Blue Ventures & Blue Carbon in Madagascar
Dr Garth Cripps [email protected] Blue Ventures Conservation using social entreprise to conserve marine biodiversity and alleviate poverty
2 Locally Managed Marine Areas Sustainable fisheries management
Aquaculture Blue carbon Community health Education Locally Managed Marine Areas (LMMA) • Velondriake – Madagascar’s first community managed marine protected • Kirindy Mite & the Barren Isles • Amongst the largest LMMAs in the WIO
Sustainable fisheries management • Temporary fisheries closures • Bioeconomic analysis of reserve effect • Octopus cyanea stock assessment • Regional replication of NTZs • Regional fisheries monitoring of fin fish, shark and turtle fisheries
Aquaculture
• Holothurie • Euchaema
Partner: Madagascar Holuthurie SA
10 Population Health and Environment (PHE) FP/RH & WASH - family planning, reproductive health, and water & sanitation
11 Education • J.P. Getty scholarship • Velondriake schools scholarship
• Training12 of local scientists Blue Ventures Conservation Blue carbon – mangrove PES 1. Feasibility assessment of mangrove REDD+ 2. Bundling of mangrove ecosystem services • Enhanced fisheries productivity • Sustainable timber production 1. Feasibility assessment of mangrove REDD+
The feasibility of mangrove REDD projects in the Western Indian Ocean: Linking mangrove conservation and climate change adaptation to the global carbon markets
Lalao Aigrette (BV), Garth Cripps (BV), James Kairo (KMFRI), Sam Purkis (Nova Southeastern University), Bruno Ramamonjisoa (ESSA-Forêts)
Establish the basis for an income-generating mangrove REDD project a. broad-scale assessment to select sites b. pilot sites to investigate feasibility Historical Land Use Land Cover Change for mangroves
• Primarily along west coast
• Satellite image analysis
• Landsat imagery:
• 1990, 2000, 2010
Hotspots: loss 2000-2010
7000
6000 2000-2010 no gain to 2010 (ha) 2000-2010 loss (ha) 5000
2000-2010 gain (ha)
4000 2000-2010 net loss (ha) hectares hectares 3000
2000
1000
0
Location Understanding deforestation and degradation: Agents, Drivers and Underlying causes
Agents: role of natural disturbances conversion to cropland, aquaculture, logging, charcoal production
Drivers: -sea edge (distance) -rivers (distance) -population density; poverty index -villages (distance) -roads (distance) -rivers/channels (distance) -management categories Carbon stock measurements
• Three distinct study sites • Above and below ground biomass
Maintirano • Soil organic carbon
Kirindy Mite
Velondriake Species domination (Total tree carbon stocks (tC/ha)) 300
250 Rhizophoracea
Total tree carbon stocks (tC/ha) 200 Mixed Avicenniacea
150
100 Total tree carbon stocks (tC/ha) stocks carbon tree Total
50
0 Level of degradation (Total tree carbon stocks (tC/ha)) 300
250 intact (0%) Total tree
carbon stocks (tC/ha) exploited 200 (<50%)
150
degraded
100 (>50%) Total tree carbon stocks (tC/ha) stocks carbon tree Total
50
0 Undelying geology (Total tree carbon stocks (tC/ha)) 300
250
Unconsolidated sands
200
mangrove swamp
no data 150
100 Total tree carbon stocks (tC/ha) stocks carbon tree Total Alluvial & lake deposits
50
tertiary limestone Total tree carbon 0 stocks (tC/ha)
Foundations of a REDD+ project • Quantification of GHG emission reductions • Carbon rights • Permanence • Net positive social (and biodiversity) impacts • Additional (net +ve climate change impact) REDD+ project development
Project Idea Note Engage investors Ex ante Voluntary Carbon Standard quantification Enter first (VCS) project description of GHG step of project emission cycle for reductions Climate, Community and generation of Biodiversity Standard (CCBS) credits + project description social impact assessment Contribute to development Prerequisite for of approved mangrove mangrove REDD methodologies REDD+ implementation 2. Bundling of mangrove ecosystem services • Enhanced fisheries productivity (crab & shrimp) • Sustainable timber production 2. Bundling of mangrove ecosystem services a. Fisheries: Developing a mangrove payment for ecosystem services scheme: leveraging private sector investment to alleviate poverty and conserve coastal biodiversity b. Timber: Turning mangrove forest restoration and conservation into a viable business for the coastal people of western Madagascar
Partners: UNIMA Aqualma SA, Honko Mangrove Conservation & Education, Dr James Kairo, Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Hogan Lovells International, London
tCO2e
1,600,000
1,400,000 Project scenario: to date GHG emission 1,200,000 reductions and removals at year t 1,000,000 (tCO2e) LA = The long-term 800,000 average GHG benefit (tCO2e/yr)
600,000
400,000
200,000
- 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 Project year t Advancing Blue Carbon
1. Draw on terrestrial REDD+ experience
2. Collaboration on measuring carbon stocks – still challenging
3. Involvement (as the end user) in the development of approved VCS methodologies
4. Establishment of ownership and user rights – and by extension carbon rights
5. Funding to kick start activities & carbon project cycle costs
6. Technical assistance with carbon project cycle (Winrock Cascade example)
Advancing Blue Carbon
7. Creating a context where individual parties (communities, NGOs, businesses, landowners) can develop mangrove REDD+ projects tailored to local conditions
a. integration / elaboration of existing VCS AFOLU framework
b. promoting project-scale actions & the ‘nested approach’
c. a meaningful say in policy to balance debate
8. Appropriate & timely funding mechanism for seagrass
Thank you!
http://blueventures.org/