Winter 2008 Historic Records of Mass Immigration NYANA Archives Coming to YIVO

Home , Abraham Goldfaden, Bruce Menin, Herman Kruk, Isaac Goldberg, Isaiah Trunk

YIVO N e w s pui hHuu† pui hshgu, No. 204 · Winter 2008 Historic Records of Mass Immigration NYANA Archives Coming to YIVO

n January 21, 2008, YIVO will Obegin receiving almost 1,000,000 new documents from the New York As- sociation for New Americans (NYANA), covering the years 1949-2006. These extensive records and files serve to document several waves of post World War II mass Jewish immigration to the United States. NYANA, formed in 1949 when it took over from its predecessor organization, the United Service for New Americans, at first dealt ex- clusively with displaced person (DPs), particularly postwar Jewish survivors who wished to be resettled in New York City.

“This is perhaps the most far reaching single new collection that the YIVO Archives has received in nearly thirty years,” Carl J. Rheins, YIVO Execu- tive Director commented. “To me this marks the culmination of Max Wein- reich’s 1950 dream of establishing a central archive on the history of Jews in the United States, with special emphasis on periods of mass migration.” Jewish refugee children arriving in New York [c.1948] According to an essay by Misha Gal- perin and Caroline Katz in the Jour- YIVO and the Hoover Institution at Stanford University nal of Jewish Communal Service (Fall 1998), “The establishment of NYANA Launch New Archival Exchange Program was an historic event in the nearly he YIVO Institute for Jewish Re- Jewish history in Eastern Europe and in two-decade-long campaign led by Tsearch and the Hoover Institution, the United States. To this end, both in- American Jews to rescue, resettle, and Stanford University, are set to launch a stitutions plan to exchange microfilms rehabilitate the victims of Nazism.... Microfilm Exchange Program aimed at of related collections from the YIVO enhancing their respective documen- and the Hoover Institution archives. [continued on page 10] tary holdings in the area of modern This important exchange program was initiated and funded by Tad Taube of San Francisco, California, through the CONTENTS generosity of the Taube Foundation for Chairman’s Message ...... 2 Library ...... 14 Hold the Date Jewish Life and Culture. YIVO has re- Executive Director ...... 3 Music Archives ...... 15 Annual Benefit ceived a grant of $38,000 that will go Dinner: toward obtaining microfilms of select- YIVO Donors...... 4 Sound Archives ...... 16 May 6, 2008 ed collections from the Hoover Institu- Development ...... 5 New Accessions ...... 17 tion Archives, thus making YIVO the YIVO News ...... 6 Gaon Society ...... 21 Heritage Luncheon: first East Coast repository for the- Ju May 20, 2008 daic-related collections of the Hoover Encyclopedia ...... 12 Letters ...... 24 Institution. Max Weinreich Center....13 Yiddish Section ...... 26-32 [continued on page 9] YIVO NEWS From the Chairman of the Board s one year ends and another is about to begin, Founded in 1925 in Vilna, Poland, as the Yiddish AI reflect on YIVO’s centrality in so many fields Scientific Institute and headquartered in New York of study and archival research. Our Institute has al- City since 1940, YIVO is devoted to the history, ways embraced the broadest definition of Jewish life society and culture of Ashkenazic Jewry and to and culture. Today we continue the traditions of our the influence of that culture as it developed in the founders by preserving, studying and teaching about Americas. Today, YIVO stands as the preeminent the everyday aspects of Jewish life, in all its particu- center for East European Jewish Studies; Yiddish larities, as we also trace the history of broader social, language, literature and folklore; and the study of Bruce Slovin political, religious and artistic movements. the American Jewish immigrant experience. In the “New Accessions” pages of our newsletter you can read about hHuu† thz thz hHuu† - thbxyhyuy uuhxbaTpykgfgr hHshagr sgr what is important to us as individuals, what we are committed to pre- - thcgrmudg tui tuhxmup†rai tuhpmuvhyiw n,jhhç zhl serving for the next generation - the personal papers of famous and less ci tubszgr nhzrj-thhr†PgHag hHshag hruav sgo sgo hruav hHshag nhzrj-thhr†PgHag tubszgr ci famous writers and activists, the letters, photographs, books, ephem- v˙byhei sur/ sgr hHuu† cTshby sgo hHshai mhcur nhy nhy mhcur hHshai sgo cTshby hHuu† sgr sur/ v˙byhei era, and landsmanhaft materials that tell the complicated stories of in- - Puck Tr˙bdgrgfby Teyhuuhygyiw pTrmuu˙dyg z˙bg dividuals and their families. Readers of our newsletter will also see that - gp tuhxaygkubdgiw e†bpgrgbmiw rgpgrTyiw heTmhgxw YIVO has taken the lead role in saving the records of the New York bykgfg eurxiw drTsuHr- tui b†fs†ey†rTy-tuhxaukubd/ tui drTsuHr- eurxiw bykgfg Association for New Americans/NYANA (see page 1). These collections, taken as a whole, document the periods of mass Jew- YIVO holds the following constituent memberships : ish immigration to the United States after World War II, while also re- American Historical Association • American Associ- vealing how American Jews and their communal organizations worked ation of Professors of Yiddish • Association for Jew- hard first to rescue and resettle displaced Jews from postwar Eastern ish Studies • Association of Jewish Libraries • Muse- and Central Europe, and then to do the same for successive waves of ums Council of New York City • Society of American Jewish and non-Jewish refugees. Archivists • World Congress of Jewish Studies “ In many ways those new Americans represent the essence of Chairman of the Board Bruce Slovin YIVO, the high aspirations, ability to adapt and retool, the impetus Executive Director Carl J. Rheins to celebrate Jewish history, life and culture ...” Director of Development and External Affairs Ella Levine Why is this so important? Because, I would say, it is up to us to preserve our history – both the personal (micro) and the broader (macro) picture Director of Finance and – of the 500,000 people who came to this country and how they were Administration Antonio R. Megino helped by a Jewish community that accepted responsibility for assist- Chief Archivist Fruma Mohrer ing them. In many ways those new Americans represent the essence of YIVO: the high aspirations, ability to adapt and retool, the impetus to Head Librarian Aviva Astrinsky celebrate Jewish history, Jewish life, and Jewish culture and the many traditions, communities, languages and, even, culinary practices. YIVO, Associate Dean of the Max Weinreich Center / too, as you know, was displaced, nearly destroyed, and had to transfer Yiddish Editor Hershl Glasser its mission to New York City to survive. Editor Elise L. F. Fischer I look at all of this and I know that we at YIVO share a great pride in Contributers how post-Holocaust displaced Jews from across Europe made new lives Elissa Degani • Menachem Ejdelman in America. Just as we must not lose sight of these great transitions, we Naomi Gates-Monasch • Leo Greenbaum must redouble our efforts to preserve and honor the history of Jewish Lorri M. Greif • Yeshaya Metal • Chana Mlotek life in Eastern Europe, Israel and in the diaspora. Zachary Schulman • Lyudmilla Sholokhova Lorin Sklamberg With this in mind I want to ask each reader of the YIVO News/Yedies to consider what YIVO means to you, how it touches you and your family, facilitates academic research projects, encourages new scholars, remembers what has been lost in meaningful ways, and celebrates the living community.

In the coming year, one in which YIVO will join with Jews around the world in celebrating Israel at 60, I hope you will understand in your heart and mind how YIVO is a lifeline, a vital branch of the great tree of Jewish history and culture. 15 West 16th Street • New York • NY • 10011-6301 Phone : 212.246.6080 • Fax : 212.292.1892 www.yivo.org email to Yedies : [email protected] Please remember YIVO in your will

YIVO News Winter 2008 From the Executive Director “How’s YIVO Doing?: A Paradox” n my nine years as YIVO’s Executive Director, of his congressional colleagues considered him to Ithe question most frequently posed to me is, be the “conscience of the House of Representa- “How’s YIVO doing?” The question is the same tives”. As an early and vociferous opponent of the whether it is from scholars attending the Asso- war in Vietnam, Weiss denounced the conflict as ciation of Jewish Studies Annual Conference; or “morally indefensible and militarily untenable”. Dr. Carl J. Rheins asked by YIVO donors and foundation executives; by friends in New York, Florida or Ohio; or from In relation to Jewish communal activities, YIVO academic colleagues in Lithuania and Israel. expects to receive the entire case file archives and administrative records of the New York Association The question is not always innocent. for New Americans (NYANA), a major agency of the Federation of Jewish Philanthropy that helped After having survived the Nazis, Stalin, and six to resettle over 500,000 people in the United States decades of American Jewish assimilation, there is since 1949. The arrival of the NYANA collection a burning desire by our various constituencies to will mark, in many ways, the culmination of Max know whether YIVO’s trustees, staff, and members Weinreich’s 1950 dream of establishing a central have the strength (koyekh) to continue the assign- archive on the history of Jews in the United States, ment handed down to us by Max Weinreich. with a special emphasis on periods of mass immigration. These files deal with thousands of Jewish For those scholars who were students at the Max Holocaust survivors and their children who came Weinreich Center in the 1970s or who studied to the United States after 1949, as well as Jews who Yiddish with YIVO in the summer program at Co- managed to flee Hungary in 1956, Cuba in 1961, lumbia, the concern is even more personal. The and the Soviet Union beginning in 1971. They same “anxiety” also applies to family members will be fertile ground for researchers into the great and others who have entrusted their family pho- waves of post World War II Jewish immigration. tographs, important historic documents and other heirlooms to YIVO. YIVO’s research mission continues to evolve. Un- like the Vilna YIVO, which was led by such schol- The answer to all of these questions remains a par- ars as Weinreich, Zalmen Reisen, and Elias Tch- adox: YIVO has never been better; and yet, after erikower or the early post-war YIVO in New York, 67 years in America, the Institute’s future remains which had on staff such distinguished refugee perilous. historians as Isaiah Trunk, Philip Friedman, and Under the skillful leadership of Aviva Astrinsky, Lucjan Dobroszycki, the YIVO of today supports our Head Librarian, who came to the Institute from primary research by annually hosting fourteen the University of Pennsylvania in 1999, YIVO has visiting scholars and fellows who have appoint- added over 50,000 new titles to its core library col- ments at major universities. lection. YIVO now ranks as the third largest Juda- A second way in which YIVO supports primary ica library in the United States and has the largest research is through the publication of complex number of Jewish serials (journals) of any library works in Jewish history, Yiddish linguistics and in North America. This kind of standing does not folklore. This spring, YIVO, in cooperation with come cheaply. Each year we spend the equivalent Yale University Press, will publish the two-volume of $100,000 on new books. YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. Edited YIVO’s other major “jewel in the crown”, our by Dr. Gershon Hundert of McGill University, this world class archives, continues to grow. With over work will serve as an authoritative reference on all 23,000,000 items, the YIVO Archives is the largest aspects of the history and culture of Eastern Euro- repository of materials dedicated to Eastern Euro- pean Jewry from the earliest settlement to the pres- pean Jewish history, Yiddish language and litera- ent. It includes more than 1,800 original articles ture, the Holocaust, and the American Jewish im- by 450 international contributors, accompanied migrant experience. Each year we add more than by 1,100 illustrations and 60 maps. Even before 250 new collections to our holdings. Many of these the American edition appears, foreign publishers accessions are of major importance to historians. have already inquired about obtaining the Hebrew and Russian language rights to this seminal work. For example, this summer we received the entire set of public papers of the late Congressman Theo- YIVO’s commitment to the study of Yiddish re- dore S. Weiss (1927-1992), a Democrat from New mains equally strong. The summer of 2007 was a York City who served eight terms in the U.S. House milestone: the 40th year of our pioneering Uriel of Representatives. A committed liberal, Weiss was Weinreich Program in Yiddish Language, Litera- born in Gava, Hungary, a small village fifty miles ture and Culture which has trained 1,500 scholars, northeast of Budapest and was a perfect fit for his researchers and public intellectuals since 1968. Upper West Side-Greenwich Village district. Many [continued on page 5]

YIVO Institute for Jewish Research Donors

We have acknowledged gifts of $5,000 and above from July 1, 2006 through June 30, 2007. We also extend our gratitude to the thousands of donors who are not listed in this issue of Yedies. u $100 000 + Atran Foundation,’ Inc. Martin Peretz Constance and Harvey Krueger Francesca and Bruce Slovin Ruth and David Levine u $50’000 + The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Foundation Smart Family Foundation Nash Family Foundation Cindy and David Stone u $25’000 + Blavatnik Family Foundation The Cahnman Foundation Beatrice Schreter and Charles Rose Emily and Len Blavatnik Ira Jolles Daniel Rosenblum Maddy Braun Koret Foundation, Koret Fund Leanor and Alvin Segal Chais Family Foundation Helaine and Lawrence Newman Taube Foundation for Jewish Life Stanley Chais Grace and Scott Offen and Culture Russell Galbut Doris and Martin Payson Alice and Thomas J. Tisch Elisabeth and Max Gitter David Polen u $10’000 + Rosina K. Abramson and Jeffrey Glen Jesselson Foundation Murray and Sydell Rosenberg Foundation Karen and William Ackman Erica Jesselson Lily Safra Joseph Alexander Foundation, Inc. Michael Jesselson Carol and Lawrence Saper Lainie and Victor Barnett Carol and Gershon Kekst Diane and Joseph Steinberg Jonathan Baron Leah and Martin Karfunkel Judy and Michael Steinhardt Salo and Jeanette Baron Foundation, Inc. Leshowitz Family Foundation Vera Stern Beate and Joseph D. Becker Harvey P. Milstein Foundation Norma and Julian Svedosh Jack Bendheim Julie and Bruce Menin Triarc Companies Sylvia Brody Axelrod Jonathan Mishkin Peter W. May Forward Association, Inc. Susanne and Jacob Morowitz Wagner Family Foundation Arlene and Arnold Goldstein Bernard Nussbaum Joan and I.Bernard Weinstein Greystone and Company Ahrona and Milton Ohring Yiddisher Kultur Farband, Inc. Stephen Rosenberg Prodbrozher Progressive Motl Zelmanowicz Andrea and Warren Grover Benevolent Association Cathy W. and Seymour W. Zises Audrey and Martin Gruss Arlene and Arnold D. Richards Mortimer Zuckerman Paula Hanover Herbert G. Feldman Charitable Foundation Fanya G. Heller Dorothy and David Rothbart u $5 000 + Marion’ Achtentuch Randy Kohana Esther Mishkin Bank of America - Private Bank Ruth Kremen New York Council for the Humanities Leon Borovick William Landberg and Louise Crandell Evgenia Peretz Lotte and Ludwig Bravmann Ruth and Sidney Lapidus Jesse Peretz Alexander Casdin League for Yiddish, Inc. The Estate of Harold Platt Ellen Chesler and Matthew Mallow Lehman Brothers Fanya Portnoy Valerie and Charles Diker Martin D. Shafiroff Rebecca Rieger Gerald Ford The Max and Anna Levinson Founda- Don Sanders Kindy and Emanuel Friedman tion Jay Schottenstein Laly and George Gallantz Lucius N. Littauer Foundation, Inc. Jeffrey Slovin Lenore and Howard (z”l) Gittis Mack Company Frances Weinstein Kenneth Jacobs Carol and Earle I. Mack Martin Weiss Herman Kaiser Foundation Betty and Leo Melamed Zantker Charitable Foundation, Inc. Patricia and Jeffrey Kenner Vivian and Edward Merrin

YIVO News Winter 2008 For Future Generations : Preserve the Document by Ella Levine, Director of Development and External Affairs “The materials gathered here - chronicles along with the documents, manuscripts, and other texts - were collected, written, and preserved in the most difficult days of my life. I beg the honest discoverer to respect my wish, preserve the document. For future generations I leave it as a trace ” Ella Levine - Herman Kruk, Chronicles from the Vilna Ghetto, 1941-1943 ew York City not only has the largest Jewish YIVO is building for the future. As we do this, the Npopulation outside of Israel, but it also con- importance of our mission has not been changed tains YIVO - an institution dedicated to the pre- - to teach and preserve. We count on donors like servation of Jewish culture, the Yiddish language, you to help ensure a bright future for YIVO. Development and the history of the Jewish soul. Founded in Vi- lna in 1925 with trustees such as Sigmund Freud The interest shown by younger generations gives and Albert Einstein, YIVO is a place that repre- us great hope. We need to touch as many people sents the world that once was and also is a hope as we can, so they see the value in belonging. Your for the future. As a daughter of survivors who rose commitment inspires us to continue in our effor- from the ashes of the Holocaust to build a life for ts to build a better future through our confronta- themselves and their children in Lithuania, then tion with the past, and emphasizes the awesome Israel, I have embraced their legacy through per- responsibility that comes with it. We, too, have a severance and optimism - the values they passed mutual destination. Each of us comes from a diffe- along. At Hanukkah, lighting the menorah is a ti- rent place. The directions will be different, but to- meless ritual of memory, a reminder that our past gether we can arrive at our common destination. as a people isn’t forgotten. Together we will enrich and enhance each of our supporters, and ourselves. Thirty five years after my family left Lithuania, when I went back to Kovno and Vilna with a While we are an extraordinary organization, too YIVO mission, I saw traces of the loss before me: a few know us. We have the ability to enrich but too building that was a Lithuanian primary school sti- few take advantage of this. We can be a force for ll bore the Hebrew letters indicating this was the strengthening but too few come along for the ride. first Jewish children’s home, a Jewish orphanage; The success of YIVO’s dinner, Heritage luncheon, a nursing school was then the home of a Hebrew public programs signifies the great strides made Gymnazija; a school yard that was the home of this year, as we look towards the upcoming year, Ha’shomer Ha’zair movement. but we must do more. We must restore the me- aning of Jewish life, as we continue our traditions From Kovno to Vilna, to Jerusalem, and to New of community involvement, teaching and insti- York, history has given me the opportunity to lling a sense of continuity between past, present come full circle to a place, where the long-lost and future generations. Our goals can be achieved treasures represent the occurrence of a miracle: through collaboration and strategic partnerships, Our survival, symbolizing the historic persistence working together to share and implement ideas. of the Jewish spirit in spite of the overwhelming adversity. Here at YIVO, I am hard at work, trying It is with great pride that we say that Herman Kruk’s to help to ensure that the dreams and teachings of documents and manuscripts have been preserved all who did not survive will not be lost. It is now and kept alive. This is our story, a story that drives our responsibility to preserve and teach the legacy you and me, and challenges every soul that hears of European Jewry. it. Thank you.

“How’s YIVO Doing?: A Paradox” [continued from page 3] Our current public program- To maintain this level of schol- what you have given before, but ming is vastly different than in arly activity requires millions of more than you have previously the past. Unlike the days when dollars annually. Because YIVO given.” YIVO would sponsor an occa- only has a tiny endowment, we sional lecture in rented facilities require the financial support of If we all help, I can assure you at Congregation Habonim, this the entire American Jewish com- that YIVO will remain a strong, fall we have sponsored eleven munity. As one of my distin- vibrant and independent institu- major public programs and exhi- guished predecessors wrote: “You tion and that its prospects will bitions, frequently to “sold out” my friends, are the community... be even brighter than today. audiences, here in New York at YIVO asks for your support not the Center for Jewish History. tomorrow, but now – and not

Full English Translation To Be Published in March 2008 History of the Yiddish Language “Over the course of time Weinreich’s work has gained in significance and prestige as the greatest contribution to Yiddish linguistics and as a milestone in the study of the history of the Yiddish language and of Jewish culture.” - Edward Stankiewicz, Yale University

ax Weinreich’s History of the Yiddish Language

YIVO News Mis a classic of Yiddish scholarship and is the only comprehensive scholarly account of the Yid- dish language from its origin to the present. History of the Yiddish Language demonstrates the integrity of Yiddish as a language, its evolution from other languages, its unique properties, and its versatility and range in both spoken and written form. Research in Vilna, was the author of many scholarly books and articles. One of the world’s most impor- Originally published in 1973 in Yiddish by YIVO, tant scholars of the Yiddish language, he completed and partially translated into English in 1980, it is History of the Yiddish Language, his magnum opus, now being published in a full English edition for shortly before his death. Weinreich’s other major the first time. Weinreich’s copious references and book, Hitler’s Professors: The Part of Scholarship in footnotes are also included in this new two-vol- Germany’s Crimes Against the Jewish People (see YIVO ume set. Dr. Paul (Hershl) Glasser, Associate Dean News/Yedies #189) was published in a paperback sec- of YIVO’s Max Weinreich Center for Advanced ond edition by Yale University Press in 1999. Jewish Studies, edited the English translation of the footnotes, completed bibliographical refer- The 1504 page two-volume set of History of the Yid- ences and other related matters. dish Language will be available for purchase direct- ly from Yale University Press in March 2008, for Max Weinreich (1894-1969), co-founder and re- $300.00. (Tel: 1-800-405-1619 or email: customer. search director of the YIVO Institute for Jewish [email protected])

2007 Jan Karski & Pola Nirenska Prize at YIVO Awarded to Joanna Tokarska-Bakir n September, Professor Joanna which is supported by the grants ITokarska-Bakir was chosen as from the Hebrew University and the 2007 recipient of the Jan the Polish Ministry of Science. A Karski and Pola Nirenska Prize. book under this title is scheduled Endowed by Professor Jan Karski to come out in the year 2008. at YIVO in 1992, the $5,000 prize goes to authors of published Joanna Tokarska-Bakir is also well works documenting Polish-Jew- known for her articles and essays, ish relations and Jewish contri- among them many devoted to butions to Polish culture. The the issues of anti-Jewish prejudi- award ceremony was held in ces, historical and recent alike. October at the Jewish Historical Drawing on her ethnographer’s Institute in Warsaw. research, Tokarska reveals how Joanna Tokarska-Bakir the negative image of the Jew in Joanna Tokarska-Bakir, born in the Polish traditional folk culture Warsaw in 1958, is Professor of (Warsaw University, 2002). She spurred anti-Jewish attitudes over Cultural Anthropology at the also published a monograph The the centuries and continues into Warsaw University and at the Curious Image: A Hermeneutic Read- the present time. Her aim is to Collegium Civitas in Warsaw. She ing of Ethnographic Sources (2000), identify myths and precon- holds a doctorate in ethnology and a volume of essays Rzeczy ceptions, which serve both to (1992, dissertation Liberation mgliste / Vague Objects (2004). dehumanize the Jews and to fos- Through Senses: Tibetan soterio- Her most recent scholarly pro- ter false beliefs about the right- logical concepts, published 1997), ject is the study titled Anthropol- eousness of their neighbors. and a degree in Literature Studies ogy of Prejudice: Blood Libel Myths, [continued on page 10]

YIVO News Winter 2008 Who Will Write Our History? Samuel Kassow and Other Scholars Discuss the Power of The Ringelblum Archives

s those who experienced the Holocaust per- Using the zamler technique, which the YIVO had Asonally are aging and dying, the question of developed before the war for the collection of “Who Will Write Our History?” becomes ever materials reflecting life in the ghetto, the Oyneg more central in Jewish life. Shabbat group defied Nazi efforts to control the

historical narrative to be written after the war. The YIVO News On October 23, 2007, the YIVO Institute for Jew- Oyneg Shabbat materials represented all facets of ish Research hosted a discussion of this topic Jewish life in the Warsaw Ghetto, and included with three eminent scholars to analyze some of everything from candy wrappers to handwritten the most pertinent available archival materials diaries. Although only three of its 60 members for studying the Holocaust. Professor Samuel D. survived, a substantial amount of the material was Kassow, the Charles H. Northan Professor of His- dug up after the war and has provided posterity tory at Trinity College, Connecticut – and author with an intimate account of all facets of Jewish life of Who Will Write Our History: Emanuel Ringelblum in wartime Poland. and the Secret Ghetto Archive (Indiana University Press, 2007), provided the framework for the dis- Following upon this, Joanna B. Michlic, Associate cussion. Kassow described the dangerous work of Professor in the Department of History at Lehigh Emanuel Ringelblum and his clandestine organi- University, and most recently author of Poland’s zation, Oyneg Shabbat, to collect and hide primary Threatening Other: The Image of the Jew from 1880 and secondary materials portraying life in the to the Present (University of Nebraska Press, 2006) Warsaw Ghetto during the World War II. spoke about the importance of the eyewitness account collections available at the YIVO Archives. These collections, Michlic noted, reveal and help describe the variety of human experience during the Holocaust. She also emphasized the significance of the testimonies by women, a group whose voices might otherwise have been silenced.

Lastly, Dr. Robert Shapiro, Assistant Professor at Brooklyn College, CUNY, and most recently editor and English translator of Isaiah Trunk’s Lodz Ghetto: A History (Indiana University Press with the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2006), discussed various source materials available about the Lodz Ghetto and how important these are for Emanuel Ringelblum and his son Uri discovering the true histories of ghetto life.

The Otto Frank File Exhibition Travels to Adelphi University s a result of a generous invitation from Dr. Robert Scott, the Apresident of Adephi University, YIVO will present The Otto Frank File from the YIVO Institute Archives : Chronicling the Efforts of Anne Frank’s Father to Find Sanctuary in America in the Swirbul Library Gallery at the University from January 21 to February 18, 2008. Originally presented at YIVO in the spring of 2007, this exhibition, curated by Krysia Fisher, YIVO Curator and Senior Photo & Film Archivist, features the newly discovered documents from the Otto Frank file, as well as other material from the YIVO Archives pertaining to the Holocaust in the Netherlands. This will be the first YIVO exhibition to be presented on the Adelphi campus since the autumn of 1966.

Keeping Memory Alive at YIVO Nusakh Vilne Annual Yizker and Memorial Lecture Before World War II, Vilna was called “Yerushalayim her daughter Debby, and granddaughter Molly, “in d’Lita” (Jerusalem of Lithuania), as it was widely ac- honor of our friends who are no longer with us.” claimed amongst European Jews as a center of Torah learning and political activity, as well as for its thriv- Cantor Victor Wortman, son of Holocaust survi- ing Yiddish cultural life. War did not break the com- vors who serves the Bay Terrace Jewish Center in YIVO News munity’s spirit – life, learning and Yiddish culture con- Bayside, sang the memorial Hazkore. He also per- tinued to blossom even under occupation. However, on formed musical tributes throughout the ceremo- September 23, 1943, Jewish life in Vilna and its neigh- ny, accompanied by pianist David Levine. boring towns came to a an abrupt halt – the Vilna Keynote speaker Dr. Jack Jacobs, Professor of Politi- Ghetto was liquidated in its entirety and the majority cal Science at the City University of New York, de- of its Jews were murdered in either the forest of Ponar livered an address on the diversity of Jewish life in or in exterminiation camps. Vilna, as seen through the emergence of sport movements. Jacobs, a former visiting scholar at YIVO, expounded upon the ability of this microcosm to bind together in creating a nurturing and modern sports association, despite religious and political differences, for the good of the people in interwar Vilna. The keynote was followed by a musical in- terlude of songs of Vilna in Yiddish and English.

Moish Palevsky, son of past Nusakh Vilna president Shimon Palevsky and last year’s keynote speaker Khayele Palevsky, read a poem by Hirsch Glik, composer of the Partisan Song, “Let’s Be Si- lent,” written by the author while he was held in a camp in Estonia. The poignant poem invoked Esther Hautzig, daughter Debby and granddaughter Molly the emotions of its surroundings. Renee Abt fol- light the memorial candles. lowed with a recitation of the names of recently deceased Vilna landsleyt. n memory of the Jews of Vilna and the surround- Iing areas, YIVO hosted its third annual Nusakh Cantor Wortman took the stage once more to Vilna Yizker and Memorial Lecture on September lead the audience in memorial Hazkore and “Zog 23, 2007 - exactly 64 years to the day the ghetto Nit Kainmol” (Song of the Partisans). Ella Levine, was liquidated. This annual event, established to Director of Development and External Affairs for “celebrate the life of people in the ‘Jerusalem of YIVO, made closing remarks, reminding us of the Lithuania’” then commenced with a memorial importance of the next generation’s involvement candle lighting by Vilna survivor Esther Hautzig, to preserve the memory of Vilna and YIVO. Podbrodzer Memorial Plaque Dedicated at YIVO n Sunday, October 21, 2007 meters north of Vilna. It was a speaker Keith Weiser, Professor OYIVO hosted the dedica- favorite summer resort for the of Humanities at York University. tion of the Podbrodz Memorial Jews of Vilna, with a small year The lecture will focus on Vilna in Plaque. The plaque, donated by round Jewish population. Pod- 1939-1941, when Vilna changed Podbrodzer Progressive Benevo- brodz was one of the many Jew- hands repeatedly and members lent Association, was erected to ish towns decimated when the of YIVO debated the future of honor the memory of those who Nazis passed through it. Eastern European Jewry, Yiddish perished in the Holocaust. The culture, and who will occupy a dedication was well attended, Starting next year, YIVO will proposed Chair for Yiddish as by former Podbrodz residents as host a Podbrodzer Annual Me- catastrophe unfolded. Weiser is well as their children and grand- morial Lecture. The first, titledA a former Hertz Memorial Fellow children. Deal with the Devil?: the Chair for (“Noah Prylucki and the Folk- Yiddish at the University of Vilni- spartey [Populist Party] in Po- Podbrodz, now called Pabrade, us, will be held on Sunday, May land.”) at YIVO whose special area was a small town about 55 kilo- 5, 2008, and will feature guest of expertise is Political History.

YIVO News Winter 2008 YIVO and the Hoover Institution at Stanford University New YIVO Board Members Launch New Archival Exchange Neil Auerbach of New York City is the CEO of Program [continued from page 1] Hudson Capital Management, LLC, which he or- ganized in August 2006 to capture the growing There are many examples of topical conver- market opportunities in alternative energy. He gence between the collections in both archives, began his career as a lawyer in especially relating to the history of the Jews in 1984, specializing in taxation, Russia and Eastern Europe. The Hoover Insti- international joint ventures tution is among the leading repositories in the and leasing. Auerbach served in the United States Govern- YIVO News United States that hold records pertinent to ment, where he held several se- the social and political history of Russia and nior posts at the Internal Rev- Eastern Europe in the 19th and 20th centur- enue Service in Washington, ies. Many of these records pertain to Jewish D.C. from 1992 to 1994. Auerbach is also a board history as well. member of SEER, The Society for Energy & Envi- ronmental Review, a leading not-for-profit think tank focused on renewable energy chaired.

Maks Etingin of New York City has served at ORSID Realty, New York City’s leader in buying, selling, leasing and managing properties, where he serves as Chairman and Chief Executive Of- ficer. Etingin is actively involved in a variety of real estate roles, earning himself the real estate industry’s highest regarded designation of Certified Property Manager (CPM). His connection to YIVO is through his birthplace. “I The collections which are of special inter- was born in Wilno (Vilna) and est to YIVO pertain to topics such as Jews in as a teenager I ended up in the Russia during and after the First World War, Wilno Ghetto, from its first day to its destruction. Jewish participation in social and political By miracle we survived – my parents, brother and movements in the first decades of the 20th myself were hidden underground by a Pole.” The century, Jews in Nazi‑occupied Poland, Jew- Etingins subsequently left Vilna for Lodz, Poland, ish refugees in the Soviet Union during the then Sweden, and then came to New York. “For Second World War, Nazi anti-Jewish propa- the last fifty years I have built up a real estate com- ganda, among other subjects. At the present pany in New York,” Etingin noted. “I am honored time YIVO has presented the Hoover Archives to join YIVO as a member of the Board.” with a “shopping list” of collections, which it desires to photocopy for its microfilm library. Allan Gerson is the chairman of the Gerson Inter- The list includes selected papers of the Paster- national Law Group, a Washington, D.C. based nak family (Leonid and Boris), the World War firm specializing in public international law and II Polish General Wladyslaw Anders, the Pol- its interplay with complex litigation and political ish resistance fighter and scholar Jan Karski, support. He is widely recognized as a leader in the and records of the Nazi agency Gesamtverband battle for justice for those whose lives have been Deutscher Antikommunistischer Vereinigungen, torn apart by terrorism. Gerson grew up in New amongst others. York, attended New York Uni- versity Law School and Yale, By the same token, YIVO has much to offer where he earned his doctorate in certain fields in which the Hoover Archives in international law. He has may wish to add more titles to its holdings. served as a professor of inter- After the conclusion of this initial phase, YIVO national law at a number of in- will welcome the opportunity of hosting rep- stitutions and has lectured and resentatives from the Hoover Institution to written widely on the subject. acquaint them with the relevant collections His publications include The Price of Terror (Harp- in the YIVO Archives. erCollins, 2001; co-authored with Jerry Adler), Lawyers’ Ethics: Contemporary Dilemmas (1980), As the archivists from both institutions con- Israel, The West Bank and International Law (1978), tinue their contacts on the project’s progress, The Kirkpatrick Mission: Diplomacy Without Apol- it is anticipated that YIVO will receive the first ogy (1991), and Privatizing Peace: From Conflict to shipment of microfilms by year-end with the Security (2002). final shipment to be received in summer 2008.

2007 Jan Karski & First Harold Ostroff Awards at YIVO Pola Nirenska Prize at Excellence in Professional YIVO Awarded to Joanna Tokarska-Bakir Service and Leadership [continued from page 6]

Writing about the Jedwabne mas- sacre of the town’s Jews perpetrated by the local Poles in the summer of 1941, Tokarska argued against those YIVO News defenders of the perpetrators who are “obsessed with innocence” and thus unable to accept facts to the contrary.

The late Professor Jan Karski, the founder of the prize at YIVO, was the envoy of the Polish government-in-exile during World War II who brought to the West firsthand testimony about the conditions in the Warsaw Ghetto and in German (L-R) Yeshaya Metal, Maddy Braun (daughter of Harolfd Ostroff), and Leo Greenbaum death camps. The prize is also named in memory of Professor Karski’s late wo longtime YIVO staff members were chosen to wife, choreographer Pola Nirenska. Treceive the first Harold Ostroff Award, named in memory of the late YIVO trustee and activist. On August The Consulate General of Poland in 29, 2007, Public Service Librarian Yeshaya Metal and Ar- New York unveiled and dedicated a com- chivist Leo Greenbaum were honored with the “Harold memorative life-size statue of Jan Karski Ostroff Award of Excellence in Professional Service and (1914 – 2000) on November 1, 2007 in Leadership”, which included a $2,500 bonus for each front of their building, and the corner of honoree. Family members of the late YIVO trustee attend- Madison Avenue and 37th Street was ed, sharing refreshments and memories with everyone. designated as “Jan Karski Corner”.

NYANA Archives Coming to YIVO [continued from page 1]

Its creation had a lasting impact on the lives of (1949–1953). We had to ensure that this history in the thousands upon thousands of Jewish and non- all its particulars was saved.” Jewish immigrants who settled in New York over the following five decades.” In succeeding years NYANA assisted Jewish refugees from Greece (1955-1956), from Hungary (1956- For the first time in many years the NYANA re- 1958), from Egypt (1956-1960), from Romania cords will be reunited in one place, YIVO’s stor- (1961-1963), from Cuba (1961-1967), from the age annex in Newark, New Jersey, with costs cov- former Czechoslovakia (1968-1969), from Poland ered through a grant from NYANA. Mark J. Lazar, (1968-1972), and from Syria (1990s). Beginning in Chief Executive of the Lazar Consulting Group 1971, many of the Jewish refugees came from the and NYANA Interim CEO, thanked YIVO “for your Former Soviet Union. In addition to the specifi- efforts in making this possible. I am pleased and cally Jewish immigrants served and acculturated comforted to know that NYANA’s place in history by NYANA, the significant component of other will be preserved.” ethnic group refugee records, including those covering Cuban American, Southeast Asian refu- “The material in the NYANA papers touches first gees from Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos who left on the lives of individual immigrants and fami- after the fall of Saigon (c. 1975), and more recent- lies, giving a very personal accounting of the step ly, refugees from Tibet, add to the richness of the by step social, financial and vocation services of- ethnic tapestry represented. fered to the new citizens by NYANA,” noted Fruma Mohrer, Chief Archivist at YIVO. “Taking a larger “In an era in which immigration dominates the overview of the case files, along with the organiza- headlines, and the presidential debates,” Rheins tional and operational records, a much larger pic- noted, “the transfer of 500,000 case files and thou- ture can be constructed that traces several major sands of documents of administrative records is a population movements to America since World major endeavor that has the potential to touch War II, beginning with the original Jewish DPs us all.”

10 YIVO News Winter 2008 Rip-roar! The Klezmatics Live at YIVO n the evening of November 27, O2007, the Grammy Award-winning Klezmatics performed live to a sold-out house at YIVO.

In this Sidney Krum Annual Concert, The Klezmatics performed a series of materials drawn from the Max and Frieda Weinstein Archives of YIVO Sound Re- YIVO News cordings, as well as from their Grammy Award-winning album Wonder Wheel - Lyrics by Woody Guthrie and Woody Guthrie’s Joyous Hanukkah. Their music - at once unique, eclectic and irresistible - thrilled the audience with its enticing blend of world fusion and klezmer, and the explosive excitement continued long into the night. The Klezmatics

The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy A Critical Response to John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt ohn Mearsheimer and Stephen dinary Germans and the Holocaust authors, according to Goldberg, JWalt’s book, The Israel Lobby and an Affiliate of Harvard’s seemed to minimize the histor- and U.S. Foreign Policy, has gener- Minda de Gunzburg Center for ical existential threat to the State ated an enormous concern in the European Studies. of Israel, illustrating a “comically Jewish community. Recognizing one-sided” narrative of Israel’s the need to openly debate and cri- In their book, Mearsheimer, a relationship with its Arab neigh- tique such a controversial literary political scientist at the Uni- bors. Goldberg then proceeded work with far-reaching implica- versity of Chicago, and Walt, to discuss the book’s “hyper tions ricocheted among promin- a professor at the John F. Ken- focus” on journalists and aca- ent academics, writers and for- nedy School of Government demics such as himself, Daniel eign policy makers, YIVO’s Board at Harvard University, argue Goldhagen, and New Republic of Overseers hosted an evening to that a powerful pro-Israel lobby editor and YIVO National Board provide a rigorous focus on two has a far-reaching influence on Member Marty Peretz, while of the book’s key issues, the long American policy, one that places minimizing the influence that history of the debate over Jew- Americans at great risk. They U.S. politicians, such as George ish power and the role of AIPAC boldly credit the Israel lobby Bush, Dick Cheney, Karl Rove and other members of the “Israel with creating a belief system in and Donald Rumsfeld held on lobby” in American foreign and which Israel and its American Israeli foreign policy, particularly military policies. supporters wrongly perceive that in terms of the war on terror and the Arab world poses a real threat the war in Iraq. His final point al- The panel discussion, which and that Israel must be defended luded to the role that AIPAC and took place on November 5 to a with the blood and hardship of other pro-Israel activist organiza- packed audience, was moderated Americans, so that it may have a tions play in America’s relation- by Nicholas Lemann, Dean and free-hand over the Palestinians. ship with Israel, claiming that Henry R. Luce, Professor at the AIPAC does not have a hold on Columbia University Graduate Jeffrey Goldberg stated that Congress, but merely functions School of Journalism and in- Mearsheimer and Walt fabricat- like any other lobby group, such cluded speakers Jeffrey Goldberg, ed history by presenting Israel as as the NRA or AARP, refuting author of Prisoners - A Muslim & a morally bankrupt nation and Mearsheimer and Walt’s charac- A Jew Across The Middle East Div- an albatross around the neck of terization of AIPAC as a shaper ide and Washington correspond- the United States. He pointed of American policy and grave ent for The New Yorker, and Dan- out the logical inconsistencies, influencer that provoked the 911 iel Jonah Goldhagen, author, as well as the historical inaccur- Hitler’s Willing Executioners: Or- acies depicted in the book. The [continued on page 12]

11 Celebrating a Landmark YIVO Publication The YIVO Encyclopedia: A First Look IVO will celebrate publication of The YIVO YEncyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe by hold- ing a panel discussion of the monumental work on Tuesday, March 11, 2008 at 7:00 PM. The distinguished scholars on the panel will serve as “first readers” giving their reactionsHundert and thoughts about the work and its potential impact K?< J P@MF

Confirmed panelists include novelist AllegraP Goodman, author of Intuition and Kaaterskill Falls; :CFG<;@8F Marsha Rozenblit, the Harvey M. Meyerhoff Pro- K?<P@MF fessor of Jewish History at the University of Mary- =

YIVO Encyclopedia tor in Chief Gershon Hundert, professor of history and chair of the Department of Jewish Studies at McGill University, will lead the panel and give a Eastern Europe response to the panelists’ remarks. MFCLD<( This two-volume encyclopedia contains original,ABEL–MIG R up-to-date contributions from an international Gershon David Hundert MFCLD<( team of 450 distinguished scholars. Its geographi- E DIT O R I N C HI E F cal scope covers the region between Germany and the Ural Mountains, and north of the Balkans, from which more than 2.5 million Jews emigrated to the United States between 1870 and 1920. The encyclopedia’s publisher, Yale University Press, de- Copies of The YIVO Encyclopedia will be available scribes the work as “Engaging, wide-ranging, and for sale for $400 per set in the Center Bookstore. authoritative, ... a rich and essential reference for “The YIVO Encyclopedia: A First Look” is free to readers with interests in Jewish studies and East- the public but reservations are required. Reserve ern European history and culture.” your tickets at the Box Office: 917-606-8200.

A Critical Response to John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt [continued from page 11]

terrorist attacks, the Al Qaeda war, and decision nam with thousands of troops placed on foreign to invade Iraq. Goldberg also pointed out that he soil. In fact, today there are still 37,000 US troops has not been an ardent supporter of AIPAC, but stationed in South Korea, even though its econ- felt strongly that the book falsely and dangerous- omy is stronger than that of North Korea. “So why ly depicted its role in US foreign policy making. defend South Korea from a presumed threat, and blatantly state that Israel is not in any real dan- Daniel Goldhagen then described the Mearshei- ger?” asks Goldhagen. The book portrays the Israel mer/Walt book as antisemitic in which Israel and Lobby as a conspiracy, one that controls the lever the Israel Lobby are portrayed as “sinister.” He of power, one in which the Jews control the media. pointed out that Bush, Cheney, Rumsfield, and In the book, all blame is continually directed at Rove are mere “shadowy” figures in the book, with the Jews, and the Israel Lobby. He concluded by selective focus on Israel and the Israel Lobby as the reflecting on the falsehood that portrayed the true architects of American foreign policy making. powerful cunning of this lobby in a role, which The book provides no account on why Tony Blair managed somehow to deceive and manipulate all took the same position as George W. Bush on the the U.S. presidents since its inception. war on terror and the war in Iraq. Goldhagen asked “does this book provoke Antisemitism?” – the an- Goldhagen, Goldberg and Lemann unilaterally swer is emphatically “yes.” Other false claims dis- agreed that Mearsheimer and Walt presented a pelled by Goldhagen include the falsehood that one-sided version of Israel and Middle East history the US since 1967 has supported Israel more than by manufacturing fictional arguments for the sole any other foreign nation – completely eliminating purpose of supporting and furthering antisemit- the U.S. support of South Korea and South Viet- ism throughout the United States and the world.

12 YIVO News Winter 2008 Uriel Weinreich Summer Program 2007

n 2007, the Summer Program sociated with it. But even those ed to continue studying Yiddish Icelebrated its fortieth year. whose interest is purely practical because I had become enchanted Forty-six students, divided among in the beginning are bound to with the literature.” four classes, completed the six- fall in love with the subject. week intensive course. Among Dr. Paul (Hershl) Glasser, Associ- the participants were graduate This is true both of students who ate Dean of the Max Weinreich students, professors, musicians, have Yiddish in their family Center, comments, “After the and librarians. background and those who do success the past two years of not. One of our students writes, our courses in reading advanced Here is some of what our stu- “I was first introduced to Yiddish texts, in reading manuscripts dents had to say about the 2007 less than a year ago. After the and in bibliographic research, edition of the Uriel Weinreich introductory class ended, I want- we will be expanding our course Program in Yiddish Language, offerings geared to researchers Literature and Culture: in 2008.“ YIVO also had a record year in raising scholarship “This has been so much more than a funds for students in 2007, total- summer language course. It has been ing over $125,000, for a 50% amazing to learn about the vitality of increase over the previous year. the pre-war Yiddish community. And Encouraged by these figures the classes have allowed me to at- Glasser concludes, “We look for-

tempt to speak with my grandparents ward to another successful year Max Weinreich Center in Yiddish for the first time. The ex- in 2008!” perience has meant a lot to me both professionally and personally.” For information on the Uriel Weinreich Program 2008, please see : http://www.nyu.edu/fas/summer/yivo “My grandparents grew up in Yiddish- land. I wanted to study in the YIVO summer program because I had a strong wish to make Yiddish culture a Max Weinreich Center Lectures and Classes 2008 part of my life. I leave the course with curiosity and a will to go deeper.” Lectures [in English] Classes u Thursday, February 7, 2008 • 7:00 PM u Wednesdays, Feb. 13, 20 & 27, 2008 “The whole experience has proved to Workmen’s Circle / Patt Memorial Lecture 7:00-8:30 PM (3 sessions) be one of the happiest times of my Lucy S. Dawidowicz: $90 / $75 YIVO members life. You have made it possible for An American in Vilna, 1938 Jewish Life and Food (in Yiddish) me to be part of an amazing trad- Nancy Sinkoff (Rutgers University) Eve Jochnowitz (NYU) ition – something that has given me a u Monday, March 3, 2008 • 7:00 PM u Wednesdays, Mar. 12, 19 & 26, 2008 greater understanding of the cultural Hertz Memorial Lecture 7:00-8:30 PM (3 sessions) wealth of the Jewish world.” The Jewish Families of 16 $90 / $75 YIVO members Ujazdowskie Avenue: Assimilation Treasures of the YIVO Sound Archives As our students’ comments make (in English) and the Jews of Warsaw Lorin Sklamberg (YIVO Sound Archives) clear, the Summer Program at- after the Second World War tracts participants for a variety Karen Auerbach (Brandeis University) u Tuesdays, Feb. 12, 19 & 26; Mar. 4, 11 of reasons. In fact, it is probably & 18; Apr. 1, 8, 15 & 29, 2008 u Wednesday, April 30, 2008 • 7:00 PM 6:45-8:15 PM (10 sessions) unusual for someone to study Drench Memorial Lecture $225 / $200 YIVO members Yiddish for only one reason. Patriots and Pacifists: American Advanced Yiddish: Written Style Many people come to Yiddish Jewish Women and the Peace (in Yiddish) for practical reasons, such as Movement Between the Wars Hershl Glasser (YIVO) Melissa Klapper (Rowan University) research interests: for example, All three courses : in this year’s class, there was a u Thursday, May 15, 2008 • 7:00 PM $365 / $315 YIVO members Ph.D. candidate researching the Abramowicz Memorial Lecture The History of OZE Students must preregister Jewish labor movement, another Rakefet Zalashik (New York University) For registration, please complete the and mail it [ז ] one studying American Yiddish form on Yiddish page u along with your payment to: YIVO literature, a third interested in Wednesday, May 28, 2008 • 7:00 PM Institute, 15 West 16th Street, New Yiddish linguistics, a fourth in Tell Memorial Lecture Experiences of the Elderly York, NY 10011-6301, Attn: Courses. modern Jewish history, a fifth in the Vilna Ghetto For more information, call 212.294.6139 in Latin American Jewish stud- Elizabeth Strauss (Notre Dame University) Refund Policy : For minicourses, no refunds af- ies, a sixth in Jewish folklore. a ter the first class. For full-length courses, a $35 seventh in German Jewish litera- For reservations, administrative fee will be deducted from re- please call 917.606.8200 funds of students who withdraw before the sec- ture, an eighth in Israeli litera- ond class; no refunds after the second class. ture. Others come out of love for Limited space - apply soon! the language and the culture as-

13 Rare Children’s Book by Perets Markish Discovered in the Bund Collection One recently found rare edition When Syomke finally meets his ibrary is a children’s book by the So- mother’s friend, a mariner, and

L viet Yiddish poet Perets Markish: tells him his story, it is the be- Shtelt aykh for un molt aykh oys! ginning of a much happier life (Just Think and Just Imagine!), for the young boy. Syomke gets an illustrated children’s poem, a new home, starts school, and published in Moscow in 1936 by dreams of becoming a captain. the “Emes” Publishing House. This book is mentioned in the Beautifully illustrated by the art- comprehensive bibliography Jew- ist A. Korotkin, the expressive ish Publications in the Soviet Union: paintings in a muted palette of 1917-1960, by Y.Y. Cohen (Jeru- gray, black, blue and white, re- salem, 1961). It is very possible produce important moments in that the bibliographer derived in- Syomke’s adventures. formation on the book from the catalogs of the publishing house, Perets Markish (1895-1952) at- never having seen the book, and tended kheyder as a child and re- that YIVO may today have the ceived a traditional Jewish educa- The boy Syomke arrives in the city of sole surviving copy. tion. In the early 1920s, together Leningrad from the Khabno shtetl. with Leyb Kvitko and others, he hile computerizing the Markish’s poem tells the story of founded a group of Yiddish writ- WYIVO Bund collection cat- Syomke, a fatherless seven-year- ers in Kiev. Markish wrote nu- alog in 1992, made possible by old boy from Khabno, a shtetl merous poems, plays and novels, a grant from the Mellon Foun- near Kiev. When Syomke’s moth- and fellow poet Anna Akhmato- dation, many extremely rare or er dies, the orphaned boy flees va translated some of his works unique editions have been iden- to Leningrad, where he knows into Russian. Markish was a tified. Apart from materials as- a friend of his mother lives. In member of the Jewish Anti-Fas- sociated with political activities Syomke’s dream, Leningrad sym- cist Committee. Together with of the Bund, there are also books bolizes the beginning of a new a number of other Yiddish writ- on the history of the Jews, as well life. Although the city seems over- ers and intellectuals, by order of as world and Jewish philosophy, whelming to him, he has no fear. Josef Stalin he was executed on periodicals, literary collections, He meets a military brass band August 12, 1952, the “Night of children’s books, and much on the street and follows the mu- the Murdered Poets”. more. Within this rich collection sicians to the marina. The view YIVO’s Bund Book Collection is now is a substantial representation of of the harbor takes his breath a part of the OCLC (Online Com- pamphlets published in the So- away. “Just think, just imagine!” puter Library Center) comprehensive viet Union before World War II. Syomke keeps saying to himself. online catalog that reflects holdings from all major research libraries in the United States and around the world. The online catalog can be ac- Mame Lushn is Alive and Well cessed at www.worldcat.org. in the Kindergartens of Jerusalem At the marina Syomke he library has recently ac- to make a musical and technical sees a huge ship Tquired three new tape cas- treat. Three illustrated full-color docked in settes of children songs in booklets by Gitl Turchin, which the harbor. Yiddish. Entitled Mame Lushn/ include all the Yiddish lyrics, sup- Mother Tongue, the first cassette plement the cassettes. includes songs about the high holidays; the second features Ha- The person responsible for nukkah songs and prayers; and these recordings is Sara Hoff- the third is devoted to the Sab- man, a nursery school teacher bath. The songs are performed in Jerusalem, who wrote all the in beautiful Yiddish by a boys songs. She comes from a family choir from London, which is ac- of Vizhnitz Hassidim originally companied by rich instrumen- from Bratislava or Pressburg. tal arrangements. The lyrics, the Hoffman, as a teacher in Yiddish- tunes, and the singing combine [continued on page 16]

14 YIVO News Winter 2008 From the YIVO Music Archives Palestine in Song

Shoyn toyznter yorn, For thousands of years (right) Hert men dos klogn fun yid, The lament of the Jew is heard Zion Songs: Hatikvoh and Dort Vayl er hot nit keyn heym. Because he has no home, wu die Zeder Dayn heym vestu krign - You will get your home, S. Schenker [New York : c.1910] nemt men tsuzogn, they promise him, (left) Nor keyn mol vert gornit fun dem. But nothing comes of it. Song with words by A shlos oyfgehangen oyf undzer tir, They hung a lock on our door, Samuel H. Borofsky, music by Henry A. Zey art nit dem yidishn payn, They don’t care Russotto, dedicated to Tserisn muz vern dos vayse papir, about Jewish anguish, Louis D. Brandeis, Esq. [Boston : c.1924] In der fremd viln mir mer nit zayn. The White Paper Habeyt mishomayim ureey, must be torn, n light of the approaching 60th anniversary of Is- Groyser got kuk arop un ze, We don’t want to be away Irael, the songs excerpted here from the music sheets Vi men yogt undz, vi men plogt undz from our home anymore. collection in the YIVO Music Archives illustrate the Got, her oys undzer geshrey. feelings expressed in the songs at various periods of the Yishuv’s history. The songs were often manifest in Efnt di tir fun undzer heym! Open the door of our home! Yiddish plays and operettas from the very beginnings Mir hobn shoyn fun lang We have the right to it. of Yiddish theater and throughout its duration. In the a rekht oyf dem, Enough of being early works by Abraham Goldfaden in the 1880s, the Genug gekoylet un geshosn, slaughtered and shot, theme of rebuilding the land is heard in his operetta Genug shoyn undzer blut fargosn, Enough spilling our blood, Bar Kokhba: “The time has come to renew the land, Vos shvaygt di velt, Why is the world silent free the land!” In the 1890s, Goldfaden would sing of un iz nit kegn dem. and is not opposed, his longing for Zion: S’iz undzer erd un taykh, It is our earth and river, our clay, undzer leym, But foreign people rule it, Oy, tsien, tsien, du heylik land, Oh Zion, you holy land, Balabateven gor fremde iber dem. The time of silence Vi tayer bistu bay mir, How dear you are to me! Di tsayt fun shvaygn iz fargangen, has passed, We don’t ask, Fargesn zol ikh in mayn rekhter hant, May I forget my right hand, Mir betn nit, nor mir farlangen: but we demand: Oyb ikh vel fargesn in dir… If I forget you… Efnt oyf di tir fun undzer heym! Open the door of our home! Oy, vi benk ikh azoy, Oh, how I long for you, Nokh dir, heylike land… holy land… In 1948, when the State of Israel was proclaimed there was heard a paean of joyful jubilation for the newly created Translation : Barnett Zumoff homeland celebrated in this song by Aaron Lebedeff:

In 1904 a song favorite was the call to the Jew, Yisrolik, Yisroel, yisroel, Israel, Israel, to come home to his land and be a nation equal to du mayn heylik land yisrol, my holy land Israel, other nations: Yisroel, yisroel, Israel, Israel, du mayn eygn land yisrol, my own land, Israel. Zog mir, yidl, bruder mayn, Tell me, little Jew, my brother, Far dir, heym du mayn, For you, my home Gib mir tsu derklern, Let me understand, Far dir, land du mayn, For you, my land Ven vet der sof fun goles zayn, When will there be an end Iz keyn zakh nit tayer, Nothing is difficult, Der sof fun blut un trern, To the exile, an end to In vaser un fayer I am ready to go Es git dokh yeder tsu bloodshed and tears? Bin ikh greyt tsu geyn far dir. In water and fire for you. Az aza folk vi du Everyone agrees that a people Iz vert az men zol akhtn, Like you deserves respect, Yisroel, yisroel, Israel, Israel, Dir gebn tsurik, The return to you Du vest lebn, du vest blien, You will live, you will flourish, Dayn land un dayn glik, Of your land and happiness, Yisroel, yisroel, Israel, Israel, Dikh far a folk batrakhtn… And to consider you a nation. Am yisroel khay! The people of Israel lives!

Oy, kum, Yisrolik, kum aheym, Come, little Jew, come home Host, mayn folk, genug gelitn My folk, you have suffered enough Kum in dayn sheynem land in dem, Come to your beautiful land. In dayn lebn shpot un shand, Shame and derision, Nu, kum zhe shnel un kler Come quickly Iberal geven a fremder You were a stranger everywhere, keyn sakh, And don’t hesitate, On a heym un on a land. Without a home or a land. Un zay a folk mit And be a nation Yetst bistu shoyn mer Now you are no longer a stranger, felker glaykh, Equal to other nations. keyn fremder, Nations have recognized you. Yisrolik, tate, Dear little Jew, Felker hobn dikh onerkent, You have your own state, shneler kum aheym Come home quickly. Host an eygene mlukhe, And Chaim Weizmann Un Chaim Vaytsman prezident. is the president. Words : Louis Gilrod - Music : David Meyerowitz In 1946 there arose the call to open the door of the Later songs expressed the wonders of the new land, of water- homeland, reflected in this song with words by Jacob ing the sands of the desert, of providing wheat and rye for all, Jacobs and Isadore Lilian and music by Abe Ellstein: of being, as in biblical times, the land of milk and honey.

15 The Max and Frieda Weinstein Sound Archives Acquires Edison Diamond Discs ver the past several years the YIVO Sound Ar- of the smaller groove size inherent in his record- Ochives has received donations of ten Edison ing process, Edison was able to offer, in some cases,

rchives Diamond Discs (20 selections) containing Ashke- longer performances on his discs than his rivals. nazic materials, a first since the Weinstein Archives A was established over twenty years ago. The physical appearance of the discs is also distinc- tive – they are ¼-inch thick and, originally, had “These rare treasures give us a more complete pic- a hard-to-read label etched into to the black resin ture of what was commercially recorded in the along with the grooves (later replaced by pasted-on early part of the 20th century and preserve perfor- paper labels, as reproduced here). Additionally, Ed- mances of repertoire, in some cases, not otherwise ison’s sales department instituted a policy of mark- recorded by a given artist,” noted Lorin Sklam- ing what they considered “low-selling” sides with berg, YIVO Sound Archivist. a red star, thus warning dealers to be con- Sound servative in estimating the numbers The discs feature a good represen- they ordered to sell. Virtually all tation of the various genres of the Diamond Discs in YIVO’s Jewish music popular with the possession have red stars. American record-buying public of the era (1918-1923) According to Richard K. - cantorials, Yiddish theater Spottswood’s Ethnic Music songs, comedy and “dia- on Records: A Discography lect” sketches and klezmer. of Ethnic Recordings Pro- Artists range from Cantors duced in the United States, 1893-1942, Edison record- Mayer Kanewsky and Josef ed and released about 175 Shlisky, to stage luminar- Jewish pieces on cylinder ies Louis Friedsell, Regina and on disc. Prager, Sam Silverbush and Sadie Wachtel, to vaudevillian “Given his apparent dislike of Julian Rose and bandleader I.J. most music and performers, it’s Hochman’s Yiddisher Orchester. amazing that his company waxed even that much Jewish material,” Thomas Edison developed the Diamond quipped Sklamberg. “Nevertheless, what we Discs as an answer to the failing sales of his com- do have amounts to basically unknown, fairly pristine, mercial cylinders in relation to the much more ‘live’ sound documents by some of our Yiddish greats, successful discs of such American companies as which have been unheard for some ninety years.” Columbia and Victor. The Edison discs, like his cylinders and unlike other commercial issues, were These valuable additions to the Institute’s sound engraved using the “hill-and-dale,” or vertical cut holdings begin to fill a large gap in YIVO’s collection system, as opposed to the side-to-side, or lateral of 78rpm recordings. It is hoped that in time more method. These discs were playable only on a spe- will turn up, but for now these ten Edison Diamond cial machine equipped with a permanent diamond Discs are available to researchers at the Max and Frie- stylus (hence the name Diamond Discs). Because da Weinstein Archives of YIVO Sound Recordings.

Image : Label of Yente Telebende kojft a record/Comic Sketch - Recording of Sam Silverbush & Co. (9063), Edison Laboratories Mame Lushn is Alive and Well in the Kindergartens of Jerusalem [continued from page 14] speaking kindergartens, discovered surprised by the enthusiastic feedback that not enough suitable material for she had received from all over the the children existed, she determined world. While those compliments have to write her own songs. Afterwards she not helped her recoup her financial in- realized that her songs could educate vestment, they have given her encour- and delight other Jewish children and agement to continue the project, and their parents, so she decided to record to create songs for Passover. and produce her songs on a semi-commercial basis. The Mame Lushn cassettes can be heard at the YIVO Library. During a telephone call from Jerusa- Cover of the “Heyliker Shabes/ lem, Hoffman admitted that she was Holy Sabbath” booklet. 16 YIVO News Winter 2008 New Accessions to the YIVO Archives

HISTORY u Esther Rechtschafner donated her research papers, including her history of the Jewish

community in Rezekne, Latvia. rchives u Ruth Levine donated her interview of fel- A low YIVO National Board member Solomon (Shloyme) Krystal concerning his experiences as a staff member of the Medem Sanitarium in prewar Poland. u James Jonas Bassin donated the papers of his brother, the criminologist Dr. Alexander Bassin. u Estelle Friedman gave a tape of her husband, Izhak Elitzur, reminiscing about his childhood in Eastern Europe and experiences later as a leader of the Irgun. u Fred Kesselman donated the autobiography of his grandfather, Sam Kesselman. u Eileen Pagan gave letters and autobiographic Goldie and Marty Barish photograph notebooks from her father-in-law, autographed for actress Tillie Rabinowitz Nathan Russak. Donor: Robert S. Menser u Sydel Sherman donated a tape of Sam Cohen reminiscing about his life in Russia before 1920. u Fay and Marvin Itzkowitz donated materials on Yiddish secular schools in the United States. u The Congress for Jewish Culture provided historical records of the Jewish Labor Bund office u Sonya Hoover Weiss donated the papers of her in New York. husband, Congressman Ted Weiss, a Democrat who represented the West Side of Manhattan. u The Workmen’s Circle has donated a portion The 140 banker’s boxes also include docu- of its administrative records. Dena Wechter, ments relating to his service as a city council- Jeanette and David Meyers (minutes of Branch man (see page 18). 519, Chicago) and by Dr. Gail Malmgreen (charter of Branch 502E, a.k.a. the Victory u Florence M. Horn donated several hundred Branch), donated related materials. video and audio tapes, made by her, of various Jewish events and conferences, which took u The New York Association for New Americans place in the 1980s and 1990s in New York. (NYANA) delivered the first installment of its records (see page 1), which include adminis- u Historical materials were also donated by trative files, case histories, hundreds of photo- Brian Biller, George Birman, Avi Dubnikoff, graphs, and video and audio tapes. Estelle Guzik, Eiran Harris, B. D. Kerrick (estate of Dr. Albert Latucha), Pearl E. Manne, Dr. Karen Rosenberg, National Board member Dr. Arnold Richards, Lawrence Rothbaum, Dr. Michael Schmidman, Paul R. Sklar and Bobbi and Michael Zylberman.

Landsmanshaft and family documents u Debbie Portnoy donated congregational records from the Astoria Center of Israel, in Queens, New York.

u Paul Nash gave materials from the Piotrkow Trybunalski landsmanshaft in Israel. Set of Hebrew alphabet blocks made by Benjamin Delegator (Cincinnati, Ohio 1948). Donor: Hope M. Luxemberg [continued on folloing page] 17 New Accessions Congressman Ted Weiss to the YIVO Archives ongressman Ted Weiss (September 17, [continued from previous page] C1927 - September 14, 1992) was one of the most progressive legislators in the history of u Dr. Henry Kaminer (with the assistance of the United States Congress. Thanks to his wid- Roberta Newman) gave the records of the

rchives ow, Sonya Hoover Weiss, his papers, compris- Amdurer Benevolent Society. ing 140 banker’s boxes were recently donated u

A Family documents also were donated by to the YIVO Archives. Esther Sherman Arlan, Kalia H. Bokser, Dr. Born in Gava, Hungary, The- David Copell, Miriam Dolin, Miriam Gold- odore S. Weiss came to the stein, Hillel Himmel, D. J. Jaffe, Dr. Arnold United States in 1938. After M. Katz, Bea Kornblatt, Justin Loe, Florence serving in the United States Siegel Lotker, Jane Prawda and Ruth Sall. Army (1946-1947), he trained as a lawyer and was admitted to the New York Bar in 1953, Holocaust the same year he became a nat- Ted Weiss u Arthur Rath donated a lengthy unsigned uralized citizen. In 1962 was report on the liquidation of the Warsaw elected to the New York City Council (1962- Ghetto, by a contemporary non-Jew sympa- 1977). From the City Council he went on to be thetic to the plight of the Jews. elected to a seat in the United States House of Representatives in 1977, where he represented u Bernard Gotfryd donated a seven-page the West Side of Manhattan as a Democrat. He memorandum dating from 1943, from Ar- served there until his death in 1992. thur Seyss-Inquart (1892-1946) to Heinrich Himmler (1900-1945), in which he discusses The Ted Weiss Papers cover his time as a City the course of the war. Gotfryd also donated Councilman, as well as his many years in the other Holocaust-related documents. United States Congress. Included in the collection are working papers, investigative notes, u Trudy Kaufman donated (via Sara Gruen- logbooks, staff expenditures, biographical mate- specht) a 1941 cable to the Cuban Consul rials, and official and personal correspondence. in Bilbao that contains a list of Jews with Cuban tourist visas seeking to enter Cuba. Former Mayor and Congressman Edward I. Koch called Weiss “the conscience” of the u Beate Becker donated a series of reports House. Weiss sometimes cast the lone dissent- dated 1938-1939 from the Jewish Central ing vote. He was a pioneer in addressing such Information Office, the predecessor of the issues as funding for AIDS research and preven- Wiener Library, concerning the situation tion, gay and lesbian rights, and compensation of Jewish communities under German and to veterans exposed to Agent Orange. Japanese control.

Weiss was also defined by what he opposed: u Jackie Stringham donated American docu- such local mega-projects as the Staten Island ments and photographs relating to the Home Port, and the Westway highway plan. Nuremberg trials. On the national level he was a critical figure in opposition to the invasion of Granada (1983), u David Weiss gave the autobiography of Pro- to the expansion of Presidential powers dur- fessor Ernest Sanders, in which he discusses ing the first Persian Gulf War (1990) and many growing up in Germany and how he es- other issues. His broad legislative concerns also caped from there in 1941. included Middle East policy, civil rights, women’s rights, consumer rights, nuclear safety, and • David P. Stern donated the papers of Minna the arts, as well as censorship. Stein Paechter, his grandmother, on whose recipes the “Terezin Cookbook” was based. Despite his untimely death, Weiss was posthu- His gift also included family trees and a his- mously reelected by an overwhelming margin. tory of the Jewish community of Bodenbach The federal office building located at 290 Broad- (now in the Czech Republic). way in Lower Manhattan has been named in his honor. • Barbara Brocchini donated the papers of her father, Roman Blit, who served as the liaison Researchers and scholars will be able will be between the Polish Socialist Party and the able to examine materials having to do with all Jewish Labor Bund in New York during the issues that Weiss fought for and against in World War II. this unique collection now housed in the YIVO Archives. • Isaac Arbus, Ilya Bronstin and Laura Ludwig also gave Holocaust-related materials.

18 YIVO News Winter 2008 literature, language u The Leo Baeck Institute donated the original multi-page proposal by Prof. Nathan Susskind and folklore to create the Great Dictionary of the Yiddish Language, four volumes of which have been u Miriam Hoffman donated the papers of Vera published. Hacken, a Yiddish poet who was born in Chernivtsi (then Romania) in 1912, and later u Irene Schomberg gave a Haggadah, published settled in the United States in 1951. in 1804 in Fürth, Germany, that features a full Judeo-German translation. rchives u Rabbi Steven and Judy Moss donated the papers of Rabbi Zev Wolf Turbowitz (1840-1922), u Hart Weichselbaum provided a tape of his A Rabbi Moss’s great-great grandfather. The grandfather, Sam, recounting tales about fifteen bound quarto volumes of manuscripts Chelm, as well as a tape of his grandmother, consist mostly of his commentaries on the Goldie Clayman, singing Yiddish folksongs. Shulhan Aruch. u Jerome Turk donated a Yiddish rhyming folk u Ruth Dropkin provided supplementary materi- poem about Hanukkah. als to the papers of Yiddish poet Celia Dropkin. u Steven K. Baum donated a revised version of u Judith Marie Fiehler donated the papers of his essay about anti-Semitic motifs in Eastern poet Michal Flach (Michael J. Flack), a survi- and Central European folklore. vor of Terezin, who wrote in both Czech and English. u Hilda Jacobowits donated the papers of Stefan theatre materials S. Jakobowicz, the model for the character u Florence and Irving Waksberg gave a Russian Jacobowski in the Franz Werfel/S. N. Beh- translation, by M. Piekarski and H. Waksberg, rman story/play/film, titledJacobowski and the of The Eternal Wanderer, a Yiddish play by Osip Colonel. Dymov. u Letters from Yiddish writers were given by Fay u Robert S. Menser donated the papers of Tillie Hocky (letter from Avrum Reisen), Ido Basok Rabinowitz, a Yiddish actress who performed (Kadye Molodowski to the the donor’s father, in The Light Ahead, and in several other Ameri- the Hebrew writer Moshe Basok), Emil Corwin can Yiddish films. (Isaac Goldberg, author of The Spirit of Yiddish Literature), Dr. Michael F. Marmor (Kalmen u Paul C. Leavitt, who played Yegor in the Yid- Marmor) and Masha Leon (Max Weinreich, dish Art Theatre’s adaptation of I. J. Singer’s The Dina Abramowicz). Family Carnovsky, donated his papers. u Etta Norton donated two letters written to the donor’s mother, Shirley Cohen, by Molly Picon.

u The papers of Moishe Haar (1898-1966) were donated by his wife, Molly Haar (via Adam J. Sacks).

u Krysia Fisher, Detlef Hutschenreuter, the actress Zohra Lampert, Guido Massino, and Prof. Edna Nahshon gave documents relating to the Yiddish theater.

u Fritz Neubauer donated his study of the Moses Horowitz Yiddish troupe in Vienna in 1880.

music and recordings u Peninah Schram, storyteller and educator, donated audiotapes of her wedding, at which Abe Ellstein and Dave Tarras performed.

u Jill Gellerman-Pandey donated four DVDs, with additional notes, transferred from her videotapes of Chassidic weddings and wedding Commemorative plate marking the May 14, 1948 establishment dances she had previously deposited with her of the State of Israel, designed by Norman Trought papers in the YIVO Archives. Donor : P. T. Klein

[continued on folloing page]

19 New Accessions to the YIVO Archives [continued from previous page]

u Hannah Abrahamson, Isabel Belarsky, Elise u The Society for the Advancement of Judaism Fischer, Henry Frank (in memory of his has donated a series of etched plates on Jewish mother, Sally Litovsky Frank), Rose Friedman, themes made by Lionel Reiss (1894-1987). Deborah Kaufman Kirschner, Isaac Levine and u Alan Pensler donated (via Zachary Schulman) rchives Dr. Samuel Teicher donated sheet music. additional documents to the papers of the

A u Recordings were donated by Barbara Cana- painter Abraham Manevich (1881-1942). van, YIVO National Board Member Solomon (Shloyme) Krystal, Ed Linderman, YIVO Na- u Eric Breitbart donated a metal bar bent double tional Board Member Chava Lapin, Adele and by Zishe Breitbart, the legendary strongman of Sheldon Levine, Joye Palmer, Carl Rheins, and interwar Poland. Elaine and David Wolpin. u Objects and art-related materials were donated u Elizabeth G. Salkov gave rare recordings of by Aviva Astrinsky, Oscar Berland, Fundacja Cantor Albert Salkov, and Mindy and Ken Judaica of Krakow, Galerija Prano Domsaicio Sosne donated over two hundred 78-rpm and in Klaipeda, Irving Goldstein, Edward Portnoy LP recordings of Jewish music. and Dr. Carl Rheins (Chiune Sugihara medal issued by the Republic of Lithuania).

art materials and objects u Judith F. Brower donated a monumental stone photographs, postcards bust by the sculptor Minna Harkavy (1906- and films 2007). u Hope M. Luxemberg donated a set of 120 u Alice M. Sandler donated an 1868 faience fine stereoscopic photographs of Palestine, dating Sarreguines plate with an anti-Semitic motif. from the late nineteenth century.

u Pamela Trought donated (via Susan Wood- u Evgenii Lendon made and donated (via Fay land) a plate with an Israel map motif, design- and Julian Bussgang), the first positive prints ed in 1948 by her father, Norman Trought. of the glass negatives, which he discovered while working at the Lviv Historical Museum u Lewis and Mildred Weisblatt made a donation, in Ukraine. The approximately 150 images of in memory of Rickel Sazer Hackman Weisblatt, Lemberg/Lviv/ Lvov date from before World of a micrographic (15” x 18”) portrait of Jacob War I. Gordin, created in 1909 by L. Rotblat. u Carol Rick donated a set of postcards of Lem- berg/Lviv/Lvov, circa World War I.

u Sharon Girard and Delia Gottlieb also donated antique postcards with Jewish motifs.

u Fred Howard donated (via Naomi Gates- Monasch) a DVD copy of “The Ritchie Boys”, and Milton Silverstein gave a copy of “The Golden Age of Second Avenue” on DVD.

u The following individuals also made donations of photographs: Edward Colker (a photograph of the donor with Abraham Sutzkever); Eliezer Greisdorf (photographs of the donor with Szmerke Kaczerginski); T. Jour (recent photographs of the Jewish cemetery in Zagare, Lithuania); Isidor Levin (a photograph of Lazar Gulkowicz, who headed the Institute for Jewish Studies in Tartu and was murdered by the Nazis): Majus Nowogrodzki (photographs of Norman Thomas, as well as of Bund graves in Lodz); Lionel Sharpe (a photograph of the Jagiellonian Street CYSHO Yiddish secular Photograpgh of singer Eddie Cantor school in Warsaw); and Dorothy Sucher (re- enscribed in 1934 “To the Sons of Israel” cent photographs of the fortress synagogue in Donor : Debby Portnoy Bobruisk, Belarus).

20 YIVO News Winter 2008 YIVO in History

Yedies in History Issue 22, September 1947, reports on three diaries had survived the liquidation of the Ghetto and the that had just been received by the archives: Zelig deaths of their authors at the hands of the Germans Kalmanovitch’s and Herman Kruk’s diaries in the in 1944 in Estonia. The Kruk diary was published in Vilna Ghetto, as well as Theodor Herzl’s diary from the original Yiddish by YIVO in 1961 and in Eng- 1882 to 1887. This is just a small sample of the trea- lish translation by YIVO and Yale University Press sures to be found in YIVO. This portion of Herzl’s di- in 2002; excerpts from Kalmanovitch’s diary were ary had been purchased for YIVO in 1930 by the late published in the original Hebrew and in Yiddish Zalmen Reisin; Kalmanovitch’s and Kruk’s diaries translation in YIVO-bleter, new series, vol. III (1997).

21 Planning for the Present, Providing for the Future YIVO Gaon Society Meets

Gaon Society members and their special guests attend- uments and records of Eastern European Jewish culture, ed a private tour of the YIVO exhibit, “Bigger Than Life: surpassing even the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum The Boundless Genius of Yiddish Theater”. The luncheon in total number of documents. He also brought everyone gathering on September 24 was exceptionally interest- up to date on the encyclopedia, which is quickly becoming since it was personally presented by the curator of ing recognized as the most important historical work of the exhibit, Krysia Fisher, and there were many smiles the Jewish community in the 21st century. and nostalgic sighs from those who had actually attended the Yiddish Theater in its heyday. Echoing the sentiment of everyone in the room, keynote speaker and YIVO Board Member, Ruth Levine reminded Afterwards, everyone gathered in the Kovno Room for a the gathering that there are many organizations that are special luncheon and program. The warm feelings con- funded by large numbers of diverse donors, but YIVO is tinued as Gaon Society members got to meet and spend unique in its calling. “YIVO may not call to everyone, but time with each other and discuss their impressions, it is definitely important to me. This is our charity, our questions, and love of Yiddishkayt. memories, our history and heritage preserved. If we don’t care for it, who will?” The Gaon Society is made up of YIVO supporters who have cre- Lorri Greif, CFRE, YIVO’s Planned Giving Officer ex- ated a legacy for YIVO in their plained the vital role planned giving plays in ensuring wills or trusts, or through other that YIVO’s work will be here for our future generations. planned gifts such as charitable She further pointed out that “most planned gifts are fund- gift annuities or charitable re- ed with money that will never be needed by the donor”. mainder trusts. The more than 60 people who attended repre- It was a privilege for YIVO to be able to thank its Gaon sented donors of planned gifts Society members for their support in this way. All mem- ranging from bequests in a will bers of the Gaon Society receive a membership certifi- Ruth Levine to testamentary trusts that fund cate suitable for framing, recognition in YIVO publica- named endowments for the future, to charitable gift an- tions and on our website and invitations to exclusive nuities that pay attractive tax-advantaged income now. events and personal tours of YIVO exhibits, as in this case, the Yiddish Theater exhibit. If you are interested in The luncheon program opened with welcoming remarks becoming a member of the Gaon Society, and securing from YIVO’s Director of Development & External Affairs, YIVO’s work for our children, grandchildren and future Ella Levine. She was followed by YIVO’s Executive Di- researchers and scholars, please contact Ella Levine, rector, Carl J. Rheins, who spoke of YIVO’s remarkable 212.294.6128 ([email protected]) or Lorri Greif, CFRE work and the extent and breadth of YIVO’s archived doc- at 212.505.6171 or ([email protected]).

Gaon Society Members The Gaon Society was established to recognize and thank YIVO supporters who have created a legacy for YIVO in their wills or estate plans, or through a planned gift annuity or charitable trust. Like the 18th-century Rabbi Elijah Ben Solomon Zalman - the Vilna Gaon - for which the Society is named, these friends understand and appreciate the role YIVO plays in preserving and perpetuating our heritage for future generations. We at YIVO thank you. Rosina Abramson Shirley Cohen William Goldstein Ruth Levine Abraham Sherman Sylvia Antonier Scher Eva Eckert Linda Grossman Ella Lidsky Bruce Slovin Harold Baron Sol Eldman Warren Grover Leo Melamed Richard Stein Evelyn Berezin Edwin Hantman Leora Klaymer Stewart Stanley Engelstein Herbert J. Maletz Roger Berkowitz Laura Hapke Robert Tartell Mildred Forrell Milton Ohring Leon Bloom George Hecht Franklin Toker Shulamis Friedman Louis Osofsky Sylvia Brody Axelrad Celia Heller Milton Weiner Robert Brooks Max Gitter Felice Itzkoff Martin Peretz Edith Weiss Eliane Bukantz Vicki Gold Louisa Johnston Barbara Phillips Chava Weissler Hyman Cohen Nathan Goldstein Isaac Levine Ethel Roberts Joan Wertheim

22 YIVO News Winter 2008 Sample Charitable Gift Annuity Sample Bequest Language To be discussed with your personal legal advisor A YIVO Charitable Gift Annuity is a simple state ap- Cash Legacy proved contract between you and YIVO, which pays you (and/or your loved one) a very attractive fixed rate I hereby give, devise, and bequeath to the YIVO Institute of income for life. for Jewish Research a nonprofit corporation having its principal offices at 15 West 16th Street, New York, NY If you are 65 years or older, you can donate $10,000 or 10011, the sum of $ to be used for its gen- more in cash or appreciated marketable securities to eral charitable purposes. This gift is made in memory YIVO and, based on your date of birth, receive a life- (honor) of my . Gaon Society time fixed income of up to 11.3% annually. You are also Residuary Bequest entitled to an income tax charitable deduction and a I hereby give, devise, and bequeath to the YIVO Insti- portion of your payments will be tax-free, further en- tute for Jewish Research a nonprofit corporation hav- hancing your benefit. Charitable gift annuities can be ing its principal offices at 15 West 16th Street, New established for one or two people and the income may York, NY 10011, all (or %) of the rest residue or re- be paid immediately or at a later specified date. When mainder of my estate, to be used for its general chari- the income is no longer payable to you, the remaining table purposes. This gift is made in memory (honor) of assets go to support YIVO’s mission. my . Sample Single-life Gift Annuity Rates* Specific Bequest of Personal or Real Property I hereby give, devise, and bequeath to the YIVO Institute Your Age Rate of Return for Jewish Research a nonprofit corporation having its 65 6.0% principal offices at 15 West 16th Street, New York, NY 70 6.5% 10011, (insert detailed description of property) 75 7.1% 80 8.0% 90 and over 11.3% *Rates subject to change. to be used for its general charitable purposes. This gift For example : is made in memory (honor) of my . If you are 80 years old and contribute $10,000 to YIVO for a charitable gift annuity, you will : Receive a fixed rate of 8%, based on your age at the time of the gift Receive $800 a year for the rest of your life, of which $521.00 will be totally tax free through the year 2016 (which is equivalent to a 13.2% rate if you’re in the 35% tax bracket) Be entitled to a charitable tax deduction of $5,100 Leave your mark on the world by providing for YIVO’s future work. You will reach past your own lifetime to ensure that YIVO continues its legacy of preserving and perpetuating our Jewish heritage for our future generations, and for researchers and scholars to allow them to explore and investigate our Jewish history and culture.

For more information about including YIVO in your estate plans or other ways of making a planned gift, contact Lorri M. Greif, CFRE, Planned Giving Officer, at [email protected] or 212.505.6171 (direct line), or write to her at: YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, 15 West 16th Street, New York, NY 10011 Attn : Planned Giving Department. Please remember YIVO in your will

23 Letters to YIVO u Yedies #203 : Kiev Conference Lecture u Jewish Cuisine from Poland

etters With great interest I read about the conference I would like to write an article about Jewish in Kiev in the last issue of Yedies fun YIVO (#203) cuisine from Sanok and the area. I know that L I am working on Chaim Zhitlovsky and am very may web sites exist with Galician- Jewish cui- interested in the lecture of Dr. Rashid Kaplanov sine and/or recipes. However, I am interested from Moscow on “Der inyen ‘persenlekhe oitono- especially in this smaller region. There - East- mie’ inem politishn gedank fun di linke yiddishe bawegungen in misrakh-airope’. I published in ern/Western Galicia - the Ukrainian-Jewish- German an essay on Zhitlovsky’s relation to Ger- Polish influences were mixed in many areas... man philosophy and his idea of secularization Maybe you can help me and show where to and I would like to get in contact with Dr. Ka- find something...it is known a big part of planov. Can you help me with this? Best! cuisine was common for Jews from different Kay Schweigmann-Greve countries - and meals connected with reli- Hannover • Germany • via e-mail gious holidays for example. But plain repasts were influenced by regional and local tradi- Reply According to Paul (Hershl) Glasser, Asso- tions. This is my aim, to find them. ciate Dean of the Max Weinreich Center and co-editor of Yedies, Dr. Kaplanov can be contacted through Arek Komski the Moscow Center for University Teaching of Jewish Sanok, Poland • via e-mail Civilization “Sefer”, where he is the academic chair. His Reply Sources you might want to explore include lecture was in Russian (Glasser translated the title into the following books that might assist you: 1) The Jews Yiddish for Yedies). Dr. Kaplanov also speaks many of Poland: Recollections and Recipes, by Edward de other languages as well. Pomiane; 2) The International Jewish Cook Book (1600 recipes according to the Jewish dietary laws with the rules for koshering: the favorite recipes of America, Ger- u Thank You From Vilnius many, Russia, France, Poland, Roumania, etc.); 3) Die I cannot begin to thank YIVO for your generosity Israelitische Haus, by Henny Van Cleef; 4) Yesterday’s of spirit and kindness. The magnificent package Kitchen: Jewish Communities and Their Food Before of [duplicate] books arrived yesterday, and it is a 1939, compiled and edited by Gillian Burr and Marion huge help on so many fronts. Cohen; 5) A Lexicon of Jewish Cooking: A Collection Dovid Katz, of Folklore. Foodlore, History, Customs, and Recipes, Director • Vilnius Yiddish Institute • Lithuania by Patti Shosteck and 6) The Around-the World Jewish via e-mail Cookbook, by Erma Gold and Helen H. Stambler. Hope these resources will help your research.

u A Request for Assistance u Acquiring Copies of Memorial Books I am working now on a new project, trying to study mixed marriage in the movies and stage YIVO received an email from Isaac Green asking about plays. I already have several sources, such as whether any of the yizker-bikher in the YIVO Library “Abie’s Irish Rose” and others. Can I be assisted deal with Skuodas (or Shkud), and/or surrounding the by your organization in finding more plays and villages, Mosedis, Sates, Barsticai, Zidikai,or Ylakai movies on this particular subject? Any help in in Lithuania, and if so, how he could obtain a copy. A this matter will be highly appreciated. similar query arrived from Feiga Weiss of the Holo- Thank you very much. caust Memorial Center in Farmington Hills, Michigan. Yehidit Friedman • Israel • via e-mail She was searching for a copy of the Sefer Zikaron Le- Kehilat Mielec, published by the Mielec Yiskor Book Reply You may want to explore the following re- Committee in 1979. YIVO has a copy of each of these sources found by Yeshaya Metal, Public Service Librar- in our collection of 750+ memorial books titles. To try ian at YIVO: 1) 250 Selected Plays of Jewish Interest, to obtain a personal copy, we would recommend con- an Index by Rabbi Bernard J. Starkoff; 2) The Encyclo- tacting the National Yiddish Book Center (http://yid- pedia of Ethnic Groups in Hollywood; 3) Jewish Films in dishbookcenter.org/+10154) to determine if they have the United States: Survey & Filmography, compiled by digitized these books. You may also want to access Stuart Fox; 4) Filmography: catalogue of Jewish Films the New York Public Library CATNYP Catalog, and look in Israel (The Abraham F. Rad Jewish Film Archives); for the Yizkor Book collection. A great many of these and 5) List of Dramas in the New York Public Library, Yizkor Books can be downloaded and printed for your Relating to the Jews, and of Dramas in Hebrew personnel study. 24 YIVO News Winter 2008 Letters to YIVO u Researching Family Roots u Replacing Missing Copy of YIVO Annual

I am investigating the roots of my family, and Please accept the following message on behalf of etters writing you about my great-great-great-grandfa- Eiran Harris, our Archivist Emeritus... Our YIVO ther, Rabbi Yehuda-Asher ben Iliyahu Oyzerman Annual Vol. 20 (1991) is missing. The absence L (who was born in 1832)... My father and I found of even a single YIVO publication is a literary out that he was a rabbi in Lithuania. R’ Yehuda- tragedy for our library. Universal grief prevails Asher was active in Vilna, in Pushalotas, in Nar- throughout the stacks. Sackcloth and ashes are va (Estonia) and in Novogeorgievsk (or Krylov, in fashion and tearful wails pierce our hearts. Ukraine). We found his name in the Ohalei Shem Please heal our pain by providing a replacement. book ...and we know, that the author of Ha’Sama In other words, could you please tell us how we (Sefer Mearat Einaiim) is Yehuda-Asher’s ancestor could obtain a replacement for Vol. 20, 1991, or from his father side... R’ Yehoshua Ben Alexander would you pass on this message to someone who Falk haKoen (1544-1612)...I will be happy to hear can help us? Thanks very much. about any referrals which can provide additional Valentina Rojinskaia information about him. Serials Cataloguer • Jewish Public Library Rinat Oyzerman • via e-mail Montréal • Québec • Canada Reply Yeshaya Metal, YIVO Public Service Librarian, Reply We do have a replacement copy. The YIVO found that Yehuda-Asher ben Iliyahu Oyzerman’s name Library is mailing it to your attention, in honor of Eiran appears on page 361 of Pinkas ha-Kehilot Latvi’ah ve- Harris, who for years has been a dedicated YIVO zamler. Estonyoh. It states he was the first rabbi of Narva. His name also appears in Yehude Lita vol. 3 and in Berl Ka- u gan’s Yidishe Shtet in Lita as the first rabbi of Pushalotas. Thank You for Helping Us Find There is no other biographical data in any of the works. Our Family Roots A short note of thanks for putting us in contact with Irina Sergeyeva, head librarian of the Judai- u Looking for Rare Cookbook ca Department at the Vernadsky National Library I’m writing to you from The Netherlands ... in of Ukraine in Kiev, also connected with the Cen- search of the following item for one of our pa- ter for East European Jewish Studies there. She trons: ... photocopies from Kokh-bukh far Peyseh / gave us a name of an English-speaking young Passover Cook Book (Borden Farm Products Com- man who took us to the shtetl of Ze’ev’s father, pany Inc., 1937). I cannot find it in our catalogues located three hours outside of Kiev. We had an - maybe you know where we can find it. ...Thank amazing day trying to put together the pieces ... you very much in advance for your help. At the turn of the century the village had over Kitty van Oosterhout 1400 Jews living there. According to the people Royal Library ILL Department we met and the official census, there are no lon- The Hague • The Netherlands • via e-mail ger any Jews living there. The Jewish cemetery had been destroyed and all except one tomb- Reply Thank you for your inquiry. We are pleased to stone with Hebrew writing had been looted. In say that YIVO has a copy of the title you are seeking, an adjacent town/village we were able to locate Kokh-bukh far Peyseh published by the Borden’s Farm one of the old synagogues. It is still an impres- Products Company Inc. (1937), and photocopies will be sive building - the most impressive in the village made for you as requested. Head Librarian Aviva Astrin- - with the women’s section apparent upstairs on sky commented that your “query shows that cook books the second floor. The building is now being used are being recognized as important cultural material ob- as a central hall/auditorium... all vestiges of it be- jects, whose importance has been underestimated un- ing a synagogue were gone. til recently. Only the YIVO Library has preserved this esoteric cookbook from 1937. It is just one of the 16,000 We also made contact with a local archivist who is going to perform a search for us. We had an op- unique books held by no other library but YIVO.” portunity to review some of the archives from the turn of the century... amazingly written in Cyrillic script, evidencing all major life cycle events. We had three guards around us at all times as we re- viewed the documents to make sure we were not Letters should be sent to YIVO at up to any mischief. All in all, it was a very fulfilling 15 West 16th Street, New York, NY 10011-6301 day. Many thanks to you for making it possible. or via e-mail to [email protected]. Carolynne & Ze’ev Drori • Los Angeles • California

25 ידיעות פֿון אַמאָל גרינערע לאָנקעס z†k thl dhhi thi uu˙yg pgksgr uu˙yg thi dhhi thl z†k i drhbgrg uuh n˙bg? uuh drhbgrg i zuf

z†k thl uuTbsgri thi uugksgr thi uuTbsgri thl z†k ekhhbg? druhxgw iw erhf cgrdgr ידיעות

aPr˙zi crhei thcgr cgrdgr thcgr crhei aPr˙zi uuU sh kupy thz ayTregrw cgxgr ayTregrw thz kupy sh uuU s†x tuhd pTrngxyi uuh T hgdgr T uuh pTrngxyi tuhd s†x uuU sgr pkTl thz druhx tui drgxgr/ tui druhx thz pkTl sgr uuU

uu˙y sgr vhnkw ckuh tui khfyhe tui ckuh vhnkw sgr uu˙y bgny zhl nhy sgr grs Truo grs sgr nhy zhl bgny thz bhy rhfyhe bhy thz w x muhcgrw T uuU zg thl uugi thl s†ry auhi euo/ auhi s†ry thl uugi thl zg פֿון אַמא ָ

yruhngi tui uuTbsgri s†x uu†x mu ל thz bhy pTrTi bhy thz w x uu†x i zuf cgxgr s˙bg pgksgr muhngi pgksgr s˙bg cgxgr pTrrhfy s˙i uu†di thi dgaPTi/ thi uu†di s˙i pTrrhfy

mhhk sh crfu, thi s˙i kgci s˙i thi crfu, sh mhhk zul s˙i dkhe ≈ x-thz thi s˙i vuhz s˙i thi x-thz ≈ dkhe s˙i zul zg uu†x shr v†y d†y dgdgci d†y v†y shr uu†x zg vTky ≈ tui k†z s†x bhy Truhx/ bhy s†x k†z tui ≈ vTky

T chxk zui tui T chxk rgdi chxk T tui zui chxk T b†l bTfy euny sgr y†d sgr euny bTfy b†l aPr˙z tuh; s˙bg ekhhbg aygdi ekhhbg s˙bg tuh; aPr˙z tui bhy pTrdgxw T kuhc s†l z†d/ s†l kuhc T pTrdgxw bhy tui 07 )TPrhk 9591( zgbgi dguugi dgsruey muuhh p†y†drTphgx pui pui p†y†drTphgx muuhh dgsruey dguugi zgbgi 9591( )TPrhk 07 w bun sgo thi w gyT uur†cgk gyT sh tuhci pui k†sza: pTrnkjnvsheg x zgy ng uuU TcrTn†uuhyaw rptk Pgyrheguugr dTxw sh vuhPydTx pui sgr ay†y chzi v˙byhei y†dw pui tubyi tubyi pui y†dw v˙byhei chzi ay†y sgr pui vuhPydTx sh dTxw Pgyrheguugr sh dgdby pui sh †rgng hHshag uugcgrxw cTkuy/ uugcgrxw hHshag †rgng sh pui dgdby sh

קורסן אין ייוואָ פֿרילינג Courses at YIVO Spring 2008 Jewish Life and Food (in Yiddish) : $90 / $75 YIVO members יידיש–סעמינאַרן 2008 thi h†r 8002 uugki sh grayg sr˙ xgnhbTri xgnhbTri sr˙ grayg sh uugki 8002 h†r thi Treasures of the YIVO Sound Archives (in English) : $90 / $75 YIVO members pubgo nTex uu˙br˙l-mgbygr z˙i †y sh: †y z˙i uu˙br˙l-mgbygr nTex pubgo Advanced Yiddish : Written Style (in Yiddish) : $225 / $200 YIVO members pr˙yhe sgo 11yi hTbuTrw 00:21 hTbuTrw 11yi sgo pr˙yhe u All three courses : $365 / $315 YIVO members ≈ sh sh ≈ w thhbhekgl sh nhy c†cgyaeg sh w I I cTkhcyxyg hHshag p†kex-ngåv? hHshag cTkhcyxyg name ( p†ruugryx ) d†ygxnTi thmhe address pr˙yhe sgo 1yi pgcruTrw 00:21 pgcruTrw 1yi sgo pr˙yhe u ITngrheTbha sgrmuhdgbg hHshag ar˙cgr: ar˙cgr: hHshag sgrmuhdgbg ITngrheTbha city state zip I P†gyhe tui P†gzhg ahyv T uuh w thbzhl w th≤h zuyrT )hHshagr yg†k†dhagr xgnhbTr( yg†k†dhagr )hHshagr zuyrT th≤h phone email Check enclosed pr˙yhe sgo 7yi nTr.w 00:21 nTr.w 7yi sgo pr˙yhe u Please make checks payable to: YIVO Institute for Jewish Research I hHsi Puhkhag pui nuzhh uuTraguugr sgo Icuhgi Charge my: AMEX VISA MasterCard Discover nav-a˙g ayhhbkuh; )drg.-eTkgsza( ayhhbkuh; nav-a˙g Card Number tuhc thr uuhky eungiw ekhbdy †i 9316-492-212 9316-492-212 †i ekhbdy eungiw uuhky thr tuhc Exp. Date Name on card Signature

tui dhy tubsz mu uuhxi/ T sTbe! T uuhxi/ mu tubsz dhy tui Please complete this form and mail along with your payment to : ✃ YIVO Institute, 15 West 16th Street, New York, NY 10011-6301 Attn : Courses

YIVO News Winter 2008 ז26 וואַרשעווער יידישע זומער–פּראָגראַם

†yuu†megr yurgo †yuu†megr

)uuTrag( n†sgrbgr uu†kei- n†sgrbgr erTmgr uuU chzi chzi uuU erTmgr jurci thz dgayTbgi dgayTbgi thz jurci sh yk†nTmegr auk yk†nTmegr sh

ו27 אונטערנעמונג לזכּרון יאַן קאַרסקי t[ w z pui ]vnal eTrxeh zhmy tuh; T cTbe` sgr r†d dTx c˙o e†bxukTyw e†bxukTyw c˙o dTx r†d sgr cTbe` T tuh; zhmy eTrxeh - th tuhl uuh dgy†w uuTraguugr thi Tr˙i cxus gr thz Puhki w uugy pui thmy †i vhhxi vhhxi †i thmy pui uugy w w ngshx†i-guu r†d dTx 73xyg thxy s†ryi pui uu†x dgdby(w )kuckhbgr thzach. thi kTdgr bgo / I eTrxeh hTi b I t Ir†d dgy†i gx v†y gr cgkzag./ ehhi hHsi sgP†ryhry ngi v†y

Ti uuh vTbyw graygr sgr pui sgrmhhki egbgi z†k gr Fsh נײַעס dgagy nhy sh hHsi/ pui sgo uu†x gr v†y v†y gr uu†x sgo pui hHsi/ sh nhy dgagy w x uu†x gs-rthvw s†ryi dgzgiw uuh gr v†y aPgygr sgrmhhkyw thz gr nna nna gr thz sgrmhhkyw aPgygr v†y gr uuh dgzgiw s†ryi erTbe dguu†ri/ erTbe

Tz gr thz dguugi thi sh vuhfg pgbmygr thi k†bs†i tui thi thi tui k†bs†i thi pgbmygr vuhfg sh thi dguugi thz gr Tz uuTahbdy†i ≈ s† v†y gr zhl dgyr†pi Tza nhyi Prgzhsgby Prgzhsgby nhyi Tza dgyr†pi zhl gr v†y s† ≈ uuTahbdy†i ruzuugky ≈ v†y gr zhh sgrmhhky uugdi sgo jurciw b†r zhh zhh b†r jurciw sgo uugdi sgrmhhky zhh gr v†y ≈ ruzuugky v†ci thow muo cTsuhgriw bhay dgdkhhcyw uugr rgsy b†l b†l rgsy uugr dgdkhhcyw bhay cTsuhgriw muo thow v†ci gPgx dgy†i/ eTrxeh v†y zhl aPgygr cTek†dyw Tz gr thz thz gr Tz cTek†dyw aPgygr zhl v†y eTrxeh dgy†i/ gPgx surfdgpTkiw b†r z˙i vgkshaehhy thz †bgrdgegby dguu†ri dguu†ri †bgrdgegby thz vgkshaehhy z˙i b†r surfdgpTkiw tungyuo/

sgr hTi eTrxeh-sgben†k tuh; tuh; eTrxeh-sgben†k hTi sgr dgnTfy uuTahbdy†iw thi cTzgmy zhl gr v†y nkjnv sgr b†l w r†d 73xyg dTx 73xyg r†d ngshx†i-guu shPk†nTyhg pui Pr†pgx†r T dguu†ri tui s†ey†rTy z˙i thi sza†rszayTubgr tubhuugrxhygy tui s†ryi dgTrcgy dgTrcgy s†ryi tui tubhuugrxhygy sza†rszayTubgr thi c˙ sgr rhrbshegr mgrgn†bhg v†ci dgbungi T uu†ry sgr sgr uu†ry T dgbungi v†ci mgrgn†bhg rhrbshegr sgr c˙ ekhby†i/ chk xyusgby: cTrhnyxygr z˙i 2991/ chz 2591 pui e†bxukw eahay†; eTxPahe` sgr dguugzgbgr Puhkhagr Puhkhagr dguugzgbgr sgr eTxPahe` eahay†; e†bxukw jxhs-tunu,- yhyk nhyi cTkuhby tho hs-uao v†y 2891 thi TncTxTs†r thi hårtk tui T ch†drT; pui hTi eTrxehw eTrxehw hTi pui ch†drT; T tui hårtk thi TncTxTs†r 0002/ thi dgay†rci thz gr vguko/ - Prg Puhkhai pubgo p†rayhhgr T e†zk†uuxeh` nTyahh zhsgbyw guuT hubyahe-za†ngmeT` vrç hårtk-nthr kTuw kTuw hårtk-nthr vrç hubyahe-za†ngmeT` guuT zhsgbyw v†y hHuu†w pubgo khcv†cgr T dguugi tuhl thz eTrxeh hTi dguugzgbgr vuhPy-rç pui hårtk/ mudgahey cTdrhxubdgi cTdrhxubdgi mudgahey hårtk/ pui vuhPy-rç dguugzgbgr kzFrui Prgnhg T aTpi mu p†bs T nhy cTay˙gry T I muu zhl v†ci chk ekhby†iw uuh tuhl uukTshxkTuu cTry†aguuxehw cTry†aguuxehw uukTshxkTuu tuhl uuh ekhby†iw chk v†ci z˙i Prgnhg sh auhi yr†dy v˙by bhrgbxeT` P†kT pruhw z˙i sgr dguugzgbgr Puhkhagr tuhxkTbs-nhbhxygr uu†x thz thz uu†x tuhxkTbs-nhbhxygr Puhkhagr dguugzgbgr sgr Prgnhg sgr nhy hHuu† sgr cTkuhby h†r hgsgx tuhl/ b†ngi - cT tuhl jurci cg,i hHsi rTyguugi mu cTnHubdgi z˙bg pTr sh s†eungbyhri mu tuhpdgy†i gPgx v†y uu†x ngbya T kuhby dguu†ri nhyi yhyk jxhs-tunu,-vguko/ sgr jzi hux; hux; jzi sgr jxhs-tunu,-vguko/ yhyk nhyi dguu†ri kuhby hHshai sgo tuhl uuh hHsiw tui P†khTei muuhai cTmHubdgi nTk†uuTbh v†y tuhxdgzubdgi T eTPhyk ≤vhkho tui sgr sgr tui ≤vhkho eTPhyk T tuhxdgzubdgi v†y nTk†uuTbh eukyur/ Puhkhagr sgr mu muay˙gr f†r pubgo Puhzbgr tubhuugrxhygy v†y dgzubdgi gykgfg kh- gykgfg dgzubdgi v†y tubhuugrxhygy Puhzbgr pubgo f†r / / I pTrdTbdgi thz zui Ish dgchryhdx n/ sgrubygr sgrw cTb˙ygr sgr pui h†r 98xyi muo 7002w b†uugncgr 11yi sgo Puhkhagr tun†Pvgbdhehhyw thz c˙o Puhkhai e†bxukTy thi thi e†bxukTy Puhkhai c˙o thz tun†Pvgbdhehhyw Puhkhagr c˙dguugi thi b†ngi pubgo hHuu† zgbgi nTrge uugc tui tui uugc nTrge zgbgi hHuu† pubgo b†ngi thi c˙dguugi eTrxeh/ hTi kzFrui mgrgn†bhg T p†rdgeungi bhu-h†re vgrak dkgzgr/ vgrak uuU e†bxukTyw pTri xeukPyur T dguu†ri tuhpdgsgey thz w x

אַ בריוו וועגן חײם גראַדען d[ w z pui ]vnal zhmi nhr t˙bdguuheky thi yruhgr/ Tzuh Tzuh yruhgr/ thi t˙bdguuheky nhr zhmi kgey†r/ sgo t˙bdgkTsi nhr v†ci kgi/ tui rçev pruh n˙i rTyagxygr/ thi phk zfrubu,/// phk prHgr/ ygd P†r T nhy dgeungi thz gr rT- ehhi dgp†ri xPgmhgk zgbgi thl nhr v†ci zhl dk˙l cTpr˙bsgy tui nhr nhr tui cTpr˙bsgy dk˙l zhl v†ci nhr sgr kgey†r/ sgo vgri yagxygr †ar ayauyahbxehw dgcuhri thi 7091 7091 thi dgcuhri ayauyahbxehw †ar thi Teyhuu hHshai sgo t˙bdgkTsi v†ci bTxgr` T eTkygrw T dguugi thz †uuby thi d†bh†bsz )chTkhxy†egr dgdby ≈ ≈ dgdby )chTkhxy†egr d†bh†bsz thi nhy b†gby dguu†ri thz gr vhho/ tubszgr ekhhbgr` T ≈ guko[ sgr ]= cTzul sgr v˙by Puhki(w 7291-1691 dguuuhby thi vT- thi dguuuhby 7291-1691 Puhki(w v˙by T dguugi thz kgemhg z˙i tui jçrho sh sh eTkygr/// T tuhl p†rzhmgr sgr uuTbgw eucg` sgrb†fsgo zhl cTzgmy thi thi cTzgmy zhl sgrb†fsgo eucg` uuTbgw mudger†di v†ci nhr sgrp†kd/ druhxgr - crh tui zhkcgr Id†ksw dguugi thz ygng sh pTrthhbheyg ayTyiw euso thi bhu- thi euso ayTyiw pTrthhbheyg sh pr˙bs/ vTrmhei T x-v†y / I p†kek†r hHshai thi khTbyi h†rew sgrb†fsgo ≈ thi nhTnh/ dgsruey dgsruey nhTnh/ thi ≈ sgrb†fsgo h†rew mu rge†rshbd-nTahbeg T z˙i dgz†ky sgrmhhkubdgi tui khsgr thi sgr hHshagr hHshagr sgr thi khsgr tui sgrmhhkubdgi zgbgi yuhyw drTsgx jhho nhy thmyw - dgfrh gx v†y kgemhgw sh thkuxyrhri Prgxg thi sh pTrthhbheyg ayTyiw ayTyiw pTrthhbheyg sh thi Prgxg PTe T nhy pTrh,uny dgckhci nhr gr v†y Tyn†xpgrg TzT thi Pgy/// ngexhegw Trdgbyhbg tui hårtk/ tuhl tuhl hårtk/ tui Trdgbyhbg ngexhegw chksgrw nhy crhuuw 001 pui ngr tui dgnTfy gx v†y kgemhg/ z˙i dgvTkyi - sgrmhhkub chfkgl gykgfg Truhxdgdgci jhho nhy v†ci nhr s†eungbyi/// nhy t˙bsrue/ akgfyi T dgi/ dgay†rci xu; 0891gr? xu; dgay†rci dgi/ eurmg T ygkgp†i i surf dgrgsy drTsg m˙y pTr z˙i yuhy/ z˙i ayhng thz thz ayhng z˙i yuhy/ z˙i pTr m˙y dger†di nhr v†ci Truo y†d T thi †cgr hmje uu†ke ≈ dguugi T eukyur-yugr eukyur-yugr T dguugi ≈ uu†ke hmje mudgz†dy v†y gr ek†r/ Tzuh dguugi cTks tui crhuuw T b†l drTsg jhho pui thi c†pTk† tui aPgygr thi nhTnh nhTnh thi aPgygr tui c†pTk† thi pTri kgemhgx dgci tui nhTnh i cTzuf sh srhyi/// T tui crhuuw muuhhyi T sgo b†l )ngr ehhi Pryho bhay†(/ Pryho ehhi )ngr hHuu†-e†nhygy/ nTby- uuTrgng v†ci nuzi ygfygrkgl

YIVO News Winter 2008 ה28 40סטער סיום פֿון דער זומער–פּראָגראַם t[ w z pui ]vnal dgvTkyi T xyusgby bhay ehhi hHs tui tui hHs ehhi bhay xyusgby T dgvTkyi nTex b†ngi` z˙i yr†dy Pr†drTo sh Tçrvo r I s v†y guko sgo cTdrhxy T ckhbsgr sgrmu/ cag, hgbgr xyusgby xyusgby hgbgr cag, sgrmu/ ckhbsgr T TeTsgnhagr sgr uu†x vw I g i uu˙br˙f pubgo shrgey†r sgr khfygbcuhow v†y dgrgsy v†y uu˙br˙l dguuhhby//// uu˙br˙l v†y dgrgsy v†y b†ngi` z˙i yr†dy hHuu† pubgo †Pyhhk sgr thi kgrgr T tui hHuu† Trdgbyhbgr Tjrui Tjrui jçhçw sgr bhay-kTbd bhay-kTbd sgr jçhçw Tjrui Tjrui - dg v†y p†rzh. sgo zungr-Pr†drTo/ gray thmyw sTfy zhlw sgrphki nhrw nhrw sgrphki zhlw sTfy thmyw gray kgrgr T agfygrw nrsfh dgay†rcgbgr dkgzgr/ vgrak r I s phry tuh; uuhpk hgsgr thhbgr pui tubsz thz thz tubsz pui thhbgr hgsgr uuhpk tuh; w grayi pubgo zungr-Pr†drTo sgr thi bhay ehhi ehhi bhay x ngbya/ Tbsgr Ti dguu†ri tubsz pgki sr˙ Tkg 2002/ chz 8691w h†rw dgzTbd nhy dggbshey zhl v†y xhuo sgr duznt: Tz ng kgrby zhl tuhx Tphku T T Tphku tuhx zhl kgrby ng Tz duznt: s†x auugr thz w x Tz tuhxw ayTre Tzuh sh tuhxyhhki nhyi tui cmhcur ygb. tui chxk hHsha uugry ngi Ti Tbsgr ngbya/ ngbya/ Tbsgr Ti ngi uugry hHsha chxk uuUbs sh b†r uugrygrw nhy thcgrmudgci n≤bu, nhy thhbgo thi mgryhpheTyi bhay tunzhxy v†y husk nTre dgarh- nTre husk v†y tunzhxy bhay Tk. b†l thi Tuugedhhi agfygrx b†l b†l kgrgrx/ sh tui xyusgbyi sh pTr ci cag≤u ≈ tui dgsgbeyw Tz gr thz thz gr Tz dgsgbeyw tui ≈ cag≤u ci prha/ dg- tui thcgrdgchxi ngi v†y sgo dguugi T dgcuhrgbgr hHsha-rgsgr pui pui hHsha-rgsgr dgcuhrgbgr T dguugi m˙y/ kTbdg T anugxy sgr khyg tui thz T dTb. kgci dguugi dguugi kgci dTb. T thz tui khyg sgr dg- v†c w f uu†x sgrmhhki t˙l uuhk w f - hH p†rai tui kgrbgi thi Tr˙bdgy†i sgo uugdi agfygriw pui yTeg vgryw pui tuhxmudi thcgrsruei nhr uugki s† sha ≈ bhay tunzhxy v†y gr dgarhciw dgarhciw gr v†y tunzhxy bhay ≈ sha h†r hgbgo thi tubszgri/ xhuo grayi dkgzgr: r I s pui rgsg sgr Tz gr v†y T dTb. kgci zhl mudgkgrby mudgkgrby zhl kgci dTb. T v†y gr Tz Tfy nhy ekTxw thhi dguugi ckuhz thz hHsha/ tui Tzuh sTrpy thrw sTrpi nhr nhr sTrpi thrw sTrpy Tzuh tui hHsha/ tui agfygr kgrgrxw muuhh xyusgbyi` xhuo 04xyi pubgo dgkgdbvhhy sgr mu

זומער–פּראָגראַם v†y ehhi ahgur bhay bhay ahgur ehhi v†y w x uu˙k y†iw tuhl v†y uu˙br˙l nTex nTyhx†;` hTbek thl uuhk zungr-Pr†drTo sgr pui / I vhHsha Iho sgr v†y dgzgdi-rgsg sh dgkgcy` b†l uu†x vw I g i uu˙br˙f turhtk sgrn†bgi

אויסצוגן פֿון דאַנקבריוו געשריבו פֿון די זומער–סטודענטן 2007 - dg sh dgdgci nhr v†y thr Tz sTbegiw ahhi zhhgr t˙l uuhk thl sgr thi kgrbgi mu nhdkgfehhy sh nhr dgci pTr sTbe ahhbgo T kgdbvhhy mu z˙i tui mu kgrbgi zhl hHsha thi bhu-h†re/ thl ar˙c ar˙c thl bhu-h†re/ thi hHsha zhl kgrbgi mu tui z˙i mu kgdbvhhy T tui chxk T tui chxkw T rgsi auhi egi thl zungr-Pr†drTo/ n˙i nTdhxygr-Trcgy uugdi crhuu pubgo rhbdgkckuo-Trfhuu/ T T rhbdgkckuo-Trfhuu/ pubgo crhuu uugdi nTdhxygr-Trcgy n˙i ahxk! pukg T thz chxk xl crhuu z˙bgi tuh; hHsha/ sgr zungr-Pr†drTo thi bhu-h†re thz thz bhu-h†re thi zungr-Pr†drTo sgr hHsha/ tuh; z˙bgi crhuu xl xy†ev†ko › †bvhhcgrx › PTx Trhtkv dguugi pTr nhr zhhgr uuhfyhe/ prHgr v†c thl bhay dgegby rgsi rgsi dgegby bhay thl v†c prHgr uuhfyhe/ zhhgr nhr pTr dguugi hHsha` thmy egi thl/ thl v†c zhl tuhl dgkgrby uuh Tzuh khhgby khhgby Tzuh uuh dgkgrby tuhl zhl v†c thl thl/ egi thmy hHsha` thmy hHsha/ ar˙ci dgegby bhy thl v†c murhe i uu†f phb; nhy ngi nTbuxerhPyi/ gx thz zhhgr uuhfyhe pTr n˙i nTdhxygr- n˙i pTr uuhfyhe zhhgr thz gx nTbuxerhPyi/ ngi sTbe/ ahhbgo T pTrayhhi! tui rgsi khhgbgiw ar˙ciw thl egi Trcgy/ thl sTbe t˙l nhyi dTbmi vTrmi/ dTbmi nhyi t˙l sTbe thl Trcgy/ k†x-Tbszagkgx › †bvhhcgrx › r†ngr† †r†rT chTkhxy†e › thhbx nhygkg › pgksnTi h†TbT T druhxi sTbe pTr sgr xyhPgbshg zhl mu kgrbgi hHsha/ uugi uugi hHsha/ kgrbgi mu zhl xyhPgbshg sgr pTr sTbe druhxi T i z˙bgi dguugi prufyhe tui uuUbsgrkgl uuUbsgrkgl tui prufyhe dguugi z˙bgi i uu†f zgex kgmyg sh bhu- thi zungr sgo pTrcrgbdgi dgegby bhay thl uu†ky bhay bhay b†r kdch n˙i p†raubd uugdi Tky-hHsha tui tkhv cjurx cjurx tkhv tui Tky-hHsha uugdi p†raubd n˙i kdch b†r bhay chi thl hHsha/ ehhi dgegby bhay thl v†c zungr sgo pTr h†re/ I w b†r tuhl kdch sh tuhxygrkhag ngbyai uu†x thl thl uu†x ngbyai tuhxygrkhag sh kdch tuhl b†r w Icçt-cul hHsha-s˙yagr sgr thi tui dgrnTbhxyhe thi s†ey†rTbyhi T v†c zhl cTegby nhy zhh: sh hHsha-rgsbsheg dgzgkaTpy pui pui dgzgkaTpy hHsha-rgsbsheg sh zhh: nhy cTegby zhl v†c thl egi thmy tubhuugrxhygy/ Pgbxhkuuhhbhgr thbgo khygrTyur bhu-h†rew sh kgrgrxw sh ≤knhsho/// gx thz dguugi ctn, T T ctn, dguugi thz gx ≤knhsho/// sh kgrgrxw sh bhu-h†rew hHsha/ thi thz uu†x eTkge†w nTag pui y†dcul s†x khhgbgi kgcbx-sgrpTrubd T hjhs-cnhbu/ n˙i hHsha v†y zhl ayTre ayTre zhl v†y hHsha n˙i hjhs-cnhbu/ T kgcbx-sgrpTrubd phkTsgkphg › thhbx nhygkg › uuTkTl ehhkg pTrcgxgry/ nhy n˙i b˙gr pgHehhy uugk thl zhl egbgi cT- egbgi zhl thl uugk pgHehhy b˙gr n˙i nhy pTrcgxgry/ yhhkhei thi sh Teyhuuhygyi pubgo ngsgo-mgbygr thi PTrhzw PTrhzw thi ngsgo-mgbygr pubgo Teyhuuhygyi sh thi yhhkhei z˙bgi Teyhuuhygyi tui ekTxi Tkg xl/ T dgkgrby v†c thl ar˙ci Tryhekgi uugdi hHsha tui thi eurmi uugk thl Teyhuu Teyhuu thl uugk eurmi thi tui hHsha uugdi Tryhekgi ar˙ci pubgo dgvTy vbtv thl v†c cpry thbygrgxTby/ dguugi pTryhhshei T aPrTl tui T eukyur uu†x z˙bgi b†gby mu n˙i n˙i mu b†gby z˙bgi uu†x eukyur T tui aPrTl T pTryhhshei khh- pubgo dgzTbd-uuTrayTyw pubgo chckh†drTphg-uuTrayTyw vTr./ mukhc sgo Tkgo T ahhbgow druhxi sTbe! druhxi ahhbgow T Tkgo sgo mukhc vTr./ zhfgrw chi thl anugxi/ pubgo tui khygrTyur hHshag sh gbgi PTrhz › muuhh nhygkg › cheTr Trb† T uuh Trcgy n˙i thi bhmkgl z˙i uugy egbyaTpy b˙g sh Tz hHshagr chckh†ygegr/ thl chi muprhsi mu z˙i thmy T yhhk yhhk T thmy z˙i mu muprhsi chi thl chckh†ygegr/ hHshagr thl ar˙c t˙l †PmusTbegi/ T xl h†ri v†c thl dguu†ky zhl zhl dguu†ky thl v†c h†ri xl T †PmusTbegi/ t˙l ar˙c thl hHsha-rgsgrx/ mhcur pubgo kgrbgi s†w †cgr thl v†c bhy dgvTy dgbud nhykgi/ T sTbe t˙gr t˙gr sTbe T nhykgi/ dgbud dgvTy bhy v†c thl †cgr s†w kgrbgi bhu-h†re › thhbx nhygkg › zuPbhe hvush, vhk; v†c thl dgegby ayushri thi sgr uuUbsgrkgfgr Pr†drTo/ uuUbsgrkgfgr sgr thi ayushri dgegby thl v†c vhk; eTkhp†rbhgr tubhuugrxhygy tubhuugrxhygy eTkhp†rbhgr › muuhh nhygkg › hTrph. nhr kgrbgi mu zhl dgkgdbvhhy uuUbsgrkgfgr sgr pTr sTbe ahhbgo T )k†x-Tbszagkgx( T- sgr pui drTsuHr-xyusgby T chi thl hHuu†/ thi s† hHsha ngrheTbgr hHshagr khygrTyur thbgo nhahdgbgr tubhuugrxhygy/ tubhuugrxhygy/ nhahdgbgr thbgo khygrTyur hHshagr ngrheTbgr thl sTbe t˙l uu†x thr v†y nhr dgdgci sh nhdkgfehhy mu mu nhdkgfehhy sh dgdgci nhr v†y thr uu†x t˙l sTbe thl uuhfyhegr tui druhxgr T mu akhxk T thl v†c hHsha egbgbshe ayushri hHsha tuhpi eurx thi bhu-h†re/ thl v†c dgkgrby T T dgkgrby v†c thl bhu-h†re/ thi eurx tuhpi hHsha ayushri tui ahhbg T hHsha thz tubsz c˙ eukyur/ tui khygrTyur pui uugky i uu†x uugki nhr vgkpi mu kgrbgi zhl ngr uugdi sgr sgr uugdi ngr zhl kgrbgi mu vgkpi nhr uugki uu†x i zTf b˙g xl hHshahxyi! rupi mu zhl ay†kmhri nhr aPrTl/ kgcgsheg T dgahfyg tui eukyur pui hHsi/ pui eukyur tui dgahfyg Ti-Trc†rw nhahdgi Ti-Trc†rw › thhbx nhygkg › nhb. sbhtk uuTrag › muuhh nhygkg › ahge nTdsT

sh thcgrkgcubd thz dguugi T r˙fg tui thl chi zhhgr sTbecTrw sTbecTrw zhhgr chi thl tui r˙fg T dguugi thz thcgrkgcubd sh Tz thl v†c dgegby †byhhk bgngi/ †byhhk dgegby v†c thl Tz k†bs†bgr tubhuugrxhygy k†bs†bgr › TuuTbxhryg › thk†uuxeh tx≤r

ד29 bhy dgegby †Pahhsiw tui bhy ≤nhs v†y ngi uugdi sgo Tzuh Tzuh sgo uugdi ngi v†y ≤nhs bhy tui †Pahhsiw dgegby bhy i aPr†f t˙bdkhhcgbhaiw dkhhcubdgiw mu ahhl thz s†x uu/ I tTz ayTre dgyrTfy tuhl` †cgr pui erhxykgfehhy v†y ngi ngi v†y erhxykgfehhy pui †cgr tuhl` dgyrTfy ayTre yhhk c˙ dgsTbe sgo pui pTrphri k†zi bhy zhl ngi z†k tuhl/ I vgnho nFk cjr≤bu IT≤v Fuju,/ Tkg nhy †Pdgruey zhl mu sruhxi pui b†r dgdTbdgi thz dkhhcgf. Tz jfnh-hårtkw ` ` w pgkegr Tkg muuhai pui tuhxsgruuhhky tubsz v†xy su w hHshaehhy n†b†ygHxyi/ dguugi s†l zgbgi hHsi njn, hHsiw mu PTrTprTzhri ygryukhTbuxgx uu†ry: ngi v†y dgkgcy dgkgcy v†y ngi uu†ry: ygryukhTbuxgx PTrTprTzhri mu uu†x sgo thi surfr˙xi sh tui thhbx thz xhxygo T uuh muuhai duhhow †cgr bhy nhy zhh//// nhy bhy †cgr duhhow muuhai ngi Tbsgra/ gPgx d†r z˙bgi I Ip†kex-rgkhdhg rupy ngi ngd h† nagr z˙iw Tz Tzuh uuh hHsi z˙bgi s†l yTeg dguugi dguugi yTeg s†l z˙bgi hHsi uuh Tzuh Tz z˙iw nagr h† ngd uuh T T uuh dgphky zhl v†y ngi Tz dguugiw †cgr thz gher sgr dguugi hHsi tuh; bhy-hHsi pui vaPgv sh thz nhb†rhygyw T pTrzhfshegr ehcu.` v†y auhi bhy tuhxdgnTfyw mh ngi ngi mh tuhxdgnTfyw bhy auhi v†y ehcu.` pTrzhfshegr thz uuhsgr dgrgsy murhe †cgr pTregry/ thhsgr ayTregr - tuhxdg bhy v†y ngi Tbsgra/ Pryho Tkg thi yTeg thz thhsgr drgxgr dguugi dguuhx hHsi pui uu†d xPgmhphag sh gbmky hHshaehhy purgnuu˙z tui pTrdk˙fy nhy duhHaehhy duhHaehhy nhy pTrdk˙fy tui purgnuu˙z hHshaehhy gbmky cTpgkegrubd/ sgr thi Pr†P†rmhg zhhgr purgo pTr purgo/ hgsgrg pui sh muuhh xhxygngi v†y ngi ngi v†y xhxygngi muuhh sh pui hgsgrg purgo/ pTr purgo - tuhp thz uu†x uugrn˙zg thi auk sh dTbmgrvhhy/ dgbungi sgr crhhy uuh sgow uugdi dgbTry bhy zhl v†ci dsukh-v≤urv sh i muo xyhk pui pui xyhk muo i dgdkhf xyhk thr thi thz 5711 dguu†ri dgcuhy - zTfkg rhhi sruhxi/ pui vaPgu, pTr †pi thz ehcu. hHshagr sgr eTygsrg thi ay†y` sh nheuuv thi uugrn˙zgw pui 6811w 6811w pui uugrn˙zgw thi nheuuv sh ay†y` thi eTygsrg sgr dgagpykgfg pui Truhxdgsrubdgi z˙bgi uu†x e†byTeyi fg

uu†x cuhgrx druPg dguuhxgr T pui Trcgy sgr thi sgrn†by pTr †bdgbungi ngi v†y cafbu, uuuhbgi pui †sgr cTmHubdgi פּוקליקאַציעס v†y zhl †bdgrupi tuhpi b†ngi pui vhhkhei TbsrgTx` tuh; tuh; TbsrgTx` vhhkhei pui b†ngi tuhpi †bdgrupi zhl v†y ≤knhs- rgdbxcurdgr T khc/ pTr bhy tuhc tunpTrn˙skglw sgr Trfhygeyur pui sgr uu˙cgragr auk uu†x thz s†ryi s†ryi thz uu†x auk uu˙cgragr sgr pui Trfhygeyur sgr Tz dgvTkyiw v†y h†rvubsgry muugkpyi xu; c˙o jfo mudgcuhy dguu†ri thi 3121 zgy zhl sh dgdkhfbehhy muo †r- muo dgdkhfbehhy sh zhl zgy 3121 thi dguu†ri mudgcuhy phhdk-dghgdw tuh; dhhi mu bhy guukv ehhi hHs T pTr thz w x - hHsb sgr pui cafbu, uu†x xTbey-nTryhi-ekuhxygr yhei ngi Tz z†diw mu dguugi rgfy nvrhk c˙o thz 0041 Truo tui dTx/ sh auk thi aP˙grw tuhpdgcuhy xu; gkpyi h†rvubsgryw h†rvubsgryw gkpyi xu; tuhpdgcuhy aP˙grw thi auk sh dTx/ ehhi bhy thz s†x Iuu†rgo pgrspTrngxyiw tuh; dhhi ngd sgrn†by thi thr †rbTngbyhe yhhkbuu˙z thi sgr aP˙grgr aP˙grgr sgr thi yhhkbuu˙z †rbTngbyhe thr thi sgrn†by pui Tphku gx vhhxy / I eubxy T zhl kgrby ngi b†r åhnjvw - cT pui crgbdgi ngi egi pTeyi xgrhg Tbsgr Ti eTygsrg/ dgvTkyi//// hHsi yhhk v†ci duhho-bj, TzT - nj uugrn˙zgr cTuuUxyi uuuhk thbgo xprho/ pui mhrubdgi zur-F,ç-hs pui 2721 dgphbgi zhl dgngki uu†x n†sgrbg hHsiw hHsiw n†sgrbg uu†x dgngki zhl dgphbgi 2721 pui zur-F,ç-hs thcgr- thi Truow nhyi cTmHubdgi thi drhbdehhy rgkTyhuug sh uuhbmhegr thi zhlw uu†kyi zhl dga˙y Tr˙bmuaygki thi T T thi Tr˙bmuaygki dga˙y zhl uu†kyi zhlw thi uuhbmhegr dghraby TaFbz v†y prgnsxw pTrthhdgbgi tui thhdbx dgci vhhkhe xpr` bhy b†r sgr vgrc pui sgr ay†y uugrn˙zgw uugrn˙zgw ay†y sgr pui vgrc sgr b†r bhy xpr` vhhkhe vhhcy dTbd sgr eukyur-p†rnTmhgx/ hHshag prHgrsheg pui b†r Tphku Ti TrTbzahrubd pui yurgnx tui jhu,w e†Phry e†Phry jhu,w tui yurgnx pui TrTbzahrubd Ti Tphku b†r pui m˙y sgr thi †cgr m˙yiw ≤bfhag sh thi b†l †i zhl pui sgr sruhxbshegr yhr pubgo xTbey-nTryhi-ekuhxygr/// xTbey-nTryhi-ekuhxygr/// pubgo yhr sruhxbshegr sgr pui sgr thi tuhdi/ sh thi auhi zhl gr uuTrpy dnrt tui nhabv - Tb pTrahhsgbg pui dgcubsbehhy sh Truhx zhl zgy Tzuh tui †cgr vaPgu,w sruhxbsheg ahgur T †i pTrTi z˙bgi dnrt sgrg cTchksgryg kaui-eusag xprho mu sgr bhy-hHshagr bhy-hHshagr sgr mu xprho kaui-eusag cTchksgryg sgrg jfnh-v≤knus sh thbguuhhbhexygr: Ti dguugi thz †bmhk sgr eubxy pui sgr ≤eupv/ sgr pui eubxy n†yhuuhrubdgi ehhi dgzufy bhy v†ci zhh hHsiw mu dgrgsy v†ci pui duhhnx uugdi/ s†x thz ctn, sgr srl-vax/ s†x gmo gmo s†x srl-vax/ sgr ctn, thz s†x uugdi/ duhhnx pui uuh Tzuh thz s†x dguugi nhdkgl? nfrhg dguugi v†yw T Pbhow Pbhow T v†yw dguugi nfrhg nhdkgl? dguugi s†x thz Tzuh uuh mu Tr˙i kf≤jhkv tuhl s†l thz dnrt vhhkhegr sgr pui kaui sgr e†bygexyw ngi v†y mu y†i nhy T njzurw nhy T xpr xpr T nhy njzurw T nhy y†i mu v†y ngi e†bygexyw sgr eukyur-purgnx Tbsgrg akk T nhy muzTngi sruhxi pui hHsi pui rncow nhy T ≤bl/ sh PrTfyhe dgmhryg thbhmhTki z˙bgi z˙bgi thbhmhTki dgmhryg PrTfyhe sh ≤bl/ T nhy rncow pui sh pui cçkhow sh pui Pgrxgrw sh pui dgeungi z˙bgi uu†x - thkuxyrT sh tuh; ngbyai sh tu,hu,w hHshag zhl pTrayhhy ruhngr//// tui i drhf mhgx )Tzuh thz thi uugrn˙zgr njzur( z˙bgi dgmhhfby nhy nhy dgmhhfby z˙bgi njzur( uugrn˙zgr thi thz )Tzuh mhgx puhdkag Pbhngr/ thi TzT Trunrhbdkubd v†y uu˙zy tuhx tuhx uu˙zy v†y Trunrhbdkubd TzT thi Pbhngr/ puhdkag dgsgbegiw ngi sTr; hHshaehhyw TaFbzhag yrTshmh†bgkg bhy dgaygryw uu†x sh yurgnx-jhu,-TrTbzahrubdgi z˙bgi z˙bgi yurgnx-jhu,-TrTbzahrubdgi sh uu†x dgaygryw bhy m†k T Pkux kgci s˙yag I ITkdgnhhbg s†x bhy dguugi thz thz pTrTi c˙ c˙ pTrTi thz w x ekuhxygryhr/ T pui dguu†ri Trhcgrdgbungi kgcbx- cTzubsgr T b†r iw mud†cayrhf hHshag xPgmhphag ngd z˙i c˙ tubsz tuhl/ tubsz c˙ z˙i ngd w x tui zhh zhl ngi v†y erhxyi pui eukyur-xhxygo/ T zhlw pTr xpgrg אַ בריוו וועגן חײם גראַדען thhi n†k sgrvTkyi nhr pui jhho jhho pui nhr sgrvTkyi n†k thhi dguu†ri cTayhny chi thl dutknTi/ zr szahhe†cx vhbsg uu†kubyhr tubszgr drTsg T crhuuw uuU gr sgrmhhky tubszw tubszw sgrmhhky gr uuU crhuuw T drTsg p†ruo/ sgo pui p†rzhmgr pTri †ar pui Trfhuu thbgo dgpubgi v†y Tz T e†kgdg z˙bgr T ar˙cgr v†y v†y ar˙cgr T z˙bgr e†kgdg T Tz thmhe pui arhpy T ayauyahbxeh muuhh hubdg ygfygr tui zhh bhhyhei zhl zhl bhhyhei zhh tui ygfygr hubdg muuhh v†ci p†ruo pui xgz†i grayi pTri pui zfrubu, ≈ drTsg Ijhho y I t uu†ke h uTgg Tygw uk g uuhb- sgr uu˙k nTbykgiw uuTrgng thi jhho dgxyrgsbgr: phr t˙bdgkTsi nhr h†rm˙y 52xyi drTsgx mu / I pr˙bs T ygr thz eTky tui zhh e†bgi bhy dhhi dhhi bhy e†bgi zhh tui eTky thz ygr b/ tui chek aknv khhuuhew v/ drTsgw nhr uu˙k crhuu sgo †P nhr sruei i cgy gr tubszw nhr z†ki z†ki nhr tubszw gr cgy i cf xeuk/ thi sgo dggpby v†y drTsg jhho nhbe†uu/ - pTrth uugy crhuu sgr Tz vTkyiw t˙bkTsi sgo e†kgdg z˙bgo vTkyi vTkyi z˙bgo e†kgdg sgo t˙bkTsi tuhxgrdguuhhby- Ti dgnTfy tui p†ruo w rgs ≈ khhgbgrx/ sh bygrgxhri T kgemhg c˙ tubszgr p†ruo/ )nhr )nhr p†ruo/ tubszgr c˙ kgemhg T gr v†y †i sgn†ky pui t˙bsrue/ i kgf pkgdi sgn†ky m†ki 051 s†kTr pTr T T pTr s†kTr 051 m†ki sgn†ky pkgdi mu c†pTk†/ cTzufy Fxsr h†r sr˙mi bhu-h†rew c†pTk†w thi thz 1591 hi kgemhg/( v†y drTsg PTxhryw Tz sgr sgr Tz PTxhryw drTsg v†y kgemhg/( mudgmuhdi gr v†y z˙bgr kgemhg hgsgr euk- hHshagr T dguu†ri dgdrhbsgy t ngr tui ngr muvgrgr/ c†pTk† thz thz c†pTk† muvgrgr/ ngr tui ngr dguugi thz thbhmhTy†r sgr yur-p†ruo/ kgemhg T vTkyi dgsTrpy v†y e†kgdg I chfgr phk / ay†y IdrTsgx dguu†ri sgr pui shrgey†r sgn†kyhegr sgr v[ w z tuh; ]vnal dguu†ri/ pTreuhpy s†ry zgbgi z˙bg - tkg r I s sgrmHubdw hHshagr pTr chur†

YIVO News Winter 2008 ג30 מאַקס ווײַנרײַכס געשיכטע פֿון דער יידישער שפּראַך קומט אַרויס אין אַ פֿולער ענגלישער איבערזעצונג tui ≤ufheg xPgmhphaehhy uuU Tbsgrg v†ci dgzgi ckuhz ckuhz dgzgi v†ci Tbsgrg uuU xPgmhphaehhy ≤ufheg tui srue pui Truhxmudhhi drhhy auhi thz Trcgy h†ri kTbdg †l sruhxbsheg dgdkhfbehhy/ sh cTdrhpi TaFbz uuh T dTbmehhy dTbmehhy T uuh TaFbz cTdrhpi sh dgdkhfbehhy/ sruhxbsheg dgahf- uu˙br˙fx nTex pui thcgrzgmubd gbdkhag pukg sh b tui srl-vax uuh sh xPgmhphaehhy pui hHshai kgci gpgbgi gpgbgi kgci hHshai pui xPgmhphaehhy sh uuh srl-vax tui sgr v†y †rhdhbTk hHshai sgo / aPrTl hHshagr sgr pui yg b˙g PgrxPgeyhuui pTr sgr hHshagr aPrTfp†raubd cpry cpry aPrTfp†raubd hHshagr sgr pTr PgrxPgeyhuui b˙g thcgrzgmubdw vTkcg graygw sh 3791` thi Truhxdgdgci hHuu† tui pTr sgr p†raubd pui sgr hHshagr eukyur-dgahfyg eukyur-dgahfyg hHshagr sgr pui p†raubd sgr pTr tui uugrew pubgo ygexy sgo ckuhz Tr˙bdgbungi v†y uu†x cfkk/ sgr uuhsgrTbTbs s˙yag hHsi ≈ Puhkhag hHsi pTrkhry pTrkhry hHsi Puhkhag ≈ hHsi s˙yag uuhsgrTbTbs sgr cfkk/ sh x˙ Tr˙i bgny tuhpkTdg b˙g sh 0891/ thi Truhx thz kjkuyhi z˙i cTy˙y thi khfy pui TaFbz uuh T dTbmehhyw dTbmehhyw T uuh TaFbz pui khfy thi cTy˙y z˙i kjkuyhi thcgrdgzgmy vgru,/ cgbs muuhh sh x˙ ygexyw cgbs muuhh tui sgr cTdrh; srl-vax uu˙zy †i tuh; sgr thbygdrTkgr thbygdrTkgr sgr tuh; †i uu˙zy srl-vax cTdrh; sgr tui b†ck r I s b†r vw I g b†ck aknv r I s v†y uugre dTbmg s†x chbsubd pui eukyur tui aPrTlw kgci tui ayhhdgr kgci/ thi thi kgci/ ayhhdgr tui kgci aPrTlw tui eukyur pui chbsubd ckuhz sruew muo dTbmg s†x mumudrhhyi sgrkgcy bhay v†y פּוקליקאַציעס sgr a˙i pui srl-vax e†i ngi hHsha bhy Tbsgra cTbgngi cTbgngi Tbsgra bhy hHsha ngi e†i srl-vax pui a˙i sgr mu dkgzgr vgrak r I s tuh; dgpTki thz Tkhhi/ ygexy sgo / ha hHshai pukaygbshei T uuh - rg gr v†y h†r mgi pui nal thi Trcgy` sh pTrgbshei I b˙gow sgo rgsTeyhry vgru,w sh sgrdTbmy tui sTeyhry :[ c˙ gbdg gbdg c˙ :[ srl-vax pui aPrTl Ish eTPhykw srhyi ]pubgo dgkhh- n†k xl T tui uugre dTbmi muo zufmgyk sgrdTbmyi pTrchbsubdgi muuhai muuhh ehcumho thz bhy ahhlw Tz thhi ms ms thhi Tz ahhlw bhy thz ehcumho muuhh muuhai pTrchbsubdgi bhay ≈ pTrbgo sgo pui uugre T ITruo e†rgeyur/ gby z†k z˙i surfuhx sgr dgcgr tui sgr muuhhygr surfuhx sgr sgr surfuhx muuhhygr sgr tui dgcgr sgr surfuhx z˙i z†k Trcgy sh thz e†nPkhmhryxw TzT tuhl b†r kTbdxw TzT b†r bgngr//// tuhc ngi egi zhl thi Tzgkfg pTki cfkk sgrdrubyg- cfkk pTki Tzgkfg thi zhl egi ngi tuhc bgngr//// sh muuhai Tz Truhxdguuhziw zhl v†y sgrmu drhbdg/ ehhi bhay uugi muo †PayTow thz b†r surl Pry-p†raubdgiw tui ngi ngi tui Pry-p†raubdgiw surl b†r thz †PayTow muo uugi bhay zhl v†y crgbdy uu˙br˙l uu†x nrtv-neunu, yuhzbygr nuz pTrdgxi thi sgr p†ruhxhegr nhhbubd pui p†ragrx pui pui p†ragrx pui nhhbubd p†ruhxhegr sgr thi pTrdgxi nuz ygu, T mh sTyg pTkag T ≈ dr˙z T Tr˙bdgfTPy n†k thhi T prHgrshei surw Tz uuh cTks T dgdkhfbehhy thz T xhniw Tz Tz xhniw T thz dgdkhfbehhy T cTks uuh Tz surw prHgrshei T v†y w x †sgr ≈ njcr T pui b†ngi T thi †sgr yhyk T thi hHsi v†ci dgbungi pubgo Truow ctar hHsi z˙bgi s†l dguugi dguugi s†l z˙bgi hHsi ctar Truow pubgo dgbungi v†ci hHsi w mu cTnhy zhl thl v†c sTyg/ T mh b†ngi T dgpgky cFkk thz zhfgrw Tz sh bhy-hHshag afbho z˙bgi z˙bgi afbho bhy-hHshag sh Tz zhfgrw thz x nhb†rhygy/ T dgk†zy/ zhl v†y w x uuhpk tuh; nrtv-neunu, sh sgrdTbmi thi Tkg m˙yi dguugi †berhhyhe tuh; hHshag uuhreubdgi uuhreubdgi hHshag tuh; †berhhyhe dguugi m˙yi Tkg thi Truhx thz w x uugi dgkgcy bhay auhi v†y uu˙br˙l uu†x s†x thi aPrhfuugrygrw thsh†ngiw khsgrw kgdgbsgxw rgygbhai rgygbhai kgdgbsgxw khsgrw thsh†ngiw aPrhfuugrygrw thi Tuu- v†y ≈ 9691 hTbuTr dgay†rci thz gr ≈ kgcbxuugre z˙i sth dgaygryw uuh tuhlw uu†x gr v†y c˙o xu; pui z˙i kgci kgci z˙i pui xu; c˙o v†y gr uu†x tuhlw uuh dgaygryw sth dgvTy zhhgr T auuTfg rthv/ uugi gr uu†ky dguuUxyw Tz sh sh Tz dguuUxyw uu†ky gr uugi rthv/ auuTfg T zhhgr dgvTy b˙xyg tuhpkTdg uugy v†ci b†l uuhhbhegr dr˙zi uuh prHgrw prHgrw uuh dr˙zi uuhhbhegr b†l v†ci uugy tuhpkTdg b˙xyg / / I muprhsi zhhgr dguugi Tuusth gr uu†ky kFçus sgr huo-yuçshegr dgaggbha sruei nhr s† thcgr thcgr s† nhr sruei dgaggbha huo-yuçshegr sgr kFçus jkeho pubgo Tr˙bphr muo †rhdhbTkw uuh tuhl tuhxmudi pubgo pubgo tuhxmudi tuhl uuh †rhdhbTkw muo Tr˙bphr pubgo jkeho ygexyw uu†x zhh v†ci cphrua T a˙fu, mu sgr v˙byhegr v˙byhegr sgr mu a˙fu, T cphrua v†ci zhh uu†x ygexyw dgkgdbvhhy: ]pubgo Tr˙bphr:[ sgr hHuu† crgbdy thmy Truhx thi sgr gpby- sgr thi Truhx thmy crgbdy hHuu† sgr Tr˙bphr:[ ]pubgo dgahfyg pui sgr sgr pui dgahfyg phrcgbsheg uu˙br˙fx nTex r I s kgfehhy nhy T cTzubsgr prhhs tui hHrt,-vFçusw tui tui hHrt,-vFçusw tui prhhs cTzubsgr T nhy aPrTl hHshagr tuhl nhy T dgphk pui tungy/ sh prhhs thz uu†x gx thz neuho neuho thz gx uu†x thz prhhs sh tungy/ pui dgphk T nhy tuhl dguu†ri T jkuow th pui hHuu† th pui njcr/ sgr hHrt,-vFçus hHrt,-vFçus sgr njcr/ pui th hHuu† pui th jkuow T dguu†ri - uuh tui Trcgy p†ragrhag uuhpk nhw uuhpk uuhhxi nhr uu˙k ≈ pk cehtu, sgr njcr v†y thi sgo cul Tr˙bddgkhhdyw tui tui Tr˙bddgkhhdyw cul sgo thi v†y njcr sgr cehtu, pk sgr tungy ≈ uu†x sgr njcr v†y bhy zufv dguugi mu zgi sh sh zgi mu dguugi zufv bhy v†y njcr sgr uu†x ≈ tungy sgr kgmydhkyheg prufy pui T kgci Trcgy/ kgci T pui prufy kgmydhkyheg s†x thz bhy ehhi dguuhhbykgfg p†ragrhag Trcgy/ s†x thz thz s†x Trcgy/ p†ragrhag dguuhhbykgfg ehhi bhy thz s†x nna T kgcbxuugre/ auhi thi z˙i graygr uuhxbaTpykgfgr uuhxbaTpykgfgr graygr z˙i thi auhi kgcbxuugre/ T nna ne u˙rl †uxgg sx thm- s†x p†ruhxdgzgi uu˙br˙l nTex r I s v†y Trcgy - †bdgru gr v†y ayTPkgi hxus/ z˙i dgkhhdy tui uugre yheg pi z˙i gray culw tui z˙i uu˙ygrshegr p†ragrhagr dTbd dTbd p†ragrhagr uu˙ygrshegr z˙i tui culw gray z˙i pi thz yTeg cTayTbgi thi mudgci T ayTPk b†l T ayTPk mu mu ayTPk T b†l ayTPk T mudgci thi cTayTbgi yTeg thz sgo dgc˙ pui sgr dgahfyg pui sgr hHshagr aPrTl chz gr gr chz aPrTl hHshagr sgr pui dgahfyg sgr pui dgc˙ sgo v†y sgo cbhi nakho dguugi eur. pTr z˙i Pyhrv thi 9691/ 9691/ thi Pyhrv z˙i pTr eur. dguugi nakho cbhi sgo v†y tui uu˙k gr v†y sh Pr†ckgo dgvTkyi pTr sh tuhdi Fngy Fngy tuhdi sh pTr dgvTkyi Pr†ckgo sh v†y gr uu˙k tui T vTkci h†rvubsgry v†y zhl tho t˙bdgdgci mu sgrzgi sgrzgi mu t˙bdgdgci tho zhl v†y h†rvubsgry vTkci T dTbmehhy s†ry uuU Tbsgrg v†ci dgzgi ckuhz prTdngbyiw prTdngbyiw ckuhz dgzgi v†ci Tbsgrg uuU s†ry dTbmehhy

ב31 pui hHuu† pui hshgu,

¤ ¤ YIVO N e w s 20088002 uuhbygr √ 2042 40 bun 40סטער סיום פֿון דער זומער–פּראָגראַם r˙yhe sgo 3yi tuhduxy v†ci sgr hHuu† hHuu† sgr v†ci tuhduxy 3yi sgo r˙yhe nhyi bhu-h†regr tubhuugrxhygy dgPrTuugy dgPrTuugy tubhuugrxhygy bhu-h†regr nhyi p sgo 04xyi xhuo pui sgr Pr†drTo thi hHshagr hHshagr thi Pr†drTo sgr pui xhuo 04xyi sgo b turhtk turhtk b I t eukyur tui khygrTyur aPrTlw uu˙br˙l/ dgeungi tuhpi xhuo zgbgi sh ebTPg ebTPg sh zgbgi xhuo tuhpi dgeungi uu˙br˙l/ pupmhe v˙h†rheg xyusgbyiw nhy sh kgrgrxw kgrgrxw sh nhy xyusgbyiw v˙h†rheg pupmhe ngmgbTyiw hHuu†-nhyTrcgygrxw duyg-pr˙bs duyg-pr˙bs hHuu†-nhyTrcgygrxw ngmgbTyiw tui cTeTbyg/ tui uuh Tkg h†r zgbgi sh xyusgbyi Truhxdgyr†yi Truhxdgyr†yi xyusgbyi sh zgbgi h†r Tkg uuh nhy xegyaiw dgzTbdw e†nP†zhmhgx tui Tkhhi Tkhhi tui e†nP†zhmhgx dgzTbdw xegyaiw nhy dgarhcgbg khsgr/ hutk r†zgbckuo pui nhygkg nhygkg pui r†zgbckuo hutk khsgr/ dgarhcgbg - dguug T thhPrhkw auugxygr z˙i uu†x thhbxw zgbg xyusgbyeg thi sgr zungr-Pr†drTow zungr-Pr†drTow sgr thi xyusgbyeg zgbg v†y tho thbxPhrhry zhl mu kgrbgi tui rgsy rgsy tui kgrbgi mu zhl thbxPhrhry tho v†y nhy tho tuh; hHshaw v†y sgekTnhry Prmgx Prmgx sgekTnhry v†y hHshaw tuh; tho nhy ` sgr sgr ` I ergyang T thz uugky sh bhayw Inhhi dTbmgr ekTx nhygkg thhbx v†y phrdgkhhgby phrdgkhhgby v†y thhbx nhygkg ekTx dTbmgr / I ahl uu†di IT xumeguugrx sh xyusgbyhag dgzgdi-rgsg v†ci dgvTkyi dgvTkyi v†ci dgzgdi-rgsg xyusgbyhag sh nTre j˙y†uuhya tui sçurv ayrTuxw pui pui ayrTuxw sçurv tui j˙y†uuhya nTre nhygkg muuhhw nhy mçh auxygrw pubgo TuuTb- pubgo auxygrw mçh nhy muuhhw nhygkg ekTx/ xhryi אונטערנעמונג לזכּרון יאַן קאַרסקי sgr dTxyrgsbgr thz dguugi hub,i c†hTrhiw c†hTrhiw hub,i dguugi thz dTxyrgsbgr sgr thz dgcuhri dguu†ri thi 4191 thi k†sza/ gr gr k†sza/ thi 4191 thi dguu†ri dgcuhri thz Tuu- thz )4191-0002( eTrxeh hTi b†ngi gr mpui- thi khnusho hHshag pui Pr†pgx†r v†y ayushry tuh; shPk†nTyw b†r thhsgr gr gr thhsgr b†r shPk†nTyw tuh; ayushry v†y khhgbgrx/ tubszgrg pui xl T cTeTby sth s - dguug T Tkhhi tui tubhuugrxhygy eTr†k˙bgr i i tuhxdgcr†f thz eTrhgrg z˙i †bdgvuhci v†y xeukP- T tuhpsgei pubgo dgkgdbvhhy sgr mu thi kgrgr dguugzgbgr T tui xyusgby zgbgr sh muuhhyg uugky-nkjnv/ cag, gr thz dguugi dguugi thz gr cag, uugky-nkjnv/ muuhhyg sh thcgr- FsTh †cgrw thzw †bsgbe z˙i thi yur b†l v†y c†hTrhi w Pr†p zungr-Pr†drTo/ sgr thi nhzrj-Puhki )yTrbgPk( thz gr Tr˙bdgpTki Tr˙bdgpTki gr thz )yTrbgPk( nhzrj-Puhki thi ch†drTphg/ z˙i pui Pryho P†r T mudgci dguugi hubv-vgra zui z˙i thz v˙h†r hHjux: T mu sh x†uugyiw b†r thz pui zhh Tbyk†pi/ )aPg- Tbyk†pi/ zhh pui thz b†r x†uugyiw sh mu muuhh/ nhygkg thi xyusgby T ygr uugki T xl pui z˙bg e†kgdi tuneungi c˙ c˙ tuneungi e†kgdi z˙bg pui xl T uugki ygr e†zagkguuxeh( vhho: sgr )pui eTrxeh hTi s[ w z tuh; ]vnal sh x†uugyi thi eTyhi/( thi x†uugyi sh - dku,-rg Puhkhagr sgr pTr akhj T gr uugry YIVO Institute for Jewish Research dhrubd/ muuhai z˙bg akhju,i: s†x thcgrdgci thcgrdgci s†x akhju,i: z˙bg muuhai dhrubd/ sgr crhyhagr tui TngrheTbgr rgdhrubd uugdi uugdi rgdhrubd TngrheTbgr tui crhyhagr sgr 15 West 16th Street • New York • NY • 10011-6301 sgo hHshai jurci/ pTri Truhxdbçgbgi zhl pui pui zhl Truhxdbçgbgi pTri jurci/ hHshai sgo v[ w z tuh; ]vnal אינהאַלט

tw s tw √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ zungr-Pr†drTo sgr pui xhuo

v v tw √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ eTrxeh hTi

c c √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ dgahfyg uu˙br˙fx nTex

d d √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ h†rm˙y 52xygr drTsgx jhho

s s √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ zungr-Pr†drTo sgr pui sTbecrhuu

u √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ zungr-Pr†drTo uuTraguugr

z √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ uur†cgk gyT

z √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ hshgu, pui dgahfyg