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checklist 10 - 30 juli 2012

Southern Peru Checklist 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 h Nothocercus nigrocapillus Hooded Tinamou h 1 Crypturellus cinereus Cinereous Tinamou h 1 h soui Little Tinamou h h h obsoletus Brown Tinamou h 1 undulatus Undulated Tinamou h h h h 1 h 1 h h h atrocapillus Black-capped Tinamou h h h variegatus Variegated Tinamou h h 1 Anhima cornuta Horned Screamer 2 10 2 1 Chloephaga melanoptera Andean Goose 6 1 Neochen jubata Orinoco Goose 3 1 2 2 1 Cairina moschata Muscovy Duck 6 1 Merganetta armata Torrent Duck 10 1 Lophonetta specularioides Crested Duck 4 1 Anas flavirostris Yellow-billed Teal 10 1 georgica Yellow-billed Pintail 1 1 puna Puna Teal 6 1 cyanoptera Cinnamon Teal 6 1 Oxyura jamaicensis Ruddy Duck 4 8 5 1 Penelope montagnii Andean Guan 3 1 2 10 1 jacquacu Spix's Guan 1 h 6 3 1 Pipile cumanensis Blue-throated Piping-Guan 1 1 1 1 Ortalis guttata Speckled Chachalaca 8 8 15 15 6 10 h stellatus Starred Wood-Quail h 1 Rollandia rolland White-tufted Grebe 2 1 Tachybaptus dominicus Least Grebe 8 1 Podilymbus podiceps Pied-billed Grebe 8 1 Podiceps major Great Grebe 5 1 occipitalis Silvery Grebe 15 1 Spheniscus humboldti Humboldt Penguin 60 Page 2 1 Phoebastria irrorata Waved Albatross 1 1 salvini Salvin's Albatross 1 1 Daption capense Cape Petrel 1 1 Procellaria aequinoctialis White-chinned Petrel 15 1 Puffinus griseus Sooty Shearwater 350 1 creatopus Pink-footed Shearwater 4 1 Oceanites oceanicus Wilson's Storm-Petrel 50 1 Wedge-rumped Storm-Petrel 15 1 gracilis Elliot's Storm-Petrel 500 1 Oceanodroma markhami Markham's Storm-Petrel 5 1 hornbyi Ringed Storm-Petrel 6 1 Pelecanoides garnotii Peruvian Diving-Petrel 6 1 Mycteria americana Wood Stork 1 6 1 Sula nebouxii Blue-footed Booby 5 1 variegata Peruvian Booby 3000+ 150 1 Phalacrocorax brasilianus Neotropic Cormorant 300 500 1 50 6 1 1 6 1 gaimardi Red-legged Cormorant 50 1 bougainvillii Guanay Cormorant ### ### 1 Anhinga anhinga Anhinga 1 1 Pelecanus thagus Peruvian Pelican 100 50 1 Tigrisoma lineatum Rufescent Tiger-Heron 1 1 fasciatum Fasciated Tiger-Heron 1 3 1 1 Nycticorax nycticorax Black-crowned Night-Heron 1 5 2 3 1 Yellow-crowned Night-Heron 1 1 Butorides striata Striated Heron 1 1 1 Bubulcus Cattle Egret 50 15 5 1 Ardea cocoi Cocoi Heron 1 3 1 4 10 1 alba Great Egret 25 10 2 4 15 1 1 Pilherodius pileatus Capped Heron 3 1 5 1 thula Snowy Egret 10 50 3 4 1 25 1 5 15 1 caerulea Little Blue Heron 200 1 6 1 ridgwayi 40 250 50 4 1 Mesembrinibis cayennensis Green Ibis 1 1 1 Platalea ajaja Roseate 1 2 1 Cathartes aura Turkey Vulture 15 2 3 10 10 25 1 1 15 5 1 melambrotus Greater Yellow-headed Vulture 1 10 5 3 1 5 15 2 1 Coragyps atratus Black Vulture 50 150 5 1 3 25 4 4 3 100 5 1 Sarcoramphus papa King Vulture 1 3 7 1 Vultur gryphus Andean Condor 6 4 2 1 Pandion haliaetus Osprey 1 1 1 Elanus leucurus White-tailed Kite 2 1 Elanoides forficatus Swallow-tailed Kite 1 1 Page 3 1 Harpagus bidentatus Double-toothed Kite 1 1 1 Ictinia plumbea Plumbeous Kite 2 8 2 15 4 15 4 15 8 1 Pearl Kite 1 1 Geranospiza caerulescens Crane Hawk 1 1 1 Hook-billed Kite 2 1 albicollis White Hawk 1 1 Buteogallus urubitinga Great Black-Hawk 3 1 Geranoaetus melanoleucus Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle 4 1 Parabuteo unicinctus Harris's Hawk 2 1 Buteo magnirostris Roadside Hawk 2 4 8 2 4 15 5 1 nitidus Grey Hawk 1 1 albigula White-throated Hawk 1 1 polyosoma Variable Hawk 3 2 1 albonotatus Zone-tailed Hawk 1 1 1 ornatus Ornate Hawk-Eagle 2 1 Herpetotheres cachinnans Laughing Falcon 1 1 1 gilvicollis Lined Forest-Falcon 2 1 Caracara plancus Southern Caracara 1 1 1 Ibycter americanus Red-throated Caracara 2 5 h 1 Phalcoboenus megalopterus Mountain Caracara 3 2 5 3 15 1 Daptrius ater Black Caracara 2 4 15 1 1 1 Falco sparverius American Kestrel 2 4 5 5 4 2 3 1 rufigularis Bat Falcon 1 1 2 1 peregrinus Peregrine Falcon 2 1 Aramus guarauna Limpkin 1 1 Psophia leucoptera Pale-winged Trumpeter 8 1 Aramides cajanea Grey-necked Wood-Rail h 1 1 1 sanguinolentus Plumbeous Rail h 6 1 Gallinula galeata Common Gallinule 50 6 1 1 gigantea Giant Coot 4 1 ardesiaca Slate-coloured Coot 15 10 1 Heliornis fulica Sungrebe 1 1 Eurypyga helias Sunbittern 2 2 1 2 1 Vanellus cayanus Pied Lapwing 15 2 6 1 Southern Lapwing 2 4 1 resplendens Andean Lapwing 8 4 6 1 Charadrius semipalmatus Semipalmated Plover 15 1 vociferus Killdeer 1 50 1 collaris Collared Plover 2 1 1 Phegornis mitchellii Diademed Sandpiper-Plover 1 1 Haematopus palliatus American Oystercatcher 25 25 1 ater Blackish Oystercatcher 4 Page 4 1 Himantopus mexicanus Black-necked Stilt 15 1 Gallinago andina Puna Snipe 2 1 Numenius phaeopus Whimbrel 2 1 solitaria Solitary Sandpiper 1 1 semipalmata Willet 2 1 Arenaria interpres Ruddy Turnstone 15 50 1 Aphriza virgata Surfbird 25 1 Attagis gayi Rufous-bellied Seedsnipe 3 1 Thinocorus orbignyianus Grey-breasted Seedsnipe 6 1 Jacana jacana Wattled Jacana 10 3 1 Stercorarius chilensis Chilean Skua 6 1 Chroicocephalus serranus Andean Gull ### 2 25 50 5 8 1 Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus Grey-hooded Gull 25 15 1 Leucophaeus modestus Grey Gull 80 150 1 pipixcan Franklin's Gull 10 15 1 Laughing Gull 1 1 Larus belcheri Belcher's Gull 400 120 1 dominicanus Kelp Gull 80 500 1 Sternula superciliaris Yellow-billed Tern 1 6 4 4 6 1 1 Phaetusa simplex Large-billed Tern 15 6 1 Larosterna inca Inca Tern 800 500 1 hirundinacea South American Tern 8 1 Rynchops niger Black Skimmer 50 10 4 25 1 Columbina talpacoti Ruddy Ground-Dove 1 6 1 cruziana Croaking Ground-Dove 15 4 1 Metriopelia ceciliae Bare-faced Ground-Dove 50 15 1 melanoptera Black-winged Ground-Dove 8 4 1 Patagioenas maculosa Spot-winged Pigeon 7 3 6 1 fasciata Band-tailed Pigeon 1 6 5 1 cayennensis Pale-vented Pigeon 2 1 h 25 15 15 5 1 plumbea Plumbeous Pigeon 8 4 1 subvinacea Ruddy Pigeon 2 1 Zenaida meloda West Peruvian Dove 50 25 150 1 auriculata Eared Dove 80 50 25 15 1 Leptotila verreauxi White-tipped Dove 50 4 50 15 1 rufaxilla Grey-fronted Dove h 2 h h 1 1 3 1 Ara ararauna Blue-and-yellow Macaw 16 30 25 20 1 militaris Military Macaw 8 1 macao Scarlet Macaw 3 4 6 8 16 4 1 chloropterus Red-and-green Macaw 10 14 26 60 15 1 severus Chestnut-fronted Macaw 5 2 8 50 50 40 6 2 1 Orthopsittaca manilata Red-bellied Macaw 50 30 10 6 Page 5 1 Primolius couloni Blue-headed Macaw 28 1 mitrata Mitred Parakeet 4 4 1 leucophthalma White-eyed Parakeet 1 15 400 3 1 weddellii Dusky-headed Parakeet h 3 3 25 1 Pyrrhura roseifrons Rose-fronted Parakeet 2 4 1 Forpus modestus Dusky-billed Parrotlet 2 10 1 Brotogeris sanctithomae Tui Parakeet 2 2 2 1 cyanoptera Cobalt-winged Parakeet 150 40 10 5 6 5 1 Psilopsiagon aurifrons Mountain Parakeet 8 1 Pionites leucogaster White-bellied Parrot 8 4 1 Pyrilia barrabandi Orange-cheeked Parrot 1 2 10 15 1 Pionus menstruus Blue-headed Parrot 5 4 300 40 50 50 250 50 10 1 Amazona ochrocephala Yellow-crowned Parrot 2 4 8 2 15 1 farinosa Mealy Parrot 6 4 20 1 1 Opisthocomus hoazin Hoatzin 20 15 15 1 Piaya cayana Squirrel Cuckoo 1 1 1 1 1 melanogaster Black-bellied Cuckoo 1 4 2 1 ani Smooth-billed Ani 5 6 25 1 sulcirostris Groove-billed Ani 15 h Neomorphus geoffroyi Rufous-vented Ground-Cuckoo h 1 watsonii Tawny-bellied Screech-Owl 1 h h h h h h Lophostrix cristata Crested Owl h 1 Ciccaba huhula Black-banded Owl 1 1 Glaucidium bolivianum Yungas Pygmy-Owl 2 1 1 hardyi Amazonian Pygmy-Owl 1 1 1 peruanum Peruvian Pygmy-Owl 3 1 1 1 Athene cunicularia Burrowing Owl 1 1 3 h Nyctibius grandis Great Potoo h h h 1 Chordeiles rupestris Sand-coloured Nighthawk 50 8 100 25 25 80 1 Nyctidromus albicollis Common Pauraque 4 h 1 h h h 1 Hydropsalis climacocerca Ladder-tailed Nightjar 1 h 1 Uropsalis segmentata Swallow-tailed Nightjar 1 1 lyra Lyre-tailed Nightjar 1 1 Streptoprocne rutila Chestnut-collared Swift 4 1 zonaris White-collared Swift 50 500 15 500 20 25 15 2 1 Chaetura cinereiventris Grey-rumped Swift 10 10 4 1 brachyura Short-tailed Swift 15 2 6 2 6 1 andecolus Andean Swift 6 25 1 Tachornis squamata Fork-tailed Palm-Swift 5 2 25 2 5 400 6 1 Panyptila cayennensis Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift 4 1 Florisuga mellivora White-necked Jacobin 4 15 1 1 Phaethornis ruber Reddish Hermit 1 Page 6 1 hispidus White-bearded Hermit 1 1 malaris Great-billed Hermit 2 1 1 Colibri thalassinus Green Violetear 3 1 coruscans Sparkling Violetear 15 6 4 8 1 1 1 Heliothryx auritus Black-eared Fairy 1 1 1 Heliangelus amethysticollis Amethyst-throated Sunangel 2 8 1 Discosura popelairii Wire-crested Thorntail 3 1 Lophornis delattrei Rufous-crested Coquette 3 1 Adelomyia melanogenys Speckled 3 1 3 1 Aglaiocercus kingi Long-tailed Sylph 1 1 1 Polyonymus caroli BRONZE-TAILED COMET 1 1 Oreotrochilus estella Andean 3 1 melanogaster BLACK-BREASTED HILLSTAR 2 1 Lesbia victoriae Black-tailed Trainbearer 1 1 Chalcostigma ruficeps Rufous-capped Thornbill 4 1 olivaceum Olivaceous Thornbill 2 1 stanleyi Blue-mantled Thornbill 1 1 Oreonympha nobilis BEARDED MOUNTAINEER 1 1 Metallura tyrianthina Tyrian 1 3 1 aeneocauda Scaled Metaltail 1 1 phoebe BLACK METALTAIL 1 2 1 Aglaeactis cupripennis Shining Sunbeam 2 15 10 1 castelnaudii WHITE-TUFTED SUNBEAM 4 6 1 torquata Collared Inca 'goulds' 1 1 violifer Violet-throated Starfrontlet 1 3 1 Ensifera ensifera Sword-billed Hummingbird 1 1 Pterophanes cyanopterus Great Sapphirewing 5 2 1 1 Boissonneaua matthewsii Chestnut-breasted Coronet 6 1 Ocreatus underwoodii Booted Racket-tail 10 1 1 aurescens Gould's Jewelfront 4 4 1 1 Black-throated Mango 1 1 leadbeateri Violet-fronted Brilliant 20 4 1 Patagona gigas Giant Hummingbird 5 3 4 1 1 Heliomaster longirostris Long-billed Starthroat 1 2 1 1 Myrtis fanny Purple-collared Woodstar 15 5 1 Rhodopis vesper Oasis Hummingbird 1 1 Thaumastura cora Peruvian Sheartail 5 1 1 Chaetocercus mulsant White-bellied Woodstar 1 1 1 Chlorostilbon mellisugus Blue-tailed Emerald 3 2 1 1 Campylopterus largipennis Grey-breasted Sabrewing 2 2 1 Thalurania furcata Fork-tailed Woodnymph 3 1 1 2 1 4 1 Taphrospilus hypostictus Many-spotted Hummingbird 5 3 Page 7 1 Amazilia chionogaster White-bellied Hummingbird 3 1 1 viridicauda GREEN-AND-WHITE HUMMINGBIRD 3 1 amazilia Amazilia Hummingbird 2 1 lactea Sapphire-spangled Emerald 3 4 1 Chrysuronia oenone Golden-tailed Sapphire 5 2 1 Hylocharis cyanus White-chinned Sapphire 1 1 Pharomachrus pavoninus Pavonine Quetzal 1 1 Trogon melanurus Black-tailed Trogon 3 2 2 2 1 ramonianus Amazonian Trogon 1 1 1 1 curucui Blue-crowned Trogon 2 2 2 h 1 collaris Collared Trogon 2 1 1 Megaceryle torquata Ringed Kingfisher 2 4 4 1 Chloroceryle amazona Amazon Kingfisher 1 3 1 5 2 4 1 americana Green Kingfisher 1 2 1 1 inda Green-and-rufous Kingfisher 1 1 Electron platyrhynchum Broad-billed Motmot h h 3 3 1 Baryphthengus martii Rufous Motmot 1 1 Momotus momota Amazonian Motmot 2 h h 1 aequatorialis Andean Motmot 1 3 6 1 1 Galbalcyrhynchus purusianus Purus Jacamar 2 1 Brachygalba albogularis White-throated Jacamar 2 1 Galbula cyanescens Bluish-fronted Jacamar 1 1 2 2 1 1 Jacamerops aureus Great Jacamar h 1 1 Pied Puffbird 1 1 1 Nystalus striolatus Striolated Puffbird 2 1 fulvogularis Black-streaked Puffbird 1 1 1 Nonnula ruficapilla Rufous-capped Nunlet 2 2 1 Monasa nigrifrons Black-fronted Nunbird 2 5 4 10 10 4 15 3 1 morphoeus White-fronted Nunbird 1 5 8 1 Chelidoptera tenebrosa Swallow-winged Puffbird 4 15 8 5 6 15 1 Capito auratus Gilded Barbet 2 2 1 Eubucco richardsoni Lemon-throated Barbet h 1 1 tucinkae Scarlet-hooded Barbet 2 1 versicolor Versicoloured Barbet 2 1 Ramphastos tucanus White-throated Toucan 3 h 10 15 6 4 1 vitellinus Channel-billed Toucan 2 h h 1 Aulacorhynchus prasinus Emerald Toucanet (atrogularis) 1 1 derbianus Chestnut-tipped Toucanet 1 1 coeruleicinctis Blue-banded Toucanet 1 1 Andigena hypoglauca Grey-breasted Mountain-Toucan 1 1 1 1 Selenidera reinwardtii Golden-collared Toucanet 2 1 castanotis Chestnut-eared Aracari 1 1 8 2 8 2 Page 8 1 azara Ivory-billed Aracari 1 1 Melanerpes cruentatus Yellow-tufted Woodpecker 1 4 1 1 Veniliornis passerinus Little Woodpecker 1 1 Piculus leucolaemus White-throated Woodpecker 1 1 chrysochloros Golden-green Woodpecker 1 1 Colaptes rubiginosus Golden-olive Woodpecker 1 1 atricollis Black-necked Woodpecker 8 1 1 punctigula Spot-breasted Woodpecker 1 1 1 rupicola Andean Flicker 1 1 h h 1 Celeus grammicus Scale-breasted Woodpecker 1 1 Dryocopus lineatus Lineated Woodpecker 1 1 2 1 Campephilus haematogaster Crimson-bellied Woodpecker 1 1 rubricollis Red-necked Woodpecker 1 1 h 1 melanoleucos Crimson-crested Woodpecker 2 3 1 cunicularia Common Miner 3 1 tenuirostris Slender-billed Miner 1 1 saxicolina DARK-WINGED MINER 2 h crassirostris THICK-BILLED MINER h 1 Geocerthia serrana STRIATED EARTHCREEPER 3 1 jelskii Plain-breasted Earthcreeper 4 1 Cinclodes albiventris Cream-winged Cinclodes 25 1 4 1 atacamensis White-winged Cinclodes 2 1 2 1 palliatus WHITE-BELLIED CINCLODES 8 1 taczanowskii SURF CINCLODES 5 1 Furnarius leucopus Pale-legged Hornero 2 4 1 1 Phleocryptes melanops -like Rushbird 2 4 1 Leptasthenura yanacensis Tawny Tit-Spinetail 3 1 pileata RUSTY-CROWNED TIT-SPINETAIL 1 1 1 xenothorax WHITE-BROWED TIT-SPINETAIL 4 1 striata Streaked Tit-Spinetail 1 1 Synallaxis azarae Azara's Spinetail 1 2 h 1 cabanisi Cabanis's Spinetail 1 1 gujanensis Plain-crowned Spinetail 2 2 h 1 Cranioleuca marcapatae MARCAPATA SPINETAIL 4 1 albicapilla CREAMY-CRESTED SPINETAIL h 2 1 gutturata Speckled Spinetail 1 1 Thripophaga fusciceps Plain Softtail 2 2 h 1 virgata JUNIN CANASTERO 2 1 humilis Streak-throated Canastero 3 1 helleri Puna Thistletail 1 1 1 pudibunda Canyon Canastero 3 1 ottonis RUSTY-FRONTED CANASTERO 1 2 Page 9 1 Phacellodomus striaticeps Streak-fronted Thornbird 1 1 Premnoplex brunnescens Spotted Barbtail 1 1 Margarornis squamiger Pearled Treerunner 6 3 1 Anabacerthia striaticollis Montane Foliage-gleaner 2 2 1 1 Syndactyla rufosuperciliata Buff-browed Foliage-gleaner 1 1 Simoxenops ucayalae Peruvian Recurvebill h 1 1 Ancistrops strigilatus Chestnut-winged Hookbill 1 3 2 1 Hyloctistes subulatus Striped Woodhaunter 2 1 erythropterum Chestnut-winged Foliage-gleaner 1 1 1 rufum Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner 1 1 Anabazenops dorsalis Dusky-cheeked Foliage-gleaner 1 1 holostictus Striped Treehunter 1 1 Automolus ochrolaemus Buff-throated Foliage-gleaner 1 1 infuscatus Olive-backed Foliage-gleaner h h 1 melanopezus Brown-rumped Foliage-gleaner 1 1 minutus Plain Xenops 1 1 rutilans Streaked Xenops 2 1 merula White-chinned Woodcreeper 1 1 Sittasomus griseicapillus Olivaceous Woodcreeper 1 1 Deconychura longicauda Long-tailed Woodcreeper 2 h 1 Glyphorynchus spirurus Wedge-billed Woodcreeper 1 4 1 1 Dendrexetastes rufigula Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper 2 1 picumnus Black-banded Woodcreeper 1 1 Dendroplex picus Straight-billed Woodcreeper 2 1 elegans Elegant (Spixs) Woodcreeper 1 1 guttatus Buff-throated Woodcreeper 1 3 2 2 1 triangularis Olive-backed Woodcreeper 1 2 1 Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger Montane Woodcreeper 1 1 albolineatus Lineated Woodcreeper 3 1 Campylorhamphus trochilirostris Red-billed Scythebill 1 h 1 Cymbilaimus lineatus Fasciated Antshrike 1 1 sanctaemariae Bamboo Antshrike 1 1 Taraba major Great Antshrike 1 1 1 Thamnophilus doliatus Barred Antshrike 1 h palliatus Chestnut-backed Antshrike h 1 schistaceus Plain-winged Antshrike h 2 1 1 1 caerulescens Variable Antshrike 2 1 Thamnomanes ardesiacus Dusky-throated Antshrike 2 3 2 1 schistogynus Bluish-slate Antshrike h 2 2 2 2 1 Pygiptila stellaris Spot-winged Antshrike 2 2 h Epinecrophylla leucophthalma White-eyed Antwren h 1 Myrmotherula brachyura Pygmy Antwren 2 Page 10 1 sclateri Sclater's Antwren 1 1 1 multostriata Amazonian Streaked-Antwren 1 1 hauxwelli Plain-throated Antwren 2 1 1 axillaris White-flanked Antwren 1 1 longipennis Long-winged Antwren h 1 1 iheringi Ihering's Antwren 3 1 menetriesii Grey Antwren 2 1 2 1 1 h Dichrozona cincta Banded Antbird h h 1 Microrhopias quixensis Dot-winged Antwren 2 2 1 Drymophila devillei Striated Antbird 1 1 1 Hypocnemis peruviana Peruvian Warbling-Antbird 1 h subflava Yellow-breasted Warbling-Antbird h 1 Cercomacra cinerascens Grey Antbird 1 h nigrescens Blackish Antbird h h 1 manu Manu Antbird 1 1 h 1 h Pyriglena leuconota White-backed Fire-eye h 1 Myrmoborus leucophrys White-browed Antbird 1 1 h 3 1 1 myotherinus Black-faced Antbird 1 1 Hypocnemoides maculicauda Band-tailed Antbird 2 1 Sclateria naevia Silvered Antbird 1 1 Percnostola lophotes White-lined Antbird 2 1 2 h Myrmeciza hemimelaena Chestnut-tailed Antbird h 2 1 atrothorax Black-throated Antbird 2 1 goeldii Goeldi's Antbird 1 1 h 1 fortis Sooty Antbird 1 h Gymnopithys salvini White-throated Antbird h 1 Willisornis poecilinotus Scale-backed Antbird 2 1 Phlegopsis nigromaculata Black-spotted Bare-eye 1 1 h 1 Formicarius colma Rufous-capped Antthrush 1 h analis Black-faced Antthrush h h h h 1 andicolus Stripe-headed Antpitta 3 3 h erythroleuca RED-AND-WHITE ANTPITTA h h h rufula Rufous Antpitta h h Hylopezus berlepschi Amazonian Antpitta h h Myrmothera campanisona Thrush-like Antpitta h h ardesiaca Slaty Gnateater h h Liosceles thoracicus Rusty-belted Tapaculo h h h h 1 Scytalopus parvirostris Trilling Tapaculo h 1 h atratus White-crowned Tapaculo h 1 simonsi Puna Tapaculo 1 1 Phyllomyias sclateri Sclater's Tyrannulet 2 1 uropygialis Tawny-rumped Tyrannulet 1 Page 11 1 Tyrannulus elatus Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet 1 h 1 Myiopagis gaimardii Forest Elaenia 1 1 1 caniceps Grey Elaenia 2 1 Elaenia spectabilis Large Elaenia 1 1 1 albiceps White-crested Elaenia 2 15 1 2 1 1 pallatangae Sierran Elaenia 3 6 2 1 Ornithion inerme White-lored Tyrannulet 2 1 Camptostoma obsoletum Southern (Tumbes) Beardless-Tyrannulet 7 7 1 Mecocerculus poecilocercus White-tailed Tyrannulet 2 1 stictopterus White-banded Tyrannulet 5 4 1 leucophrys White-throated Tyrannulet 1 1 1 Anairetes reguloides Pied-crested Tit-Tyrant 4 1 alpinus Ash-breasted Tit-Tyrant 1 1 flavirostris Yellow-billed Tit-Tyrant 4 1 1 parulus Tufted Tit-Tyrant 2 1 agraphia UNSTREAKED TIT-TYRANT 3 1 Serpophaga cinerea Torrent Tyrannulet 3 1 Corythopis torquatus Ringed Antpipit h h 1 1 Zimmerius bolivianus Bolivian Tyrannulet 1 1 1 gracilipes Slender-footed Tyrannulet 2 1 1 ophthalmicus Marble-faced Bristle-Tyrant 2 1 1 ventralis Mottle-cheeked Tyrannulet 8 1 parkeri Cinnamon-faced Tyrannulet 1 1 Mionectes striaticollis Streak-necked Flycatcher 3 1 5 2 1 olivaceus Olive-striped Flycatcher 1 2 2 1 oleagineus Ochre-bellied Flycatcher 2 2 2 1 macconnelli McConnell's Flycatcher 2 1 Leptopogon amaurocephalus Sepia-capped Flycatcher 1 1 1 superciliaris Slaty-capped Flycatcher 2 1 Sublegatus modestus Southern Scrub-Flycatcher 1 1 1 Tachuris rubrigastra Many-coloured Rush Tyrant 2 5 1 Myiornis ecaudatus Short-tailed Pygmy-Tyrant 1 1 1 1 Lophotriccus pileatus Scale-crested Pygmy-Tyrant 4 h h griseipectus White-bellied Tody-Tyrant h h 1 Poecilotriccus albifacies White-cheeked Tody-Flycatcher 1 1 latirostris Rusty-fronted Tody-Flycatcher 1 1 pulchellus BLACK-BACKED TODY-FLYCATCHER 1 1 chrysocrotaphum Yellow-browed Tody-Flycatcher 1 1 1 Tolmomyias sulphurescens Yellow-olive Flycatcher 1 1 assimilis Yellow-margined Flycatcher 1 1 poliocephalus Grey-crowned Flycatcher 2 2 1 1 1 Platyrinchus coronatus Golden-crowned Spadebill 2 Page 12 1 fasciatus Bran-coloured Flycatcher 1 2 2 1 Bran-coloured Flycatcher (rufescens) 2 1 Terenotriccus erythrurus Ruddy-tailed Flycatcher 1 1 Pyrrhomyias cinnamomeus Cinnamon Flycatcher 2 4 8 1 Nephelomyias pulcher Handsome Flycatcher 1 1 ochraceiventris Ochraceous-breasted Flycatcher 1 1 Sayornis nigricans Black Phoebe 6 1 1 1 Pyrocephalus rubinus Vermilion Flycatcher 1 3 3 5 2 1 2 3 4 5 1 Knipolegus aterrimus White-winged Black-Tyrant 3 1 Ochthornis littoralis Drab Water Tyrant 6 5 3 2 4 1 Muscisaxicola fluviatilis Little Ground-Tyrant 2 3 2 1 griseus Taczanowski's Ground-Tyrant 8 1 juninensis Puna Ground-Tyrant 1 1 cinereus Cinereous Ground-Tyrant 4 1 albifrons White-fronted Ground-Tyrant 5 1 flavinucha Ochre-naped Ground-Tyrant 2 1 rufivertex Rufous-naped Ground-Tyrant 4 1 Agriornis montanus Black-billed Shrike-Tyrant 1 1 1 Myiotheretes striaticollis Streak-throated Bush-Tyrant 3 1 Polioxolmis rufipennis Rufous-webbed Bush-Tyrant 1 1 cinnamomeiventris Slaty-backed Chat-Tyrant 3 1 rufipectoralis Rufous-breasted Chat-Tyrant 1 8 3 1 oenanthoides d'Orbigny's Chat-Tyrant 3 1 leucophrys White-browed Chat-Tyrant 4 4 3 5 1 Colonia colonus Long-tailed Tyrant 3 5 1 Myiozetetes cayanensis Rusty-margined Flycatcher 2 1 similis Social Flycatcher 1 4 6 2 4 5 4 1 Dusky-chested Flycatcher 1 1 granadensis Grey-capped Flycatcher 1 1 4 1 1 Pitangus sulphuratus Great Kiskadee 5 5 4 4 1 lictor Lesser Kiskadee 4 1 1 Conopias cinchoneti Lemon-browed Flycatcher 2 1 Myiodynastes chrysocephalus Golden-crowned Flycatcher 2 2 2 1 maculatus Streaked Flycatcher 1 1 4 2 1 Megarynchus pitangua Boat-billed Flycatcher 2 h 1 1 2 1 Tyrannopsis sulphurea Sulphury Flycatcher 2 1 1 1 Tyrannus melancholicus Tropical Kingbird 4 2 4 3 10 25 5 15 15 10 1 Myiarchus tuberculifer Dusky-capped Flycatcher 1 h 1 swainsoni Swainson's Flycatcher 1 1 ferox Short-crested Flycatcher 2 1 h 4 1 Ramphotrigon megacephalum Large-headed Flatbill 1 1 ruficauda Rufous-tailed Flatbill 1 1 Page 13 1 fuscicauda Dusky-tailed Flatbill 1 2 2 1 spadiceus Bright-rumped Attila h h 1 Pipreola intermedia Band-tailed Fruiteater 1 1 Masked Fruiteater 2 1 arcuata Barred Fruiteater 1 2 1 Zaratornis stresemanni WHITE-CHEEKED COTINGA 2 1 Ampelion rubrocristatus Red-crested Cotinga 1 1 1 1 Rupicola peruvianus Andean Cock-of-the-rock 1 2 6 2 h Querula purpurata Purple-throated Fruitcrow h h 1 Cephalopterus ornatus Amazonian Umbrellabird 2 1 cayana Spangled Cotinga 1 1 1 Lipaugus vociferans Screaming Piha 8 h 2 h 1 Gymnoderus foetidus Bare-necked Fruitcrow 2 1 10 10 2 1 Machaeropterus pyrocephalus Fiery-capped Manakin 1 1 1 Lepidothrix coronata Blue-crowned Manakin 1 h 1 boliviana Yungas Manakin 2 h 1 Pipra fasciicauda Band-tailed Manakin 1 3 2 1 chloromeros Round-tailed Manakin 1 1 Tityra inquisitor Black-crowned Tityra 1 1 cayana Black-tailed Tityra 1 1 h semifasciata Masked Tityra h h 1 Laniocera hypopyrra Cinereous Mourner 2 1 1 Pachyramphus versicolor Barred Becard 2 1 polychopterus White-winged Becard 2 2 1 Chestnut-crowned Becard 1 1 marginatus Black-capped Becard 1 1 1 minor Pink-throated Becard 1 1 Piprites chloris Wing-barred Piprites 2 1 Vireo leucophrys Brown-capped Vireo 4 1 olivaceus Red-eyed Vireo (Chivi vireo) 5 2 1 5 4 1 hypoxanthus Dusky-capped Greenlet 2 1 Cyanolyca viridicyanus White-collared Jay 5 1 Cyanocorax violaceus Violaceous Jay 2 4 4 1 cyanomelas Purplish Jay 6 5 1 2 3 1 Pygochelidon cyanoleuca Blue-and-white Swallow 5 25 25 25 25 8 10 8 3 15 1 Orochelidon murina Brown-bellied Swallow 4 1 Atticora fasciata White-banded Swallow 10 3 15 4 6 20 25 1 Stelgidopteryx ruficollis Southern Rough-winged Swallow 4 2 4 2 4 4 25 4 1 Progne tapera Brown-chested Martin 1 10 1 chalybea Grey-breasted Martin 4 1 Tachycineta albiventer White-winged Swallow 3 4 2 25 2 6 15 50 1 Microcerculus marginatus Scaly-breasted Wren h h 2 1 h 1 h Page 14 1 Troglodytes aedon House Wren 1 6 6 h 4 h h h h 1 2 h 1 1 solstitialis Mountain Wren 3 1 1 Campylorhynchus turdinus Thrush-like Wren 4 2 h h 1 eisenmanni INCA WREN 5 4 1 genibarbis Moustached Wren h h 1 h h Cantorchilus leucotis Buff-breasted Wren h 1 Cinnycerthia fulva Fulvous Wren 4 1 Henicorhina leucophrys Grey-breasted Wood-Wren h 5 h h 1 Cyphorhinus thoracicus Chestnut-breasted Wren 1 1 Donacobius atricapilla Black-capped Donacobius 1 8 2 1 Cinclus leucocephalus White-capped Dipper 1 2 1 Myadestes ralloides Andean Solitaire h 3 2 h Entomodestes leucotis White-eared Solitaire h 1 hauxwelli Hauxwell's Thrush 1 1 1 amaurochalinus Creamy-bellied Thrush 1 1 ignobilis Black-billed Thrush 1 3 2 1 2 1 nigriceps Slaty Thrush 2 1 1 1 fuscater Great Thrush 8 4 15 1 chiguanco Chiguanco Thrush 25 15 25 15 4 15 15 5 4 1 Mimus longicaudatus Long-tailed Mockingbird 6 3 15 1 Paroaria gularis Red-capped Cardinal 5 2 15 4 2 1 Cissopis leverianus Magpie 2 1 2 1 1 Nemosia pileata Hooded Tanager 1 1 Creurgops dentatus Slaty Tanager 2 2 1 Hemispingus atropileus Black-capped Hemispingus 3 h 1 superciliaris Superciliaried Hemispingus 15 1 frontalis Oleaginous Hemispingus 8 1 1 melanotis Black-eared Hemispingus 6 2 1 xanthophthalmus Drab Hemispingus 4 2 1 ruficeps Rust-and-yellow Tanager 1 4 5 1 rufiventer Yellow-crested Tanager 1 1 1 1 luctuosus White-shouldered Tanager 2 2 2 2 1 Lanio versicolor White-winged Shrike-Tanager 2 1 Ramphocelus nigrogularis Masked Crimson Tanager 15 1 carbo Silver-beaked Tanager 6 5 15 8 25 2 8 6 6 4 1 Thraupis episcopus Blue-grey Tanager 3 2 4 2 5 15 6 4 15 10 1 palmarum Palm Tanager 1 8 2 15 10 1 cyanocephala Blue-capped Tanager 6 6 1 bonariensis Blue-and-yellow Tanager 10 3 15 1 1 Buthraupis montana Hooded Mountain-Tanager 10 2 1 Anisognathus igniventris Scarlet-bellied Mountain-Tanager 5 3 15 1 Chlorornis riefferii Grass-green Tanager 4 Page 15 1 Delothraupis castaneoventris Chestnut-bellied Mountain-Tanager 2 1 Iridosornis analis Yellow-throated Tanager 2 5 1 1 jelskii Golden-collared Tanager 1 1 1 Pipraeidea melanonota Fawn-breasted Tanager 1 1 Chlorochrysa calliparaea Orange-eared Tanager 5 2 1 Tangara ruficervix Golden-naped Tanager 1 1 nigrocincta Masked Tanager 4 1 2 1 1 cyanicollis Blue-necked Tanager 3 4 3 1 xanthogastra Yellow-bellied Tanager 2 2 1 punctata Spotted Tanager 8 2 1 vassorii Blue-and-black Tanager 4 4 1 nigroviridis Beryl-spangled Tanager 4 6 4 1 mexicana Turquoise Tanager 5 1 chilensis Paradise Tanager 15 20 5 1 2 2 1 callophrys Opal-crowned Tanager 1 1 gyrola Bay-headed Tanager 2 1 1 chrysotis Golden-eared Tanager 4 1 xanthocephala Saffron-crowned Tanager 3 1 4 1 schrankii Green-and-gold Tanager 5 2 4 4 4 1 arthus Golden Tanager 5 2 1 Tersina viridis Swallow Tanager 1 2 1 Dacnis lineata Black-faced Dacnis 1 3 4 4 6 1 cayana Blue Dacnis 4 2 1 1 Cyanerpes caeruleus Purple Honeycreeper 5 3 1 4 1 Chlorophanes spiza Green Honeycreeper 1 1 2 1 4 1 flavicollis Yellow-backed Tanager 1 1 1 Conirostrum speciosum Chestnut-vented Conebill 2 1 cinereum Cinereous Conebill 15 1 1 4 10 1 sitticolor Blue-backed Conebill 8 1 albifrons Capped Conebill 4 1 ferrugineiventre White-browed Conebill 1 1 Diglossa mystacalis Moustached 1 1 1 brunneiventris Black-throated Flowerpiercer 1 3 3 8 5 1 sittoides Rusty Flowerpiercer 2 1 glauca Deep-blue Flowerpiercer 6 3 1 caerulescens Bluish Flowerpiercer 1 1 cyanea Masked Flowerpiercer 4 4 2 1 Coereba flaveola Bananaquit 1 3 1 Tiaris obscurus Dull-coloured Grassquit 15 1 maximus Buff-throated Saltator 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 aurantiirostris Golden-billed Saltator 1 3 5 1 Zonotrichia capensis Rufous-collared Sparrow 6 25 15 50 150 8 25 50 4 Page 16 1 Ammodramus aurifrons Yellow-browed Sparrow 1 1 2 2 4 6 1 punensis Peruvian Sierra-Finch 25 1 4 3 1 fruticeti Mourning Sierra-Finch 40 25 2 1 unicolor Plumbeous Sierra-Finch 2 6 1 plebejus Ash-breasted Sierra-Finch 7 2 8 1 alaudinus Band-tailed Sierra-Finch 6 1 Diuca speculifera White-winged Diuca-Finch 8 8 1 Incaspiza pulchra GREAT INCA-FINCH 2 1 Poospiza rubecula RUFOUS-BREASTED WARBLING-FINCH 1 1 caesar CHESTNUT-BREASTED MOUNTAIN-FINCH 2 1 uropygialis Bright-rumped Yellow-Finch 50 1 olivascens Greenish Yellow-Finch 80 15 1 flaveola Saffron Finch 3 1 Volatinia jacarina Blue-black Grassquit 6 6 4 2 1 luctuosa Black-and-white Seedeater 1 1 caerulescens Double-collared Seedeater 3 1 Drab Seedeater 2 1 Oryzoborus angolensis Chestnut-bellied Seed-Finch 3 2 1 Catamenia analis Band-tailed Seedeater 15 15 15 1 torquatus Stripe-headed Brush-Finch 1 1 nationi RUSTY-BELLIED BRUSH-FINCH 8 1 canigenis CUZCO BRUSH-FINCH 7 1 melanolaemus Black-faced Brush-Finch 2 3 3 1 Chlorospingus ophthalmicus Common Bush-Tanager 8 1 parvirostris Short-billed Bush-Tanager 5 5 1 flavigularis Yellow-throated Bush-Tanager 1 5 1 Piranga flava Hepatic Tanager 2 1 leucoptera White-winged Tanager 2 1 Habia rubica Red-crowned Ant-Tanager 2 1 Chlorothraupis carmioli Carmiol's Tanager 4 1 Pheucticus chrysogaster Golden-bellied Grosbeak 15 15 1 Yellow-shouldered Grosbeak 1 1 aureoventris Black-backed Grosbeak 1 1 Parula pitiayumi Tropical Parula 6 1 Myioborus miniatus Slate-throated Redstart 15 4 6 5 1 melanocephalus Spectacled Redstart 2 8 4 4 1 Basileuterus bivittatus Two-banded Warbler 2 1 chrysogaster Golden-bellied Warbler 2 1 luteoviridis Citrine Warbler 4 1 1 coronatus Russet-crowned Warbler 1 1 tristriatus Three-striped Warbler 4 1 Phaeothlypis fulvicauda Buff-rumped Warbler 3 Page 17 1 Psarocolius angustifrons Russet-backed Oropendola 25 15 150 100 150 50 50 50 50 50 1 atrovirens Dusky-green Oropendola 1 4 2 1 decumanus Crested Oropendola 1 15 3 3 1 2 2 1 bifasciatus Olive Oropendola 6 4 4 4 15 3 1 Clypicterus oseryi Casqued Oropendola 2 h Cacicus chrysonotus Mountain Cacique h 1 cela Yellow-rumped Cacique 6 8 4 2 5 4 15 25 1 cayanensis Epaulet Oriole 2 1 1 1 Dives warszewiczi Scrub Blackbird 1 15 15 90 1 Agelasticus xanthophthalmus Pale-eyed Blackbird 3 1 thilius Yellow-winged Blackbird 15 1 Molothrus oryzivorus Giant Cowbird 5 30 4 15 15 2 1 bonariensis Shiny Cowbird 6 1 Sturnella militaris Red-breasted Blackbird 6 4 1 bellicosa Peruvian Meadowlark 3 1 Carduelis crassirostris Thick-billed Siskin 8 1 magellanica Hooded Siskin 15 8 2 15 2 1 atrata Black Siskin 25 1 laniirostris Thick-billed Euphonia 2 1 xanthogaster Orange-bellied Euphonia 3 6 2 1 rufiventris Rufous-bellied Euphonia 2 1 Passer domesticus House Sparrow 2 649 48 53 57 78 44 60 60 53 65 69 113 110 84 104 106 133 106 90 74 32 0 1 0 1 2 3 6 3 5 3 19 10 12 15 14 17 15 9 4 681 48 54 57 79 46 63 66 56 70 72 132 120 96 119 120 150 121 99 78

ZOOGDIEREN

1 Zeeleeuw 5000

1 Dusky Dolphin 25

1 Viscacha 4 1 1

1 Brown Capuchin Monkey 8 8 6 2

1 Agouti 1

1 Tayra 1 1

1 Common Woolley Monkey 4

1 Common Squirrel Monkey 5 15 2 4 15 4 Page1 18Red Howler Monkey 4 4 1 6 h

1 Dusky Titi Monkey 1 h

1 Saddle-backed Tamarin 8 15 3 4

1 Emperor Tamarin 5

1 Spider Monkey 2

1 Sandorns Squirrel 1 1

1 Bolivian Squirrel 1

1 Capybara 1

1 Vliegende Vis 1

1 Whip Snake 1

1 Rode Krab 8

1 Anaconda 1 dood

1 Waterschildpad 2 8

1 White Cayman 1 1 Yellow-billed Teal Anas flavirostris

2 Yellow-billed Pintail A. georgica

3 Ruddy Duck Oxyura jamaicensis

4 Blue-throated Piping-Guan Pipile cumanensis

5 Striated Heron Butorides striata

6 Black-faced Ibis melanopis

7 Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura

8 White-tailed Kite Elanus leucurus 9 Semicollared Hawk Accipiter collaris

10 Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus 11 White Hawk Leucopternis albicollis

12 Grey Hawk Buteo nitidus

13 Variable Hawk Buteo polyosoma

14 Common Gallinule Gallinula chloropus

15 Black-necked Stilt Himantopus mexicanus

16 Plumbeous Pigeon Patagoienas plumbea

17 Ruddy Pigeon Patagoienas subvinacea

18 White-tipped Dove Leptotial verreauxi

19 Sapphire Quail-Dove Geotrygon saphirina

20 Scarlet-fronted/Mitred Parakeets Aratinga wagleri/mitrata

21 Rose-fronted Parakeet Pyrrhura roseifrons

22 Amazonian Parrotlet Nannopsittaca dachilleae 23 Speckle-faced Parrot Pionus tumultuosus

24 Yellow-crowned Parrot Amazona ochrocephala

25 Rufous-vented Ground-Cuckoo Neomorphus geoffroyi 26 Koepcke's Screech-Owl Megascops koepckeae 27 Rufescent Screech-Owl Megascops ingens

28 Tawny-bellied Screech-Owl Megascops watsonii

29 Spectacled Owl Pulsatrix perspicillata 30 Band-bellied Owl Pulsatrix melanota 31 Black-banded Owl Ciccaba huhula

32 Yungas Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium bolivianum 33 Amazonian Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium hardyi

34 Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium brasilianum

35 Peruvian Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium peruanum 36 Long-tailed Potoo Nyctibius aethereus 37 Common Potoo Nyctibius griseus 38 Andean Potoo Nyctibius maculosus

39 Short-tailed Nighthawk Lurocalis semitorquatus

40 Rufous-bellied Nighthawk Lurocalis rufiventris 41 Band-winged Nightjar Caprimulgus longirostris

42 Amazonian Swift Chaetura viridipennis 43 Short-tailed Swift Chaetura brachyura

44 Pale-tailed Barbthroat Threnetes leucurus 45 Koepcke's Hermit Phaethornis koepckeae 46 Great-billed Hermit Phaethornis malaris 47 Wedge-billed Hummingbird Schistes geoffroyi

48 Amethyst-throated Sunangel Heliangelus amethysticollis

49 Long-tailed Sylph Aglaiocercus kingi 50 Andean Hillstar Oreotrichilus estella

51 Green-tailed Trainbearer Lesbia nuna

52 Buff-thighed Puffleg Haplophaedia assimilis 53 Sapphire-vented Puffleg Eriocnemis luciani

54 Collared Inca Coeligena torquata 55 Booted Racket-tail Ocreatus underwoodii 56 Blue-tailed Emerald Chlorostilbon mellisugus

57 Black-tailed Trogon Trogon melanurus 58 Green-backed Trogon Trogon viridis 59 Violaceous Trogon Trogon violaceus

60 Collared Trogon Trogon collaris

61 Masked Trogon Trogon personatus

62 Blue-crowned Motmot Momotus momota

63 White-necked Puffbird Notharchus hyperrhynchus

64 Gilded Barbet Capito auratus

65 White-throated Toucan Ramphastos tucanus

66 Channel-billed Toucan Ramphastos vitellinus

67 Emerald Toucanet Aulacorhynchus prasinus

68 Ivory-billed Aracari Pteroglossus azara

69 Ocellated Piculet Picumnus dorbignyanus 70 Red-stained Woodpecker Veniliornis affinis 71 White-throated Woodpecker Piculus leucolaemus 72 Scale-breasted Woodpecker Celeus grammicus 73 Rufous-headed Woodpecker Celeus spectabilis

74 Crimson-bellied Woodpecker Campephilus haematogaster 75 Plain-breasted Earthcreeper Upucerthia jelskii 76 Royal Cinclodes Cinclodes aricomae

77 Bar-winged Cinclodes Cinclodes fuscus

78 Pale-legged Hornero Furnarius leucopus

79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 Formerly "Speckled Teal" A. flavirostris . Split by SACC in 2009 into Andean Teal A. andium (Venezuela to Northern Peru) and Yellow-billed Teal A. flavirostris (Northern Peru to Southern South America). The nominate subspecies is endemic to South Georgia Island, and may be a seperate from mainland forms. If split, the mainland forms would be called A. spinicauda . Andean forms often split as "Andean Duck" O. ferruginea , but most recent studies suggest they should be considered subspecies of O. jamaicensis . There is weak evidence for splitting the Pipile into four species, as is the current SACC treatment. If lumped, the expanded species is called "Common Piping-Guan" (why not just "Piping Guan?") P. pipile . Often lumped with Green Heron B. virescens , but recent studies suggest they should be considered seperate species. It is also possible that Neotropical forms should be split from Old World forms, but no data published.

Subspecies branickii (found in Cusco area) often considered a seperate species "Andean Ibis." Alternatively, T. melanopis is sometimes merged into Buff-necked Ibis T. caudatus . Resident and austral South American forms (ruficollis group?) should possibly be split from Northern aura group.

Has been lumped with Old World Black-shouldered Kite E. caeruleus . Considered range restricted by BirdLife International, but probably more widespread than currently known.

Can be split various ways; Andean forms commonly known as "Plain-breasted Hawk" A. ventralis . Genetic data indicate that this species should include Grey-backed Hawk L. occidentalis of the Tumbesian region, but no one likes to publish lumps, do they? South American forms (North to Costa Rica) are sometimes called "Grey-lined Hawk" B. nitidus ; the Northern populations are then called "Grey Hawk" B. plagiatus ). Formerly split into "Puna" and "Red-backed" Hawks, but there is apparently no way of distinguishing the two.

All major classifications except for the SACC call this species "Common Moorhen." New World populations may soon be split as G. galeata (English name to be determined; possible "Common Gallinule" or "Laughing Moorhen").

Sometimes merged with Old World H. himantopus (sometimes then called "Common Stilt"). Alternatively, sometimes split into "Black-necked Stilt" H. mexicanus (Northern populations) and "White-backed Stilt" H. melanurus. (Southern populations). Both mexicanus and melanurus , and hybirds, can be seen in Southern Peru.

This species is a candidate for a multi-way split, mostly based on vocal differences, but no definitive study has been published. Subspecies in Manu is apparently pallescens . A split is possible involving the Choco subspecies. It is unclear to me what the subspecies in Manu is (possibly ogilviegranti or purpureotincta - which may themselves be synonyms, with the later having priority), but they presumably would belong in the nominate subvinaecea group. Might include more than one species, splitting based mostly on colour of orbital skin, but nothing published. Subspecies in our area is decipiens , with blue orbital skin. A split is possible involving the Choco subspecies. The in Manu belong to the nominate saphirina group (either saphirina or rothschildi ). The (and identification) of these two "species" is in a state of chaos. They may be conspecific; there may be three or even four species involved (taxa hockingi and alticola possibly meriting species status). Due to the difficulty of distinguishing individual variation from definitive field marks, it's hard to say which taxa we might be seeing in the Cusco area in most cases. Formerly part of a very broadly defined Painted Parakeet P. picta . Taxonomy is still not fully resolved; the SACC considers P. roseifrons to include P. r. peruviana as a subspecies, but it may eventually be split as well. The nominate P. roseifrons occurs in Manu. Described 1991. This species is sometimes split into "White-capped Parrot" P. seniloides (Northern Peru northwards) and "Plum-faced Parrot" P. tumultuosus (Central Peru southwards, including the Cusco area). Species limits in need of revision, especially regarding Central American taxa. The subspecies in Manu is nattereri .

This species should possibly include Scaled Ground-Cuckoo N. squamiger of Central Amazonian Brazil. Sometimes not considered endemic to Peru (dubious records from Bolivia?). Colombian Screech-Owl M. columbianus formerly included in this species, but split by most recent authors.

The subspecies in Manu (usta ) has a slower song than some more northerly populations, but a satisfactory study has yet to be published; some authors have split it anyway. Subspecies pulsatrix of SE Brazil sometimes split; birds in Manu are of nominate perspicillata subspecies. Should possibly be lumped with Tawny-browed Owl P. koeniswaldiana of SE South America. Possibly conspecific with Black-and-white Owl C. nigrolineata , found North and West of - who's going to study all these possible lumps!? Recently split from Andean Pygmy-Owl G. jardinii . Described 1989 - presumably formerly confused with other Glaucidium species, as it is not rare or range-restricted.

The subject of much recent and potential splitting; the birds in Manu (ucayalae ?) are of the nominate brasilianum subspecies group. Described 1991 - formerly not distinguished from Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl. Nominate aethereus may be a seperate species from other subspecies. Birds in Manu are longicaudatus . Recently split from Northern Potoo N. jamaicensis . Considered range restricted by BirdLife International, but probably more widespread than currently known.

Southern subspecies nattereri (austral migrant to SE Peru) sometimes split from nominate semitorquatus (resident in SE Peru). Identifying the two would be nearly impossible! Recently split from Short-tailed Nighthawk. Various splits possible (eg coastal birds of W Peru, Northern Andean populations). Birds in Cusco area are of subspecies atripunctatus . Recently split from Chapman's Swift C. chapmani . Birds from Tumbesian region sometimes split as "Tumbes Swift" C. ocypetes ; birds in Manu (cinereocauda ) part of nominate group. Perhaps should be merged into Sooty Barbthroat T. niger . Described 1977. Recently split from Long-tailed Hermit P. superciliosus . Subspecies in SE Peru is bolivianus . Subspecies from Choco Andes (albogularis ) may be split; birds in SE Peru are probably nominate, and certainly part of the geoffroyi group in case of a split. Various split options, all involving Colombian & Venezuelan subspecies. Subspecies in SE Peru is probably nominate amethysticollis (possibly decolor ). Formerly considered conspecific with Venezuelan Sylph A. berlepschi . Usually includes "Green-headed Hillstar" O. e. stolzmanni of (mostly) Northern Peru; nominate estella occurs in the Cusco area. Forms from Northern Peru northward (gouldii group of subspecies, including some recently described and some dubiously distinguishable) sometimes split; more study needed. Subspecies nuna occurs in the Cusco area.

Recently (re-)split from Greenish Puffleg H. aureliae of Northern Peru northwards. The two subspecies found south of Marañon Valley (catharina and sapphiropygia - the latter found in SE Peru) are sometimes split as Peruvian endemic "Coppery-naped Puffleg" E. sapphiropygia . Subspecies inca , found in the Cusco area is often split as "Gould's Inca" C. inca . Some splitting possible, but nothing widely recognised; subspecies in Manu is annae . Several recent splits involving taxa from Northern South America; subspecies in Manu is the nominate mellisugus .

Now considered a seperate species from Ecuadorian Trogon T. mesurus of Tumbesian region. Now considered a seperate species from White-tailed Trogon T. chionurus , found West of the Andes. Now considered a seperate species from Gartered Trogon T. caligatus found in Northwestern South America and Central America. The same study that resulted in the splitting of the above trogons showed that this species should be similarly split, but this has not been done yet. The nominate collaris is found in SE Peru. Two subspecies are probably found in Manu, with temperatus at higher elevations and personatus occuring lower. They differ mainly in the speed of their songs, and could be split (if it is shown that they do not intergrade).

This species is apparently in desperate need of a multi-way split. Should this split be made by the SACC (proposal is pending), the Manu birds would become "Andean Motmot" M. aequatorialis (formerly also called "Highland Motmot") and "Amazonian Motmot" M. momota . Atlantic Forest forms (Buff-bellied Puffbird N. swainsoni ) and NE South American forms (Guianan Puffbird N. macrorhynchos ) have recently been split. Birds in Manu (paraensis ) are part of the widespread White-necked Puffbird N. hyperrhynchus . Formerly lumped with Black-spotted and Brown-breasted Barbets (C. niger and C. brunneipectus ), but widely split recently. Subspecies in Manu is insperatus . Subspecies in SE Peru (cuvieri ) formerly split as "Cuvier's Toucan," but apparently has a broad hybrid zone with R. tucanus . A three-way split was formerly commonly recognised, including subspecies in SE Peru (culminatus ) as "Yellow-ridged Toucan," but it apparently has a broad hybrid zone with R. vitellinus . Various splits are possible. Commonly the subspecies in SE Peru (atrogularis ) is called "Black-throated Toucanet."

The subspecies in Manu (mariae ) has previously been split as "Brown-mandibled Aracari," but there are hybrid zones where it meets nominate azara . Relationships within this species, and between it and some others, are yet to be well studied. The subspecies in the Cusco area is jelskii ; it may deserve to be split. Alternatively P. dorbignyanus might be conspecific with White-wedged, Ochre-collared, and/or White-barred Piculets (P. albosquamatus , P. temminckii , P. cirratus ). What a mess! Choco Woodpecker V. chocoensis was recently split from this species. Lita Woodpecker V. litae was recently split from this species. Subspecies from SE Brazil (erythropis ) should possibly be split from this species. Traditionally considered conspecific with Kaempter's Woodpecker C. obrieni of Central Brazil, but recently split.

Species splendens of the Choco region sometimes split as "Splendid Woodpecker C. splendens ." Should possibly be lumped with Buff-breasted Earthcreeper U. validirostris . Split from Stout-billed Cinclodes C. excelsior (Ecuador and Colombia) on little evidence; may be lumped in the future.

Probably about to be split into three species. Birds in the Cusco area will become C. albiventris (possibly "Cream-winged Cinclodes"); subspecies here is probably rivularis . Forms in the Caribbean and Tumbesian regions (longirostris & cinnamomeus ) are sometimes split. Subspecies tricolor , found in SE Peru, is part of the leucopus group.