Toarcian

Aalenian Avialae

170 Bajocian Ornithuromorpha Bathonian J

ur Callovian assic

Oxfordian Maniraptora Anchio 160 Epidendrosau r

Kimmeridgian nis huxl r us e

150 yi Tithonian Archaeopte

Berriasian r 140 yx lithogr

Valanginian aphica

Hauterivian 130 Eoconfuciuso Barremian Jinguo F alcar Sapeo f r or Jeholo Longic Hongshano Liao Liao ius utahensis Zhongo Shenqio Archaeo nis zhengi Confuciuso P V Eoenantio BMNHC Ph874 BMNHC Ph871 BMNHC Ph1470 BMNHC Ph1458 BMNHC Ph1156 J Sulca Archaeor Xinghaio Ding Iter Y Zhen Sinor tis per unor escor ar ixianosau Y Gansus yumenensis W Micror Micror Shenzhou Longipte Rapax P Catha Eocatha Zhouor Bohaio BMNHC Ph1204 Schiz Zhongjiano Y Y Jianchango Pisciv

120 xior xior Aptian umeno a anor aprotopte r engo ixiano nis chao ulong bohaiensis vis huchz a r r yuanlong suni nithosau vis nis usa nis cur vis longimaxilla r nis BMNHCPh807 nis NIGP130723 ple r r nis hebeiensis nis nis nithur oour nis mar or y aptor zhaoia aptor hanqingi r a r h r or xus vis houi nis hani nis r nis r r vis pani a nis guoi r Aves (Neornithes) nis gr ynchus spathula y nis huangi nis longicresta r nis r vis lii nis r or yx us longima nis sanctus a lii r vipes y r aptor sinensis a meemannae r nis angensis r yx gr eme r nis Cretaceous nis us tini abaui Sinor

110 y acilis er Deino n i

Albian us nithoides n us n ychus antirrhopus 100 Cenomanian Non-volant neognathans ‘Nonornithothoracine avialans’ Enantiornithes ‘Nonavian ornithuromorphs’

Turonian Volant neognathans 90 Neoaves Coniacian

Santonian Neognathae 80 Campanian Citipati Ingenia V eloci 70 Maastrichtian Machai Balaur bondoc r y aptor mongoliensis anshini V r ega Danian asaur vis iaai 60 Selandian us Thanetian

Ypresian F Plesiocatha oro pana 50 P aleogene Limnofregata azygoste Cyr T ‘Nonavialan maniraptorans’ Gallin P ynsky Salmila ro Eoglaucidium pallas Selmes absurdipes Masillatrogon pumilio Quasisyndactylus longib P ar ila ar aprefica k r aor uloides w vis colb ium a eocaena

Lutetian r tes k tygoides messelensis b elle usta unor

40 Bartonian elle y r omingensis i r um Priabonian i r non Diomedea brod r

Rupelian achis 30 Zygodactylus luberonensis

Chattian Bor v k ocarbo stoeff Aquitanian orbi 20

Neogene Burdigalian

Langhian

Serravallian elensis

10 Tortonian

Messinian Mioneophron longirost Zanclean Palaeognathae Pterophanes c Apus apus Chaetu Didunculus st Columba livia Streptopelia tu Caloenas nicoba T Otis tarda Cuculus cano Geococcyx cali Coccyzus er Rallus longirost Gr Fulica ame Phoenicopte Aechmopho Eudoci Char Haematopus ost Himantopus m T T Ster Lar Stercor Fr Alca impennis Alca torda Phaethon aethereus Spheniscus humboldti Aptenodytes f Diomedea Oceanodroma melania Puffin Fulmar Mycter Cochlea P Botaur Ardea alba Fregata minor Sula leucogaster Phalacroco Phalacroco Opisthocom F Anodor Amaz Aphelocoma cali Cor Cor Nectar Pipilo fuscus Haemorhous m T Hir T T Gymnogyps cali Accipiter coope Aquila Aquila ch T Athene cunicula Bubo scandiaca Str Str Leptoso T T Buceros rhinoceros Ramphastos sulfu Colaptes au Cor Merops n Cer Dacelo n Str Rhea ame Apter Casua Tinam Cygn Anas acuta Anas platyrh Cair Somater Numida meleag Callipepla cali Gallus gallus Cotur Phasia Meleag Capr Metallu ur r ur ach roglodytes troglodytes urdus mer yto alba rogon violaceus ockus er alco spa eleca Quat.

0 inga totan atercula arctica us monacha undo r ix neb ix v uthio camelus aco livingstonii nix suscitator us calif acias spatulata vus cor vus br yle torquata ina moschata na hir ycineta bicolor adr im us olor yx austr nix cotur ona ochrocephala us gr ar us solitar r inia z us lentiginosus n ia amer m r n us glacialis ar r r h ulgus carolinensis ius bennetti r apax a tyr a pelagica us cr m us colchicus ius v is gallop r ia ynchus lea ia mollissima us r ulosa o ius cochlea r ius par ustica ubicus r ythrorh ach undo us discolor ysaetos v or r v iseus e ax r icana aeguineae r r ula er r us icana e us hoazin ax harr ax aur r r xulans nicus ianthina is ynchos ythropthal r uber ocif atus us occidentalis ispus ylonica us roseus alis yrh r ius r orster f nix igirostr icana us or e y r f ius tur r e r anopte xican or r asiticus f r er is ii r ynchos a nica f is xican or ynchus r ia or alegus ica v nian r us itus nian o atus isi nica r i i r us is ius us us m r us us us