Al Awamia 97- Iuin 1997 5l

Reporton a cooperativecereal germplasm il collectionmission in

Ohta S.1,Zine Elabidine F.2,Morikawa T.3,Tominaga T'a,Mellas H.2 andFuruta Y.5 rPlant GermplasmInstitute, Faculty of Agriculture,Kyoto University,Mozume, Muko, Kyoto 617, Japan (Current address: Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Kenjojima, Mat- suoka,Yoshida, Fukui 910-11,Japan) 2Département de génétiqueappliquée, INRA, B.P.415, Rabat,Morocco 3Faculty of Agriculture,Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho, sakai, Osaka 593, Japan aFaculty of Agriculture, Shinshu university, Ina, Nagano399-45,Japan. Current address: Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto PrefecturalUniversity, Kitainayazuma, Seika, Kyoto 619-02,Japan 5Faculty of Agriculture,Gifu University,Gifu 501-11,Japan

Abstract

A cooperative cereal germplasm collection by INRA (Morocco) and Gifu University (Japan) yvasconducted from June 9 till July 19, 1995. The areas surveyed included the southern coasts,the westernpart of the Anti-Atlas, the High Atlas, the northern coasts,the Middle Atlas and the Rif. A total of 1,346 seedor spike samplesbelonging to 46 genera of l6 families and 534 plates of herbarium specimensbelonging to more than 20 families were collected. The principal results were summaized asfollows : a pure cultivqtion of einkorn wheat, Triticum monococcum,was found in the westernfoot of the Rif, where spike sampleswere collected. l43 samplesof six Aegilops specieswere collected. Among them, three samplesof Ae. geni- culata ssp.gibberosa endemicto the westernMediterranean basin and 16 samplesof Ae. ven- tricosa. A large-scaled collection of Dasypyrunt breviaristatum consiluted by 25 samples was made in the Middle Atlas and the High Atlas. The ecologicalfeature of their habitat was analyzed. A total of 237 samplesof two cultivated and I3 wid Avena species,including en- demic ones to Morocco, were successfullycollected. The genetic material collected is pre- sented and evaluated at INP.#'(all the material), Osaka Prefecture University (Avena spp.), Kyoto Prefectural University (herbarium specimensand Lolium spp.) and Fukui Prefectural Unive rs ity ( Triticeae sp p. ).

Key words : Cereals,collection, germplasm, Aegilops, Avena, Dasypyrum, Hay- naldia,Lolium,Triticum, Triticeae 52 Al Awamia 97- luin 199'l

Résumé: Rapportd'une mission de collecte de germoplasmeauMaroc

(Jnemission de collecte de germoplasmede céréalesa été effectuéeau Maroc par une équipe Maroco-Japonnaise appartenant respectivementà I'INRA et à l'Université de la Préfecture de Gifu, du 9 Juin au l9 Juillet 1995.Les prospections ont eu lieu dans les régionscôtières du sud, l'ouest de I'Anti-Atlas, le Haut Atlas, Ies rég,ionscôtières du nord, le Moyen Atlas et te Rif.Au total, I 346 graines et épis appartenûntà 46 genreset 20familles, et 534 planches d'herbier appartenant à plus de 20familles ont été collectés.Les principaux résultats sont les suivants: une culture pure de Triticum monococcuma été trouvéedans la région montagneuse ouest du Rif, où des épis ont été ramessés.Par ailleurs, 143 échantillons de 6 Aegilops ont été collectés.Parmi lesquels,trois échantillonsde Ae. geniculata ssp.endémiques à la région ouest du bassin méditerranéen et l6 échantillons de Ae. Ventricosa.En ce qui concerneDa- sypyrum breviaristatum, 25 échantillons ont été collectés au Moyen Atlas et au Haut Atlas. L'écologiede leur sitesde collectea été étudiée.Un total cle237 échantillonsde 2 avoines cultivéeset de I3 avoinessauvages, dont certainesespèces sont endémiquesau Maroc, a été ramassé.Tout le matériel génétique collecté est conservéet évalué à f INRA , à l'Université de la Préfecture d'Osaka (Avena spp), er à I'Université Préfectoral de Fukui (Triticeae spp.) Mots cfés : Céréales,collection, germoplasme, Aegilops, Avena, Dasypyrum, Haynaldia,Lolium,Triticum, Triticeae

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Introduction

Morocco is well known as one of the diversity centersof the wild relativesof somecereal crops such as wheat,barley and oat (Sauvage,1975;Baum, 1977;Molina-cano and al., 1982; Baum and Fedak,1985a,b). Wild oatshave their primary diversitycenter in Morocco (Baum, 1977). Three wlld Avenaspecies, A. maroccana,A. agadiriana andA. atlantica areendemic to this country (Baum and Fedak, 1985a,b).For the tribe Triticeae,some perennial species such asAgropyron embergeriMaire and Festucopsisfestucoides (Maire) Love, areendemic to the High Attas Mountains.Because of no living experimentalmaterial and few recentherbarium specimens,their phylogeneticposition is still open to arguments.In addition to theseende- mic species,perennial Dasypyrum (D. breviaristatum(Lindb.l'.) Frederiksen)is known to be distributedin two isolatedregions: the mountainousregions of westernNorth Africa and Mt. Taygetosin Greece(Maire, 1955; Sakamotoand Kobayashi,1984 Frederiksen'1991). Ho- wever,the massivedistribution of perennialDasypyrum is restrictedto Morocco. Cytogene- tically, it comprisesdiploid and tetraploidcytotypes. The diploid cytotypewas reported only oncein Morocco by Sarkar(1957). V/hile the tetraploidcytotype is distributedboth in North Africa and Greece(Sakamoto and Kobayashi,1982; Frederiksen, 1991). The tetraploidis an autotetraploidbut the genomesare not homologouswith thoseof the annualdiploid relative, Dasypy,rumvillosum (L.) Cand. (Sakamoto,1986). So far, no Moroccan geneticmatertal of D. breviarisatumhasbeen involved in cytogeneticworks. Samplesfiom Moroccan popula- tions are indispensableto elucidatethe phylogenyof the genusDasypyrum (Cosson & Du- rieu) T. Durand.The genusAegilops L. has its primary diversity centerin the Middle East. However, the geographicaldistribution centersof someAegilops speciesand intraspecifictaxa are locatedin the westernMediterranean countries where Ae. ventricosaTausch, Ae. peregrina (Hackel)Maire et Weiller ssp.q,lindrostachys (Eig et Feinbrun)Hammer andAe. geniculata Roth ssp.g,ibberosa (Zhuk.) Hammer are found (Eig,1992; Maire, 1995)' In addition to the phylogeneticinterest, these wild specieshave a high potentialas a secon- dary or tertiary genepool in cerealbreeding programs. However, no systematiccollection of wild Triticeaespecies has been carried out. The purposeof the current cooperativebotanical mission was to collect land-racesof ce- reals,their wild relativesand weed speciesassociated with crops. Main targetplant groups were Triticum,Hordeum, and other speciesin the tribe Triticeaeand Avena. This report pre- sentsan outlineof the currentfield researchand a summarizedlist of the geneticmaterial col- 54 Al Awamia 97- Juin 1997

lected during the mission. For detailed information about collection sites and all the collec- ted material,see Furuta and Ohta (1996).

Materialand methods

The collection was conducted from June 9 till July 19, 1995 in the following four geogra- phical areas : t Southerncoasts and High Atlas (Provincesof Rabat,Casablanca, El Jadida,Essaouira, Agadir, Taroudant and Marrakech). fl Northern coasts(Provinces of Kénitra, Asilah, Larache,Tangiersand Tétouan). O The Middle Atlas (Provincesof Meknès,Fès, Ifrane and Khénifra). fl The Rif (Provinces of Taounate,Taza and Al Hoceima). The scheduleand route of the collectiontrips are shownin Table I and Figure l.

Thble 1. Scheduleand route of the collection trip Date Route Trip I June 9 Rabat - Casablaca- El Jadida l0 El Jadida - Oualidia - Safi - Tleta Sidi Bouguedra - Essaouira ll Essaouira-Tamri - Agadir - Tiznit - Agadir 12 Agâdir - Aït Baha - Tafraoute - Tiznit - Agadir 13 Agadir- Taroudant- Tizi n Test- Asni 14 Asni - Ijoukak - Mzouzite - Asni - Marrakech 15 Manakech - Settat - Ben Slimane - Bouznika - Rabat ^rnp2 June17 Rabat- Tiflet - Khemisset- Rommani- Rabat 18 Rabat- Khemisset- Ifrane- Azrou 19 Azrou - Aïn Leuh- Azrou - Ifrane- Fès 20 Fès- Pontde Sebou- Ouezzane- Chefchaouen 21 Chefchaouen- Tetouan - Tanger 22 Tanser- Larache- Kénitra- Rabat Trio' 3 JuneT7 Rabat- Fès - Taza 28 Taza- Aknoul - Al Hoceima 29 Al Hoceima - Ketama - Taounate- Fès 30 Fès - Rabat "hip 4 July 5 Rabat - Meknès - Ifrane - Azrou 6 Azrou - Timahdit - Boulâajoul - Boulemane - Tâzout - Sefrou - Imouzer Kandar - Azrou 7 Azrou - Khénifra - Boumia - 55 Al Awamia 97- Iuin 1997

8 Midelt o Midelt - Rich - Tirhibout n Sidi Hmad - Rich - Midelt l0 Midelt - Zaida- Tizi n Zou - Tagoudit- Massou ll Massou - Tâarâat- Tagoudit - - Asaka T2 Asaka - Tagoudit- - Lac Tislit - Imilchil 13 Imilchil - Aït Hani - Assoul t4 Assoul - Rich - Zetda- Midelt 15 Midelt - Beni Mellal - Marrakech 16 Marrakech - Tizi n Test - t7 Ouarzazate - - Taliouine 18 Taliouine- Tizi n Test- Asni I9 Asni-Marakech-Rabat.

Cultivatedspecies samples were collected in fields,from stacksafter harvest, farmer's stocks and seedshops. Farmerswere interviewedfor information on cultivation and utilization of the crops. Associatedweeds were sampledwhere crop spikesor seedswere collected.Wild specieswere collectedalong the roadsat intervalsof at least 10 to 20 km, as the targetspe- cies were more or less of weedy or ruderalnature. Stops also were made to collect samples when populationsof rare specieswere fbund. One spikeletor spike was sampledfrom each plant selectedat randomin the wild populationor in cultivatedfields. All the collectedgerm- plasm was divided into two parts,one for INRA andthe otherfor the Japaneseteam. All the collectedaccessions in the genusAvenaL. were identified into speciesby Morikawa, those in the family Gramineae(Poaceae) were identifiedby Ohta, and thosein the other fàmilies were identitled by Tominaga and Ohta. For the genusAegilops L. (Gramineae),Hammer's no- menclature(1980) was adopted.

Figuiê 1 Roule MAURITANIA whereôo1lêôtions

*rr.iionOutt.O ( ætu i I s6 Al Awamia 97- Juin 1991

Resultsand discussion

The total travel distancewas 7,608km (Fig.I ) and a total of I 99 siteswere sampled.The col- lection included 584 samplesrepresenting I I generaof the tribe Triticeae,557 samplesof more than 9 generain the other tribesof Gramineae,84 accessionsof Leguminosae,l6 of Caryo- phyllaceaeand 50 samplesof associatedweeds. A total of 1,346 seedand spike samplesbe- longing to 46 generaof l6 families were collected(Table 2).

Table 2. A summarized list of the seedmaterial collected

Plant species Number of samples

Cultivatedwheats 230 Triticum aestivum 104 T. durum r25 T. monococcum 1 Aegilops species t43 Aegilops geniculata 64 Ae. lorentii 8 Ae. neglecta t9

Ae. peregrina -1

Ae. triuncialis JJ Ae. ventricosa 16 Barley,rye and their wild relatives 163 Hordeum vulgare l6 H. bulbosum z other wild Hordeumspecies 18 Secale cereale 6 X Triti cose calr species I wheatand barley seedsamples 5 Other wild Triticeaespecies 48 Agropyron species 6 Crithopsis delileana I Eremopyrum orientale 1 Dasypyrum b reviaristatunt 2s Theniatherumspecies t4 X. Aeg i lotricarr species I Cultivated oats l3 Avena byzantina I A. sativa LZ \ù/ild and weedy oats "r.,^ Avena agadiriana 6 A. atlantica 8 Al Awamia 97- Iuin 1991 51

A. barbata JI A. canariensis I A. damascena 20 A. eriantha 4 A. fatua IJ A. ltirtula )1 A. logiglumis 3 A. maroccana 1 A. murphyi I A. prostreta I A. sterilis 99 Not identified 9 Other cerealsand their wild relatives t2 Panicum miliaceum 1 Setaria verticilala I Sorghumbicolor 4 Zea mays 6 Otherwild Gramineaespecies 308 Bruchypodiurrspecies 5 Bromusspecies r29 Lolium temulentum I Other Loliunr species 51 Trach1,11i6distachya 65 Others 44 Other plant species 200 Caryophyllaceae species 16 Compositaespecies 1 Cruciferaespecies 4 Dipsacaceaespecies 4 Iridaceae species 5 Leguminosaespecies 84 Liliaceaespecies 6 Papaveraceaespecies 5 Weedsamples 50 Others 19 TOTAL t.346

Cultivatedwheats

During the field trip, 125samples of TriticumdurumDesf , 104of T.aestivum L., and one sample of Triticum monococcumL. were collected. Cultivation of T. monococcumwas alreadyre- ported by Harlan (1992) and Jakubziner(1995). In the currentmission, on June20, a pure 58 Al Awamia 97- Juin 1991

cultivation of the einkorn wheat, T. monococcum,wasfound in a village at the westernfoot of the Rif Mountains,Aïn -Derej, 40 km southeastfrom Ouazzaneon the way to Fès (collection no. 1995-6-20-5A-1,Fig. 2). The elevationof the village was 250 m abovesealevel. In the location where T. monococ- cum was sampled,olive trees,barley and wheat were grown on the slope of both sidesof a small river whereNerium species.According to a local farmer,it doesn'tsnow in winter in thisvillage.T.monococcumwascultivatedinasmallplot(10mx5m)betweenabarleyfield and a breadwheat field, and it alreadyripened as well as barley and breadwheat around it . " The local farmer distinguishedT. monococcumlrom the other cerealsand called it cheka' /la ". When interviewed,he told us that the crop was sowedlast December and would be har- vestedthe following day. As his father and grandfâther did, he usedT. monococcurlxstraws to roof a cowshedbecause of their strengthand capacity to stop water tiom dripping (Fig. 3). This information strongly suggeststhat the chekaliacultivation is a remnantof the past large-scaledcultivation of T. monococcumin this area'

Figuie 2. 4 cultivatedIreld oî 1r itic wm tnon o c o c c ttt tt al Ain-Derej, 40 km southeast from Ouazzâhe,onthe way to Fes (250m,,,abovesea level)

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Figure 3. A shedfor catile roôfed wjthtlleçtems of T:ri-- t i ciuwr. no no c u c|um called rE ' :': .:.-' H cnctAià .,..ùi* Al Awamia 97- Juin 1997 59

Aegilopsspecies

A total of 143 samplesof sixAegilops species were collected. Sixty-fbur samplesof Ae. ge- niculata were collectedat 58 sitesin the Middle Atlas, the northernpart of the High Atlas, the Rif Mountainsand the northerncoastal provinces. Subspecies gibberosa vat. latiaristata (Lange)Hammer was sporadicallyfound in threesites, where it growedon terrarossa soil in associationwith ssp.geniculata (Fig. a). Randomlysampled spikes at oneof thesesites, a mar- gin of a pine plantationat 54 km eastfrom Marrakechon the way to Taddert,were morpho- logically analyzed(Fig. 5). In fact, two subspecieswere clearly identifred.Their identifica- rion was basedon the differencein spikeshape (spike lengtVspike width), densityof spikelets on spike (rachisinternode length/spikelet length), and the numberof awnson empty glumes. This analysisshowed that the two subspeciesof Ae. geniculatawere morphologicallydis- tinguishablefrom eachother and that no introgressionoccured between them. Sixteensamples of Ae. ventricos(iwere collectedfrom 14 sites,located in the Middle Atlas, the Hihg Atlas and the westernpart of the Antr-Atlas (Fig. 6). Collection site elevationwas above 1,200m (1,270 m to 2,310m), exceptone locationnear Khemisset where it reachedonly 430 m above sealevel. Concerning the otherlour Aegilopsspecies ( Ae. lorentii,Ae. neglecta,Ae. peregrina and Ae. triuncialis), the collectionlocalities are shown in (Fig. 7). Thirty-threesamples of Ae. triuncialls L. were collectedmainly in the Rif and the Middle Atlas, but not in the High Atlas. However,Ae. negleclaReq. ex Bertol. was sampledin 18 sitesmainly in the Middle Atlas and the High Atlas. Three samplesof Ae. peregrina ssp.cylindrostachys were collec- ted from Maâmora tbrest, while Ae. lorentii Hochst.was sampledin eight sitesin the nor- thern slopeof the High Atlas.

Firy,.ur.O_rl,,l ionsités raf:....tw',o,=srubsneoiërs'..ofin4ifus penrcutata ...... , " 60 Al Awamia 97- Iuin 1991

'- 3 o

a FigurC 5: Variationin,,,5pike - o morphologyof Aegilops. ge o ,d niculatacollected at a sym: a pairicpopulation ôf the.two subspçciesat 54 km east ftom Marrakechon the way to Taddeiti,,, 0.4 0.5 Rachis internodslenglh i Splkelet lergth

Figure 6; Collec,tionsites of A'egilo p s vg 4t r i ëô's a';':

Figrue 7. Collection sites of Aeg i lop s'lôrc û i i, A e.ne11le cta, Ae. tliuncialis 4nd Ae. fer- egrtna. ,,r:.: ,, ,,,i AI Awamia 97- Jûn 1991 6t

Barley,its wild relatives and rye

A total of 76 spike samplesof two-rowed and six-rowedbarley, Hordeum vulgare L', were collectedin the northerncoastal region as well as two samplepof H. bulbosuruL. Seventy- eight samplesof witd Hordeumspecies were also collected, and their identificationinto spe- cies is now in progress.Rye, Secale cereale L., was sampledtiom two rye fields, two barley fields, a breadwheat field and a durum wheatfield. Five of them were found in a mountai- nousregion whereelevation is higherthan 1.000m andthe other nearRabat at about400 m abovesea level. Besidesthese samples, a sampleof triticale was collectedin the southerncoas- tal region. It vigorously grew in spiteof winter drought'

Otherwild Triticeae species

Fourty-sevensamples of the other fbur triticeaegenera were collectedfiom 36 sitesin the moun- tainousregions (Fig. 8). Twenty five samplesof perennialDasypyrum breviaristatutn were collected fram 27 sitesin the Middle Atlas and the northernslope of the High Atlas (Fig. 8). Collection site elevationand ecologicalfeature of collectionsites are presented in Table 3.

l-f L)t

Figtrre 8. Collection sites of the generaDasy'purum, Taeniatherum, Cri t hop sis andtE iè mop y:r um. 62 Al Awamia 97- Juin 1997

Thble 3 . Elevation and ecological feature of the 21 sites where Dasypyrum breviaristatum was collected. Elevation Soil Bed' Surrounding SiteNo. (m) Habitat' color rock vegetation

6-14-1 1,050 a brown C Quercus Pistacia 6-18-1 1,270 a red C Quercus 6-18-10 1,600 b red C Quercus 6-19-3 1,110 a brown C n.d.2 6-19-10 1,510 b brown C Quercus 6-30-2 1,300 red C Quercus 7-5-2 1,600 a red C Quercus 7-6-1 1,750 a brown C n.d. 7-6-7 r,490 a gray C Quercus 7-6-9 1,494 a brown C Quercus,Abies 7-6-10 I,550 b brown C Quercus,Abies 7-t-6 1,920 b brown C Quercus 7-10-2 1,910 a gIay c Abies 7-10-4 2,060 a,b brown C n.d. 7-rl-1 2,130 a,b brown C n.d 7-11-3 2,120 a grav C Quercus 7-rr-4 1,980 a Éruv c Quercus 7-12-1 2,310 a n.d.2 C n.d. 7-12-4 2,250 d gJay c n.d. 7-16-2 r,400 a red C Quercus 7-16-5 2 ,160 d yellowish C n.d. Sray

c: openoak forests, d : grasslands. 2n.d : no description. 3C:calcareousrock.

D. breviastaturnhabitats were different from site to site. However, it occured at an elevation higer than 1,000m and on naturally or artificially disturbedterra rossa or loesssoil, on cal- careousbedrock. Concerning the genusTaeniatherunr Nevski which has two diploid species, 14 sampleswere collectedin the Rif, the Middle Atlas, the High Atlas and the Anti-Atlas (Fig. 8). For the generaCrithopsis Jaub.et Spach and Eremopyrum(Ledeb.) Jaub. et Spach, all the collectedsamples were locatedin the dry southernfoot of the High Atlas (Fig. 8). Two samplesof Agropyron elongatum(Host) P.Beauv. andof Ag.junceum (L.) P.Beauv. were col- lected, one in wet land in the northern coast and the other one in a sandy seashorein the sou- thern coast,respectively. Ag. cistatum (L.) Gaertnerwas sampledin the southernbank of Lake Tislit in the Hish Atlas. Al Awutniu97- Juin l99l 63

Cultivatedand wild oats

Thirteen samples of thc two cultivatecioat speciesas well as 224 samplesof l3 wlld Avena species,including those endemic to Morocco,were collected during this research trip. Detailed collectiondata lbr the genusAvena wlll be publishedsoon.

Herbariumspecimens

In addition to seedand spike collections,a total of 534 plateso1'herbarium specimens were made. They belong t() morc than 20 lâmilies and are now under identification.

Conclusion

Due to the increasinggenetic erosion Morocco is sufferingfrom, systematiccollections of im- portantplant geneticresources shoultl be carriedout. The presentcollection mission made a gree.tcontribution to the conservationof cultivatedcereals, their wild relativesand associa- ted weedsin Morocco.The collectedgenetic material is preservedand evaluated at INRA (all the accessions),Osaka Pref'ccture University (Avena spp.), Kyoto PrefecturalUniversity (her- barium specimensand Lolium spp) and Fukui PrefecturalUniversity (Triticeaespp). It will be certainly useclby Moroccan nationalcercal breedingprograms to develop outstanding commercialvarieties.

Acknowledgements

This researchwas financially supported by theMinistry of Education,Science, Sports and Cul- ture, Japan(Grant-in aid lbr InternationalScientific Research Program: Field Research N" 07041I 33). Thc membersexpress thcir sincercgratitude to all the staffs of INRA fbr their help during exploration.Hearty thanksare also due to Mr. W. Oda and Mr. K. Yonezu,First secrctaries,Japanese Embassy o('Morocco fbr theirkind advice.

References

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Eig, A. 1929.Monographisch-Kritische Uebersicht der Gattung Aegilops. Repert.Spec. Nov. Regni veg. 55: 1-228. Frederiksen,S. 1991.Taxonomic studies in Dasypyrum(Poaceae). Nord. J. Bot. 1l : 135-142. 'The Furuta,Y., and S. Ohta. 1996.A preliminaryreport of Gifu UniversityScientific Exploration in the MediterraneanRegion in 1995(GSEM95)'. Faculty of Agriculture,Gifu University,Gifu, 7l pp. Eig, A. 1929.Monographisch-Kritische Uebersicht der Gattung Aegilops. Repert. Spec.Nov, Regni veg. 55: l-228. Frederiksen,S. 1991.Taxonomic studies in Dasypyrum(Poaceae). Nord. J. Bot. 11 : 135-142. Furuta,Y., and S. Ohta. 1996.A preliminaryreport of < The Gifu University ScientificExploration in The MediteraneanRegion in 1995(GSEM95) >. Faculty of Agriculture,Gifu University,Gifu, 71pp. Hammer,K. 1980.Vorarbeiten zur monographischenDarstellung von Wildpflanzensortimenten: Ae- gilops L. Kulturpflanze28 : 33-180. Harlan,J.R. 1992.Crops and man (2nd ed.).American Society of Agronomy andCrop ScienceSociety of America, Madison, 284 pp. Jakubziner,M. M. I 959. New wheat species. In Jenkins,B. C. ed., Proccedingsof the First Interna- tional Wheat geneticsSymposium, University of Manitoba,Manitoba, pp. 207-220. Maire, R. 1955.Flore de I'Afrique du Nord 3. Paul Lechevalier,Paris, 399 pp. Molina-Cano,J.L., C. Gomèz-Campo,and J. Conde. 1982.Hordeum spontaneumC. Koch as a weed of barley fields in Morocco. Z.Pflanzenz,chtg.88 : 161-167. Sakamoto,S. 1986.Genome analysis of polyploid form of Haynaldiahordeacea in the tribe Triticeae Gramineae. lnLi,Z., and M. S. Swaminathaneds. Proceedings of the First InternationalSymposium on ChromosomeEngineering in Plants,Xian, pp. 52-53. Sakamoto,S.,and H. Kobayashi. 1982. Variation and geographicaldistribution of cultivated plants, their wild relativesand weedsnative to Turkey,Greece and Romania. In Y Tani ed.,Preliminary report of comparativestudies on the agrico-pastoralpeople in southwesternEurasia, Research Institute for Hu- manistic Studies,Kyoto University,Kyoto, pp.41-104. Sarkar,P. 1957.A new diploid form of Haynaldiahordeacea Hack. Wheat Inform. Serv.6 :22. Sauvage,C. 1975.L'état actuelde nos connaissancessur la flore du Maroc. Dans < La Flore du Bassin Méditerranéen>>. Essai de SystématiqueSynthétique. pp. 131-42.(CNRS, Paris).