Isi Stalin Final Kalkir the Court of the Red Tsar
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Boris Pasternak - Poems
Classic Poetry Series Boris Pasternak - poems - Publication Date: 2012 Publisher: Poemhunter.com - The World's Poetry Archive Boris Pasternak(10 February 1890 - 30 May 1960) Boris Leonidovich Pasternak was a Russian language poet, novelist, and literary translator. In his native Russia, Pasternak's anthology My Sister Life, is one of the most influential collections ever published in the Russian language. Furthermore, Pasternak's theatrical translations of Goethe, Schiller, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, and William Shakespeare remain deeply popular with Russian audiences. Outside Russia, Pasternak is best known for authoring Doctor Zhivago, a novel which spans the last years of Czarist Russia and the earliest days of the Soviet Union. Banned in the USSR, Doctor Zhivago was smuggled to Milan and published in 1957. Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature the following year, an event which both humiliated and enraged the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In the midst of a massive campaign against him by both the KGB and the Union of Soviet Writers, Pasternak reluctantly agreed to decline the Prize. In his resignation letter to the Nobel Committee, Pasternak stated the reaction of the Soviet State was the only reason for his decision. By the time of his death from lung cancer in 1960, the campaign against Pasternak had severely damaged the international credibility of the U.S.S.R. He remains a major figure in Russian literature to this day. Furthermore, tactics pioneered by Pasternak were later continued, expanded, and refined by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and other Soviet dissidents. <b>Early Life</b> Pasternak was born in Moscow on 10 February, (Gregorian), 1890 (Julian 29 January) into a wealthy Russian Jewish family which had been received into the Russian Orthodox Church. -
Title of Thesis: ABSTRACT CLASSIFYING BIAS
ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis Directed By: Dr. David Zajic, Ph.D. Our project extends previous algorithmic approaches to finding bias in large text corpora. We used multilingual topic modeling to examine language-specific bias in the English, Spanish, and Russian versions of Wikipedia. In particular, we placed Spanish articles discussing the Cold War on a Russian-English viewpoint spectrum based on similarity in topic distribution. We then crowdsourced human annotations of Spanish Wikipedia articles for comparison to the topic model. Our hypothesis was that human annotators and topic modeling algorithms would provide correlated results for bias. However, that was not the case. Our annotators indicated that humans were more perceptive of sentiment in article text than topic distribution, which suggests that our classifier provides a different perspective on a text’s bias. CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Gemstone Honors Program, University of Maryland, 2018 Advisory Committee: Dr. David Zajic, Chair Dr. Brian Butler Dr. Marine Carpuat Dr. Melanie Kill Dr. Philip Resnik Mr. Ed Summers © Copyright by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang 2018 Acknowledgements We would like to express our sincerest gratitude to our mentor, Dr. -
Khrushchev Era Politics and the Investigation of the Kirov Murder, 1956-1957
Title Khrushchev Era Politics and the Investigation of the Kirov Murder, 1956-1957 Author(s) Lenoe, Matthew Citation Acta Slavica Iaponica, 24, 47-73 Issue Date 2007 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/39515 Type bulletin (article) File Information ASI24_003.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP Acta Slavica Iaponica, Tomus 24, pp. 47-73 Khrushchev Era Politics and the Investigation of the Kirov Murder, 1956-1957 Matthew Lenoe The assassination of Sergei Kirov, Leningrad party chief, on December 1, 1934, was a political sensation inside and outside the USSR. Although the kill- er, a disgruntled Communist named Leonid Nikolaev, insisted in early interro- gations that he had acted alone, Soviet police could not accept this. In a Soviet culture where even rotten vegetables on store shelves could signal counter- revolutionary sabotage, investigators interpreted the murder as a conspiracy by hostile capitalist powers, internal “class enemies,” or both. Under Stalin’s direction, senior officers of the security police (NKVD/UGB) pinned the blame for the assassination on Stalin’s former rivals in the Communist Party leader- ship, the so-called “Left” and “Right” oppositionists. Within four weeks of the killing, a Soviet military tribunal sentenced to death Nikolaev and thirteen alleged co-conspirators, almost all of them former members of the so-called “Zinovievite Opposition” in Leningrad. Then in January 1935 Soviet courts convicted Grigorii Zinoviev and one-time ally Lev Kamenev of “moral com- plicity” in Kirov’s murder, supposedly because they had fostered oppositionist moods within the party. These trials, of the so-called “Leningrad Center” and “Moscow Center” respectively, began a brutal purge of the party leadership.1 In the four years that followed, Stalin and his security men used torture, blackmail, and threats to develop “evidence” against nearly all of Stalin’s past opponents among the party leaders. -
A Companion to Andrei Platonov's the Foundation
A Companion to Andrei Platonov’s The Foundation Pit Studies in Russian and Slavic Literatures, Cultures and History Series Editor: Lazar Fleishman A Companion to Andrei Platonov’s The Foundation Pit Thomas Seifrid University of Southern California Boston 2009 Copyright © 2009 Academic Studies Press All rights reserved ISBN 978-1-934843-57-4 Book design by Ivan Grave Published by Academic Studies Press in 2009 28 Montfern Avenue Brighton, MA 02135, USA [email protected] www.academicstudiespress.com iv Effective December 12th, 2017, this book will be subject to a CC-BY-NC license. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. Other than as provided by these licenses, no part of this book may be reproduced, transmitted, or displayed by any electronic or mechanical means without permission from the publisher or as permitted by law. The open access publication of this volume is made possible by: This open access publication is part of a project supported by The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book initiative, which includes the open access release of several Academic Studies Press volumes. To view more titles available as free ebooks and to learn more about this project, please visit borderlinesfoundation.org/open. Published by Academic Studies Press 28 Montfern Avenue Brighton, MA 02135, USA [email protected] www.academicstudiespress.com CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE Platonov’s Life . 1 CHAPTER TWO Intellectual Influences on Platonov . 33 CHAPTER THREE The Literary Context of The Foundation Pit . 59 CHAPTER FOUR The Political Context of The Foundation Pit . 81 CHAPTER FIVE The Foundation Pit Itself . -
The Spectator and Dialogues of Power in Early Soviet Theater By
Directed Culture: The Spectator and Dialogues of Power in Early Soviet Theater By Howard Douglas Allen A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Victoria E. Bonnell, Chair Professor Ann Swidler Professor Yuri Slezkine Fall 2013 Abstract Directed Culture: The Spectator and Dialogues of Power in Early Soviet Theater by Howard Douglas Allen Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology University of California, Berkeley Professor Victoria E. Bonnell, Chair The theater played an essential role in the making of the Soviet system. Its sociological interest not only lies in how it reflected contemporary society and politics: the theater was an integral part of society and politics. As a preeminent institution in the social and cultural life of Moscow, the theater was central to transforming public consciousness from the time of 1905 Revolution. The analysis of a selected set of theatrical premieres from the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917 to the end of Cultural Revolution in 1932 examines the values, beliefs, and attitudes that defined Soviet culture and the revolutionary ethos. The stage contributed to creating, reproducing, and transforming the institutions of Soviet power by bearing on contemporary experience. The power of the dramatic theater issued from artistic conventions, the emotional impact of theatrical productions, and the extensive intertextuality between theatrical performances, the press, propaganda, politics, and social life. Reception studies of the theatrical premieres address the complex issue of the spectator’s experience of meaning—and his role in the construction of meaning. -
Zionism & Russia
Zionism & Russia 8 Pacifica Forum Lectures by Valdas Anelauskas Contents Zionism and Russia – Lecture 1 May 12, 2006 Zionism and Russia – Lecture 2 June 2, 2006 Zionism and Russia – Lecture 3 June 16, 2006 Zionism and Russia – Lecture 4 July 14, 2006 Zionism and Russia – Lecture 5 August 4, 2006 Zionism and Russia – Lecture 6 September 8, 2006 Zionism and Russia – Lecture 7 October 6, 2006 Zionism and Russia – Lecture 8 November 17, 2006 Zionism and Russia – Lecture 1 May 12, 2006 1 Leon Trotsky, whose real name was Leyba Davidovich Bronstein, said: “We must turn Russia into a desert populated by white negroes upon whom we shall impose a tyranny such as the most terrible Eastern despots never dreamt of. The only difference is that this will be a left-wing tyranny, not a right-wing tyranny. It will be a red tyranny and not a white one. We mean the word ‘red’ literally, because we shall shed such floods of blood as will make all the human losses suffered in the capitalist wars quake and pale by comparison. The biggest bankers across the ocean will work in the closest possible contact with us. If we win the revolution, we shall establish the power of Zionism upon the wreckage of the revolution’s funeral, and we shall became a power before which the whole world will sink to its knees. We shall show what real power is. By means of terror and bloodbaths, we shall reduce the Russian intelligentsia to a state of complete stupefaction and idiocy and to an animal existence.. -
Making the Russian Bomb from Stalin to Yeltsin
MAKING THE RUSSIAN BOMB FROM STALIN TO YELTSIN by Thomas B. Cochran Robert S. Norris and Oleg A. Bukharin A book by the Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. Westview Press Boulder, San Francisco, Oxford Copyright Natural Resources Defense Council © 1995 Table of Contents List of Figures .................................................. List of Tables ................................................... Preface and Acknowledgements ..................................... CHAPTER ONE A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SOVIET BOMB Russian and Soviet Nuclear Physics ............................... Towards the Atomic Bomb .......................................... Diverted by War ............................................. Full Speed Ahead ............................................ Establishment of the Test Site and the First Test ................ The Role of Espionage ............................................ Thermonuclear Weapons Developments ............................... Was Joe-4 a Hydrogen Bomb? .................................. Testing the Third Idea ...................................... Stalin's Death and the Reorganization of the Bomb Program ........ CHAPTER TWO AN OVERVIEW OF THE STOCKPILE AND COMPLEX The Nuclear Weapons Stockpile .................................... Ministry of Atomic Energy ........................................ The Nuclear Weapons Complex ...................................... Nuclear Weapon Design Laboratories ............................... Arzamas-16 .................................................. Chelyabinsk-70 -
[2013 8-Kissova.Pdf] 35 Pages, 353KB
The Literary Life of Leopold Averbakh Emiliana Kissova Summer 2013 Emiliana Kissova is a PhD Candidate in the Department of History at the University of California, Berkeley. The Literary Life of Leopold Averbakh In 1922 a few dissenting members of the proletarian literary circle The Smithy established a unique kind of literary organization, an organization modeled on the Leninist principle of партийность.1 Emphatic advocates of proletarian literature, these communist idealists believed to have discovered the most revolutionary mechanism for building a socialist literary culture — a highly centralized cohort of writers and critics unwaveringly loyal to the Communist Party. The publication of their thick journal, On Guard (Na postu), radically transformed the course of Soviet cultural politics. Believing that the position of напостовство in literature should mirror that of the vanguard party in politics, the editors of the journal aspired to forge a disciplined movement of professional proletarian writers committed to waging an ideological class struggle on the literary front. The main tasks of this vanguard were to inculcate workers and peasants with a socialist ethos and to promote cadres who would obediently execute the directives of the Party. In the late 1920s, propelled by the militancy of the Cultural Revolution, напостовствo became the dominant literary movement in the Soviet Union.2 One critic emerged as the primary interpreter of напостовство’s overarching politico-aesthetic vision — Leopold Averbakh. A prolific critic who hoped to apply Karl Marx’s understanding of historical materialism to literary production, Averbakh’s theoretical contribution to Soviet literary scholarship cannot be negated. At the age of twenty-six, he presided over the most powerful organization of writers in the Soviet Union, The Russian Association of Proletarian Writers (RAPP). -
4 Josef Stalin and the USSR
4 JOSEF STALIN AND THE USSR One of the most important leaders of the USSR during the 20th century, Josef Stalin established the political and economic structure that remained in place until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. This chapter will cover Stalin’s rise to power and how he was able to consolidate his control of the USSR both before and after World War II. Timeline – 1879–1953 1879 Stalin is born on 21 December in the town of Gori in Georgia, Russia. 1894 Stalin enters Tiflis Theological Seminary. 1898 The Russian Social Democratic Workers’ Party (RSDLP) is established. 1899 Stalin is expelled from Tiflis Seminary. 1902 Stalin is involved in illegal political activity; he is arrested and exiled to Siberia. 1903 The RSDLP splits into Bolsheviks and Mensheviks. 1905 Revolution breaks out in Russia; Stalin meets Lenin for the first time. 1914 World War I breaks out. 1917 The March Revolution takes place in Russia; Tsar Nicholas II abdicates; Lenin returns to Josef Stalin Petrograd in April; Stalin arrives in Petrograd and becomes one of the editors of Pravda. The Bolshevik Revolution takes place in October; Stalin is appointed Commissar for Nationalities. 1918 The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk is signed with Germany; civil war breaks out in Russia; Stalin is placed in charge of Red Army forces in Tsaritsyn. 1921 The New Economic Policy is introduced. 1922 The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) is founded; Stalin is appointed General Secre- tary of the Communist Party. 1924 Lenin dies in January; the ‘troika’ oppose Trotsky; Stalin proposes his theory of ‘Socialism in One Country’. -
El Gran Terror Una Reevaluación
Lea el LIBRO PROHIBIDO por los SOCIALISTAS El Gran Terror Una Reevaluación Robert Conquest Oxford University Press Oxford, Nueva York, Toronto 1990 Traducción al español de Carlos Eduardo Ruiz Prefacio Es un particularmente apropiado momento para colocar ante el público una reevaluación de El Gran Terror, que avasalló a la Unión Soviética en la década de 1930. Primero, nosotros tenemos ahora suficiente información para establecer casi todo eliminando cualquier disputa. Segundo, El Terror, es, en el presente inmediato de la década de 1990, un asunto político y humano en la URSS. Esto quiere decir, es la más asombrosa, la más crítica, y la más importante agenda del mundo de hoy. Mi libro El Gran Terror fue escrito hace veinte años (aunque cierta cantidad de material adicional entró en ediciones publicadas a comienzos de la década de 1970). El breve período de la revelación Krushcheviana había proporcionado suficiente nueva evidencia, en conjunto con la masa de reportes no-oficiales anteriores, para darle a la historia del período detalles considerables y mutuamente confirmatorios. Sin embargo, había mucho que permanecía como deducción, y hubo vacíos ocasionales, o inadecuadamente verificadas probabilidades, que hacían imposible la certidumbre. Durante los años desde entonces, El Gran Terror se mantuvo como el único completo registro histórico del período –como de hecho, lo hace hasta el día de hoy. Fue recibido como tal, no sólo en Occidente sino también en la mayoría de los círculos en la Unión Soviética. Yo rara vez conocí a un funcionario, académico (o emigrado) soviético, que no lo hubiese leído en inglés, o en una edición rusa publicada en Florencia, o en samizdat [1]; tampoco ninguno de ellos cuestiona su exactitud en general, aún si es capaz de corregir o enmendar unos pocos detalles. -
John Biggart the Rehabilitation of Bogdanov1
John Biggart The Rehabilitation of Bogdanov 1 Between 1985 and 1991 the Communist Party of the Soviet Union under its General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev lifted restrictions on freedom of expression in the Soviet Union, virtually abolished censorship of the press, and set in motion the reform process which in August 1991 would bring about the ending of Communist Party rule. 2 One of the objectives of Gorbachev’s policy of glasnost’ was to encourage more free enquiry into the history of the Soviet régime, and, in particular, to dissociate the Party from many of Stalin’s policies of the late 1920s to 1950s. 3 In the evolution of this policy, the 70th anniversary of the October Revolution, was a landmark. 4 Following the Plenum of the Central 1 This is an edited version of the Introduction to: Bogdanov and his Work. A guide to the published and unpublished works of Alexander A. Bogdanov (Malinovsky 1973—1928) , edited by John Biggart, Georgii Gloveli and Avraham Yassour. Ashgate. 1998. [ISBN 1 85972 6321 2]. The introduction has not been updated to take account of the substantive amount of work that has been published on Bogdanov since 1998. Only in a few instances have later works been referred to for purposes of correction or clarification. 2 On the abolition of censorship, see Richard Sakwa, Gorbachev and his reforms 1985-1990 (London, New York, 1990), p.67. The Main Administration of Literature and State Publishing - Glavlit - lost its censorship functions in June 1986. 3 As early as September 1985, Professor Yuri Afanasiev of the Institute of World History of the Academy of Sciences was able to denounce the turpitude of the historical profession in the Communist Party journal Kommunist . -
Sedition : Everyday Resistance in the Soviet Union Under Khrushchev and Brezhnev / Edited by Vladimir A
annals of communism Each volume in the series Annals of Communism will publish selected and previ- ously inaccessible documents from former Soviet state and party archives in a nar- rative that develops a particular topic in the history of Soviet and international communism. Separate English and Russian editions will be prepared. Russian and Western scholars work together to prepare the documents for each volume. Doc- uments are chosen not for their support of any single interpretation but for their particular historical importance or their general value in deepening understanding and facilitating discussion. The volumes are designed to be useful to students, scholars, and interested general readers. executive editor of the annals of communism series Jonathan Brent, Yale University Press project manager Vadim A. Staklo american advisory committee Ivo Banac, Yale University Robert L. Jackson, Yale University Zbigniew Brzezinski, Center for Norman Naimark, Stanford Univer- Strategic and International Studies sity William Chase, University of Pittsburgh Gen. William Odom (deceased), Hud- Friedrich I. Firsov, former head of the son Institute and Yale University Comintern research group at Daniel Orlovsky, Southern Methodist RGASPI University Sheila Fitzpatrick, University of Timothy Snyder, Yale University Chicago Mark Steinberg, University of Illinois, Gregory Freeze, Brandeis University Urbana-Champaign John L. Gaddis, Yale University Strobe Talbott, Brookings Institution J. Arch Getty, University of California, Mark Von Hagen, Arizona State Uni- Los Angeles versity Jonathan Haslam, Cambridge Univer- Piotr Wandycz, Yale University sity russian advisory committee K. M. Anderson, Moscow State Uni- S. V. Mironenko, director, State versity Archive of the Russian Federation N. N. Bolkhovitinov, Russian Acad- (GARF) emy of Sciences O.