Key Terms and People Lesson Summary

DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=NL-B

Name______Class______Date ______World War II Lesson 2

MAIN IDEAS 1. Businesses, soldiers, and citizens worked to prepare the United States for war. 2. The war brought new opportunities for many women and minorities. 3. Japanese Americans faced internment during the war.

Key Terms and People

War Production Board agency that converted factories for war production A. Philip Randolph African American labor leader Tuskegee Airmen African American pilots who trained in Tuskegee, Alabama Benjamin O. Davis Jr. group leader of Tuskegee Airmen and later the first African American general in the U.S. Air Force zoot-suit riots Los Angeles riots in which white mobs attacked Mexican Americans internment imprisonment of Japanese Americans during World War II

Lesson Summary PREPARING FOR WAR The Great Depression finally ended as the United States mobilized for war. The War Production Board was created. The Selective Training and Service Act started the first peacetime draft in the Circle the number of history of the United States. More than Americans who served in World War II. 16 million Americans served in World War II. To fund the war, the government raised taxes and sold war bonds. Americans also gathered scrap metal for war production factories. Government rations curbed the nonmilitary use of gasoline, rubber, shoes, and some kinds of food.

Why did women take WARTIME OPPORTUNITIES factory jobs during the Women took on a new role in World War II. war? Because so many men left to fight in the war, ______women were urged to fill factory jobs. Women ______also served in the armed forces, some as pilots ______

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 322 Guided Reading Workbook Name______Class______Date ______Lesson 2, continued and as nurses. Over 300,000 women served in the armed forces during World War II. The Great Migration continued as African Explain how World War II Americans moved north to find factory jobs helped some African supporting the war effort. A march was planned Americans. by A. Philip Randolph to protest lower wages for ______African Americans. It was called off when ______Roosevelt ended the practice of racial ______discrimination in factories that produced war goods. About 1 million African Americans served in Underline the name of the the armed forces during the war. Most of them African American unit of were sent to support jobs in segregated units. The pilots who flew in World War II. Tuskegee Airmen, under the leadership of Benjamin O. Davis Jr., flew thousands of successful missions in North Africa and Italy. About 300,000 Mexican Americans served in the military during the war. Many also found wartime jobs in the West and Midwest. Mexico supplied farm workers to ease a lack in the United States. Despite their aiding the war effort, Mexican Americans faced discrimination. In Los Angeles in June 1943, groups of sailors attacked Mexican Americans wearing zoot suits. Zoot suits were fancy, loose-fitting outfits with oversized hats. This started the zoot-suit riots.

JAPANESE AMERICAN INTERNMENT After the attack on Pearl Harbor, fear of Japanese Americans on the West Coast increased. When were Japanese No evidence to back up the fear was offered, but Americans moved to internment camps? the government began the process of internment ______of Japanese Americans. About 120,000 people, many of them native-born Americans, were ______forced to move and were held in internment camps. Many lost their jobs, homes, and belongings. After Pearl Harbor, Japanese Americans could not join the military. This policy ended in 1943.

About 33,000 Japanese Americans served in segregated units in World War II.

CHALLENGE ACTIVITY Critical Thinking: Analyze What assumptions did the U.S. government make about Japanese Americans when it moved them to internment camps?

DIRECTIONS In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches each term or person. �� 1. War Production Board a. group of African American pilots �� 2. A. Philip Randolph trained in Alabama �� 3. Tuskegee Airmen b. attacks by white mobs against Mexican Americans �� 4. Benjamin O. Davis Jr. c. agency that oversaw the conversion �� 5. zoot-suit riots of factories for war production �� 6. internment d. first African American general in the U.S. Air Force e. labor leader who organized a protest over lower wages for African Americans f. imprisonment of Japanese Americans during World War II

DIRECTIONS Write two adjectives or descriptive phrases that describe the term. 7. War Production Board______8. A. Philip Randolph______9. Tuskegee Airmen ______

10. Benjamin O. Davis Jr.______11. zoot-suit riots ______12. internment______