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GRUPO ESPAÑOL de CONSERVACIÓN Número International Institute forConservation 6 of historic and artistic works Ge-conservación Conservação | Conservation Año 2014 ISSN: 1989-8568 Dirección Editorial: Rocío Bruquetas Galán y Ana Calvo Manuel Consejo de Redacción: María Aguiar, Emilio Cano Ruíz, Emma García Alonso, Marisa Gómez González, Ana Laborde Marqueze, Emilio Ruiz de Arcaute Martínez, Margarita San An- drés Moya, Sandra Zetina Ocaña. Secretaria de Edición: Mª Concepción de Frutos Sanz Revisores: Manuel Blanco Domínguez; Ana Calvo; Cristina Escudero Remirez; Mª Antonia García Rodríguez; Mª Isabel Herráez; Pilar Ineba; María López Rey; Domingo Marquina; Guadalupe Pinar; Ana Shoebel Orbea. Webmaster GEIIC: Emma García Alonso Diseño página web: Pepe Nieto PEZRED Maquetación: Mª Concepción de Frutos Sanz y Emma García Alonso Traducción: María Aguiar Foto portada: Totocado atacameño (Morales, 2012). ©2014, Museo R.P. Gustavo Le Paige (I.I.A.M.), San Pedro de Atacama. ISSN: 1989-8568 Esta publicación utiliza una licencia Creative Commons Se permite compartir, copiar, distribuir y comunicar públicamente la obra con el reconocimiento expreso de su autoría y procedencia. No se permite un uso comercial de la obra original ni la generación de obras derivadas. Esta revista utiliza Open Journal Systems, software libre de gestión y publicación de revistas desarrollando, soportado y libremente distribuido por el Public Knowledge Project bajo Licencia Pública General GNU. GRUPO ESPAÑOL de CONSERVACIÓN International Institute forConservation of historic and artistic works GE-conservación no se responsabiliza de la información contenida en los artículos ni se identiica necesariamente con ellas. © La propiedad intelectual de los artículos pertenece a los autores, y los derechos de edición y publicación de este número son de Ge-conservación. Rogamos que en la difusión libre de los contenidos queden patentes los créditos de los autores y la procedencia. El Grupo Español de Conservación es una asociación independiente ailiada a The International Institute for Conservation of Histtoric and Artistic Works, inscrita en el Registro Nacional de Asociaciones, Sección 1ª, Nº 160.299. Sede: I.P.C.E. C/Greco, 4 28040 Madrid. Asociación Declarada de Utilidad Pública por Orden del Ministerio del Interior 3404/2009 (BOE 18-12-2009). Ge- conservación Conservação|Conservation www.revista.ge-iic.com E-mail: [email protected] Biblioteca Complutense Catálogo CisneUCM Revista indexada en: Índice Firmas invitadas y entrevista Páginas Historia de la Conservación Preventiva*. Parte II Isabel M. García Fernández 5 Quinto aniversario de Intervención, Revista Internacional de Conservación, Restauración y Museología: una revisión retrospectiva y una visión prospectiva Isabel Medina – González 19 De la memoria de los conservadores–restauradores contemporáneos a la “magdalena” de Proust”. Conversaciones con Juan Carlos Pérez Ferrer y Jesús Serrano. Por Mª Dolores Ruíz de Lacanal y Ana Calvo 26 Artículos Caracterización de hongos aislados de mapas conservados en el Archivo Nacional de la Re- pública de Cuba Manuel Alian Molina Veloso y Sofía Borrego Alonso 35 Conservación y restauración de un tocado atacameño del sitio Solcor-3, San Pedro de Ataca- ma, norte de Chile Carolina Morales-Nilo 45 Limpieza Ideal limpieza real en el patrimonio Arquitectónico Manuel Ángel iglesias Campos 57 Pastas de relleno para reintegración volumétrica de esculturas en cera. Primeros resultados Nerea del Moral Aranza y Alicia Sánchez Ortiz 68 Diego Velázquez: Un retrato del natural de la Reina Isabel de Borbón Carmen Garrído Pérez 83 Reseñas de publicaciones Conservation in the Nineteenth Century Reseña de Ana Calvo Manuel 102 La conservación preventiva de los bienes culturales Reseña de Montaña Galán Caballero 104 The Renaissance Workshop: The Materials and Techniques of Renaissance Art Reseña de Marisa Gómez 106 Policromía de Retablos en el Norte de España: Asturias, siglos XVII-XVIII Reseña de Marisa Gómez 108 Anexo: Comunicaciones en la Jornada sobre conservación de patrimonio. Rosa Mª Esbert “In Memo- riam “. 16 de mayo de 2013. Oviedo. Editoras: Ana Laborde y Diana Pardo 111 3 Firmas invitadas y entrevista 1 Ge-conservación nº 6/ 2014. ISSN: 1989-8568 Ge-conservación GRUPO ESPAÑOL Conservaçãode CONSERVACIÓN | Conservation International Institute forConservation of historic and artistic works Historia de la Conservación Preventiva*. Parte II Isabel M. García Fernández Resumen: La segunda parte de la historia de la conservación preventiva comienza en 1990; esta etapa es mucho más corta que la pri- mera, pero más prolíica en materiales, proyectos y publicaciones. Vamos a ver cómo desde sus inicios, la conservación preventiva ha ido cobrando protagonismo en todos los ámbitos relacionados con la preservación y uso del patrimonio. En este artículo vamos a destacar los hitos fundamentales que han conseguido aianzar esta disciplina en los últimos 25 años y valorar su desarrollo en España. Palabras clave: conservación preventiva, agentes de deterioro, evaluación de riesgos. History of Preventive Conservation*. Part II Abstract: The second part of the history of Preventive Conservation starts in 1990. This period is shorter but more proliic in materials, projects and publications. From the beginning, preventive conservation has been gaining relevance in all areas related to preservation and use of cultural heritage. In this article we will underline the most important events occurred in the last 25 years, with special interest in the development of the discipline in Spain. Key words: preventive conservation, deterioration agents, risk assessment. História da Conservação Preventiva*. Parte II Resumo: A segunda parte da história da conservação preventiva começa em 1990. Esta fase é muito mais curtado que a primeira, mas é mais prolíica em materiais, projetos e publicações. Veremos como, desde a sua criação, a conservação preventiva ganhou protago- nismo em todas as áreas relacionadas com a preservação ea utilização do património. Neste artigo, vamos destacar os marcos fundamentais que conseguiram reforçar esta disciplinanos últimos 25 anos, salientando o seu desenvolvimento em Espanha. Palavras-chave: conservação preventiva, agentes de deterioração, avaliação de risco. Introducción Apuntábamos en la primera parte a la que llegábamos en conservadores, restauradores y cientíicos”1; hemos visto la década de 1990, que es en ésta cuando realmente re- que, desde inales de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, esto se conocemos el desarrollo espectacular de las teorías y téc- ha ido produciendo en muchos países, pero veremos que nicas de la conservación preventiva. Como expone Simon en los últimos 25 años el avance ha sido espectacular. Asi- Lambert en un artículo recientemente publicado, “la histo- mismo hay que destacar la gran cantidad de publicaciones ria de la conservación preventiva más antigua se caracteri- y referencias en medios electrónicos, que si por un lado za por la progresiva integración de la ciencia en el mundo son el relejo del interés por esta disciplina, por otro, están de los museos y el fortalecimiento de la colaboración entre diicultando la búsqueda de información útil y actualizada. Ge-conservación nº 6/ 2014. ISSN: 1989-8568 GRUPO ESPAÑOL de CONSERVACIÓN International Institute forConservation of historic and artistic works En este artículo no pretendemos ser exhaustivos, sino in- valores de temperatura y humedad relativa para testar las tentar destacar los hitos importantes que han permitido propiedades físicas, mecánicas y químicas de los materia- el desarrollo y aplicación de la conservación preventiva en les comúnmente encontrados en museos determinaron el mundo. Recordemos que ya en 2005 Rocío Bruquetas que los objetos en museos podían tolerar, de manera se- publicó un interesante artículo sobre la historia de esta dis- gura, cambios o luctuaciones mayores de temperatura ciplina; en él hacía referencia a los antecedentes para cen- y humedad relativa de lo que se creía hasta ahora. Esta trarse en el siglo XX, llegando hasta la década de 1990. Re- evidencia podría ahorrar a los museos millones de dóla- cientemente el Getty Conservation Institute ha publicado res en equipamientos y mantenimiento para controlar las dentro de sus series Readings in Conservation [Lecturas en condiciones medioambientales: “con anterioridad las con- Conservación] el volumen número 6 dedicado a la conser- diciones ideales para museos y archivos se habían ijado vación preventiva coordinado por Sarah Staniforth y titu- en 21 ºC y 50% de humedad relativa. Ahora Mecklenburg lado Historical Perspective of Preventive Conservation [Pers- dice que puede existir hasta un 15% de luctuación de HR pectiva histórica en conservación preventiva]. Recogemos y una diferencia máxima de temperatura de 10 ºC”. Estas pues el testigo para seguir narrando la rica historia de la airmaciones crearon un gran desconcierto en la comuni- conservación preventiva señalando que, en los últimos dad museística norteamericana, ya que como apuntaba años se ha publicado la historia de su nacimiento y evolu- Mecklenburg, hasta el 50% de los costes de construcción ción en algunos países como Estados Unidos, Reino Unido de nuevos museos y archivos provienen de la instalación o Italia. En este artículo, vamos a hacer especial hincapié de sistemas de refrigeración especializados “nuestra in- en el caso español, donde la conservación preventiva ha vestigación muestra que esos sistemas especializados son tenido una aparición temprana, un desarrollo
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