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The Demise of the American Holiness Movement Darius L The Demise of the American Holiness Movement Darius L. Salter THE DEMISE OF THE AMERICAN HOLINESS MOVEMENT: A Historical, Theological, Biblical, and Cultural Exploration By Darius L. Salter, Ph.D. ISBN: 9781621719410 The demise of the American Holiness Movement: a historical, theological, Biblical, and cultural exploration / by Darius L. Salter. First Fruits Press, © 2020 Digital version at http://place.asburyseminary.edu/firstfruitsheritagematerial/190/ First Fruits Press is a digital imprint of the Asbury Theological Seminary, B.L. Fisher Library. Asbury Theological Seminary is the legal owner of the material previously published by the Pentecostal Publishing Co. and reserves the right to release new editions of this material as well as new material produced by Asbury Theological Seminary. Its publications are available for noncommercial and educational uses, such as research, teaching and private study. First Fruits Press has licensed the digital version of this work under the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial 3.0 United States License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/. For all other uses, contact: First Fruits Press B.L. Fisher Library Asbury Theological Seminary 204 N. Lexington Ave. Wilmore, KY 40390 http://place.asburyseminary.edu/firstfruits Salter, Darius, 1947- The demise of the American Holiness Movement: a historical, theological, Biblical, and cultural exploration [electronic resource] / by Darius L. Salter. – Wilmore, KY: First Fruits Press, ©2020. 1 online resource (508 p. : port.) : digital. ISBN: 9781621719403 (paperback) ISBN: 9781621719410 (uPDF) ISBN: 9781621719427 (Mobi) OCLC: 1096280297 1. Holiness movement--United States--History--19th century. 2. Holiness movement--United States--History--20th century. 3. Holiness churches--United States--History--19th century. 4. Holiness churches--United States--History--20th century. 5. United States--Church history--19th century. 6. United States--Church history--20th century. I. Title. BX7990.H6 S34 2020eb 287.6 Cover design by Jon Ramsay First Fruits Press Te Academic Open Press of Asbury Teological Seminary 204 N. Lexington Ave., Wilmore, KY 40390 859-858-2236 [email protected] asbury.to/frstfruits To Kermit Farlow and the little band of Pilgrim Holiness believers, who worshiped together in Atlantic, North Carolina. Table of Contents Acknowledgements Introduction 1 Part I 1. John Wesley 19 2. Te Exegetical Scalpel 53 3. Richard Taylor 87 4. Mildred Wynkoop 121 5. A Troubled Denomination 159 6. Wilmore and Henry Clay Morrison 193 7. Dennis Kinlaw, Te Francis Asbury Society, 223 and the Pentecostal/Holiness Showdown Part II 8. Te World 263 9. Te Self 293 10. Te Other 321 11. Te Animate 341 12. Te Mind 361 13. Moving Forward 383 Conclusion 421 Bibliography 441 Index 477 Acknowledgements Because I am too lazy to re-invent the wheel, much less smart enough to improve on it, I have relied on the superb scholarship of the following persons: Ron Benefel, Richard Heitzenrater, Kenneth O. Brown, Virginia Brereton, Stephen Lennox, Johan Tredoux, Floyd Cunningham, Samuel K. Biser, Mark Quanstrom, Joseph Tacker, Jr., Kenneth Kinghorn, Scott Kisker, Ronald E. Smith, Wallace Tornton, Ellen Eisinger, Kent Brower, William Ringenberg, John Adams, David Bundy, Cheryl Bridge-Johns, Donald W. Dayton, Grant Wacker, Stephen Gunter, Oran Spindell, Mark Olson, Douglas Mastriano, Rob Staples, Melvin E. Dieter, Margaret Poloma, Frank Baker, Stan Ingersol, Robert Lyon, Alex Deasley, Kenneth Collins, Frank Maser, and Henry Rack. Further information can be found about them in the footnotes and bibliography. I thank the following persons who took time to ofer their perspectives as to what happened to the American Holiness Movement over the last several decades: Melvin E. Dieter, Stan Ingersol, Kenneth Collins, Jef Greenway, William Miller, John Oswalt, Al Coppedge, Robert Coleman, Stephen Seamands, Daniel Tipton, Tomas Hermiz, William Faupel, Norman Moore, Larry Mason, Sam White, Mike Roorbach, Jesse Middendorf, John Neihof, Jr., and Albert Truesdale. Jef James, Chip Wood, Mark Nysewander, Jef Calhoun, Ron Houp, Harvey Brown, Jr. Steve Beard and Steve Seamands were helpful in gaining a perspective on the events connected to the Toronto Blessing which took place in Wilmore, Kentucky, February of 1995. None of the above should be held responsible for my interpretation of their research or of the conversations which I had with them. Paul Taylor gave me information on his father, Richard Taylor, and Brian Taylor on his grandfather, the same Richard Taylor. As always, I have had to rely on archivists, among them Grace Yoder at Asbury Teological Seminary, Mark Shenise at Drew University, and Stan Ingersol, as well as Meri Jansen-Bond at the Nazarene Archives, Lenexa, Kansas. Judy Schwanz pointed to resources for understanding “self-diferentiation,” and Doug Hardy enlightened me on the academic development of “spiritual formation.” Karen Roorbach furnished me with up-to-date statistics from Indiana Wesleyan University. Te following people have read all or a portion of the manuscript and ofered helpful suggestions and corrections: William Miller, Albert Truesdale, Stella Harris, and Donald W. Dayton. I owe a special debt to Steve McCormick, who began with me as a graduate student at Drew University forty years ago, and who is my never-failing source on John Wesley. I am particularly grateful to the late Rob Staples, who lef a detailed account of the critical events that took place at Nazarene Teological Seminary, 1979-1985. A special thanks to Kristi Seaton and Alexandra Duenow for their computer skills and word processing. As in most of my projects I have relied on Debra Bradshaw and her tireless library personnel at Nazarene Teological Seminary. Alexandra, thank you, for what seems to be hundreds of items you have retrieved on my behalf via interlibrary loan. Gratitude to my technological genius son-in-law, Joeseph Jarrett, and equally brilliant, Ed Salter, who have rescued us from the dark black hole of the computer universe and enabled us to complete technological tasks which are so difcult for an alien generation lost in cyberspace. Robert “Robbie” Danielson, has done his normal yeoman’s job in guiding me through this project and turning my eforts into a readable product. As for every book I have completed, no one is more responsible than Brenda who said, “I will,” almost one-half century ago. If I had known what followed the “I will,” I would have not told her because she would have changed her mind and found someone far less challenging with whom to spend her life. Te journey has been above and beyond what either of us would have ever asked or thought, but God has supplied the grace and strength. To Him be all the Glory! Introduction Born in 1947, I have lived in two worlds. Te frst world was pre-cell phone, pre-air conditioner, pre-computer, pre-fast food, pre-microwave, pre-travel, pre-mobility, pre-Walmart, pre-secondary education, pre- secularism, pre-mall, pre-middle class, and pre-consolidation. Most of these are self-evident for anyone my age and perhaps several of them are relevant only to me or the individuals raised in my community or similar communities. For instance, until I was sixteen years old I had never been more than 175 miles west of the small fshing village where I grew up on the coast of North Carolina. Until that time, I would not have been out of the state, except for the fact that as a child of a Navy serviceman, I lived my frst seven years in Norfolk, Virginia. A couple of illustrations sufce for my pre-secularity. In the frst grade of my attendance at Francis E. Willard public elementary school in Norfolk, Virginia, I played one of the three wise men in a full-blown biblical Christmas pageant. We had Jewish neighbors who attended the same school; if they complained, I am not aware. Unthinkable to us in 2018, they may not even have been ofended. Another memory is of my sixth-grade teacher writing the Beatitudes on the blackboard for memorization. I do not believe she was trying to begin some kind of spiritual awakening or convert anyone. She simply worked within a worldview that literacy had something to do with the most profound utterance from the lips of the world’s most infuential person. Te “pre-consolidation” needs some amplifcation. In 2015, I celebrated with my high school graduating class our 50th year reunion. I found it interesting that two months before our reunion the last remaining store in the village had gone out of business. Tere had at one time been fve stores in the community, a high school, a theater, a dance hall, the best baseball team in the county and most importantly Clyde’s Service Station, where between 15 and 20 men met every night to 1 2 | Darius L. Salter swap stories, knives, or whatever, drinking nickel cokes, or maybe even something stronger. Afer a hard day’s work, without any designated schedule, they arrived promptly at 6:30 pm, and with a “I guess I’d better go,” lef around 8:30 pm. By the time of our 50th year high school reunion, all of the above were gone. Te community had lost its identity. I suggested in an article which I, at that time, wrote for the Morehead City News Times (the ofcial newspaper of Carteret County), that this downhill slide began with the consolidation of three high schools into East Carteret High School. Te plight of Atlantic, North Carolina, was not unique. Tousands of American communities have gone out of existence, or lost their identity, because the one resource, which had supported them had dried up, mined out, or swam of; these communities had been supported by farming, gold, timber, oil, or in our case, fsh. Te fve stores were displaced by Walmart, if not the ultimate symbol for modernity, a prevalent and ubiquitous symbol.
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