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Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries: Sharing Good Practices from Around the World

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ISSN 2070-7010 FAO 644 FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE TECHNICAL PAPER 644 Securing sustainable small-scale Securing sustainable small-scale fisheries: sharing good practices from around the world fisheries: sharing good practices from around the world This document explores good practices in support of sustainable small-scale fisheries and the implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). It includes eight case studies from across the world and it is hoped that the experiences that these present will help inform policy and policy processes and, in this way, promote sustainable small-scale fisheries according to the SSF Guidelines and the human rights-based approach to development (HRBA). ISBN 978-92-5-131260-5 ISSN 2070-7010 FAO 9 789251 312605 CA3041EN/1/01.19 Cover photographs: First row, left to right: Women’s roles are often seen as supportive of men’s productive roles, such as cleaning the fish catch, Myanmar (©FAO/Bel Angeles); Beginnings of local tourism, Myanmar (©FAO/Bel Angeles); A pirogue in Andavadoaka, southwest Madagascar, prepares to sail to the octopus fishing grounds (©Blue Ventures/Anouk Neuhaus). Second row, left to right: Harvesting yellow clams in Uruguay (©FAO/Sebastián Horta); Carrying fish for sale, India (©FAO/V. Vivekanandan/Maarten Bavinck); Restored Rupa Lake in front of the Annapurna range, Nepal (©FAO/Rupa Lake Restoration and Fisheries Cooperative). FAO FISHERIES AND Securing sustainable small-scale AQUACULTURE TECHNICAL fisheries: sharing good practices PAPER from around the world 644 Edited by Lena Westlund Policy, Economics and Institutions Branch FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Rome, Italy and Joseph Zelasney Policy, Economics and Institutions Branch FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Rome, Italy FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2019 Required citation: FAO. 2019. Westlund, L. & Zelasney, J. eds. Securing sustainable small-scale fisheries: sharing good practices from around the world. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 644. Rome. 184 pp. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-131260-5 © FAO, 2019 Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/legalcode/legalcode). Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non-commercial purposes, provided that the work is appropriately cited. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that FAO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the FAO logo is not permitted. If the work is adapted, then it must be licensed under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If a translation of this work is created, it must include the following disclaimer along with the required citation: “This translation was not created by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). FAO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original [Language] edition shall be the authoritative edition. Disputes arising under the licence that cannot be settled amicably will be resolved by mediation and arbitration as described in Article 8 of the licence except as otherwise provided herein. The applicable mediation rules will be the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules and any arbitration will be conducted in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). Third-party materials. Users wishing to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures or images, are responsible for determining whether permission is needed for that reuse and for obtaining permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. Sales, rights and licensing. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. Requests for commercial use should be submitted via: www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request. Queries regarding rights and licensing should be submitted to: [email protected]. iii Preparation of this document This document on Securing sustainable small-scale fisheries: sharing good practices from around the world has been prepared by the FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department and contains a total of eight papers (see list of contributors). The papers have been technically edited by Lena Westlund and Joseph Zelasney. Assistance in reviewing papers by Anthony Charles (St Mary’s University, Nova Scotia, Canada), Serge Garcia (Fisheries Expert Group, IUCN Commission on Ecosystem Management, Fiumicino, Italy), Felix Marttin (FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department), Clara Park (FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific – RAP) and Florence Poulain (FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department) is gratefully acknowledged. iv Abstract This document includes eight studies showcasing good practices in support of sustainable small-scale fisheries. FAO commissioned these studies aiming to share experiences and promote the implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). The case studies were also intended to promote participatory approaches – in line with the SSF Guidelines principles – and to promote increased interaction between research and fishing communities, including the use of traditional knowledge and participatory research. It is hoped that the case studies will inform policy and policy processes and, in this way, promote sustainable small-scale fisheries according to the SSF Guidelines and the human rights-based approach to development (HRBA). The case studies constitute a rich selection of experiences and are diverse, not only with regard to their geographical setting but also in scope and approach. They span from looking at one specific tool for sharing experiences (the fisheries learning exchanges methodology in Madagascar and Mozambique) or examining the enabling environment in a specific thematic area (disaster risks in Bangladesh), to regional policy formulation on small-scale fisheries (the SSF Guidelines protocol for Caribbean policies) and reflection on how to use the SSF Guidelines in participatory processes (the Myanmar step-by-step approach to discussions with small-scale fisheries communities). A few of the papers look at co-management, in some cases combining fisheries management and social development (Senegal, Uruguay and Nepal), with one focusing on the role of small-scale fisheries and community organizations (India). Generally, the case studies refer to HRBA but, perhaps because many of the activities have taken place in the past, it seems that HRBA has rarely been consciously and explicitly implemented. Still, the case studies bear witness to a number of experiences and practices that are clearly steps in the right direction. Key good practices emerging from the studies refer to, among other things, holistic approaches to co-management and social responsibility; broad engagement, inclusiveness and partnerships; the power of communication; and gender equality and the role of women. As more experience is gained, our knowledge of how to go about implementing the SSF Guidelines will improve and nurture new and continued initiatives. For the present and the future, efforts should be made to apply HRBA, while continuing to share experiences and good practices showing how to do so when implementing the SSF Guidelines. v Contents Preparation of this document iii Abstract iv Contributors vi Acknowledgements vii Abbreviations and acronyms viii Introduction 1 Securing sustainable small-scale fisheries through co management: the yellow clam fishery in Uruguay 9 Jeremy Pittman, Ignacio Gianelli, Romina Trinchín, Nicolás Gutiérrez, Andrés de la Rosa, Gastón Martínez, Arianna Masello and Omar Defeo Implementing social responsibility: a key factor in promoting small-scale fisheries in Senegal 39 Alioune Sy, Mansor Ndour, Ibrahima Faye and Ablaye Ndiaye Restoring lake fisheries and rural livelihoods through rights-based inclusive governance in Nepal 51 Tek Bahadur Gurung, Pashupati Chaudhary and Kiran P. Bhatta Trends in small-scale fisheries in Myanmar: tenure rights and gender 67 Maria Belen Angeles, Mads Barbesgaard and Jennifer Franco Creating an enabling environment to support disaster risk reduction in the context
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