DOCSLIB.ORG

5Mg/6Mg Tablets for Example Valsartan, Telmisartan, Irbesartan, Etc.), in Particular Ramipril 5Mg If You Have Diabetes-Related Kidney Problems, • Aliskiren

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
5Mg/6Mg Tablets for Example Valsartan, Telmisartan, Irbesartan, Etc.), in Particular Ramipril 5Mg If You Have Diabetes-Related Kidney Problems, • Aliskiren PACKAGE LEAFLET: INFORMATION FOR THE USER • If you are taking any of the following medicines used to treat high blood pressure: • an ’angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARBs) (also known as sartans - 5mg/6mg Tablets for example valsartan, telmisartan, irbesartan, etc.), in particular Ramipril 5mg if you have diabetes-related kidney problems, • aliskiren. Piretanide 6mg Your doctor may check your kidney function, blood pressure, and the amount of electrolytes (e.g. potassium) in your blood at regular intervals. See information under the heading ’Do not take Trialix Tablets’. • You have gout Is this leaflet hard to see or read? • You feel dizzy or dehydrated. This can happen if you have lost a Phone 01 403 5600 for help lot of body salts or fluids (through being sick (vomiting), having Read all of this leaflet carefully before you start using this diarrhoea, sweating more than usual, being on a low salt diet, medicine because it contains important information for you. passing water very often or having had dialysis. It can also happen • Keep this leaflet. You may need to read it again if you are having trouble drinking or eating • If you have any further questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist • If you have been pre-treated with diuretics (drugs to increase • This medicine has been prescribed for you only. Do not pass it the rate of urination) on to others. It may harm them, even if their signs of illness are • You are going to receive an anaesthetic. This may be given for an the same as yours. operation or any dental work. You may need to stop your Trialix • If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. Tablets treatment one day beforehand; ask your doctor for advice This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. • You have high levels of potassium in your blood (shown in blood What is in this leaflet: test results) 1. What Trialix Tablets are and what they are used for • You have collagen vascular disease such as scleroderma or systemic 2. What you need to know before you take Trialix Tablets lupus erythematosus 3. How to take Trialix Tablets • You must tell your doctor if you think that you are (or might become) 4. Possible side effects pregnant. Trialix Tablets should not be used during pregnancy. 5. How to store Trialix Tablets If you are not sure if any of the above apply to you, talk to your 6. Contents of the pack and other information doctor or pharmacist before taking Trialix Tablets. Other medicines and Trialix Tablets 1. What Trialix Tablets are and what they are used for Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking, have recently taken or might take any other medicines. What Trialix Tablets are This includes medicines you buy without a prescription, including The name of your medicine is Trialix 5mg/6mg Tablets (called Trialix herbal medicines. Tablets throughout this leaflet). Trialix Tablets contain two medicines This is because Trialix Tablets can affect the way some other medicines called ramipril and piretanide. work. Also, some medicines can affect the way Trialix Tablets work. Your Trialix is a combination product with one ingredient belonging to doctor may need to change your dose and/or take other precautions. a group of medicines called ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) If you are taking an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) or aliskiren Inhibitors which act on the heart and blood vessels. It also contains a see also information under the headings ’Do not take Trialix Tablets’ diuretic which helps you to pass more water (urine) than you usually do. and ’Warnings and Precautions’. What Trialix Tablets are used for In particular, tell your doctor if you are taking any of the Trialix Tablets can be used: following: • To continue treatment of high blood pressure (hypertension) in • Sacubitril/valsartan – used for treating a type of long term (chronic) those patients who are insufficiently controlled with monotherapy heart failure in adults (see section 2 ‘Do not take Trialix Tablets’). (treatment with ramipril or piretanide alone). There is an increased risk of angioedema in patients taking ACE How Trialix Tablets work inhibitors with sacubitril/valsartan. Trialix Tablets work by: • Medicines used to relieve pain and inflammation (e.g. Non-Steroidal • Decreasing your body’s production of substances that could raise Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS)) such as indomethacin, aspirin. your blood pressure. • Medicines used for the treatment of high and low blood pressure, • Making your blood vessels relax and widen shock, cardiac failure, asthma or allergies. Your doctor will need • Making it easier for your heart to pump blood around your body to check your blood pressure. • Helping you to pass more water (urine) than you usually do • Medicines containing aliskiren used to treat hypertension. 2. What you need to know before you take Trialix Tablets • Medicines which suppress the immune response such as corticoids, cytostatics & antimetabolites. Do not take Trialix Tablets: • Medicines which can increase the amount of potassium in your • If you are allergic (hypersensitive) to ramipril, piretanide, any other blood such as spironolactone, potassium salts and heparin (for ACE inhibitor medicine or any of the other ingredients of Trialix thinning blood). Tablets (listed in Section 6 below). Signs of an allergic reaction • Medicines used to lower the uric acid in your blood such as include: a rash, swallowing or breathing problems, swelling of Allopurinol. your lips, face, throat or tongue • Medicines used as a general anaesthetic for relaxing your muscles • If you are allergic to sulphonamides. during surgery. • If you have ever had a serious allergic reaction called ‘angioedema’. • If you are going to have treatment to reduce your allergy to bee The signs include itching, hives (urticaria), red marks on the hands, or wasp stings (desensitisation). feet and throat, swelling of the throat and tongue, swelling around • Medicines for diabetes. These may not work as well when you the eyes and lips, difficulty breathing and swallowing. are using Trialix Tablets. • If you have ever had a serious allergic reaction called ‘intestinal • Vildagliptin - a medicine for diabetes. There has been an increased angioedema’. The signs include abdominal pain (with or without incidence of angioedema in patients taking Vildagliptin and ACE inhibitors. nausea or vomiting). • Lithium – used for mental illnesses. To help stop side effects your • If you have taken or are currently taking sacubitril/valsartan, a medicine doctor may need to change the dose of your lithium and check used to treat a type of long-term (chronic) heart failure in adults. the amount of lithium in your blood. • If you have heart problems such as heart failure • Medicines used for heart problems including digitalis preparations. • If you have hypertension and are taking medicine, containing Your doctor may need to change the dose of your medicine. aliskiren, to treat it. • Medicines used for depression. • If you are having dialysis or any other type of blood filtration. • Medicines used for sleeping disorders. Depending on the machine that is used, Trialix Tablets may not • mTOR Inhibitors e.g. temsirolimus, a medicine used to treat certain be suitable for you. types of cancer. • If you have diabetes or impaired kidney function and you are treated • Trimethoprim and co-trimoxazole (for infections) with a blood pressure lowering medicine containing aliskiren. • Everolimus (for prevention of graft rejection) • If you have kidney problems where the blood supply to your • Corticosteroids – used for inflammation. kidney is reduced (renal artery stenosis). • Carbenoxolene – used for ulcers of the foodpipe (gullet) • If you have severe kidney problems. Including history of kidney • Liquorice – often used in cough medicines if taken in large amounts. transplantation. • Probenecid. • If you have severe liver problems. • Procainamide (for heart rhythm problems). • If you are not passing any water. • Neprilsysin (NEP) inhibitors e.g. racecadotril (a medicine used • If you have too little sodium, potassium, calcium, uric acid, and to treat diarrhoea).There is an increased risk of angioedema in glucose in your blood (shown in blood tests). patients taking ACE inhibitors and NEP inhibitors. • If you have a low white blood cell count. • Medicines for infections (e.g. aminoglycoside antibiotics). It is recommended that the white blood cell count be monitored • Medicines used for constipation (laxatives) if used for a long time. to permit detection of a possible leucopenia. • Potassium salts, potassium retaining diuretics (e.g. spironolactone, • If your blood pressure is abnormally low or unstable. Your doctor amiloride, triamterene) or other medicines which may increase kalaemia. will need to make this assessment. • Glucocorticoids (‘steroids’) • If you are pregnant or breast-feeding (see “Pregnancy and breast- • Diuretics (water tablets) such as amiloride. feeding” section below). Trialix Tablets with food and alcohol • Trialix Tablets should never be given to children. Drinking alcohol with Trialix Tablets may make you feel dizzy or light • Trialix Tablets does not represent treatment of choice for primary headed. If you are concerned about how much you can drink while hyperaldosteronism. taking Trialix Tablets discuss this with your doctor as taking medicines Do not take Trialix Tablets if any of the above apply to you. If you are used to reduce blood pressure and alcohol can have additive effects. not sure, talk to your doctor or pharmacist before taking Trialix Tablets. Trialix Tablets may be taken with or without food. You should avoid Warnings and Precautions too much salt in your diet. Take special care with Trialix Tablets Pregnancy, breast-feeding and fertility Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before taking Trialix Tablets if: Do not take Trialix Tablets if you are pregnant. Talk to your doctor • You are elderly before taking this medicine if you are pregnant, might become • You have heart, liver or kidney problems pregnant, or think you might be pregnant.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Drug and Medication Classification Schedule
    KENTUCKY HORSE RACING COMMISSION UNIFORM DRUG, MEDICATION, AND SUBSTANCE CLASSIFICATION SCHEDULE KHRC 8-020-1 (11/2018) Class A drugs, medications, and substances are those (1) that have the highest potential to influence performance in the equine athlete, regardless of their approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration, or (2) that lack approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration but have pharmacologic effects similar to certain Class B drugs, medications, or substances that are approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Acecarbromal Bolasterone Cimaterol Divalproex Fluanisone Acetophenazine Boldione Citalopram Dixyrazine Fludiazepam Adinazolam Brimondine Cllibucaine Donepezil Flunitrazepam Alcuronium Bromazepam Clobazam Dopamine Fluopromazine Alfentanil Bromfenac Clocapramine Doxacurium Fluoresone Almotriptan Bromisovalum Clomethiazole Doxapram Fluoxetine Alphaprodine Bromocriptine Clomipramine Doxazosin Flupenthixol Alpidem Bromperidol Clonazepam Doxefazepam Flupirtine Alprazolam Brotizolam Clorazepate Doxepin Flurazepam Alprenolol Bufexamac Clormecaine Droperidol Fluspirilene Althesin Bupivacaine Clostebol Duloxetine Flutoprazepam Aminorex Buprenorphine Clothiapine Eletriptan Fluvoxamine Amisulpride Buspirone Clotiazepam Enalapril Formebolone Amitriptyline Bupropion Cloxazolam Enciprazine Fosinopril Amobarbital Butabartital Clozapine Endorphins Furzabol Amoxapine Butacaine Cobratoxin Enkephalins Galantamine Amperozide Butalbital Cocaine Ephedrine Gallamine Amphetamine Butanilicaine Codeine
    [Show full text]
  • SUMMARY the Effects of Piretanide and Furosemide on Systemic Arterial
    Cardiac Effects of Piretanide and Furosemide on Intact Anesthetized Dogs and on Isolated Atria Shigetoshi CHIBA, M.D., Yasuyuki FURUKAWA, M.D., Kimiaki SAEGUSA, M.D., and Yasuhiro OGIWARA, M.D. SUMMARY The effects of piretanide and furosemide on systemic arterial blood pressure and heart rate were examined in the anesthetized dog and the ef- fects on atrial rate and contractile force were assessed in isolated atrial muscle perfused with heparinized arterial blood from a donor dog. When piretanide was administered intravenously to intact dogs, the de- pressor and bradycardic responses were produced dose-dependently. There were no significant simultaneous chronotropic or inotropic changes in the isolated atrium. On the other hand, furosemide (1-3 mg/kg) did not induce significant changes in either systemic blood pressure or heart rate in the intact dog. The atrial rate and developed tension were also not affected in the isolated atrium. A potent beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent, propranolol (1mg/kg i.v.), consistently produced a significant de- pressor response and a profound negative chronotropic effect in the intact dogs; significant negative chronotropic and isotropic effects were also observed in the isolated atrium. When large doses of piretanide and furosemide were injected intraarterially into the sinus node artery of the isolated atrium, atropine-insensitive negative chronotropic and inotropic effects were induced dose-dependently. The potency of the negative chronotropic effect of piretanide was slightly greater than that of furo- semide, but the negative inotropic effect of piretanide was slightly smaller than that of furosemide. These data indicate that piretanide has a de- pressor effect without significant cardiac influences.
    [Show full text]
  • BMJ Open Is Committed to Open Peer Review. As Part of This Commitment We Make the Peer Review History of Every Article We Publish Publicly Available
    BMJ Open is committed to open peer review. As part of this commitment we make the peer review history of every article we publish publicly available. When an article is published we post the peer reviewers’ comments and the authors’ responses online. We also post the versions of the paper that were used during peer review. These are the versions that the peer review comments apply to. The versions of the paper that follow are the versions that were submitted during the peer review process. They are not the versions of record or the final published versions. They should not be cited or distributed as the published version of this manuscript. BMJ Open is an open access journal and the full, final, typeset and author-corrected version of record of the manuscript is available on our site with no access controls, subscription charges or pay-per-view fees (http://bmjopen.bmj.com). If you have any questions on BMJ Open’s open peer review process please email [email protected] BMJ Open Pediatric drug utilization in the Western Pacific region: Australia, Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong and Taiwan Journal: BMJ Open ManuscriptFor ID peerbmjopen-2019-032426 review only Article Type: Research Date Submitted by the 27-Jun-2019 Author: Complete List of Authors: Brauer, Ruth; University College London, Research Department of Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy Wong, Ian; University College London, Research Department of Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy; University of Hong Kong, Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department
    [Show full text]
  • Tubular Action of Diuretics: Distal Effects on Electrolyte Transport and Acidification
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Kidney International, Vol. 28 (1985), pp. 477—489 Tubular action of diuretics: Distal effects on electrolyte transport and acidification MAX HROPOT, NICOLE FOWLER, BERTIL KARLMARK, and GERHARD GIEBISCH Department of Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA Tubular action of diuretics: Distal effects on electrolyte transport and Micropuncture studies in rodents and dogs and experiments acidification. We used clearance and free-flow micropuncture tech-on isolated segments of rabbit tubules have outlined the main niques to evaluate the influence of several diuretic agents, given both individually and in various combinations, on transport of sodium,tubular sites of action of diuretic agents. In general, diuretics potassium, and fluid, and on acidification and ammonium transport, act at well-defined nephron sites by inhibiting salt and water within the distal tubule of the rat kidney. The loop diuretics, furosemide reabsorption. As a result of their primary tubular actions, and piretanide, sharply increased fractional delivery of fluid, sodium,frequently they effect delivery of a larger fluid load to more and potassium into the distal tubule, and, as a result, sodium reabsorp- distally located nephron sites. Thus, even when these sites are tion and potassium secretion were enhanced in this nephron segment. These two drugs also stimulated urinary acidification and increasednot directly affected by the diuretic, the final action of a given urinary phosphate, titratable acid, and ammonium excretion. Theseagent will be modified significantly by secondary effects on the effects took place both within the loop of Henle and along the distal transport function of more distal segments.
    [Show full text]
  • Azosemide Is More Potent Than Bumetanide and Various Other Loop
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Azosemide is more potent than bumetanide and various other loop diuretics to inhibit the sodium- Received: 21 November 2017 Accepted: 14 June 2018 potassium-chloride-cotransporter Published: xx xx xxxx human variants hNKCC1A and hNKCC1B Philip Hampel 1,2, Kerstin Römermann1, Nanna MacAulay 3 & Wolfgang Löscher1,2 The Na+–K+–2Cl− cotransporter NKCC1 plays a role in neuronal Cl− homeostasis secretion and represents a target for brain pathologies with altered NKCC1 function. Two main variants of NKCC1 have been identifed: a full-length NKCC1 transcript (NKCC1A) and a shorter splice variant (NKCC1B) that is particularly enriched in the brain. The loop diuretic bumetanide is often used to inhibit NKCC1 in brain disorders, but only poorly crosses the blood-brain barrier. We determined the sensitivity of the two human NKCC1 splice variants to bumetanide and various other chemically diverse loop diuretics, using the Xenopus oocyte heterologous expression system. Azosemide was the most potent NKCC1 inhibitor (IC50s 0.246 µM for hNKCC1A and 0.197 µM for NKCC1B), being about 4-times more potent than bumetanide. Structurally, a carboxylic group as in bumetanide was not a prerequisite for potent NKCC1 inhibition, whereas loop diuretics without a sulfonamide group were less potent. None of the drugs tested were selective for hNKCC1B vs. hNKCC1A, indicating that loop diuretics are not a useful starting point to design NKCC1B-specifc compounds. Azosemide was found to exert an unexpectedly potent inhibitory efect and as a non-acidic compound, it is more likely to cross the blood-brain barrier than bumetanide. Te Na+–K+–2Cl− cotransporter NKCC1 (encoded by SLC12A2) plays an important role in Cl- uptake in neu- rons both in developing brain and in adult sensory neurons1,2.
    [Show full text]
  • Customs Tariff - Schedule
    CUSTOMS TARIFF - SCHEDULE 99 - i Chapter 99 SPECIAL CLASSIFICATION PROVISIONS - COMMERCIAL Notes. 1. The provisions of this Chapter are not subject to the rule of specificity in General Interpretative Rule 3 (a). 2. Goods which may be classified under the provisions of Chapter 99, if also eligible for classification under the provisions of Chapter 98, shall be classified in Chapter 98. 3. Goods may be classified under a tariff item in this Chapter and be entitled to the Most-Favoured-Nation Tariff or a preferential tariff rate of customs duty under this Chapter that applies to those goods according to the tariff treatment applicable to their country of origin only after classification under a tariff item in Chapters 1 to 97 has been determined and the conditions of any Chapter 99 provision and any applicable regulations or orders in relation thereto have been met. 4. The words and expressions used in this Chapter have the same meaning as in Chapters 1 to 97. Issued January 1, 2019 99 - 1 CUSTOMS TARIFF - SCHEDULE Tariff Unit of MFN Applicable SS Description of Goods Item Meas. Tariff Preferential Tariffs 9901.00.00 Articles and materials for use in the manufacture or repair of the Free CCCT, LDCT, GPT, UST, following to be employed in commercial fishing or the commercial MT, MUST, CIAT, CT, harvesting of marine plants: CRT, IT, NT, SLT, PT, COLT, JT, PAT, HNT, Artificial bait; KRT, CEUT, UAT, CPTPT: Free Carapace measures; Cordage, fishing lines (including marlines), rope and twine, of a circumference not exceeding 38 mm; Devices for keeping nets open; Fish hooks; Fishing nets and netting; Jiggers; Line floats; Lobster traps; Lures; Marker buoys of any material excluding wood; Net floats; Scallop drag nets; Spat collectors and collector holders; Swivels.
    [Show full text]
  • Ep 0812320 B
    Europäisches Patentamt *EP000812320B1* (19) European Patent Office Office européen des brevets (11) EP 0 812 320 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.7: C07D 295/14, A61K 31/40 of the grant of the patent: 12.07.2000 Bulletin 2000/28 (86) International application number: PCT/IB96/00254 (21) Application number: 96904993.1 (87) International publication number: (22) Date of filing: 12.02.1996 WO 96/26197 (29.08.1996 Gazette 1996/39) (54) AMORPHOUS PIRETANIDE, PIRETANIDE POLYMORPHS, PROCESS FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND THEIR USE AMORPH PIRETANIDE, POLYMORPHE DAVON, VERFAHREN ZUR DESSEN HERSTELLUNG UND IHRE VERWENDUNG PIRETANIDE AMORPHE, POLYMORPHES DE PIRETANIDE, LEUR PROCEDE DE PREPARATION ET LEUR UTILISATION (84) Designated Contracting States: (74) Representative: Fischer, Hans-Jürgen, Dr. AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LI LU NL PT Aventis Pharma Deutschland GmbH, SE Patent- und Lizenzabteilung 65926 Frankfurt am Main (DE) (30) Priority: 22.02.1995 JP 3321595 22.02.1995 JP 3321695 (56) References cited: EP-A- 0 243 891 EP-A- 0 465 841 (43) Date of publication of application: DE-A- 2 419 970 FR-A- 2 373 280 17.12.1997 Bulletin 1997/51 • PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 17, no. 689 (73) Proprietor: Hoechst Pharmaceuticals & (C-1143), 16 December 1993 & JP,A,05 230044 Chemicals K.K. (HOECHST JAPAN), 7 September 1993, cited in Tokyo 107 (JP) the application (72) Inventors: Remarks: • CHIKARAISHI, Yuji The file contains technical information submitted Sakado-shi, Saitama 350-02 (JP) after the application was filed and not included in this • MATSUDA, Yoshihisa specification Kata-ku, Kyoto 603 (JP) • OTSUKA, Makoto Neyagawa-shi, Osaka 572 (JP) Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted.
    [Show full text]
  • The Acute Effect of Piretanide Upon Serum and Urinary Calcium in Normal Subjects
    Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal Volume 28 Number 2 Richmond W. Smith Jr. Testimonial Article 8 Issue 6-1980 The Acute Effect of Piretanide upon Serum and Urinary Calcium in Normal Subjects Cristina Casco Patricia Fainstein Day Carlos Mautalen Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.henryford.com/hfhmedjournal Part of the Life Sciences Commons, Medical Specialties Commons, and the Public Health Commons Recommended Citation Casco, Cristina; Day, Patricia Fainstein; and Mautalen, Carlos (1980) "The Acute Effect of Piretanide upon Serum and Urinary Calcium in Normal Subjects," Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal : Vol. 28 : No. 2 , 127-131. Available at: https://scholarlycommons.henryford.com/hfhmedjournal/vol28/iss2/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Henry Ford Health System Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal by an authorized editor of Henry Ford Health System Scholarly Commons. Henry Ford Hosp Med j Vol 28, No 2 and 3, 1980 The Acute Effect of Piretanide upon Serum and Urinary Calcium in Normal Subjects Cristina Casco,* Patricia Fainstein Day,* and Carlos Mautalen, MD* We gave piretanide, a new diuretic, at two dose levels to six cium was retained but not sodium, when compared to normal subjects. Sodium excretion increased six to basal values on the previous day. The fall in urinary cal­ eightfold in the first two hours, and diuresis was completed cium and the failure to correct the sodium deficit may both within four hours. There was a simultaneous increase in the have resulted from increased secretion of parathyroid hor­ excretion of calcium which exceeded the amount present mone (PTH), which increases calcium reabsorption and In the mobilized extracellular fluid.
    [Show full text]
  • Sulfa Allergy: Cross-Reactivity Versus Multiple Concurrent Allergies
    American Journal of Infectious Diseases 9 (4): 148-154, 2013 ISSN: 1553-6203 ©2013 Science Publication doi:10.3844/ajidsp.2013.148.154 Published Online 9 (4) 2013 (http://www.thescipub.com/ajid.toc) Sulfa Allergy: Cross-Reactivity Versus Multiple Concurrent Allergies 1Muhammad Tariq Shakoor, 2Samia Ayub and 3Zunaira Ayub 1Resident Physician, Internal Medicine Department, St Mary Mercy Hospital, Livonia, MI, USA 2Resident Physicain, Internal Medicine Department, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA 3Medical Student, Fatima Jinnah Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan Received 2012-10-13, Revised 2013-05-01; Accepted 2013-12-02 ABSTRACT As a medical resident we have always been taught that there is some sort of cross reactivity between sulfonamide antibiotics and nonantibiotic sulfonamides. Even the manufacturer’s package inserts contain a precautionary statement about possible Cross-reactivity. The most common approach to this problem is avoidance of all sulfa containing drugs. However, there are few data supporting this contraindication. Thus we may be withholding appropriate therapies from patients unnecessarily. To provide a critical and comprehensive review of literature to explore either cross reactivity between sulfonamide antibiotics and nonantibiotic sulfonamides is a fact or fiction and to present an approach to use nonantibiotic sulfonamides in sulfa allergic patients. A PubMed and general medline search was conducted using the individual names of nonantibiotic sulfonamides. We reviewed all of the available case reports and studies regarding sulfonamide antibiotic cross-reactivity with nonantibiotic sulfonamides. Also reviewed the manufacturer’s package insert for each nonantibiotic sulfonamide drug for information concerning possible cross-reactivity with sulfonamide antibiotics. Sulfa drug allergy is one word holding the whole cross-reactivity theory in it.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 Equine Prohibited Substances List
    2021 Equine Prohibited Substances List . Prohibited Substances include any other substance with a similar chemical structure or similar biological effect(s). Prohibited Substances that are identified as Specified Substances in the List below should not in any way be considered less important or less dangerous than other Prohibited Substances. Rather, they are simply substances which are more likely to have been ingested by Horses for a purpose other than the enhancement of sport performance, for example, through a contaminated food substance. LISTED AS SUBSTANCE ACTIVITY BANNED 1-androsterone Anabolic BANNED 3β-Hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one Anabolic BANNED 4-chlorometatandienone Anabolic BANNED 5α-Androst-2-ene-17one Anabolic BANNED 5α-Androstane-3α, 17α-diol Anabolic BANNED 5α-Androstane-3α, 17β-diol Anabolic BANNED 5α-Androstane-3β, 17α-diol Anabolic BANNED 5α-Androstane-3β, 17β-diol Anabolic BANNED 5β-Androstane-3α, 17β-diol Anabolic BANNED 7α-Hydroxy-DHEA Anabolic BANNED 7β-Hydroxy-DHEA Anabolic BANNED 7-Keto-DHEA Anabolic CONTROLLED 17-Alpha-Hydroxy Progesterone Hormone FEMALES BANNED 17-Alpha-Hydroxy Progesterone Anabolic MALES BANNED 19-Norandrosterone Anabolic BANNED 19-Noretiocholanolone Anabolic BANNED 20-Hydroxyecdysone Anabolic BANNED Δ1-Testosterone Anabolic BANNED Acebutolol Beta blocker BANNED Acefylline Bronchodilator BANNED Acemetacin Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug BANNED Acenocoumarol Anticoagulant CONTROLLED Acepromazine Sedative BANNED Acetanilid Analgesic/antipyretic CONTROLLED Acetazolamide Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor BANNED Acetohexamide Pancreatic stimulant CONTROLLED Acetominophen (Paracetamol) Analgesic BANNED Acetophenazine Antipsychotic BANNED Acetophenetidin (Phenacetin) Analgesic BANNED Acetylmorphine Narcotic BANNED Adinazolam Anxiolytic BANNED Adiphenine Antispasmodic BANNED Adrafinil Stimulant 1 December 2020, Lausanne, Switzerland 2021 Equine Prohibited Substances List . Prohibited Substances include any other substance with a similar chemical structure or similar biological effect(s).
    [Show full text]
  • Kava Hepatotoxicity: Comparative Study of Two Structured Quantitative Methods for Causality Assessment
    Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics (2010) 35, 545–563 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2009.01131.x ORIGINAL ARTICLE Kava hepatotoxicity: comparative study of two structured quantitative methods for causality assessment R. Teschke MD,J.FuchsMD,R.BahreMD,A.GenthnerMD and A. Wolff MD PhD Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, Teaching Hospital of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt ⁄ Main, Hanau, Germany Keywords: causality assessment methods, herbal SUMMARY hepatotoxicity, kava, kava hepatotoxicity Background and objective: Ingestion of the medicinal herb kava has been associated with hepatotoxicity. We aimed to compare two differ- INTRODUCTION ent quantitative methods of causality assessment of patients with assumed hepatotoxicity by the Chemical drugs, herbal remedies and dietary sup- herb. plements are commonly considered as safe and Methods: We assessed causality in 26 patients devoid of major side effects, but in usually rare from Germany and Switzerland, using two struc- instances hepatotoxic reactions may emerge in a few tured quantitative analytical methods: the system susceptible individuals despite adherence to the of Maria and Victorino (MV) and that of the recommended daily dose and treatment duration Council for International Organizations of Medi- (1–4). Under these conditions, the diagnosis of toxic cal Sciences (CIOMS). In all 26 patients, regulatory liver disease represents a major clinical challenge ad hoc evaluation had suggested a causal and may only be established when other causes of relationship between liver disease and kava use. the observed liver disease have been excluded with Results and discussion: Assessment with the MV certainty. Indeed, there is no biomarker or surrogate scale resulted in no or low graded causality for marker commonly available which might facilitate kava in the 26 patients with liver disease.
    [Show full text]
  • Drug/Substance Trade Name(S)
    A B C D E F G H I J K 1 Drug/Substance Trade Name(s) Drug Class Existing Penalty Class Special Notation T1:Doping/Endangerment Level T2: Mismanagement Level Comments Methylenedioxypyrovalerone is a stimulant of the cathinone class which acts as a 3,4-methylenedioxypyprovaleroneMDPV, “bath salts” norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor. It was first developed in the 1960s by a team at 1 A Yes A A 2 Boehringer Ingelheim. No 3 Alfentanil Alfenta Narcotic used to control pain and keep patients asleep during surgery. 1 A Yes A No A Aminoxafen, Aminorex is a weight loss stimulant drug. It was withdrawn from the market after it was found Aminorex Aminoxaphen, Apiquel, to cause pulmonary hypertension. 1 A Yes A A 4 McN-742, Menocil No Amphetamine is a potent central nervous system stimulant that is used in the treatment of Amphetamine Speed, Upper 1 A Yes A A 5 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, narcolepsy, and obesity. No Anileridine is a synthetic analgesic drug and is a member of the piperidine class of analgesic Anileridine Leritine 1 A Yes A A 6 agents developed by Merck & Co. in the 1950s. No Dopamine promoter used to treat loss of muscle movement control caused by Parkinson's Apomorphine Apokyn, Ixense 1 A Yes A A 7 disease. No Recreational drug with euphoriant and stimulant properties. The effects produced by BZP are comparable to those produced by amphetamine. It is often claimed that BZP was originally Benzylpiperazine BZP 1 A Yes A A synthesized as a potential antihelminthic (anti-parasitic) agent for use in farm animals.
    [Show full text]