Country Profile: Mali
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Security Council Distr.: General 28 December 2020
United Nations S/2020/1281* Security Council Distr.: General 28 December 2020 Original: English Situation in Mali Report of the Secretary-General I. Introduction 1. By its resolution 2531 (2020), the Security Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) until 30 June 2021 and requested me to report to the Council every three months on the implementation of the resolution. The present report covers major developments in Mali since my previous report (S/2020/952) of 29 September. As requested in the statement by the President of the Security Council of 15 October (S/PRST/2020/10), it also includes updates on the Mission’s support for the political transition in the country. II. Major developments 2. Efforts towards the establishment of the institutions of the transition, after the ousting of the former President, Ibrahim Boubacar Keita on 18 August in a coup d’état, continued to dominate political developments in Mali. Following the appointment in late September of the President of the Transition, Bah N’Daw, the Vice-President, Colonel Assimi Goïta, and the Prime Minister, Moctar Ouane, on 1 October, a transition charter was issued. On 5 October, a transitional government was formed, and, on 3 December, President Bah N’Daw appointed the 121 members of the Conseil national de Transition, the parliament of the Transition. Political developments 1. Transitional arrangements 3. On 1 October, Malian authorities issued the Transition Charter, adopted in September during consultations with political leaders, civil society representatives and other national stakeholders. The Charter outlines the priorities, institutions and modalities for an 18-month transition period to be concluded with the holding of presidential and legislative elections. -
Reconstructing Local Orders in Mali: Historical Perspectives and Future Challenges
Local Orders Paper Series BROOKINGS PAPER 7 | July 2017 Reconstructing local orders in Mali: Historical perspectives and future challenges ANDREW LEBOVICH ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to first and foremost thank Vanda Felbab-Brown, Shadi Hamid, and Harold Trinkunas for their invitation to participate in the Local Orders Seminar in early 2016, which allowed for an early presentation of what would become this paper. I would also like to extend my deepest thanks to Shadi and particularly Vanda for their kindness and infinite patience with delays on my end and the exigencies of doctoral research and travel while writing and revising this paper. They have shown uncommon grace throughout this process, and repeatedly pushed me to write and present this material in a form more approachable and digestible for a non-academic readership. Their comments and edits, as well as those of the anonymous reviewers, have made this a significantly stronger paper than it would have otherwise been. Additional thanks are due to Bradley Porter for his own tireless organizational efforts, as well as to Anthony Yazaki for his expert editing of the penultimate version of this paper. This publication could not have been finished without their tireless efforts. Brookings recognizes that the value it provides to any supporter is in its absolute commitment to quality, independence, and impact. Activities supported by its donors reflect this commitment, and the analysis and recommendations of the Institution’s scholars are not determined by any donation. Local Orders Paper Series ABOUT THE RECONSTITUTING LOCAL ORDERS PROJECT Led by Brookings Senior Fellows Vanda Felbab-Brown, Shadi Hamid, and Harold Trinkunas, the Brookings Seminar on Reconstituting Local Orders seeks to better understand how domestic political order breaks down and is reconstituted. -
The Political Economy of Trafficking and Trade in the Sahara: Instability and Opportunities
The Political Economy of Trafficking and Trade in the Sahara: Instability and Opportunities Mark Shaw and Tuesday Reitano Sahara Knowledge Exchange World Bank December 2014 This paper is part of the Sahara Knowledge Exchange. The Fragility, Conflict and Violence Group is undertaking this exchange to better understand the linkages between security, governance, and development in the Sahara and explore how a stronger focus on development can improve regional stability. It brings together World Bank staff working in the Africa and Middle East and North Africa (MENA) regions with, inter alia, experts from academia, think tanks, and development agencies. This process includes a number of papers and events that we hope will inform the Bank’s engagement with its partners in this volatile and important region. 1 Table of Contents Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................... 3 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................ 4 Old and new trends .......................................................................................................................... 4 When protection is a commodity ..................................................................................................... 5 Policy responses ............................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... -
MALI Northern Takeover Internally Displaces at Least 118,000 People
1 October 2012 MALI Northern takeover internally displaces at least 118,000 people Few could have predicted that Mali, long considered a beacon of democ- racy in West Africa, would in less than a year see half its territory overrun by Islamic militants and a tenth of its northern population internally dis- placed. Instability and insecurity result- ing from clashes between government forces and Tuareg separatists and pro- liferation of armed groups in northern Mali in the wake of a coup d’état have combined with a Sahel-wide food crisis to force some 393,000 Malians from their homes since January 2012, some 118,800 of whom are estimated to be Malians who fled the unrest in the northeastern city of Gao wait at a bus internally displaced. station in Bamako to return to Gao, September 2012. REUTERS/Adama Diarra Some 35,300 people are displaced across Mali’s vast three northern regions, living in town with host fami- lies or out in the open in makeshift shelters. Most of the 83,400 IDPs who have taken refuge in the south are staying with host families. Both IDPs and host families face severe shortages of food, access to health care and basic necessities. Many IDPs have lost their sources of livelihoods and children’s education has been severely jeopardised. The nascent government of national unity, which took power in August 2012 after prolonged instability, has taken some steps to respond to health, nutrition and education needs but serious concerns remain for the vast majority of the displaced who still lack access to basic services. -
The Roots of Mali's Conflict
The roots of Mali’s conflict The roots Mali’s of The roots of Mali’s conflict Moving beyond the 2012 crisis CRU Report Grégory Chauzal Thibault van Damme The roots of Mali’s conflict Moving beyond the 2012 crisis Grégory Chauzal Thibault van Damme CRU report March 2015 The Sahel Programme is supported by March 2015 © Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders. About the authors Grégory Chauzal is a senior research fellow at Clingendael’s Conflict Research Unit. He specialises in Mali/Sahel issues and develops the Maghreb-Sahel Programme for the Institute. Thibault Van Damme works for Clingendael’s Conflict Research Unit as a project assistant for the Maghreb-Sahel Programme. About CRU The Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’ is a think tank and diplomatic academy on international affairs. The Conflict Research Unit (CRU) is a specialized team within the Institute, conducting applied, policy-oriented research and developing practical tools that assist national and multilateral governmental and non-governmental organizations in their engagement in fragile and conflict-affected situations. Clingendael Institute P.O. Box 93080 2509 AB The Hague The Netherlands Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.clingendael.nl/ Table of Contents Acknowledgements 6 Executive summary 8 Introduction 10 1. The 2012 crisis: the fissures of a united insurrection 10 2. A coup in the south 12 3. -
Pdf | 749.29 Kb
UNHCR MALI OPERATIONAL UPDATE MARCH MAY 2017 UNHCR and its partner ADES carry out monitoring activities for the restoration of water points in the region of Timbuktu. © ADES KEY FIGURES 930 HIGHLIGHTS Mauritanian refugees and host community members from the region of Kayes participated in 79 protection sensitization sessions on the incidents were prevention and response to sexual registered in the and gender-based violence (SGBV). regions of Gao, Mopti, Timbuktu, 627 Menaka and Kidal refugee returnees and local during the month of community members participated May. The majority in sensitization sessions on social of incidents relate cohesion to foster greater to extortion, early tolerance and understanding and forced between communities. marriage, injuries, robberies and FUNDING death threats. Since January 2017, 335 incidents have been registered with the majority of incidents taking place in Gao and Timbuktu. USD 40 million UNHCR’s partner, AMSS, carried out a sensitization activity on the protection requested for the operation of talibé children and human rights in a time of conflict that reached 23 people including refugee returnees and local community members in the region of Gao. Funded 8% UNHCR’s partner, Stop Sahel, carried out 63 sensitization sessions on the Gap importance of education for children, particularly girls, in the region of Kayes. 92% These sessions reached 1,183 persons including Mauritanian refugees and local community members. Population of concern (April 2017) PRIORITIES IDP returnees (gov't) 487,011 . 7 partners targeted to receive support and capacity development Malian refugees 143,567 for the response of humanitarian needs of IDPs IDPs (gov't) 58,985 . -
1 Walther and Retaillé Mapping the Sahelian Space Olivier J. Walther1
Mapping the Sahelian Space Olivier J. Walther1 and Denis Retaillé2 Revised draft, 8365 words, 1 May 2017 Abstract This chapter examines the geographical meaning of the Sahel, its fluid boundaries, and its spatial dynamics. Unlike other approaches that define the Sahel as a bioclimatic zone or as an ungoverned area, it shows that the Sahel is primarily a space of circulation in which uncertainty has historically been overcome by mobility. The first part of the paper discusses how pre-colonial empires relied on a network of markets and cities that facilitated trade and social relationships across the region and beyond. The second part explores changing regional mobility patterns precipitated by colonial powers and the new approach they developed to control networks and flows. The third part discusses the contradiction between the mobile strategies adopted by local herders, farmers and traders in the Sahel and the territorial development initiatives of modern states and international donors. Particular attention is paid in the last section to how the Sahel was progressively redefined through a security lens. Acknowledgements The authors thank the OECD for their permission to use some of the maps of the Atlas of the Sahara-Sahel, and Al Howard for his useful comments on an earlier version of the chapter. Indivisible Sahel and Sahara Located far away from the seaports of the Gulf of Guinea and separated from North Africa by the world’s largest desert, the Sahel has often been envisioned as an arid strip of land in which sedentary and nomadic peoples clash periodically. The global humanitarian response that followed the famines of the 1970s and 1980s temporarily brought the Sahel into international headlines and initiated a durable investment in food security and new forms of nongovernmentability (Mann 2014) but the region remained a peripheral area of interest in the scholarly community. -
S/2018/58 Security Council
United Nations S/2018/58 Security Council Distr.: General 31 January 2018 English Original: French Letter dated 22 January 2018 from the Permanent Representative of Mali to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council On instructions from my Government, I have the honour to transmit herewith the following documents: (a) A memorandum dated 22 January 2018 on the implementation of the Agreement on Peace and Reconciliation in Mali emanating from the Algiers process (see annex I); (b) A timeline of priority actions dated 16 January 2018, agreed to by the Malian parties and endorsed at the twenty-third meeting of the Agreement Monitoring Committee (see annex II); (c) The communiqués of the twenty-second and twenty-third meetings of the Agreement Monitoring Committee (see annexes III and IV). (Signed) Issa Konfourou Ambassador and Permanent Representative 18-01460 (E) 090218 160218 *1801460* S/2018/58 Annex I to the letter dated 22 January 2018 from the Permanent Representative of Mali to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council Memorandum on the implementation of the Agreement on Peace and Reconciliation in Mali emanating from the Algiers process, signed on 15 May and finalized on 20 June 2015 at Bamako Situation in January 2018 2/19 18-01460 S/2018/58 I. Introduction The implementation of the Agreement on Peace and Reconciliation in Mali emanating from the Algiers process, signed at Bamako on 15 May and finalized on 20 June 2015, is continuing thanks to the combined efforts of the Malian parties (the Government, the Coordination des mouvements de l’Azawad and the Platform coalition of armed groups), with the support of the international mediation team. -
S2mv1905mlia0l-Mliadm223-Mali.Pdf
CARTE ADMINISTRATIVE - MALI Map No: MLIADM223 12°0'W 10°0'W 8°0'W 6°0'W 4°0'W 2°0'W 0°0' 2°0'E 4°0'E !! El Mzereb RÉPUBLIQUE DU MALI CARTE DE RÉFÉRENCE !^ Capitale Nationale Route Principale Ts!alabia Plateau N N ' ' 0 0 ° ° 4 ! 4 2 .! Chef-lieu Région Route Secondaire 2 ! ! Chef-lieu Cercle Frontière Internationale ! Dâyet Boû el Athem ! Chef-lieu Commune Limite Région ! Teghaza 7 Aéroport Fleuve Réserve/Forêts Classées Lac Zone Marécageuse ! A L G É R I E ! Bir Chali Cette carte a été réalisée selon le découpage administratif du Mali à partir des données de la Direction Nationale des Collectivités Territoriales (DNCT). ! Taoudenni ! Sources: Agorgot - Direction Nationale des Collectivités Territroriales (DNCT), Mali - Esri, USGS, NOAA - Open Street Map !In Dagouber Coordinate System: Geographic N N ' ! ' 0 Datum : WGS 1984 El Ghetara 0 ° ° 2 2 2 2 1:2,200,000 0 100 200 Tazouikert ! ! Kilometres ! ! Bir Ouane Tamanieret Oumm El Jeyem ! ! ! In-Afarak http://mali.humanitarianresponse.info El Ksaib Tagnout Chagueret ! In Techerene ! Foum El Alba ! ! Amachach Kal Tessalit ! ! Tessalit Taounnant In Echai ! ! N N ' Boughessa! ' 0 0 ° ° 0 ! ! 0 2 ! 2 ! Tanezrouft pist Tinzawatène Kal Tadhak Telakak ! T O M B O U C T O U Taghlit ! Bezzeg Tin Tersi ! K I D A L ! Iradjanatene Tassendjit! ! Tin Ezeman ! Tin Karr ! Aguel-Hoc Ouan Madroin! ! ! Adrar Tin Oulli Inabag ! ! Tafainak ! El M! raiti ! Inabag Kal Relle Tadjmart Avertissement: Les limites, les noms et les désignations utilisés sur cette carte n’impliquent pas une reconnaissance ! Abeïbara Elb Techerit ! ou acceptation officielle des Nations Unies. -
Empires of Medieval West Africa
GREAT EMPIRES OF THE PAST Empires of Medieval WestAfrica Ghana, Mali, and Songhay DAVID C. CONRAD Great Empires of the Past: EMPIRES OF MEDIEVAL WEST AFRICA Copyright © 2005 David C. Conrad David C. Conrad is professor of African history at the State University of New York, Oswego. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, contact: Facts On File, Inc. 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Conrad, David C. Empires of medieval West Africa : Ghana, Mali, and Songhay / David Conrad. p. cm. — (Great empires of the past) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8160-5562-9 (acid-free paper) 1. Ghana (Empire) — History — Juvenile literature. 2. Mali (Empire) — History — Juvenile literature. 3. Songhai Empire — History — Juvenile literature. 4. Soninke (African people) — History — Juvenile literature. 5. Mandingo (African people) — History — Juvenile literature. 6. Ethnology — Africa, West — History — Juvenile literature. 7. Africa, West — History — To 1884 — Juvenile literature. 8. Africa — History — To 1498 — Juvenile literature. I. Title. II. Series. DT532.C66 2005 966'.021 — dc22 2004028478 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institu- tions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Produced by the Shoreline Publishing Group LLC Editorial Director: James Buckley Jr. -
Security Council Distr.: General 28 December 2020
United Nations S/2020/1281 Security Council Distr.: General 28 December 2020 Original: English Situation in Mali Report of the Secretary-General I. Introduction 1. By its resolution 2531 (2020), the Security Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) until 30 June 2021 and requested me to report to the Council every three months on the implementation of the resolution. The present report covers major developments in Mali since my previous report (S/2020/952) of 29 September. As requested in the statement by the President of the Security Council of 15 October (S/PRST/2020/10), it also includes updates on the Mission’s support for the political transition in the country. II. Major developments 2. Efforts towards the establishment of the institutions of the transition, after the ousting of the former President, Ibrahim Boubacar Keita on 18 August in a coup d’état, continued to dominate political developments in Mali. Following the appointment in late September of the President of the Transition, Bah N’Daou, the Vice-President, Colonel Assimi Goïta, and the Prime Minister, Moctar Ouane, on 1 October, a transition charter was issued. On 5 October, a transitional government was formed, and, on 3 December, President Bah N’Daou appointed the 121 members of the Conseil national de Transition, the parliament of the Transition. Political developments 1. Transitional arrangements 3. On 1 October, Malian authorities issued the Transition Charter, adopted in September during consultations with political leaders, civil society representatives and other national stakeholders. The Charter outlines the priorities, institutions and modalities for an 18-month transition period to be concluded with the holding of presidential and legislative elections. -
UNHCR POSITION on RETURNS to MALI – Update II
POSITION ON RETURNS TO MALI – UPDATE II UNHCR POSITION ON RETURNS TO MALI – Update II July 2019 Introduction.............................................................................................................................................. 1 Political Developments ............................................................................................................................ 1 Security Situation in Mali ......................................................................................................................... 2 Human Rights Situation .......................................................................................................................... 4 Humanitarian Situation ............................................................................................................................ 5 Refugees and Internal Displacement ...................................................................................................... 6 International Protection Needs and Non-Return Advisory ...................................................................... 7 Voluntary Returns ................................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction 1. This position supersedes and replaces UNHCR’s Position on Returns to Mali – Update I from January 2014.1 Despite concerted multilateral engagement and a 2015 peace agreement, the north and centre of Mali continue to be affected by conflict.2 Due to persistent violence, intercommunity-clashes,