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Room for Maneuver: Social Sector Policy Reform in the Philippines

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Room for Maneuver: Social Sector Policy Reform in the Philippines Room For Maneuver Social Sector Policy Reform in the Philippines Edited by Raul Fabella, Jaime Faustino, Adrian Leftwich and Andrew Parker Social Sector Policy Reform in the Philippines Reform Policy Social Sector | 1 | ROOM FOR MANEUVER Social Sector Policy Reform in the Philippines ROOM FOR MANEUVER Social Sector Policy Reform in the Philippines DLPolicy and Practice for DevelopmentalP Leaders, Elites and Coalitions The Asia Foundation DEVELOPMENTAL LEADERSHIP PROGRAM Room For Maneuver Social Sector Policy Reform in the Philippines First Edition Copyright © 2014 The Asia Foundation All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, whether by electronic or mechanical means, without the written consent of the chapters’ respective authors and The Asia Foundation. This publication was produced by The Asia Foundation and the Developmental Leadership Program, with support from the Australian Government - The Asia Foundation Partnership in the Philippines. The Leadership Program, or The Asia Foundation. Published by The Asia Foundation – Philippines 36 Lapu-Lapu Avenue, Magallanes Village Makati City, Philippines Tel: +63 (2) 851-1466 Email: [email protected] Editorial team: Raul Fabella, Jaime Faustino, Adrian Leftwich, Andrew Parker Book and cover design by: Gerard Baja ([email protected]) Table of Contents Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................. viii Message from Australian Aid ............................................................................................. ix Message from The Asia Foundation ................................................................................... x About the Authors .................................................................................................................. xiv List of Acronyms .................................................................................................................... xxii Executive Summary ............................................................................................................ xxvi Chapter 1 Introduction Room for Maneuver: Synthesis and Overview ........................................................... 1 by Raul Fabella, Jaime Faustino, Adrian Leftwich and Andrew Parker Chapter 2 Beyond Political Economy The Politics of Social Sector Reform in the Philippines: The Analytical Framework ............................................................................................... 17 by Adrian Leftwich Chapter 3 The Philippine Context for Social Reform ................................................................. 29 by Jaime Faustino and Raul Fabella | v | Chapter 4 The Passage of the Law to Address Violence Against Women in the Philippines ............................................................................................................................... 57 Chapter 5 The Politics of the Freedom of Information Bill in the Philippines ............... 93 by Purple Romero and Jerryll Reyes Chapter 6 Structure and Agency in Contentious Reform: Reproductive Health Policy in the Philippines ................................................................................................................ 119 Chapter 7 The Politics of Reform of the Philippine Education Bureaucratic Apparatus ................................................................................................. 153 Chapter 8 Conclusion The Politics of Social Sector Policy Reform in the Philippines .................... 183 by Raul Fabella, Jaime Faustino, Adrian Leftwich and Andrew Parker Index ......................................................................................................................................... 192 | vi | In memory of Adrian Leftwich Acknowledgments This project was supported by a generous grant from the Australian Government. The management of the project was undertaken by The Asia Program. We would like to thank the researchers for their devotion to the task and their patience with our numerous comments, suggestions, and requirements at each stage of their work. Without their enthusiastic cooperation, this and Jerryll Reyes, who each co-wrote cases too. A note of thanks must go support, copy editor Paul Catiang and book designer Gerard Baja. As editors, we also wish to express our appreciation to Australian Aid for its support. In particular, we wish to thank Sam Chittick of the Australian Embassy Manila’s Development Cooperation Branch for his active participation in, comments on, support for, and encouragement of the work at all stages. Their ongoing critical engagement throughout the project those of the authors and editors. Raul Fabella, Jaime Faustino, Adrian Leftwich and Andrew Parker Editors Manila, November 2013. | viii | Message from Australian Aid As a growing middle-income country, the Philippines faces many challenges in keeping pace with the development needs of its people. Social sector reforms that establish people’s fundamental human rights, clarify the the foundations of a democratic, accountable and well-performing society. The four cases presented in this volume on anti-violence against women and children, reproductive health, freedom of information and education reform provide insights into the mix of analytical work, coalition building, struggle and perseverance that are needed by committed reformers and their supporters to achieve the reforms that they wish for. The process by which reform takes place depends on the complex interaction of many factors: reform leadership at the highest level; a motivated, case and positive media coverage; and public support. Coalitions that fail to bring these elements together are unlikely to succeed. This is the second volume of reform cases documented by The Asia Foundation supported by Australian Aid and other partners. The social sector cases presented in this volume complement the economic reform Built on Dreams; Grounded in Reality published in 2011. Taken together the two volumes constitute an invaluable guide to all who are actively involved or interested in how the process of reform takes place in the Philippines. Australian Aid’s partnership with The Asia Foundation in the Philippines, through the Coalitions for Change initiative, seeks to build on the the poor. research team who have brought this readable yet analytically rigorous volume to life. Elaine Ward Acting Minister Counsellor Australian Aid - Philippines April 2013 | ix | Message from The Asia Foundation Since its founding in 1954, The Asia Foundation has worked to achieve a peaceful, just, and thriving Asia. Informed by six decades of experience and deep local expertise, our programs address critical issues affecting Asia in the 21st century—governance and law, economic development, women’s empowerment, environment, and regional cooperation. In the Philippines, The Asia Foundation’s programs promote better governance to support national and local economic growth, strengthen the rule of law, and foster peace and development in Mindanao. Through its network of partners, the Foundation helps government, local non-government and foster sustainable economic growth. In 2011, the Australian Agency for Coalitions for Change to foster sustainable reforms through networks and coalitions in across Australian Aid’s Philippine portfolio comprising education, This book is part of the Foundation’s goal of contributing to better Paper, Thomas Parks and William Cole outlined how to translate the concepts underlying political settlements into principles, strategies, and guidelines for Built on Dreams, Grounded in Reality: Economic Policy Reform in the Philippines, a volume of seven case studies on Philippine economic policy reforms. In May 2012, Jaime Faustino proposed a development entrepreneurship model that This book shifts focus from economic policy reform to the campaigns of leaders, networks, and coalitions in social sector reform. It explores ways in which local leaders and coalitions act politically to achieve institutional and policy reform in the social sector in the Philippines. We hope that lessons | x | policymakers, government leaders, and development agencies. This publication would not have come to fruition without the support and insisted on the need to increase understanding of the reform process in the Philippines. We would like to acknowledge our partners in producing this volume, and the dedicated local reformers who championed change in the social sphere. I would like to express our gratitude for their hard work, astuteness, and tenacity. A special note for the late Adrian Leftwich, co-editor of this volume Steven Rood, Ph.D. Country Representative | xi | The Asia Foundation The Asia Foundation committed to improving lives across a dynamic and developing Asia. Informed by six decades of experience and deep local expertise, our programs address critical issues affecting Asia in the 21st century— governance and law, economic development, women’s empowerment, environment, and regional cooperation. In addition, our Books for Asia and professional exchange programs are among the ways we encourage Asia’s continued development as a peaceful, just, and thriving region of the world. The Developmental Leadership Program (DLP)
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