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The Behavioural Sciences in Dialogue with the Theory and Practice of Analytical Psychology

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The Behavioural Sciences in Dialogue with the Theory and Practice of Analytical Psychology The Behavioural Sciences in Dialogue with the Theory and Practice of Analytical Psychology Edited by Lucy Huskinson Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Behavioural Sciences www.mdpi.com/journal/behavsci Lucy Huskinson (Ed.) The Behavioural Sciences in Dialogue with the Theory and Practice of Analytical Psychology This book is a reprint of the special issue that appeared in the online open access journal Behavioral Sciences (ISSN 2076-328X) in 2013 (available at: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/behavsci/special_issues/analytical-psychology). Guest Editor Lucy Huskinson School of Philosophy and Religion, Bangor University Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2DG, UK Editorial Office MDPI AG Klybeckstrasse 64 Basel, Switzerland Publisher Shu-Kun Lin Production Editor Dr. Martyn Rittman 1. Edition 2014 MDPI • Basel • Beijing ISBN 978-3-03842-003-3 © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. All articles in this volume are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. However, the dissemination and distribution of copies of this book as a whole is restricted to MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Table of Contents Preface Guest Editor : Lucy Huskinson ............................................................................................................ i Chapter 1 Raya A. Jones Jung’s “Psychology with the Psyche” and the Behavioral Sciences Reprinted from Behav. Sci. 2013, 3(3), 408–417; doi:10.3390/bs3030408 ..........................................1 http://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/3/3/408 Chapter 2 Robin McCoy Brooks Accounting for Material Reality in the Analytic Subject Reprinted from Behav. Sci. 2013, 3(4), 619–633; doi:10.3390/bs3040619 ........................................11 http://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/3/4/619 Chapter 3 Steve Myers Normality in Analytical Psychology Reprinted from Behav. Sci. 2013, 3(4), 647–661; doi:10.3390/bs3040647 ........................................27 http://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/3/4/647 Chapter 4 Maryann Barone-Chapman Gender Legacies of Jung and Freud as Epistemology in Emergent Feminist Research on Late Motherhood Reprinted from Behav. Sci. 2014, 4(1), 14–30; doi:10.3390/bs4010014 ............................................41 http://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/4/1/14 Chapter 5 Jay Sherry Beatrice Hinkle and the Early History of Jungian Psychology in New York Reprinted from Behav. Sci. 2013, 3(3), 492–500; doi:10.3390/bs3030492 ........................................59 http://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/3/3/492 Chapter 6 William E. Smythe The Dialogical Jung: Otherness within the Self Reprinted from Behav. Sci. 2013, 3(4), 634–646; doi:10.3390/bs3040634 ........................................69 http://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/3/4/634 Chapter 7 Giovanni B. Caputo Archetypal-Imaging and Mirror-Gazing Reprinted from Behav. Sci. 2014, 4(1), 1–13; doi:10.3390/bs4010001 ..............................................83 http://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/4/1/1 Chapter 8 Diogo Valadas Ponte and Lothar Schäfer Carl Gustav Jung, Quantum Physics and the Spiritual Mind: A Mystical Vision of the Twenty-First Century Reprinted from Behav. Sci. 2013, 3(4), 601–618; doi:10.3390/bs3040601 ........................................97 http://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/3/4/601 Chapter 9 Caifang Zhu Jung on the Nature and Interpretation of Dreams: A Developmental Delineation with Cognitive Neuroscientific Responses Reprinted from Behav. Sci. 2013, 3(4), 662–675; doi:10.3390/bs3040662 ......................................115 http://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/3/4/662 Chapter 10 Milena Sotirova-Kohli, Klaus Opwis, Christian Roesler, Steven M. Smith, David H. Rosen, Jyotsna Vaid and Valentin Djonov Symbol/Meaning Paired-Associate Recall: An “Archetypal Memory” Advantage? Reprinted from Behav. Sci. 2013, 3(4), 541–561; doi:10.3390/bs3040541 ......................................129 http://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/3/4/541 Chapter 11 Christian Roesler Evidence for the Effectiveness of Jungian Psychotherapy: A Review of Empirical Studies Reprinted from Behav. Sci. 2013, 3(4), 562–575; doi:10.3390/bs3040562 ......................................151 http://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/3/4/562 i Preface Just over one hundred years ago, Jung coined the term, “Analytical Psychology” to differentiate his theories about the nature and dynamics of the human psyche from the “psychoanalytic” theories of his compatriot, Sigmund Freud. Whilst Jung and his compatriots in related schools of “depth psychology” spoke of “the unconscious” as the driving instinctual force of the mind, scientists today refer principally to the “brain” and its neurological functions and processes. Despite this change in focus, Analytical Psychology, as a recognized corpus of thought and therapeutic practice in its own right, continues to incite dialogue and debate with many other academic traditions, praxes, and fields of study, far beyond its own psychological and psychiatric disciplinary origins. Ideas of analytical psychology can be found in disciplines as wide ranging as business studies, social theory, education, neuroscience, political thought, linguistics, literature, history and historiography, religious studies, quantum physics, environmental studies, fine art and art history, media, and film. Similarly, analytical psychology as a therapeutic practice, is very much in demand within an eclectic range of fields of human care, including those that are relatively new, such as, terminal health care, HIV counselling, political consultation, reconciliation of interfaith groups, relief work to victims of natural disaster, consultation on matters of ecological sustainability, and so on. Analytical psychology’s widespread appeal demonstrates its usefulness in establishing connections between otherwise disparate disciplines so as to make better sense of our human behaviors, motivations, and values. The mutual interests of analytical psychology and the behavioral sciences in charting the territories of the human mind suggest that there are many fruitful and insightful conversations to be had between them. However, compared to other disciplinary pairings with analytical psychology, dialogues with the behavioral sciences have been a somewhat slow and cautious affair. Prejudices abound from either side about each other’s epistemological and methodological concerns. Crudely put, behavioral science, on the one hand, attempts to arrive at verifiable, objective conclusions through rigorous experimental and statistical methods; analytical psychology, on the other, tries to make sense of the unconscious, which, by its very nature, evades rational comprehension and quantifiable measurement, expressing itself through the language of symbols, contradiction, and paradox. At a glance, the two are uncomfortable bedfellows, viewing each other with more than a degree of suspicion. From the perspective of behavioral science, analytical psychology may seem akin to a mystical quest, seeking ethereal, transcendent forms, and thus perhaps better off conversing with disciplines in the arts and humanities. Whilst, behavioral science, from the perspective of analytical psychology may appear too reductive, chasing after the chimera of “truth” and “proof”, and missing the only authentic measurement of meaning: whatever the subject himself or herself ii understands to be true. One would be forgiven for holding such prejudices, but, as several of the chapters in this volume demonstrate, such polarization of the two fields is unwarranted, and, despite their epistemological differences, fruitful dialogue can be had between them. The chapters within this volume make reference to a variety of different academic approaches and their attempts to elucidate the theory and practice of analytical psychology, including philosophy, cognitive psychology, neuroscience, quantum physics, social theory, historiography, and feminism. They also offer contrasting conclusions about the ease and manner in which analytical psychology can converse with the behavioral sciences; some accentuate fertile overlaps of the two, others emphasize barren margins that separate the two and which cannot be overcome. Some of the chapters seem almost unaware of the ideological differences between the two, as they focus instead on testing the central ideas of analytical psychology, and subject them to rigorous “scientific” experimentation in order to demonstrate their veracity and coherence with supporting empirical evidence. Others still, identify problems within specific ideas of analytical psychology with a view of resolving them - problems that could potentially inhibit productive dialogues between analytical psychology and other disciplines, including the behavioral sciences. The volume begins with a piece by Raya Jones (Chapter One), who puts forward a clear case for the mismatch between analytical psychology and the behavioral sciences, citing differences in their historical development and epistemological grounding as reasons for their estrangement. Jones describes some of the difficulties that behavioral scientists inevitably have in trying to engage and fathom Jung’s methodology of inductive reasoning, and she outlines why Jung’s methods and powerful writing style make him more receptive to artists and literary writers. One issue
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