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Tyuonyi-Trail.Pdf Bandelier National Monument, Ceremonial Cave is an additional MILEAGES (one way) .1 .=Z5S'/rr' New Mexico, was esablished in 1 mile, -hour roundtrip on a level TYUONYI LOOP TRAIL -=?l\- 1916 and covers 32,737 acres. dirttrailwithasteepc|imbof14OVisitorcentertoTyuonyi-1/4mile, feet up 4 ladders and steps to Visitor center to junction after Long House 3/4 mile ' - -?NS HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE reach the cave. Ceremonial Cave fromv jujunction after LvLong .v ,House vuou 1/2,,- mile_,"= ,,' ' - ,r, ='4N- CEREMONIALUEt{EIVIUNII Numbered stops along the trail Airn= correspond to numbered rifficurties 'HiJT:ier to rirst waterra, i r/2 ,rl;; .- ,,,= CAVE (1t2mite - 7l\- paragraphs in trail guide. forfnr peoplena^^16 ofnf differingriiffarinn physicalnhrroinal Visitor\/ioilnr centernan+ar to+n RioAia Grandel.lronrla 2O 1/21lO miles-.^-=milao Z\S-.,.,-= ''t .JJ z/.1 avarabre at - -/\s '''\ the ./,1S DESCRIPTION OF TRAIL 3:ii:::i,I:p, ......:..;_z/N z,no= Length: 1 1/4 miles through all 21 7nt* accessibility. ,..= ,r,uo.f''{"".... ltzl14, numbered stops and return. Time Ttti* ,^s '/^\* ,;\-/" \ required: about I hour. Terrain: paved; relatively level to Tyuonyi; ff: 7N= ,wriy' inclines and steep, narrow stairs i:;;u7p-= '"11,,:;o,uon"::''"'-z- to cliff dwellings and aonn ,o_rr_::.= 1lt- If' _ :,,.. ..r\l 211. r\ 74N- '/\r r/A\,/\.- 7,,s NIr' ,rrff;ffi; d} 0 2121.t ,/ /Z-------r: N ,e6fi-rk Falls Trail d;:P-:.. 51oo TiM i cF'- and P\cntt' z Rio Grande "- 1,,6$"t2ll u+ryf /";rffi, \_\/' U " *1- - i / ts_ wg;t- ,-n-/ 1 8^^ffiJffi i: ,nr'S T ,,o*parK\n9 '2. 1' Big %ts_Qra-;'e...... !;*:n....i............"'7:--Jp i........... thlF-I i""uo;*l) f;..."'i""""' .)tT;<(,'it ffir,*o, ffi-'', /"-'*,,' ]ix^,, W H'use IP's- " )' '.' (;* I Er i"'4" r:; .1,':> .,.,\r, vr^ I ; : I'/( ! 'q /,,,,;i ' ---1 \:: K;9,'--)TCENTERW;ffi| " ,JJt? '- u :'-;--'-- \'t':+ I nL-n l$ 'o*cLliF,r. ,r1ririi",'='--i:?X:i:!,' -r Entrance Station ?fffrt;ll;i (3 miles) snack shop r! SL =-" trr* nor$Ss 6arBar fn sr. Srz= i ]- sr, Tyuonyinyi loop trailltrail WARNTNGS . drvrL drru Other'''*"r trails | ,, r/ .r\/ \t \l/ .\t1 r',' "'Y''Po'".i yourchildrenwith:.:'.:'^:,;:^-::.;."'"t arelocatedatover:^:::^'1"^-':.'.:- Monuments Association in cooperation .! \l/_\{rz-\l//zsvz- cautiousasthe withtheNational parkService. Sr/z = S/Z i.:ti:::il'l:",:I"" In""l,T"1,3ni#"'" "t :l"o":,t'ffi:'X",,,*, HJI["JJi3'ff:::'""n' S/._ s\1r-_ 5*/,, =\lr.- =\lr._ =\rr,;rV' takes more energy. Map @ 1997 cARTography by A. Kron 1. Vmw oF THE CrIn'r's 3. F anMING Anne farming- areas to g-row In 1BB0 people from Cochiti Pueblo brought fledgling anthro- On the canyon floot, the people cleared on pologist Adotph Bandelier here to see the place they consider their crops of cotn, beans, and squash' They also farmed by ih"i. urr""stral home. Looking at Frijoles (free-HOH-Iace) Can- the mesai above the canyon, and supplemented their diet yon, he was impressed by the sight of the-empty^cave dwell- hunting and gathering edible native plants- With average an- never ings and crumbled stone houses along the base of these cliffs. nual piecipitation of only fifteen inches, farming was Tlie early people who lived here, often called the Anasazi (ah- b. suie. Irrigation was possibie in the-canyon, but the "ary summer rains. nah-SAH-2ee)-, were the ancestors of the present-day Pueblo people knew that their survival depended on the Indians. In 1890 Bandelier wrote his classic novel, The De- Btc Krya lightmakers, which is set in this can-yon am^ong those people' 4. (KEE-vahJ, - Frijoles Canyon is a small part of the extensive area This underground structure, called a kiva was an religiou-s ac- once inhabited by the ancestral Puebloans. Villages were scat- important part of their culture. Primarily used for boys tered throughout the surrounding Paiarito (pa-ha-REE-toe, Lit- tivities, kivas also served as a place of education for tle Bird) Plateau and Rio Grande Valley; at various times and young men. Since the people did not have a written lan- to the next members of this far-flung culture inhabited parts of Colorado, guag-e, knowledge was passed from one generation utah, Arizona, and New Mexico. Their ancient homes can be [hrough oral tradition: legends, stories, prayers, and songs, women, and seen in places like Mesa verde National Park, chaco culture Kivas are still used by many Pueblo men and NationalHistorical Park, and canyon de chelly National Mon- most assumptions about prehistoric uses are based on historic ument. while the peopie shared a common culture, each group and modern information. of wood deveioped their own language, art, and architectural styles. Imagine this kiva covered by a roof made and earth. The roof was supported by six wooden pillars; the 2. GnoLoGY short upright logs on the kiva floor show the relative positions pro- The canyon-and-mesa country around you is part of_the Paja- of these piliars. A iadder through an opening in the roof rito PlatLau, formed by two violent eruptions of the Jemez vided entry. The recess in the wall to your right may also have (HAY-mess) Volcano over one million yeal_s ago.Iocated four- been an entrance, although being so namow it may have served ieen miles to the northwest, this powerful volcano ejected some other Purpose. enough material to cover this four-hundred square-mile area In Pueblo Indian tradition, their ancestors entered "a with layer of volcanic ash up to one-thousand-feet thick. this world from a world below. The small hole near the floor's called a sipapu (SEE-pah-poo) in the Hopi language, Each of the two Jemez eruptioni was six hundred times more center, powerful than the 1980 eruption of Mount St' Helens' symbolizes the place of emergence and suggests that these an- ' The pink rock oT the canyon wall,is volcanic ash cient people also held such a belief. There used that compacted- over time into a soft, crumbly rock called is no evidence that reveals how they ,,tuff." W6athering of softer areas in the tuff led to the "Swiss the rectangular holes in the floor. Similar features excavated kivas were wood, cheese,, upp"ururlie of the cliffs. The ancestral Pueblo people in other found covered with thin pieces of they may eniarged J&"" of these natural caves for homes and storage. suggesting have been used as foot drums. The chimney-like opening on your left is the venti- You can help preserve irreplaceable archeological Iator shaft. Fresh air was drawn in through this vent while information by staying on the paved trail at all times and leav- heat and smoke from the fire went out the iadder hole. Al- ing everything as it is. Every bit of evidence is needed to re- though not visibie now, there was a fire pit on the floor near construct the story of these people. the base of the ventilator shaft. Notice the two different layers in the stone wall. 6. ENTRANCE To TYUoNyr The inner layer was once a complete wall, with much finer These are the walls of the excavated village of Tyuonyi (chew- stonework than the coarse outer wall. This suggests that the OHN-yee). At least two stories high, it contained about four kiva was rebuilt sometime after its initial construction. hundred rooms and housed about one hundred people. 7 . PrtzA IN TyuoNyI In good weather, most daily activities of the community oc- curred in this central plaza. Imagine women firing pottery and grinding corn, men making bows and arrows or stone tools, and children doing chores, herding turkeys, or playing games. Where you entered Tyuonyi is the only ground- level entrance to the village. During excavation, post holes in .AA 5t1OS/IN6 LXISTING \O/ALLS AND CONJLCTOA.AL PT5TOPATION a zigzag pattern were found in this entrance, suggesting that [email protected]'-/ tlot.h lzo/;/or", posts may have been arranged as a barrier to strangers attempt- ing to enter the village. There is little evidence of warfare, but the defensive location and arrangement of the structure sug- gest that the people were concerned about possible attacks. Around this area today there are Pueblo groups ,.DD. who speak two different languages: Tewa speakers (TAY-wah) SECTIONALON6 SNOWING IXI5TIN6 UdALLS AND CONJTCTO2AL 2CSTOPATION to the north and Keres (CARE-ace) speakers to the south. This was likely true in the past also, and there is an old tradition 5. UxBxcAVATED SrrE that Frijoles Canyon was the dividing line between these lan- This low mound is typical of archeological sites before exca- guage groups. Some Keres speakers say that the name "Tyr- vation. Eariy excavations in this canyon were done under the onyi" means a place of meeting or place of treaty. direction of Dr. Edgar Lee Hewett from 1908-1920. The science Imagine you are a resident of this village. First- of archeology was in its infancy and many methods in com- floor rooms have no doors; you climb a ladder to the roof and mon use today had not yet been developed. As a result, much enter your home by another ladder through a hatch-like door- valuable information was lost or destroyed during the digging. way. Inside the small, dimly-Iit room, turkey feather blankets, Today, Bandelier National Monument preserves unexcavated pottery, various tools, woven garments, and other practical sites for study in future years when even more sophisticated possessions are the only furnishings.A small opening leads to (and less damaging) methods will be available.
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