Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies Annual Report 2017 Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath Tuairisc Bhliantúil 2017 Scoil Na Fisice Cosmaí

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Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies Annual Report 2017 Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath Tuairisc Bhliantúil 2017 Scoil Na Fisice Cosmaí Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies Annual Report 2017 Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath Tuairisc Bhliantúil 2017 Scoil na Fisice Cosmaí Réalteolaíocht agus Réaltfhisic Sprioc 1: Eolas agus léargais nua a fháil trí bhuntaighde agus scoláireacht ardleibhéil Gan amhras b’í eachtra na bliana an brath de chumasc neodrónréalta i dtonnta mtharraingteacha agus an brath ina dhiaidh sin d’astú leictreamaighnéadach. Ar ámharaí an tsaoil, tharla an eachtra i réigiún den spéir agus ag am nuair a bhí sé inrochtana do theileascóip gáma-gha ardfhuinnimh H.E.S.S. a bhreathnaigh air mar thargaid deise laistigh de chúig uair a’ chloig ach nach bhfaca dada. Mar sin féin, cuir sé seo ar chumas H.E.S.S. teorainneacha uasta a chur ar an astú gáma-gha ardfhuinnimh ón gcumasc agus d’fhág go rabhamar inár mbaill d’fhoireann domhanda de bhreis agus 3500 eolaí páirteach san fheachtas il-tonnfhad. Mar a tharla sé, b’é an cuibhreannas H.E.S.S., a bhfuil DIAS ina bhall de, an chéad réadlann ar talamh a bhí ábalta an fhoinse a bhreathnú de bharr an tsuímh geografaigh atá aige i ndeisceart na hAfraice. Lean J. Mackey dá chomhar le ndéantar formhór na ngathanna féidir le scealla dá leithéid foirmiú V.V. Gvaramadze, N. Langer, T. cosmacha réaltracha breathnaithe réaltaí a óstáil (Szecsi et al., 2018, Haworth agus comhghleacaithe a luasghéarú in iarsmaí ollnóva á chur i gcló, leagan réamhchló i dtogra ina rinne siad an chéad aonair agus go mb’fhéidir gurb ar fáil ag arXiv:1711.04007). bhrath ar bholgán gaoithe réaltaí iad gaotha réaltacha láidre ó Rinne sé imscrúdú ar éabhlóid thar réalta B aonair príomh- oll-réaltaí i mbraislí óga an réaltaí an-ollmhór i Réaltbhraislí sheicheamh (Gvaramadze et al., phríomhfhoinse, go háirithe Cruinneogacha ar mhiotalacht 2017, MNRAS,466,1857). Bhí mórthimpeall ar fhuinnimh PeV. íseal, agus fuair sé amach gur an samhaltú ríomhaireachta ar Ina theannta sin, tá sé ag teacht féidir le réaltaí na 2 glúine foirmiú an réaltnéal séidte ag an ngaoth go maith lena bhfuair Grúpa i ndlúthscealla mórthimpeall ar agus a shínithe breathnaitheacha Foirmithe Réaltaí DIAS amach ollfhathaigh. Ina thennta sin, is ríthábhachtach chun an maíomh cúpla bliain ó shin gur féidir le féidir le patrúin fliúirse ceimice na seo a dhéanamh. Tá sé seo réalta óga ar mhais íseal, fiú, a réalt a fhoirmítear ar an mbealach suntasach toisc go bhfuil cinntí bheith ina bhfoinsí do ghathanna seo bheith ag meaitseáil leo siúd breathnaitheach ar láidreacht cosmacha ísealfuinnimh atá ag an daonraí ilréaltacha na ngaoth réaltacha ó réalta (Ainsworth et al. 2014). a fhaightear i Réaltbhraislí B an-éiginnte agus go bhfuil Cruinneogacha. B’fhéidir go tuartha teoiriciúla an-deacair. Rinne J. Mackey forbairt ar a gcuideoidh an obair seo go mór Mar thoradh ar an mbolgán obair roimhe seo ag déanamh le réiteach ar an bhfaidhb atá gaoithe a bhrath go díreach agus staidéir ar scealla réaltaí ann le fada maidir leis an gcaoi a mhéid agus a fhuinneamh a mórthimpeall ar ollfhathaigh inar foirmíodh réaltbhraislí thomhas tugtar srian láidir agus dhearga, lean ríomh cathain is cruinneogacha. neamhspleách ar fhuinneamh na gaoithe. Nascann an obair seo go breá le roinn torthaí suntasacha a fuair Felix Aharonian agus a chomhghleacaithe. Ag féachaint ar dháíleadh gathach astú gáma- gha ardfhuinnimh thar roinnt gaolmhaireachtaí óga OB tá fianaise faighte acu a léiríonn luasghéarú suntasach gathanna cosmacha i gcumaisc réaltaí den chineál sin. Tugann sé seo le tuiscint go m’fhéidur nach mór leasú a dhéanamh ar an tuairim DIAS Scholar wins 2017 Earnshaw Medal a nglactar léi i gcoitinne, go Bhuaigh Scoláire ó Institiúid Árd- Léinn an Bonn Earnshaw 38 TUAIRISC BHLIANTÚIL 2017 Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath School Of Cosmic Physics Astronomy and Astrophysics Goal 1: Discovery of new knowledge and insights through advanced fundamental research and scholarship The science event of the year was undoubtedly the detection of a neutron star merger in gravitational waves and the subsequent detection of electromagnetic emission. Fortunately, the event occurred in a region of the sky and at a time when it was accessible to the H.E.S.S. high-energy gamma-ray telescopes which observed it as a target of opportunity within five hours but saw nothing. Nevertheless, this enabled H.E.S.S. to place upper limits on the high- energy gamma-ray emission from the merger and made us part of the world-wide team of over 3500 scientists involved in the multi-wavelength campaign. The H.E.S.S. consortium, of which DIAS is a member, was in fact the first ground-based observatory to be able to observe the source due to its favourable geographical location in Southern Africa. J. Mackey continued his massive stars in young clusters may abundance patterns of the stars collaboration with V.V. in fact be the dominant source, formed in this way can match those Gvaramadze, N. Langer, T. especially around PeV energies. of the multiple stellar populations Haworth and co-workers in a Moreover, it also dovetails with found in Globular Clusters. This project where they made the first the discovery by the DIAS Star work may prove to be a significant detection of a stellar-wind bubble Formation Group a few years ago contribution to the long-standing around a single main-sequence that even low mass young stars may problem of how Globular Clusters B star (Gvaramadze et al., 2017, be sources of low energy cosmic formed. rays (Ainsworth et al. 2014). MNRAS,466,1857). Internationally acclaimed photo of the “Star Betelgeuse” The computer modelling of J. Mackey built on his previous (taken by Dr. O’ Gorman, DIAS) the wind-blown nebula and its work studying circumstellar Pictiúr le moladh idirnáisiúnta observational signatures was shells around red supergiants, don 'Star Betelgeuse'(Dr O key to making this claim. This is to calculate when such shells Gorman,DIAS) significant because observational can host star formation (Szecsi determinations of the strength et al., 2018, in press, preprint at of stellar winds from B stars are arXiv:1711.04007). very uncertain and theoretical predictions are very difficult. He investigated evolution of very Detecting the wind bubble directly massive stars in low-metallicity and measuring its size and energy Globular Clusters, and found that gives a powerful and independent 2nd generation stars can form in constraint on the wind strength. dense shells around supergiants. Furthermore, the chemical This work links nicely to some remarkable results obtained by Felix Aharonian and his coworkers. Looking at the radial distribution of high-energy gamma-ray emission around several young OB associations they have found evidence pointing to significant cosmic ray acceleration in such star clusters. This suggests that the generally accepted idea, that the bulk of the observed Galactic cosmic rays are accelerated in individual supernova remnants, may need revision and Hess Radio Telescope Array in Namibia (DIAS Lead Partner) that strong stellar winds from Hess Radio Telescope Array in Namibia (i bpáirt le DIAS) Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies ANNUAL REPORT 2017 39 Scoil na Fisice Cosmaí (ar lean) Bhrath an Grúpa Foirmithe thar ceann phobal réalteolaíochta (Anton Freeney-Johanssen) agus Réaltaí réalta óg ag minicíochtaí na hÉireann, agus le tacaíocht eolaí tacaíochta LOFAR (an Dr raidió an-íseal den chéad uair ríthábhachtach ó Joe Hogan ón Oisin Creaner, a bhí in Institiúid ag baint úsáide as LOFAR (Colm tionscal, d’fhógair Rialtas na Teicneolaíochta Bhaile Átha Cliath Coghlan et al. 2017). Ní hamháín hÉireann go raibh sé ar intinn roimhe seo) lonnaithe in DIAS gur oscail sé seo “fuinneog” nua ar aige dul isteach sa Réadlann faoi dheireadh na bliana 2017. bhreith réaltach ach freisin fuair Eorpach sa Leathsféar Theas. siad amach gur chas an speictream Leis an gcinneadh seo, baintear Tá comhaontú sroichte i raidió thart, a chuir ar a gcumas amach aidhm a bhí ag Scoil bprionsabal leis an Institiúid neart ghaoth ianaithe an réalta na Fisice Cosmaí le fada agus Taighde sa Réaltfhisic agus a thomhas. Rud nua eile ab ea tugtar aghaidh ar bhearna Pláinéadeolaíocht (IRAP) atá an brath d’fhuilleamh diosca thromchúiseach i struchtúr lonnaithe i Toulouse le rochtain eipeasóideach i réad réaltach óg taighde na hÉireann atá ann a cheadú do DIAS ar shonraí ón ardmhaise ag Alessio Caratti o ó cuireadh deireadh leis an Suirbhé Oidhreachta SPIRou Garatti et al a foisíodh san iris gcomhaontú La Palma idir DIAS (SLS). Sa suirbhé seo, a éileoidh Nature Physics. Tacaíonn an tátal agus an Ríocht Aontaithe. Meastar cúpla céad ar Theileascóp Haváí seo leis an tuairim chonspóideach go dtarlóidh aontachas foirmiúil Cheanada agus na Fraince (CFHT) gur féidir le réaltaí ollmhóra ag druidim le deireadh na bliana thar ceithre bliana déanfar tomhas foirmiú ar bhealach atá an-chosúil 2018 agus ceadóidh sé rochtain ag ar na réimsí maighnéadacha le réaltaí ar mhais íseal. Mar réalteolaithe na hÉireann ar chuid agus a dtimpeallachtaí. Ina chríoch, rinne Eamon O’Gorman de na háiseanna réalteolaíochta ar theannta sin, ligfear dúinn brath et al. breathnuithe ALMA a réitigh talamh is fearr ar domhan. a dhéanamh ar phleainéid de atmaisféar an ollfhathaigh dhearg mhais an Domhain mórthimpeall Betelgeuse. I ndiaidh athbhreithnithe ar na ar réaltaí de chineál M (na réaltaí 3 misean atá á meas do shliotán is coitianta sa Réaltra). Cuideoidh Rinne Spásteileascóp James M4 ESA (lainseáil thart ar 2025), ranníocaíocht airgeadais DIAS leis Webb (JWST) beagnach 100 chinn an coiste comhairleach an maoiniú do chiar minicíochta lá de thástáil chrióigineach ag ábhartha ARIEL a mholadh, léasair (LFC) le cur isteach i Lárionad Spáis Johnson i Houston, misean a fhiosróidh na hatmaisféir SPIRou. Mar thoradh air seo beidh Texas. D’éirigh go maith leis na atá ag cúpla céad eiseapláinéad.
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