely to be certifiable as ‘clearly unfounded’ under s94 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002. Decision makers must consider claims on an individual basis, taking into account the case specific facts and all relevant evidence, including: the guidance contained with this document; the available COI; any applicable caselaw; and the Home Office casework guidance in relation to relevant policies. Country Information The COI within this document has been compiled from a wide range of external information sources (usually) published in English. Consideration has been given to the relevance, reliability, accuracy, objectivity, currency, transparency and traceability of the information and wherever possible attempts have been made to corroborate the information used across independent sources, to ensure accuracy. All sources cited have been referenced in footnotes. It has been researched and presented with reference to the Common EU [European Union] Guidelines for Processing Country of Origin Information (COI), dated April 2008, and the European Asylum Support Office’s research guidelines, Country of Origin Information report methodology, dated July 2012. Feedback Our goal is to continuously improve the guidance and information we provide. Therefore, if you would like to comment on this document, please email the Country Policy and Information Team.
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond the Traditional Intelligence Agenda: Examining the Merits of A
    An Interview with the PKK's Ocalan by Michael M. Gunter In early March 1998, I left the United States for a long journey to the Middle East and two days of lengthy, very revealing discussions with Abudllah (Apo) Ocalan, the long- time, reclusive leader of the Partiva Karkaren Kurdistan (PKK) or Kurdistan Workers Party. Vilified in Turkey and officially listed by the United States State Department as a terrorist organization, the PKK had grown out of the leftist fervor in Turkish politics and rebirth of Kurdish nationalism that had occurred in Turkey during the 1960-70s. After several years of preparation, Ocalan had then officially created the PKK on 27 November 1978.1 Ocalan began his current armed struggle with two well-coordinated attacks on Eruh and Semdinli, villages in southeastern Turkey separated by more than 200 miles of rugged, mountainous terrain, on 15 August 1984. By the spring of 1998, more than 27,000 people had been killed, 3,000 villages totally or partially destroyed, and up to 3,000,000 people in Turkey internally displaced. Despite official Turkish claims that the PKK has been all but defeated in recent years,2 the PKK's struggle clearly continues and threatens the very future of Turkey. My meeting with Ocalan promised to give me new and valuable insights into his strategy and personality. I was not disappointed. Through contacts I had made with various PKK fronts in Britain, I was able to obtain an invitation to visit Ocalan. I first flew to London and then on to Damascus where I was met at the airport by Ali Homam Ghasi.
    [Show full text]
  • Willing to Face Death: a History of Kurdish Military Forces — the Peshmerga — from the Ottoman Empire to Present-Day Iraq Michael G
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2005 Willing to Face Death: A History of Kurdish Military Forces — the Peshmerga — from the Ottoman Empire to Present-Day Iraq Michael G. Lortz Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Willing to Face Death: A History of Kurdish Military Forces – the Peshmerga – from the Ottoman Empire to Present-Day Iraq By Michael G. Lortz A thesis submitted to the Department of International Affairs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Degree Awarded: Fall Semester, 2005 Copyright © 2005 Michael G. Lortz All Rights Reserved The members of the Committee approve the thesis of Michael G. Lortz defended on 28 October 2005. __________________________ Peter Garretson Professor Directing Thesis __________________________ Burton Atkins Committee Member __________________________ Jonathan Grant Committee Member The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii On a personal note, I would like to dedicate this thesis to my parents, George and Marianne Lortz. Thank you for your support. You have shown a lot of patience in watching me decide what I finally want to do with myself. I know it sounds cliché, but thank you and I love you both. To my brother, my grandparents, and all my other family and friends, thank you for your support and love as well. To Dr. Peter Garretson, thank you for the academic support and leading me in the right direction.
    [Show full text]
  • Selected, Allegedly Iran-Sponsored Attempts to Kill Iranian Expatriates, 1979-2012
    Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Faculty Publications 2013-03-12 Appendix 1: Selected, allegedly Iran-sponsored attempts to kill Iranian expatriates, 1979-2012 Brian Champion [email protected] Lee Crowther [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub Part of the Library and Information Science Commons, and the Near and Middle Eastern Studies Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Champion, Brian and Crowther, Lee, "Appendix 1: Selected, allegedly Iran-sponsored attempts to kill Iranian expatriates, 1979-2012" (2013). Faculty Publications. 1570. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub/1570 This Supplementary Materials is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Champion and Crowther 1 Appendix 1: Selected, allegedly Iran-sponsored attempts to kill Iranian expatriates, 1979-2012 By Brian Champion and Lee Crowther Published 12 March 2013 | Last revised 11 January 2017 ******************** Contents Introduction 2 Includes possibilities for future research Tables 1.1 4 In tables 1.1, we present details for 86 events that took place between 1979 and 2012. Margins and Discrepancies 38 This section includes table 1.2, which mentions events that didn’t quite fit the criteria for our survey; table 1.3, which touches on contradictions between sources; table 1.4, which lists alternate names for various groups; and tables 1.5, which list different renderings of target’s names. Table 1.6 63 Table 1.6 is an abridgement of tables 1.1.
    [Show full text]