Turismo De Observación De Aves En El Santuario Nacional Pampa Hermosa Como Modelo De Desarrollo Sostenible En Los Distritos De San Ramon Y Huasahuasi”

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Turismo De Observación De Aves En El Santuario Nacional Pampa Hermosa Como Modelo De Desarrollo Sostenible En Los Distritos De San Ramon Y Huasahuasi” UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ADMINISTRATIVAS E. A. P. DE ADMINISRACIÓN DE TURISMO “TURISMO DE OBSERVACIÓN DE AVES EN EL SANTUARIO NACIONAL PAMPA HERMOSA COMO MODELO DE DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE EN LOS DISTRITOS DE SAN RAMON Y HUASAHUASI” TESIS Para optar el título profesional de Licenciada en Administración de Turismo AUTOR Mariella Ines Motta Sevelora ASESOR Cecilia Castillo Yui Lima – Perú 2015 Dedicatoria A Vilma Sevelora, mi madre Al Apu Pampa Hermosa, nuestro eterno hogar A la UNMSM, mi alma mater 2 AGRADECIMIENTOS Agradezco infinitamente a mis padres por darme su confianza, apoyo moral y económico en toda mi carrera, gracias a ustedes puedo cumplir uno de mis sueños, ¡Los amo! A mi abuelita Aurelia mi segunda mama por su amor y compañía, a mi abuelito Carlos por nunca perder la fe en este proyecto y darme sus sabios consejos, a mi tío José y mi hermana por su confianza. Agradezco también a mi querida Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos por darme la oportunidad de ser parte de esta travesía de constante aprendizaje que me hace amar y valorar mi hermosa tierra. A mis amigos en especial a María de los Ángeles por sus consejos, apoyo logístico por compartir conmigo sus opiniones y sueños en nuestras largas charlas acerca de Pampa Hermosa, sobre todo por su enorme confianza en este trabajo, a la Sra. Luz Gonzales por darme un espacio en su hogar, por su preocupación y hacerme sentir parte de su familia. Agradecer también a los amigos de Nueva Italia y Ninabamba por su hospitalidad, sencillez, sus risas y su infatigable fortaleza que hacían de mis visitas realmente enriquecedoras y fueron mi ejemplo e inspiración, especialmente al Sr. Urbano Aguilar y esposa por su bondad, sus conocimientos, humildad y los ricos alimentos que me proporcionaban después de una cansada caminata. 3 Al Sr. Elmer Mapelli Signori, por sus importantes aportes, su curiosidad, su gran entusiasmo, sus consejos, su valor tenaz y su manera de ver la vida con mucho optimismo, al Sr. Victor Chauca por darme un lugar en su hogar, al Sr. Jesús Sanabria y esposa por su gran amistad y hospitalidad. A la Ing. Ana Melva Zambrano Jefa del Santuario Nacional Pampa Hermosa por facilitarme información, por sus recomendaciones e interés en este trabajo, además, a todo el equipo de SERNANP en especial los guardaparques que siempre mostraron cordialidad y estuvieron prestos a brindar cualquier tipo de ayuda. A mi asesora Cecilia Castillo Yui por su tiempo, paciencia y enseñarme a adquirir disciplina. Agradecer también a todos aquellos que tuvieron confianza en este proyecto y que con sus ánimos y curiosidad lograron que nunca perdiera la fe en mi misma, aquellos que con un plato de sopa o una taza de café me animaban a seguir adelante y me enseñaban sin pensarlo el verdadero concepto de dar, a los que influyeron de cierta forma con su ejemplo, dedicación a la investigación y amor por la madre tierra, a todos aquellos eternos investigadores que no se cansan de caminar y a pesar de las adversidades continúan esta difícil senda que se llama aprendizaje, todos ellos hicieron posible este trabajo. 4 INDICE Resumen ........................................................................................................................... 10 Abstract ............................................................................................................................. 11 Introducción ....................................................................................................................... 12 CAPÍTULO I: Planteamiento del problema 1.1. Descripción de la realidad problemática ....................................................................... 14 1.2. Formulación del problema ........................................................................................... 21 Pregunta de la investigación ............................................................................................... 22 1.3. Objetivos de la investigación ....................................................................................... 23 Objetivo general ................................................................................................................. 23 Objetivos específicos ......................................................................................................... 23 1.4. Justificación de la investigación ................................................................................... 24 1.5. Límites de la investigación ........................................................................................... 27 CAPÍTULO II: Marco teórico Introducción ....................................................................................................................... 29 2.1. Antecedentes ............................................................................................................. 29 a. Primer plan maestro del Santuario Nacional Pampa Hermosa ........................................ 29 b. Tesis de grado de María de los Angeles Arellano Gonzales 2010 “Turismo científico como alternativa de desarrollo local y conservación en la potencial zona de influencia en el Santuario Nacional Pampa Hermosa” para laUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. 31 c. Fortalecimiento de capacidades para la gestión del Santuario Nacional Pampa Hermosa: Construyendo las bases para un manejo adaptativo para el desarrollo local (2012) ............ 32 2.2. Bases teóricas ............................................................................................................. 33 5 Definiciones conceptuales .................................................................................................. 34 2.2.1. Turismo ................................................................................................................... 34 El sistema turístico ............................................................................................................. 39 2.2.2. Tipos y modalidades del turismo contemporáneo ...................................................... 40 2.2.3 Impactos del turismo ................................................................................................. 41 2.2.4. Del turismo convencional al turismo sostenible ......................................................... 44 2.3. Ecoturismo .................................................................................................................. 55 Actividades más reconocidas del ecoturismo ...................................................................... 59 2.3.1. Ecoturismo y observación de aves en Áreas Naturales Protegidas ........................... 61 2.4. Observación de aves ................................................................................................... 70 2.4.1. Información cualitativa de la demanda ...................................................................... 72 2.4.2. Perfil del observador de aves .................................................................................... 75 2.5. Observacion de aves en Perú ...................................................................................... 79 Breve historia del aviturismo en el Perú .............................................................................. 79 La observación de aves en la actualidad ............................................................................ 81 CAPITULO III: Formulación de la hipótesis 3.1. Formulación de la hipótesis ......................................................................................... 85 3.2. Variables ..................................................................................................................... 86 3.2.1. Variable 1: Identificación de los recursos naturales ................................................... 86 3.2.2. Variable 2: Planta turística ........................................................................................ 86 3.2.3. Variable 3: Infraestructura y accesibilidad ................................................................. 86 CAPITULO IV: Metodología 4.1. Tipo de investigación ................................................................................................... 87 4.2. Nivel de la investigación .............................................................................................. 87 4.2.1. Unidades de investigación ........................................................................................ 88 4.2.2. Ámbito de la investigación ........................................................................................ 88 4.2.3. Población y muestra ................................................................................................. 89 4.3. Técnicas de investigación ............................................................................................ 89 6 4.3.1. Técnica documental o bibliográfica ........................................................................... 89 4.3.2. Investigación de campo ............................................................................................ 90 4.4. Instrumentos de recolección de datos .......................................................................... 92 4.5. Construcción de la metodología para la evaluación del potencial ecoturístico .............. 93 4.5.1. Análisis de la oferta .................................................................................................. 93 Propuestas de rutas de observación de aves en el área de estudio .................................... 95 4.5.2.
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