User Perception on Urban Light Rail Transit
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Civil Engineering and Architecture 7(6A): 43-49, 2019 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/cea.2019.071405 User Perception on Urban Light Rail Transit Seuk Yen Phoong1,*, Seuk Wai Phoong2, Sedigheh Moghavvemi2, Kok Hau Phoong3 1Department of Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idirs, Malaysia 2Department of Operations and Management Information Systems, University of Malaya, Malaysia 3Faculty of Management and Information Technology, Sultan Azlan Shah University, Malaysia Received July 28, 2019; Revised October 8, 2019; Accepted December 15, 2019 Copyright©2019 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License Abstract Public transport is a shared passenger traffic congestion in the city. transport service available for public use. Increased The problems pertaining to the public transportation population is accompanied by the increased demand for system in Kuala Lumpur are the lack of integration and private vehicles. The exponential growth in the number of focus. The government does not actively promote the use private vehicles will result in negative impacts such as air of public transportation, which indirectly influences daily pollution, excessive noise, and traffic congestion. life. According to the statistics in 2017, the average daily Additionally, customers’ perceptions on different aspects ridership of the public transport in 2017 was 638,608 in include safety, operation or time, comfortableness and Kuala Lumpur. The average time a person spent every day cleanness of public transportation that are also essential in in traffic congestion is ~53 minutes in Kuala Lumpur. affecting their mode of choice when travelling. The public ~83% of the respondents in Kuala Lumpur wish to own a transport that is discussed in this paper is light rail transit. car in the next half decade, which will serve to only This paper intends to investigate the main purpose of using exacerbate the current congestion problem. light rail transit and elucidate the public perspective of the To pursue green growth in Malaysia, the government light rail transit via factor analysis and correlation analysis. invested public transport in its effort to lower carbon A questionnaire with five-point Likert scale was designed, mobility. As per the Eleventh Malaysia Plan [1], a single and data were randomly selected from 200 light rail transit occupant car ranks first of the ground public transport users in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The results revealed that which emits carbon dioxide, followed by buses and trains. the majority of the customers use light rail transit to school The use of public transport is expected to reduce or university. Moreover, most of the users satisfy with the congestion and minimize environmental pollution. Also, safety, operation, cost, comfortableness and cleanness of clean and comfortable facilities, increased train the light rail transit. This can be concluded that light rail frequencies and punctuality would also play a role in transit provides mobility and choice for everyone in the encouraging the public to use public transportation in their context of efficiency, health and safety, affordability, daily lives. The public transport system is required to be accessibility, and environmental friendliness. more market-oriented and competitive, which can only be realized when the public’s needs, expectations, and Keywords Light Rail Transit, Public Transport, behavior are identified and addressed appropriately. Safety, Comfortable, Affordability Public transportation can be defined as a shared passenger transport service which is available for use by the general public, as distinct from modes including buses, taxi, Monorail and transit trains. In Malaysia, the modes of 1. Introduction public transportation are buses, taxis, KL Monorail, commuter, Rapid KL, light rail transit (LRT) and mass Kuala Lumpur is the economic capital, as well as the rapid transit (MRT). The LRT and MRT are known as cultural and financial centre of Malaysia. Due to its metro rail transit which is an emerging transit system multirole nature, its municipality experiences many introduced by Malaysian government. These system are problems, such as traffic congestion, emission of carbon available to the public which may require fares, and run at dioxide, and excessive noise pollution. The ever increasing scheduled times. The purpose of introducing or expanding amount of vehicles annually can be problematic in the public transport is to address traffic jam problem in a future in the context of transportation governance, and the densely populated area like Kuala Lumpur. The benefit of introduction of public transport is expected to alleviate this emerging transit system is to minimize the waiting 44 User Perception on Urban Light Rail Transit time, to envisage improving the poor and inadequate publicly or privately owned and make available the public transportation coverage at Kuala Lumpur. services to the general public. This study focuses on one of the most frequently used Public transport is regarded as a need in many parts of public transportation in Kuala Lumpur, which is light rail the world. A transportation system is regarded to be dismal transit (LRT). This is because LRT is the most frequently if its service is poor [4]. Public transportation plays a used transportation as compared to others. It can easily substantial role in our lives due to the fact that it improves convey users from suburbs far off cities to the heart of our quality of life by expediting traffic, which reduces costs Kuala Lumpur. For instance, the Kelana Jaya LRT station while also creating jobs. It provides accessibility to those is one of the most frequently used stops for residents who who cannot drive, or those who cannot afford to do so. work in the centre of Kuala Lumpur. While for the Ampang Public transport service includes multiple tenancy vehicles LRT line, it’s also frequently used by the office workers services designed to transport passengers on local and who need to convey from other suburban areas to the heart regional routes and their corresponding sub-systems. of Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia has many public transportation systems that are Light rail transit, also known as LRT, is an urban rail in operation, such as buses, taxis, trishaws, and trains. transport service that has two major routes, including However, most people are now highly dependent on car Kelana Jaya and Ampang LRT line in Malaysia. This rail travel [5]. Metropolitan centers are overwhelmed with transit services serve as a large part of the national capital unmanageable trends in the transportation sector due to and largest city, Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia. The current escalation in energy use, pollution, and traffic congestion. daily ridership of LRT is over 464,000 users per day which These problems are even more prominent in the case of has the highest passenger loads as compared to other public developing cities because the vehicle growth rate is far transports. superior to the growth rate of transport infrastructure. The However, there are a few cases about the delay of LRT. progressively active car use in the cities contributed to In 2018, the signaling problem caused over two hours of increased accessibility problems, due to traffic congestion delay at peak hour which resulted in many passengers and parking problems. Traffic congestion is a significant being stranded at several stations. The incident led some of problem faced by many urban areas in Malaysia, which can the passengers to vent out their disappointment over the be mitigated by the usage of public transport. The use of rail transit service through social media [2]. Other issues public transport can reduce traffic accidents, congestion about the weaknesses of LRT were poor customer service and parking problems. Although car use is the most popular quality, overcharging, cleanness and etc. Thus, this study visitor transport mode, congestion, pollution, traffic intends to elucidate public perspective on the environment, problems, and demands for maintainable transport service, and system adopted by the urban LRT. It is practices led to efforts expanded towards improving public expected that Rapid Rail Sdn. Bhd. and Prasarana Malaysia transportation. Public transportation has played an Berhad take into account these factors when evaluating important role in transporting passengers to work and residents’ usage of LRT. The objectives of this study elsewhere, which has the positive effect of reducing traffic include: congestion [6]. i. Determining the main usage of LRT users in Kuala Besides road congestions, private cars also cause serious Lumpur. problems such as CO2 pollution, global warming, and noise. ii. Elucidating public perception on the urban LRT. Jain and Khare [7] said that the increasing alteration in iii. Determining the highest correlation between the motorized mode of transport in urban cities of the items on the usage of LRT using factor analysis. developing countries increased the amount of air pollutants. The transport sector is responsible for the emission of more than a quarter of carbon dioxide (CO2) globally, as well as 2. Literature Review sizeable shares of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, making it one of the largest single contributors Public transport is known to be environmentally friendly to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. According to when relative to private