Research Handbook Third Edition
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Research Handbook Third Edition Baldwin High School 4653 Clairton Boulevard PIttsburgh, PA 15236 1st Edition 2nd Edition, 2013 3rd Edition, 2018 Brigetta Hannah Brigetta Hannah Krystal Schulte Christine Kondrot Lisa Klein Patti Tranquili Krystal Schulte Shannon Varley Dee Gottschalk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Page(s) Topic 2-3 Locating sources 4-5 Evaluating sources 6-25 Creating a working bibliography 26-27 Taking notes 28-29 Avoiding plagiarism 30 Formulating a preliminary thesis statement 31 Formulating a preliminary outline 32-33 Creating a final outline 34-39 Using in-text citations 40-44 Composing a draft Based on information from: Hacker, Diana, and Nancy Sommers. A Writer’s Reference. 9th ed., Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2018. 1 Locating Sources Explanation: Once you have chosen or been assigned a research topic, the first step is to find sources that will help you gather information related to your topic. Print Books: In the library print books are organized by the Dewey decimal system where the call numbers on the spines of the books indicate their subject. 000: Computer science, information, and 100: Philosophy and psychology 200: Religion general works 100 Philosophy 200 Religion 000 Computer science, knowledge & 110 Metaphysics 210 Philosophy & theory of religion systems 120 Epistemology 220 The Bible 010 Bibliographies 130 Parapsychology & occultism 230 Christianity & Christian theology 020 Library & information sciences 140 Philosophical schools of thought 240 Christian practice & observance 030 Encyclopedias & books of facts 150 Psychology 250 Christian pastoral practice & religious 040 [Unassigned] 160 Logic orders 050 Magazines, journals & serials 170 Ethics 260 Christian organization, social work & 060 Associations, organizations & museums 180 Ancient, medieval & eastern worship 070 News media, journalism & publishing philosophy 270 History of Christianity 080 Quotations 190 Modern western philosophy 280 Christian denominations 090 Manuscripts & rare books 290 Other religions 300: Social science 400: Language 500: Scicence 300 Social sciences, sociology & 400 Language 500 Science anthropology 410 Linguistics 510 Mathematics 310 Statistics 420 English & Old English languages 520 Astronomy 320 Political science 430 German & related languages 530 Physics 330 Economics 440 French & related languages 540 Chemistry 340 Law 450 Italian, Romanian & related languages 550 Earth sciences & geology 350 Public administration & military science 460 Spanish & Portuguese languages 560 Fossils & prehistoric life 360 Social problems & social services 470 Latin & Italic languages 570 Life sciences; biology 370 Education 480 Classical & modern Greek languages 580 Plants (Botany) 380 Commerce, communications & 490 Other languages 590 Animals (Zoology) transportation 390 Customs, etiquette & folklore 600: Technology 700: Arts and recreation 800: Literature 600 Technology 700 Arts 800 Literature, rhetoric & criticism 610 Medicine & health 710 Landscaping & area planning 810 American literature in English 620 Engineering 720 Architecture 820 English & Old English literatures 630 Agriculture 730 Sculpture, ceramics & metalwork 830 German & related literatures 640 Home & family management 740 Drawing & decorative arts 840 French & related literatures 650 Management & public relations 750 Painting 850 Italian, Romanian & related literatures 660 Chemical engineering 760 Graphic arts 860 Spanish & Portuguese literatures 670 Manufacturing 770 Photography & computer art 870 Latin & Italic literatures 680 Manufacture for specific uses 780 Music 880 Classical & modern Greek literatures 690 Building & construction 790 Sports, games & entertainment 890 Other literatures 900: History Locating books on BHS Library’s online card catalog: 900 History 1. Go to https://www.bwschools.net/baldwin-high 910 Geography & travel 920 Biography & genealogy -school/academics/library 930 History of ancient world (to ca. 499) 2. Click the “BHS Online Card Catalog” link 940 History of Europe 3. Click on the “Baldwin High School” link 950 History of Asia 960 History of Africa 4. Click on the “Catalog” link 970 History of North America 5. Choose search type and enter search word(s) in “Find” section 980 History of South America 6. Use the call numbers of the books to locate them in the library. 990 History of other areas 2 Online Databases: Baldwin High School’s library offers access to numerous online databases, which are print materials gathered in an online collection. Databases are generally organized by the type of subject(s) their materials address, which is typically indicated by the database title. Databases offered by Baldwin High School’s library: (in the order they are listed online) Academic OneFile (biology, criminal justice, Agricultural Collection Business Collection environmental science, marketing, psychology, chemistry, economics, history, and political science) Business Economics and Theory Communications and Mass Media Criminal Justice Collection Collection Culinary Arts Collection Diversity Studies Collection Educator’s Reference Complete (field of education) Environmental Studies and Policy Collection Fine Arts and Music Collection Gale Virtual Reference Library (arts and humanities, environment, math, history, law, literature, multicultural studies, U.S. state details, science, social science, technology) Gardening, Landscaping, and Horticulture Gender Studies Collection General OneFile (careers, technology, health, Collection education, history, current events, finance, self-help) General Science Collection Artemis (literature) Home Improvement Collection Hospitality, Tourism, and Leisure Collection Information Science and Library Informe Academico Issues Collection Info Trac Newsstand (access to newspapers) Insurance and Liability Collection Military and Intelligence Database Nursing and Allied Health Collection Physical Therapy and Sports Pop Culture Collection Medicine Collection Popular Magazines Professional Collection (professional Psychology Collection development for educators) Religion and Philosophy Collection Small Business Collection Student Edition (current events, the arts, science, popular culture, health, people, government, history, sports) U.S. History Collection Vocations and Careers Collection War and Terrorism Collection World History Collection World History In Context Gale Literary Sources (literature) Books & Authors Business Insights: Essentials GREENR (Global Reference on the Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources) Health & Wellness Resource Center Kids InfoBits (geared toward Literature Criticism Online younger students) Literature Resource Center LitFinder (literature) Research In Context (for middle-schoolers) Locating the online databases and sources on the databases: 1. Go to https://www.bwschools.net/baldwin-high -school/academics/library 2. Click on the “Electronic Resources” link 3. Click on the “eBooks and Databases” link - If not at BHS: Type in the password → bhslibrary 4. Click on the name of the database you want to search 5. Type in the word(s) related to your research topic in the search bar 3 Evaluating Sources Explanation: When researching, you can often locate far more potential sources for your topic than you will have time to read. Your challenge will be to determine what kinds of sources you need and then select a reasonable number of trustworthy sources. This kind of decision-making is referred to as evaluating sources. Finding useful sources: Does the A book: source ● Glance through the table of contents to look for key words related to your topic relate to ● Scan the preface in search of a statement of the author’s purposes my topic? ● Use the index to look up a few words related to your topic ● If a chapter looks useful, read its opening and closing paragraphs and skim any headings A print or online article: ● Read the title, any headings, and opening paragraphs looking for ideas related to your topic ● Look for an abstract, synopsis, or statement of purpose at the beginning; also look for a summary at the end ● Look for any visuals - charts, graphs, diagrams, or illustrations - that might indicate the article’s focus and content Is a source A scholarly source will tend to have/show the following: scholarly? ● Formal language and presentation ● Authors who are academics or scientists ● Footnotes or a bibliography documenting the works cited by the author in the source ● Original research and interpretation, rather than a summary of other people’s work ● Quotations from and analysis of primary sources (in humanities disciplines such as history, literature, and philosophy) ● A description of the research methods or a review of related research (in the sciences and social sciences) A note about Wikipedia: Many instructors do not consider wikis, such as Wikipedia, to be appropriate sources for college research. The information found on wikis is often general, and the authors are enthusiasts but not experts. Most wiki entries include reference section, however, that can point you to valuable, credible sources. 4 Finding credible sources: All ● Is the author or sponsor of the source associated with any special interest group (such as source PETA or the NRA) that might favor or emphasize one side of an issue? types ● How does the author support his/her claim - with relevant and sufficient evidence (credible) or with just a few emotional examples or personal stories (not