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Bibliography

Abbreviations FHS French Historical Studies JMH Journal of Modem History HJ Historical Journal PP Past and Present Trans. RHS Transactions of the Royal Historical Society

Beach, V. W., of (Boulder, Colorado, 1971). Behrens, C. B. A., Society, Government and the Enlightenment: the Experience of 18th Century France and Prussia (London, 1985). Bertier, de Sauvigny, G., The Bourbon Restoration, tr. Lynn M. Case (Phila• delphia, 1966). Bien, D., 'The Seen from the Right', Transactions of the American Philosophical Soc., No. 46 (1956). Bien, D., 'The Army in the French Enlightenment: Reform, Reaction and Revolution', PP, 85 (1979), 68-98. Bianning, T. C. W., The Origins of the French Wars (London, 1986). Bianning, T. C. W., The French Revolution in Germany: Occupation and Resis• tance in the Rhineland 1792-1802 (Oxford, 1983). Cobb, R., Reactions to the French Revolution (Oxford, 1972). Crook, M. H., 'Federalism and the French Revolution: the Revolt of Toulon in 1793', History, 65 (1980). Doyle, W., The Oxford History of the French Revolution (Oxford, 1989). Doyle, W., 'The ', in Baker, K. M., The Political Culture of the Old Regime (Oxford, 1987). Edmonds, B., '''Federalism'' and Urban Revolution in France', JMH, 55 (1983),22-53. Fitzpatrick, B., Catholic Royalism in the Department of the Gard 1818-1852 (Cambridge, 1983). Forrest, A., Society and Politics in Revolutionary Bordeaux (Oxford, 1975). Fryer, W. R., Republic or Restoration in France? 1794-7 (Manchester, 1965). Godechot, j., The Counter-Revolution: Doctrine and Action 1789-1804 (London, 1972). Goodwin, A., 'Counter-Revolution in : the Conspiracy of the Marquis de la Rouerie 1791-1793', Bull. of the John Rylands Library (1957).

117 118 The Counter-Revolution in France 1787-1830

Greer, D., The Incidence of the Emigration in the French Revolution (Harvard, 1951). Hampson, N., Will and Circumstance: , Rousseau and the French Revolution (London, 1983). Hartman, M., 'The Sacrilege Law of 1825 in France: a study in anti-clericalism and myth-making',JMH (1972). Hood,J. N., 'Protestant-Catholic Relations and the Roots of the First Popular Counter-Revolutionary Movement in France',JMH, 43 (June 1971). Hood, J. N., 'Patterns of Popular Protest in the French Revolution: the Con• ceptual Contribution of the Gard',JMH, 48 (June 1976). Hufton, 0., 'The Seigneur and the Rural Community in 18th Century France', Trans. RHS, xxix (1979), 21-39. Hutt, M., Chouannerie and Counter-Revolution (2 vols) (Cambridge, 1983). Johnson, H. C., The Midi in Revolution 1789-1793 (Princeton, 1986). Jones, P. M., The Peasantry in the French Revolution (Cambridge, 1988). Kossmann, E. H., The Low Countries 1780-1940 (Oxford, 1978). Lefebvre, G., The French Revolution, 2 vols (London, 1962). Le Goff, T. J. A., and its Region: a Study of Town and Country in 18th Century France (Oxford, 1981). Le Goff, T. J. A. and Sutherland, D. M. G., 'The Revolution and the Rural Community in 18th Century Brittany', PP (Feb. 1974). Le Goff, T. J. A. and Sutherland, D. M. G., 'The Social Origins of Counter• Revolution in Western France', PP, 99 (May 1983). Lewis, G., The Second Vendee: the Continuity of Counter-Revolution in the Department of the Card 1789-1815 (Oxford, 1978). Lucas, C., The Structure of the Terror: the Example of Javogues and the (Oxford, 1973). Lucas, C., 'The Problem of the Midi in the French Revolution', Trans. RHS, xxviii (1978), 1-25. Lucas, C. (ed.), The French Revolution and the Creation of Modem Political Culture, Vol. 2: The Political Culture of the French Revolution (Oxford, 1988). Lyons, M., The Revolution in Toulouse: an essay on Provincial Terrorism (Durham, 1978). MacManners, J., The French Revolution and the Church (London, 1969). MacManners, J., French Ecclesiastical Society under the Ancien Regime: a Study of in the 18th Century (Manchester, 1960). Magraw, R., France 1815-1914: the Bourgeois Century (London, 1983). Mansel, P., Louis XVlli (London, 1981). Mitchell, H., 'The Vendee and Counter-Revolution: a Review Essay', FHS, v (1968),405-29. Mitchell, H., The Underground War against Revolutionary France. The Missions of William Wickham 1794-1800 (Oxford, 1965). Paret, P., Internal War and Pacification. The Vendee 1789-1796 (Princeton, 1961). Pilbeam, P., 'The Growth of and the Crisis of the Bourbon Restor• ation 1827-1830', HJ, 25 (1982),351-66. Bibliography 119

Porch, D., Anny and Revolution: France 1815-1848 (London, 1974). Richardson, N., The French Prefectoral Corp 1814-1830 (Cambridge, 1966). Schama, S., Patriots and Liberators (London, 1977). Schama, S., Citizens. A Chronicle of the French Revolution (London, 1989). Scott, W., Terror and Repression in Revolutionary Marseilles (London, 1973). Sutherland, D. M. G., The : the Social Origins of Popular Counter- Revolution in Upper Brittany 1770-1796 (Oxford, 1982). Sutherland, D. M. G., France 1789-1815: Revolution and Counter-Revolution (London, 1985). Tackett, T., Priest and Parish: a Social and Political Study of the Cures in a Diocese of Dauphine 1750-1791 (Princeton, 1977). Tackett, T., 'The West in France in 1789: the Religious Factor in the Origins of the Counter-Revolution',JMH, 4 (1982),715-45. Tackett, T. and Langlois, C., 'Ecclesiastical Structures and Clerical Geography on the Eve of the French Revolution', FHS, xi (1980), 352-70. Tackett, T., Religion, Revolution and Regional Culture in 18th Century France: the Ecclesiastical Oath of 1791 (Princeton, 1986). Tilly, C., The Vendee (Cambridge, Mass., 1964). Weiner, M., The French Exiles (Westport, Conn., 1975). Williams, W. H., 'Perspectives on the Parish Clergy on the Eve of the French Revolution', Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Colloquium on Revolutionary Europe 1750-1850 (Gainsville, 1976). Woolf, S., A History of Italy 1700-1860 (London, 1979). Wylie, L. (ed.), Chan;::eaux: A Village in A'!iou (Harvard, 1966). Index

Allier, Dominique and Claude, and rebellion, 48-9 brothers, 26, 67, 68 and a restored monarchy, 50-5, Andre, Antoine Joseph d', 52-3 77-8 Angouleme, duc d', 5, 86-8 war aims, 44-6 Antraigues, comte d', 12-13,47,51, Brittany, 29, 35, 39,40,41,48 52,54 Burke, Edmund, 2, 44, 45, 70 Artois, comte d', 9, 11, 15, 45, 57-8 contacts with rebels, 25, 49, 51,64 Cadoudal, Georges, 56, 60, 64 emigrates, 5-6 Calonne, Charles Alexandre de, 8-9, policy in emigration, 13-14, 19, 11,47 20-1 princes' adviser, 16-17, 19-20 relations with Louis XVI and see also Breteuil , II, 15-16, Camisards, revolt of, 24, 42 18 Cathelineau, Jacques, 60 restoration, 79, 82, 84, 87 Chambre introuvable, 80-1, 90-2 see also Charles X Chambre retrouvie, 93, 97 Austria, 13, 17-18, 19,21,50, 77 Charette, Fran<;:ois, 49, 61, 64-5 Charles X, 93 Belgium, 70-3 character, 94-5, 97 Berry, duc de, 5, 54, 92 Charter of 1814,95-6 Bertier, Ferdinand de, 69, 83, 87, 100 coronation, 99 Bocage, see Vendee, landscape of crisis 1830, 106-7 Bonaparte, July Ordinances, 107 deposed,77 and Polignac, 98, 103-4, 105 , 88-9 political attitudes, 97-8, 104-6 Italy, 71-3 Charter papacy, 69 discussion of, 78-82, 95-6, 103-4 princes and emigres, 55-7 terms of, 84-5 Vendee and west, 65-6 Chateaubriand, vicomte de, 77,81 Bordeaux, 53, 78 Chevaliers de laioi, 69, 78,87,93, Bourmont, comte de, 65-6, 103 100 Breteuil, baron de, 9 Chouannerie, 30, 60 king's representative, 16-17, Church lands, sale of, 41 19-20 Civil Constitution of the Clergy, Brigandage, 65, 69, 70 24-5,34-5,41-2 Britain, 13,21 Clichy Club, 53

120 Index 121

Coblenz, 6, 13, 15 Kleber, Jean-Baptiste, 62-3 Concordat, 56 Conde, prince de, 5, 6, 20, 57 Languedoc, 24-7 Conscription Leopold II, emperor, 13, 16, 17, 19 in Belgium, 73, 75 Louis XVI, policies of, 15-17 Jourdan Law (1798),68,75 as a 'martyr', 82 in Vendee, 30 conflict with princes, 11, 14, 16, 19 Louis XVIII, 3, 11,51-8, 77, 79,87, Decazes, duc, 92 89,93 Decentralisation, 85, 108, 109-10 character, 84, 94-5 Declarations of: constitutional monarch, 80-1, Blankenburg (1797), 53 84-5,92 Hamm (1793),51-2,54 see also , comte de Kalmar (1804), 57 Lyons, 28-9,67 Saint-Ouen (1814), 80-1 Verona (1795), 52, 54, 57 Maistre, comte de, 83--4 Mallet du Pan, Jacques, 47, 48, 51, Emigres, 52,54 compensation of (1825), 10 1 Ma10uet, Pierre, 46--7 composition, 5-6 Marie-Antoinette, 9, 16, 17, 18 contacts with rebels, 23, 48-9 Martignac, vicomte de, 102-3 programme, 10-12,20 Mauges, 31, 32-3, 39,42, 66 relations with princes, 11-12, 15, Maupeou, Rene de, 8 20-1 Midi, 24-7, 65, 86-9 return, 57, 79, 82 Moira, earl of, 48 Monarchiens, 46-8 Federalism, 28-9 Montesquieu, baron de, 2, 12 Fouche, Joseph, 55, 56, 79 Mounier, Jean-Joseph, 46--7 Francis II, emperor, 19 Frayssinous, comte de, bishop, 98 Nimes, 25-6, 27 Froment, Franc,:ois, 25, 27, 51, 67, 88 Padua, circular of, 17 Parlements,9-10 Gard, department of, 24-7, 33, 69, Philanthropic Institutes, 53, 55, 86,88-90,108 69 Guizot, Franc,:ois, 80, 98, 103--4, Pillnitz, declaration of, 17-18 105-6 Polignac, Jules, prince de, 98, 103-5, 110 Hoche, Lazare, 49, 54, 63-5 Precy, comte de, 29, 51, 67 Holland, 71 Princes of the Blood, memorandum Hundred Days, 88-90 of, 10 Protestants, 24-5, 69, 72, 88, 108 Imbert-Co10mes, Jacques-Paul, 28-9, Provence, comte de, 11, 18, 19-20, 51 45,51 Italy, 71-6 see also Louis XVIII Prussia, 13, 17, 19,20,21 Jales, campe de, 26 Puisaye, comte de, 48, 64-5 122 Index

Quiberon, 49, 64--5 Ultras, 79---83, 85, 90, 91-3, 102, 110-11 Religion, Belgium, 72-6 Vaudreuil, comte de, 14--15,21 Charter, 82 Vendee, Italy, 72-6 armies, 61-2 Rhineland, 71-3 casualties in, 66 Sacrilege Law (1825), 83, 99-100 landownership in, 39-41 under restoration, 82-3, 98-101 landscape of, 31 see also Vendee, Protestants, Civil leadership of revolt, 60-1 Constitution of the Clergy religion, 30, 34--8, 41-2 Remusat, Charles de, 86, 91-2 risings in: 1793, 29-43; 1798-9: 65; Rhineland, 71-3, 76 1832: 66, 109 Rouerie, marquis de la, 21 suppression, 30, 62-4 Royer-Collard, Pierre, 54, 56, 80, 103 tactics, 62 Russia, 13, 77 town and country in, 32-4 VilleIe, comte de, 86, 92-3, 97-102, ,33 111 Spy networks, Vitrolles, comte de, 77, 78, 81 'English' agency, 56 agency, 51-3 War Secret Royal Council, 54, 55 1792, 19-21 Swabian agency, 54, 55 1793,44-6 Stoffiet, Jean-Nicolas, 60, 61, 65 White Terror, 27, 67-8, 88-9 Wickham, William, 48-9, 50, 52, Toulouse, 53, 86-8, 89, 90 54--5 Turreau, Louis-Marie, 63