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Atypical Sexuality

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Atypical Sexuality Module 14 - Psychopathology “Psychodiagnosis & The Paraphilias” Part 1 Dr. J. Davis Mannino Professor of Psychology & Psychologist Department of Behavioral Sciences Santa Rosa Junior College Academic Year 2014 - 2015 Copyright, Dr. J. Davis Mannino, 2014 Human Sexuality Module 12: Psychopathology “The Sexual Paraphilias!” Parts 2 Dr. J. Davis Mannino Professor of Psychology & Psychologist Department of Behavioral Sciences Santa Rosa Junior College Academic Year 2015 - 2016 Dr. J. Davis Mannino, Copyrighted 2015 Psychopathology and Psycho-diagnosis Classification of Mental Disorders v With special emphasis on the sexual paraphilias v (To the aside of love) Psychopathology I see bizarre kinky sex in your future! The DSM-V The Sexual Paraphilias Psychodiagnosis Classification of Disorders v Anxiety Disorders v Somatoform Disorders v Dissociate Disorders v Mood Disorders v Schizophrenic Disorders v Paraphilias Consider this: “Can the environment bring on mental health conditions? Environmental issues.. SAD. Seasonal Affective Disorder …worst form of a common environmental-based mental condition called “Seasonality” Anxiety Disorders v Generalized Anxiety - excessive anxiety and worry about numerous events or activities, often called “free-floating anxiety v Phobic Disorder - from Greek word for “fear” - persistent and unreasonable fear of a particular object, activity, or situation---such as the dentist! v Panic Disorder - escalating anxiety attacks that occur when confronted with dreaded events, objects, situations Anxiety Disorders (2) v Agoraphobia Disorder - phobic disorder in public places, may include panic: dizziness, palpitations, diarrhea, or nausea. v Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) - persistent obsessive thoughts, ideas, impulses, or images that seem to invade a person’s consciousness. Compulsions are repetitive and rigid behaviors or mental acts that a person feels compelled to perform to reduce anxiety or distress. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Somatoform Disorders All in your Head! v Somatization Disorder Ø Vague Physical Complaints v Conversion Disorder Ø Specific Physical Complaint v Hypochondriasis Ø Preoccupation & Health Worry Ø The Case of the Hospital Shopper Dissociative Disorders v Dissociative Amnesia v Dissociative Fugue v Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple-Personality Disorder) (video) How many of you are familiar with the book and or movie: “The Many Faces of Eve?” The Many Faces of Eve Mood Disorders v Depressive Disorder - low sad state in which life seems bleak and its challenges seem overwhelming. v Manic-Depressive Disorder or Bipolar Disorder - periods of mania that alternate with periods of depression. Schizophrenic Disorders v Paranoid Type v Catatonic Type v Disorganized Type v Undifferentiated Type Onset: Ages 16 - 25 - Rare after age 40 Psychodiagnosis Classification of Disorders v Anxiety Disorders v Somatoform Disorders v Dissociate Disorders v Mood Disorders v Schizophrenic Disorders v Paraphilias The Paraphilias - The Kink Factor Fetishism Nonliving Objects TransvesticNon Human Fetishism Objects Cross-Dressing Zoophilia Bestiality - Sex with Animals Exhibitionism Exposing Oneself to Strangers VoyeurismNonconsenting PersonsUnsuspecting Strangers Frotteurism Touching or Rubbing Pedophilia Prepubescent Children Telephone Scatalogia Obscene Phone Calls Necrophilia Viewing or Contact with Dead Sadism Inflicting Pain and Suffering Masochism Receiving Pain and Suffering Paraphilias & Atypical Sexuality v Questions to Ponder v Normal vs. Abnormal v Paraphilias Ø Fetishism Ø Transvestism Ø Exhibitionism Lecture Outline Ø Telephone Scatologia Ø Voyeurism Ø Sexual Masochism Ø Frotteurism Ø Pedophilia Ø Other Paraphilias Atypical Sexuality:Questions to Ponder v Consider what’s normal & abnormal in terms of sexual behavior? v What is atypical sexual behavior? Is this abnormal? v What are paraphilias? v Is there such a thing as sexual addiction? v What is the difference between cross-dressing & transvestitism? v Is there a difference between sadism & masochism & domination & submission? v What is Nymphomania and Satyriasis? v What is the bondage & leather scene all about? v What is voyeurism & exhibitionism? v What is Telephone Scatalogia? v What are the dynamics of pedophilia? Important Gender Terms v Sex - difference between men and women based on biological characteristics such as genitalia. v Gender - the psychological experience of being either a female or a male. v Gender Identity - one’s view of oneself as either a woman or a man. v Gender Role - the extent to which one’s behavior is representative of a cultural definition of masculinity or femininity. v Sexual Orientation - the preference for sexual partners of the same or the other sex. Paraphilias v Paraphilia - A diagnostic category used by the American Psychiatric Association to describe atypical patterns of sexual arousal or behavior that become problematic in the eyes of the individual or society, such as fetishism or exhibitionism. v The urges are recurrent and are either acted on or are distressing to the individual. (From Greek roots meaning “to the side of” [para] “loving” [philos]) ! Watch Those Labels Please! v The late U. S. Senator, Claude Pepper of Florida, was a dynamic tireless advocate for the elderly and was generously supported by the political lobbying arm of the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP). v During an election campaign in the early 1990s, he was accused of being a “shameless extrovert” whose sister was a New York “thespian.” It was said he himself even “practiced celibacy” prior to marriage and was also involved in “nepotism” with his sister-in-law (Catchpole, 1992). Was Senator Pepper in fact a closeted pervert? v One would think so unless one knew something about the English language. An extrovert is someone who has an outgoing personality; celibacy refers to sexual abstinence; a thespian is an actor or actress; and nepotism refers to giving family members favorable treatment. Clearly Pepper’s opponent was hoping to paint the Senator as a man involved in atypical or even illegal paraphilic behaviors. One must always be cautious about labeling people and, better yet, know something about the English language. Atypical or Typical? It’s My Party v The term atypical sexual behavior, as a concept, refers to sexual behavior that falls on a continuum that tends to be defined by a society's values, morals, and laws. v In other words, it is sexual behavior that many would agree falls on the "uncommon" side of the sexual behavior continuum. This does not mean it is abnormal, just different, and perhaps uncommon, in some or even many eyes. Atypical or Typical? It’s My Party (2) v On the other hand, paraphilias, a term coined by German psychoanalyst Wilhelm Stekel in 1923, are pathological erotic preferences. v Experts divide them into two categories. First are pathological erotic target preferences, which are thoughts and activities (fantasies and masturbation) other than with a physically mature and consenting adult. v And, second, pathological erotic activity preferences, which are activities that are atypical for most individuals who erotically prefer a physically mature and consenting adult (fetishes and sadism and masochism) (Freund et al., 1997). Atypical or Typical? It’s My Party (3) vSo too, the American Psychiatric Association considers paraphilias as mental disorders and specifically defines them as: Ø 1. recurrent intense sexual urges and sexually arousing fantasies lasting at least six months, and Ø 2. either involving nonhuman objects, or Ø 3. involving actual suffering or humiliation of oneself or one’s partner, or Ø 4. involving children or other non-consenting persons, and Ø 5. the person acting upon these urges is markedly distressed by them" (DSM-V). v The key difference between atypical and paraphilic behavior is whether the behavior intensifies one’s sexual arousal or is absolutely needed for sexual arousal and satisfaction. v Paraphilias, a term derived from the Greek root word for “to the side of love,” should also be viewed from another important angle; that is, whether or not the behavior is coercive or noncoercive. In other words, are unwilling victims involved? v Some therapists consider paraphilic behavior as compulsive or addictive as well, because of the constant need for such behavior in achieving sexual satisfaction (Money, 1988). v Also, location, time, and culture must be factored into any discussion of atypical and paraphilic behaviors, as does one’s personal belief system about what constitutes normal and abnormal. v For example, prior to 1973, a lesbian and gay sexual orientation was considered abnormal and deviant. v But over 15 years of research spearheaded by Dr. Evelyn Hooker and others clearly demonstrated that lesbians and gay males were not inclined to mental disorders as previously believed. Its removal from the DSM classification as a mental disorder was “voted out” by a simple democratic majority “show of hands” at the 1973 APA Conference. In much the same way, alcoholism was also “voted in” as a disease and mental disorder. Democracy and the concept of normalcy make for strange fellows indeed! But any task of being fair, is always made easier when good solid research is conducted, reviewed, and used. Ultimately, it was such reputable research that brought about the aforementioned changes, not just the "democratic spirit!" Chinese Sex Shops... …how likely would you be to visit one?... What’s Normal? v Normality in sexuality is based on a statistical
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