DOCSLIB.ORG

Experiential Self-Consciousness: Rationalism About the Value and Content of Experience

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Experiential Self-Consciousness: Rationalism About the Value and Content of Experience Experiential Self-Consciousness: Rationalism about the Value and Content of Experience by David Micha de Bruijn BA Philosophy and Political Science, University College Utrecht, 2006 MPhil Philosophy, University of Cambridge, 2007 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2017 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences This dissertation was presented by David Micha de Bruijn It was defended on July 17, 2017 and approved by Anil Gupta, Alan Ross Anderson Distinguished Professor of Philosophy Wayne Wu, Associate Professor, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition Dissertation Co-Director: Stephen Engstrom, Professor of Philosophy Dissertation Co-Director: John McDowell, Distinguished University Professor of Philosophy ii Copyright © by David Micha de Bruijn 2017 iii Experiential Self-Consciousness: Rationalism about the Value and Content of Experience David de Bruijn, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2017 In having a visual experience, we can come to know facts of at least two kinds: facts about our environment (“there is a red cup before me”), and facts about ourselves (“I am having an experience as of a red cup”). How do these types of knowledge—perceptual knowledge and perceptual self-knowledge—relate? For a certain type of rationalist a visual experience is identical with a form of self- awareness of the relevant visual experience. For you to be aware of having an experience E is nothing over and above you having E. Specifically, the rationalist holds that this fact is grounded in the way a capacity for thought expresses itself in experience as what I call experiential self- consciousness. I argue that this form of rationalism provides a novel way of approaching critical debates about visual experience, including the structure of perceptual representation and the grounds for perceptual knowledge. In experience things can self-consciously look to the subject to be specifically thinkable ways: the way experience makes things look to the rational subject can, in part, be expressed through the sort of contents experience makes it available for the subject to think. Moreover, in experience the objects of perceptual knowledge can be self-consciously present to the subject. I argue this type of perceptual presence supports a novel, non-evidentialist internalism about perceptual knowledge and justification. Moreover, I suggest rationalism illuminates an association between experience bearing representational content and a type of self- conscious experiential unity. iv I also spend significant time placing rationalism in its historical context, specifically a broadly Leibnizian theme running through Kant’s views on experience. I argue that placing a type of rationalism central to a reading of Kant allows us to (i) appreciate the way Kantian intuitions (Anschauungen) are conceptual and yet non-judgmental representations; (ii) see the way sensations (Empfindungen) figure in Kant’s thinking merely as abstractions from self- conscious states; and (iii) read the Paralogisms chapter of the Critique of Pure Reason as consistent with Kant holding a substantial conception of the thinking and perceiving subject. v TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE .................................................................................................................................... XI INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 1 A RATIONALIST THEME ................................................................................................ 1 OVERVIEW OF CHAPTERS ............................................................................................ 5 1.0 UNDERSTANDING: THE FORM OF INTUITION...................................................... 10 1.1 CONCEPTUALISM .......................................................................................... 12 1.2 TWO STEMS OF COGNITION ...................................................................... 13 1.3 THE NON-CONCEPTUALIST THESES ....................................................... 16 1.4 THE TEXTUAL CASE FOR NON-CONCEPTUALISM ............................. 19 1.5 THE CONDITIONS OF THE UNDERSTANDING ...................................... 23 1.6 HYLOPMORPHISM IN KANT: THE CASE FOR CONCEPTUALISM.. 26 1.7 CONCEPTUALISM AND JUDGMENT ........................................................ 31 1.8 NON-CONCEPTUALIST EVIDENCE REVISITED .................................... 34 1.9 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................. 38 2.0 SENSIBILITY: THE MATTER OF INTUITION .................................................. 40 2.1 THE NATURE OF SENSATION .................................................................... 45 2.2 LEIBNIZ ON PRIMARY AND SECONDARY MATTER ........................... 50 2.3 EMPFINDUNG AS PRIMARY MATERIAL ................................................. 57 vi 2.4 “THE GRUNDSTÜCK OF OUR COGNITION” ............................................ 65 3.0 UNITY AND SUBSTANTIALITY IN KANT’S SUBJECT .................................. 70 3.1 ACHILLES: NARROW AND BROAD ........................................................... 75 3.2 KANT’S CRITIQUE OF THE ACHILLES IN THE PARALOGISMS ...... 79 3.3 A DILEMMA FOR FUNCTIONALISTS ....................................................... 83 3.4 KANT’S CRITIQUE OF RATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY ............................... 87 3.5 KANT’S PURE ACHILLES ............................................................................. 95 3.6 OBJECTIONS .................................................................................................. 103 4.0 EXPERIENTIAL SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS AND PERCEPTUAL LOOKS .. 107 4.1 TWO REQUIREMENTS ON THE ARGUMENT FROM LOOKS .......... 111 4.2 EXPLAINING LUCIDITY ............................................................................. 121 4.3 LUCIDITY AS SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS ................................................... 129 4.4 THE ARGUMENT FROM SELF-CONSCIOUS LOOKS .......................... 136 4.5 OBJECTIONS .................................................................................................. 141 5.0 EXPERIENTIAL SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS AND PERCEPTUAL PRESENCE .................................................................................................................................... 149 5.1 PERCEPTUAL PRESENCE .......................................................................... 156 5.2 DISJUNCTIVISM: EVIDENCE OR PRESENCE? ..................................... 161 5.3 PRITCHARD-STYLE DISJUNCTIVISM .................................................... 163 5.4 DISJUNCTIVISM: EVIDENCE OR PRESENCE? ..................................... 169 5.5 THE DIALECTICAL INFELICITY PROBLEM ........................................ 173 5.6 THE BASIS PROBLEM ................................................................................. 182 5.7 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................ 185 vii 5.8 REFLECTIVE BADNESS .............................................................................. 188 6.0 CONTENT AND THE UNITY OF EXPERIENCE ............................................. 195 6.1 EXPERIENTIAL UNITY ............................................................................... 201 6.2 INTELLECTUAL COMBINATION ............................................................. 205 6.3 KANT ON THE PERCEPTUAL CONCEPT ............................................... 214 6.4 PERCEPTUAL SELF-COMPREHENSION ................................................ 218 BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................................................... 227 viii LIST OF TABLES Table 1 The Narrow Achilles and the Broad Achilles .................................................................. 75 Table 2 The Plotinian Achilles and the Proclean Achilles ........................................................... 77 Table 3 Kant’s Pure Achilles ....................................................................................................... 98 Table 4 The Entailment Model (1) .............................................................................................. 164 Table 5 The Entailment Model (2) .............................................................................................. 167 Table 6 The Access Model.......................................................................................................... 169 Table 7 Reflective Badness (1) ................................................................................................... 190 Table 8 Reflective Badness (2) ................................................................................................... 192 ix As we perceive something, we rouse ourselves, so to speak, as though from a sleep with respect to the object. We grasp [it], comprehend it, we grasp ourselves with respect to it, [and] reflect upon ourselves. J. N. Tetens, 1913, p. 284 By the term ‘thought’ I understand everything which we are aware of as happening within us, insofar as we have awareness of it. Hence, thinking is to be identified here not merely with understanding, willing and imagining, but also with sensory awareness. René Descartes CSM 1. 195 x PREFACE In many ways, writing a dissertation in general is a personal
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 Armand Maurer. the Philosophy of William of Ockham in the Light of Its
    Armand Maurer. The Philosophy of William of Ockham in the Light of Its Principles. Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1999. Someone must be looking out for William Ockham. Excommunicated and exiled in his own lifetime, Ockham's philosophical works were revitalized in the twentieth century like those of no other medieval author. The two best medieval monographs of the century, from a philosophical point of view, were studies of Ockham.i And while the still unfinished Opera Omnia of Aquinas and Scotus plodded along, a brilliant group of scholars assembled in Olean, New York, to publish Ockham's Opera Philosophica et Theologica over a mere twenty-three years.ii And in a century that saw sophisticated bodies of philosophical scholarship grow up around the ancient and early modern periods, only Ockham among the medievals can lay claim to anything remotely analogous.iii Now Armand Maurer, at a mere 84 years of age, has managed to slip one more contribution into a century that, for Ockham Studies, was already venerable enough. It should be said from the start that Maurer's volume cannot compare, in philosophical detail and sophistication, with Marilyn Adams's even longer book on the subject. But this is nevertheless an important and valuable work. Maurer seeks to provide an introduction to Ockham's philosophy (10) and he succeeds entirely, in a manner worthy of comparison to Copleston and perhaps even Gilson. 1 It is surprisingly difficult to determine just what Maurer means by `the philosophy of Ockham.' He does not have in mind the medieval sense of `philosophy.' Though the volume begins with logic and metaphysics, and devotes a long chapter to physics, it is Ockham's Opera Theologica that receive most of Maurer's attention.
    [Show full text]
  • HRP Vol 18 Text Vf
    EPISTEMOLOGY Identity,” International Journal of Philosophical Studies 41 Le temps retrouvéA la recherche du temps perdu, Le temps retrouvé 43 Untimely Meditations, By Duncan Pritchard 44 45 Essays and Lectures as best I can the actual methodology employed by analytical 46 view there has been a tendency in the recent debate about the 47 He does not, of course, give reason the same place in our nature as Kant does (he replaces M The Gay Science is that analytical philosophers do when they do philosophy, and this is especially Le temps retrouvé, Le Côté de Guermantes particular, I claim that once we understand the methodology actually employed 51 To the Lighthouse by analytical epistemologists properly then we will see that it is not as exposed 1 A Sketch of the Past, 53 A Sketch of the Past 54 Proust holds that one is for the most part completely closed down by habit: “habit hides almost the whole universe from us throughout our lives,” Le temps retrouvé, 55 56 Collected Tales, Sketches, Speeches – As we will see below, I think this way of describing the methodology of 57 Late Night Thoughts on Listening to Mahler’s Ninth Sympthony (London: Routledge, the philosophical data provided by intuition, I still think we need to recognise The Myth Makers, Much of the focus when it comes to the role of intuition in epistemology is on our intuitive responses to cases, where we are asked to form an intuitive extensional intuitions Duncan Pritchard joined the University of Edinburgh’s philosophy department in 2007 as the new Chair in Epistemology.
    [Show full text]
  • A Critical Assessment of the Political Doctrines of Michael Oakeshott
    David Richard Hexter Thesis Title: A Critical Assessment of the Political Doctrines of Michael Oakeshott. Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 1 Statement of Originality I, David Richard Hexter, confirm that the research included within this thesis is my own work or that where it has been carried out in collaboration with, or supported by others, that this is duly acknowledged and my contribution indicated. I attest that I have exercised reasonable care to ensure that the work is original, and does not to the best of my knowledge break any UK law, infringe any third party’s copyright or other Intellectual Property Right, or contain any confidential material. I accept that the college has the right to use plagiarism detection software to check the electronic version of the thesis. I confirm that this thesis has not been previously submitted for the award of a degree by this or any other university. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author. David R Hexter 12/01/2016 2 Abstract Author: David Hexter, PhD candidate Title of thesis: A Critical Assessment of the Political Doctrines of Michael Oakeshott Description The thesis consists of an Introduction, four Chapters and a Conclusion. In the Introduction some of the interpretations that have been offered of Oakeshott’s political writings are discussed. The key issue of interpretation is whether Oakeshott is best considered as a disinterested philosopher, as he claimed, or as promoting an ideology or doctrine, albeit elliptically.
    [Show full text]
  • History and Theory of Philosophy
    FEDERAL STATE BUDGETARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION "BASHKIR STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY" OF THE MINISTRY OF HEALTHCARE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (FSBEI HE BSMU MOH Russia) HISTORY AND THEORY OF PHILOSOPHY Textbook Ufa 2020 1 UDC 1(09)(075.8) BBC 87.3я7 H90 Reviewers: Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Head of the department «Social work» FSBEI HE «Bashkir State University» U.S. Vildanov Doctor of Philosophy, Professor at the Department of Philosophy and History FSBEIHE «Bashkir State Agricultural University» A.I. Stoletov History and theory of philosophy:textbook/ K.V. Khramova, H90 R.I. Devyatkina, Z.R. Sadikova, O.M. Ivanova, O.G. Afanasyeva, A.S. Zubairova-Valeeva, N.R. Mingazova, G.R. Davletshina — Ufa: Ufa: FSBEIHEBSMUMOHRussia, 2020. – 127 p. The manual was prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education in specialty 31.05.01 «General Medicine» the current curriculum and on the basis of the work program on the discipline of philosophy. The manual is focused on the competence-based learning model. It has an original, uniform for all classes structure, including the topic, a summary of the training questions, the subject of essays, training materials, test items with response standards, recommended literature. This manual covers topics related to the periods of development of world philosophy. Designed for students in the specialty 31.05.01 «General Medicine». It is recommended to be published by the Coordinating Scientific and Methodological Council and was approved by the decision of the Editorial and Publishing Council of the BSMU of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia.
    [Show full text]
  • Conversation with Duncan Pritchard
    APhEx 15, 2017 (ed. Vera Tripodi) Redattore: Federica Berdini N° 15 GENNAIO 2017 I NTERVISTE Conversation with Duncan Pritchard by Michel Croce Duncan Pritchard is Chair in Epistemology at the University of Edinburgh and Director of Edinburgh’s Eidyn research centre. He is certainly one of the most influential contemporary epistemologists. His main research inter- ests include topics such as the problem of skepticism, the problem of the na- ture and value of knowledge, extended knowledge, and social epistemology. He is author and co-author of several books, editor of the International Journal for the Study of Skepticism and Oxford Bibliographies: Philosophy, and principal investigator of several international research projects hosted at Eidyn. His latest book, Epistemic Angst: Radical Skepticism and the Groundlessness of Our Believing, published by Princeton University Press in 2015, provides a novel strategy to address the skeptical challenge. In this Periodico On-line / ISSN 2036-9972 Michel Croce – Conversation with Duncan Pritchard broad interview, Pritchard reveals the theoretical origin of his latest work and illustrates the connections between the main topics he explored in his massive research activity. He also offers interesting anecdotes concerning his personal experience as an academic and insightful advices to those who are willing to pursue a philosophy curriculum. 1. Dear Duncan, thank you very much for accepting my invitation to tell the readers of APhEx something about your work. We’ll have time to discuss in detail various aspects of your philosophy, but let me start with a brief bio- graphical question about your interest in philosophy and in becoming an academic.
    [Show full text]
  • Scotus: an Initial Lonerganian Treatment
    Scotus: An Initial Lonerganian Treatment Matthew Peters The present paper was inspired by a collection of distinct though related interests. Perhaps first among these was the desire to respond to a call Lonergan makes in a rather long footnote in the first chapter of Verbum. Lonergan states: “While M. Gilson has done splendid work on Scotist origins, there is needed an explanation of Scotist influence” (Lonergan 1997, 39). Lonergan’s reference to Gilson has to do with the latter’s pioneering work identifying and analyzing the sources upon which Scotus was drawing in developing his, Scotus’s, own mature philosophy. Yet, clearly Lonergan saw that a further effort was needed: providing an account of how Scotus influenced the tradition that succeeded him. Now, two facts are worth noting regarding Scotist scholarship subsequent to Lonergan’s call. First, relatively little work has been done by students and scholars of Lonergan to provide a critical and dialectical history of Scotist influence. Secondly, interest in and discussion of Scotist influence has nevertheless increased enormously amongst other philosophical communities. Perhaps beginning with Heidegger’s habilitation-schrift of 1916, a litany of prominent philosophers and theologians – including Jacques Derrida, Gilles Deleuze, John Milbank and the whole Radical Orthodoxy movement – have returned to Scotus in one fashion or another. What seems to have emerged from this discussion of Scotus is the view that Scotus, for good or for ill, represents a seminal figure in the history of Western thought, in particular as setting the stage for the so-called Modern as well as Post-Modern Project in philosophy.
    [Show full text]
  • Conceptualism and the Notion of a Concept
    Conceptualism and the Notion of a Concept Hannah Ginsborg, U.C. Berkeley Version of August 26, 2019, submitted There is a long-standing conflict in philosophy between two pictures of perceptual experience. On one picture, traditionally associated with Kant,1 perceptual experience, at least in adult humans, involves the operation of conceptual as well as sensory capacities. The experience you have when you see a yellow daffodil essentially involves your being aware of it as yellow, and as a daffodil. A subject lacking the concepts of yellow and daffodil would see the same object you do, in that it would affect their sense-organs as it does yours, but would have a different perceptual experience. On the other picture, more closely aligned with empiricism, perceptual experience is the product of our sensory capacities only. Although, when you see a yellow daffodil, you may at the same time take it to be yellow and to be a daffodil, and so bring it under the concepts yellow and daffodil, your doing so is not part of your perceptual experience. You could have exactly the same experience if you lacked those concepts. On the first picture, which I will label “conceptualist,”2 the perceptual experience of nonhuman animals and human infants -- at least to the extent that animals and infants are presumed to lack conceptual capacities - - is of a fundamentally different kind from that of adult humans. The discontinuity between humans and animals as regards epistemic access to the world is not a matter of humans being able to make judgments and entertain thoughts about the world in addition to having perceptual experiences of it, but operates at the level of perception itself.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae/List of Projects for Fall/Early Spring 2006-7
    1 Dr. Peter Olen Lake-Sumter State College 9501 U.S. Highway 441 Leesburg, FL 34788 [email protected] https://lssc.academia.edu/PeterOlen 407.920.5132 Area of Specialization, Area of Competence AOS: History of Philosophy, Epistemology AOC: Philosophy of Science, Logic, American Philosophy, Ethics, Philosophy of Mind Employment Assistant Professor of Philosophy, Lake-Sumter State College (Fall 2019 – current) Instructor, Lake-Sumter State College (Fall 2014 – Spring 2019) Visiting Lecturer, University of Central Florida (Fall 2013 – Summer 2014) Education Ph.D. (Philosophy), University of South Florida (2012) M.A. (Philosophy), University of South Florida (Spring 2009) B.A. (Major: Philosophy, Minor: Cognitive Science), University of Central Florida (Spring 2006) Books Wilfrid Sellars and the Foundations of Normativity (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016). Pragmatism in Transition: Contemporary Perspectives on C. I. Lewis (Palgrave Macmillan, 2017 – co-edited with Carl Sachs). Articles “Emotion and Affect in the Space of Reasons” in a special issue of Philosophical Inquiries (in progress) “Perspectivalism and Behaviorism: A Response to Katzav” in the Australasian Philosophical Review (forthcoming) “Author’s Response to Critics” in a special issue of the Journal for the History of Analytical Philosophy (Summer 2019) “Consequences of Behaviorism: Sellars and de Laguna on Explanation” in Philosophy of the Social Sciences (2017). “Was Sellars an Error Theorist?” (co-authored with Stephen Turner) in Synthese, Vol. 163 (2016), pp.2053-2075. “From Formalism to Psychology: Meta-philosophical Shifts in Wilfrid Sellars' Early Works” in HOPOS: The Journal of the International Society for the History of the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 6, No.1 (2016), pp.24-63.
    [Show full text]
  • Phil-Eem-Epistemology.Pdf
    Image courtesy of Surgeons' Hall Museums © The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh 2016 Course aims and objectives The course aims to offer online postgraduate students engagement with a selection of core topics in epistemology. No previous philosophical or logical expertise is required. Any technical and/or unfamiliar terms will be defined as we go. Intended learning outcomes On completion of this course, the student will be able to: • Articulate central issues, views and concepts in epistemology. • Critically analyse and engage with the contemporary epistemological literature. • Present arguments clearly and concisely both in the classroom and in writing. • Gain transferable skills in research, analysis and argumentation. • Critically discuss philosophical arguments with peers. Writing the coursework essay and participating in class discussion will develop these skills. People Course organiser: Dr Wolfgang Schwarz; [email protected] ​ ​ Recorded lectures from other Edinburgh faculty: Dr Nick Treanor; [email protected] ​ ​ Dr Matthew Chrisman; [email protected] ​ ​ Dr Martin Smith; [email protected] ​ ​ Course secretary: Ms Becky Verdon; [email protected] ​ ​ Office hours Please email Wolfgang Schwarz ([email protected]) to make an appointment if ​ ​ you need to discuss material covered in the course or essay topics. Syllabus Schedule of lectures, seminars, and forum discussions Week Topic Lecturer Activity W/c date Induction 14 ​ ​ Induction week September Week 1 21 Theory of knowledge and ​ ​ Duncan Pritchard
    [Show full text]
  • Albert Camus' Dialogue with Nietzsche and Dostoevsky Sean Derek Illing Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected]
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2014 Between nihilism and transcendence : Albert Camus' dialogue with Nietzsche and Dostoevsky Sean Derek Illing Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Illing, Sean Derek, "Between nihilism and transcendence : Albert Camus' dialogue with Nietzsche and Dostoevsky" (2014). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 1393. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/1393 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. BETWEEN NIHILISM AND TRANSCENDENCE: ALBERT CAMUS’ DIALOGUE WITH NIETZSCHE AND DOSTOEVSKY A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Political Science by Sean D. Illing B.A., Louisiana State University, 2007 M.A., University of West Florida, 2009 May 2014 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation is the product of many supportive individuals. I am especially grateful for Dr. Cecil Eubank’s guidance. As a teacher, one can do no better than Professor Eubanks. Although his Socratic glare can be terrifying, there is always love and wisdom in his instruction. It is no exaggeration to say that this work would not exist without his support. At every step, he helped me along as I struggled to articulate my thoughts.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hegemony of Reason and the Assimilation of Comic Folly
    In Praise of Folly: The Hegemony of Reason and the Assimilation of Comic Folly James Mark Shields ©1990 (revised 2007) ABSTRACT According to Michel Foucault, one aspect of discourse control is the principle of “exclusion,” which may take the form of what Foucault calls “division and rejection”—where discourses are categorized so as to reduce the significance of some categories. As an example, Foucault produces the opposition of reason and folly, a division investigated in greater detail in his Madness and Civilization. In this latter work, however, Foucault speaks primarily of the Fool as a socially categorized individual; one who, through the course of history and changing discursive habits, has become the Madman. The Fool/Madman character and the issue of insanity are not by any means exhaustive of the broad and often convoluted concept of folly. To take a strict denotative approach, folly has various meanings, all of which focus to some degree on “unreason” or “anti-reason.” Cultural limits have been established, and these limits can be investigated through an analysis of one particular form of folly, that which I will call comic folly—that side of folly dealing with mirth, humor, laughter, and the joke. In this essay, the following matters are explored: the concept of folly, its various facets and history; comic folly as a branch of unreason; the hegemony, power, and limits of reason in modern Western culture; the comic folly of the so-called rational/sane person; and the strengths and limits of comic folly within our Rational Western world. Must unreason, as Webster’s seems to suggest, always end in disaster? I am uneasy to think I approve of one object, and disapprove The danger lurks precisely because there are limits to of another; call one thing beautiful, and another deform’d; folly, and these limits have been systematically engrained decide concerning truth and falsehood, reason and folly, within modern “rational discourse.” The hegemony of Reason without knowing upon which principles I proceed.
    [Show full text]
  • Complete Issue
    Center for Open Access in Science Open Journal for Studies in Philosophy 2019 ● Volume 3 ● Number 1 https://doi.org/10.32591/coas.ojsp.0301 ISSN (Online) 2560-5380 OPEN JOURNAL FOR STUDIES IN PHILOSOPHY (OJSP) ISSN (Online) 2560-5380 https://www.centerprode.com/ojsp.html [email protected] Publisher: Center for Open Access in Science (COAS) Belgrade, SERBIA https://www.centerprode.com [email protected] Editor-in-Chief: Tatyana Vasileva Petkova (PhD) South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Faculty of Philosophy, Blagoevgrad, BULGARIA Editorial Board: Jane Forsey (PhD) University of Winnipeg, Faculty of Arts, CANADA Cristóbal Friz Echeverria (PhD) University of Santiago de Chile, Faculty of Humanities, CHILE Plamen Makariev (PhD) Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Faculty of Philosophy, BULGARIA Antoaneta Nikolova (PhD) South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Faculty of Philosophy, Blagoevgrad, BULGARIA Adrian Nita (PhD) Romanian Academy, Institute of Philosophy and Psychology, Bucharest, ROMANIA Hasnije Ilazi (PhD) University of Prishtina, Faculty of Philosophy, KOSOVO Copy Editor: Goran Pešić Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade Open Journal for Studies in Philosophy, 2019, 3(1), 1-24. ISSN (Online) 2560-5380 __________________________________________________________________ CONTENTS 1 Hellenistic Philosophy in Greek and Roman Times Ioanna-Soultana Kotsori 6 Pedagogical Views of Plato in his Dialogues Marina Nasaina 17 The Idea of Tolerance – John Locke and Immanuel Kant Tatyana Vasileva Petkova Open Journal for Studies
    [Show full text]