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CRANES,AGRICULTURE, AND CLIMATE CHANGE CRANES, AGRICULTURE, AND CLIMATE CHANGE Proceedings of a workshop organized by the International Crane Foundation and Muraviovka Park for Sustainable Land Use On behalf of Wetlands International – IUCN SSC Crane Specialist Group May 28 – June 3, 2010 Edited by James Harris James Harris Crane Foundation International International Crane Foundation Baraboo, Wisconsin, USA CRANES, AGRICULTURE, AND CLIMATE CHANGE Proceedings of a workshop organized by the International Crane Foundation and Muraviovka Park for Sustainable Land Use On behalf of Wetlands International – IUCN SSC Crane Specialist Group May 28 – June 3, 2010 Edited by James Harris International Crane Foundation Baraboo, Wisconsin, USA i To obtain a copy of these proceedings: A PDF of this publication may be downloaded from the ICF website at http://www.savingcranes.org/digital-books.html. Copyright © 2012 by the International Crane Foundation. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced without written permission. Front cover photo: Hooded Cranes in corn stubble, Heilongjiang Province, China. Photo by Wu Haifeng. Back cover photo: Black-necked Cranes in winter at Dashanbao National Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province, China. Photo by Wang Keju. Printed in China by Beijing Foundart Colour Printing Co., Ltd. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This workshop was organized by Muraviovka Park and the International Crane Foundation on behalf of the Wetlands International – IUCN Species Survival Commission Crane Specialist Group. We wish to thank Sergei Smirenski who undertook countless tasks large and small to host the workshop. We also wish to thank all 30 participants, and the staff of Muraviovka Park, for enlightening discussions and assistance with the follow-up activities now underway. Financial support for the workshop was provided by The Trust for Mutual Understanding, Woodland Park Zoo, Lufthansa Airlines, the Fifth Age of Man Foundation, Oklahoma City Zoo, and ICF member contributions as well as the Amur Region (Russia) Government. Elena Smirenski helped generously with organizing the workshop logistics, translating during the workshop, corresponding with authors, editing and formatting these papers, and making the original design of the book in MS Word. We also thank Kristin Bahleda who helped with editing and Elena Ilyashenko for making the final design of these proceedings in Adobe InDesign. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS OVERVIEW PAPERS INTRODUCTION: CRANES, AGRICULTURE, AND CLIMATE CHANGE …….……………….…….1 James Harris IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON PEOPLE AND WETLAND ECOSYSTEMS…….…...………15 Nicolas Tubbs ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR PEOPLE AND WETLAND ECOSYSTEMS …..……….…...…….21 Nicolas Tubbs CLIMATE CHANGE, CRANES, AND TEMPERATE FLOODPLAIN ECOSYSTEMS ...….....……….28 Sammy L. King EURASIAN CRANE REASONS FOR CHANGES IN CRANE MIGRATION PATTERNS ALONG THE WEST- EUROPEAN FLYWAY ………………………………………………………….……….……...…...........35 Hartwig Prange. CRANES AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN SWEDEN ..................................................................................49 Sigvard Lundgren INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE BEGINNING OF BREEDING OF EURASIAN CRANES IN GERMANY ............................................................................................................................................53 Wolfgang Mewes, Moriz Rauch INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE WINTERING SITE SELECTION OF EURASIAN CRANES ......................................................................................................................................................55 Günter Nowald, Norman Donner, Micha Modrow CRANES AND PEOPLE: AGRICULTURE AND TOURISM ...................................................................60 Günter Nowald EURASIAN CRANE (GRUS GRUS) AND AGRICULTURE IN FRANCE ……………....……….……65 Alain Salvi EURASIAN CRANE (GRUS GRUS) AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN FRANCE ......................................71 Alain Salvi THE HORTOBÁGY NATIONAL PARK – ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT STOP-OVER SITES FOR THE EURASIAN CRANE IN EUROPE: CHANGES AND THREATS ……………………..........….….77 Zsolt Végvári, Miriam M. Hansbauer, Bianca Schulte THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE MIGRATORY PATTERNS OF THE EURASIAN CRANE IN THE BALTIC-HUNGARIAN FLYWAY …………………….…….……………….………..83 Zsolt Végvári, Gábor Kovács. CHANGES IN THE EURASIAN CRANE (GRUS GRUS) STAGING AREAS DISTRIBUTION IN THE EUROPEAN PART OF RUSSIA FROM 1982 TO 2007 ………….…………………………….………..88 Elena Ilyashenko, Yuri Markin A REVIEW OF THE CRANE-AGRICULTURE CONFLICT, HULA VALLEY, ISRAEL .....................100 Itai Shanni, Zev Labinger, Dan Alon iv CRANES OF AFRICA, ASIA, AND NORTH AMERICA CLIMATE CHANGE THREATENS THE AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE IMPORTANT FOR BLUE CRANES IN SOUTH AFRICA ……………………………………………………………………..…..105 Kerryn Morrison, Bronwyn Botha, Kevin Shaw PROTECTING WETLANDS TO MITIGATE FOR CLIMATE CHANGE WHILE BENEFITING PEOPLE AND CRANES IN AFRICA ……………………………………………..………………..…..109 Kerryn Morrison HOW SHEPHERDS BECAME STEWARDS OF CRANES: A Case Study and Report of the AWCF Small Grant Project ………………………………….……………………………………………………….....112 Jinde Shu METHODS FOR REDUCTION OF CROP DEPREDATION BY CRANES TESTED IN DAURIA (TRANS-BAIKAL REGION) ……………………………………………….………………….……......120 Oleg A. Goroshko CONFLICTS BETWEEN SANDHILL CRANES AND FARMERS IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES: EVOLVING ISSUES AND SOLUTIONS………………………….…………….………...…131 Jane E. Austin ABSTRACTS OF PRESENTATIONS AT THE WORKSHOP A CHANGING WORLD THREATENS THE FUTURE FOR CRANES ………………….…..……….140 George Archibald, Claire Mirande DEVELOPING SOLUTIONS TO SANDHILL CRANE DAMAGE TO SEEDLING CORN IN THE UPPER MIDWEST, USA …………………………………………………………………..….………...141 Jeb Barzen, Anne Lacy, James Harris ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS AS A STRATEGY FOR CONSERVING BIODIVERSITY, SUSTAINING HUMAN LIVELIHOODS, AND ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE ……….……….……….……142 Richard Beilfuss GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND CONSERVATION OF CRANES IN THE AMUR RIVER BASIN …..………………………………………………………………………………………143 Oleg A. Goroshko THE RETURN OF THE EURASIAN CRANE TO ITS FORMER BREEDING GROUNDS IN SOUTHERN GERMANY ……………………………………………………………………………….144 Miriam M. Hansbauer THE AMUR RIVER DYNAMICS OF CLIMATE AND HYDROLOGICAL REGIME IN ITS MIDDLE STREAM DURING THE LAST HUNDRED YEARS …………………………………...…………….145 Svetlana Kazachinskaya SHAPING POSITIVE ATTITUDES TOWARD WILDLIFE CONSERVATION IN THE AMUR REGION OF RUSSIA ………………………………………………………...……….…….….…………………..146 Marina Moskaleva DYNAMICS OF TUNDRA LANDSCAPES IN AREAS OF SIBERIAN CRANE REPRODUCTION………………………………………………………………..……………………....147 Anatoly Pshennikov EFFECT OF WEATHER CONDITIONS ON SIBERIAN CRANE REPRODUCTION AND START OF FALL MIGRATION ……………………………………………………..………………..……………...149 Anatoly Pshennikov v IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURAL FIELDS FOR CRANES IN THE SOUTH OF THE AMUR REGION, RUSSIA …………………………………………………………………..…………………...150 Sergei M. Smirenski, Tamaki Kitagawa, Galina V. Nosachenko CURRENT CONSERVATION CHALLENGES IN THE LOWLANDS OF THE MIDDLE AMUR BASIN AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS …………………………………………………..……….............…….151 Sergei M. Smirenski, Elena M. Smirenski A STUDY OF WATER SUPPLY AND WETLAND RESTORATION IN ZHALONG NATIONAL NATURE RESERVE, CHINA ………………………………………………………….……………….152 Shouzheng Tong, Xianguo Lu, Liying Su, Bo Cao, Yunlong Yao WORKSHOP RESOLUTION ………………………………………………………………………….. 153 vi Proceedings of the International Workshop, “Cranes, Agriculture, and Climate Change” OVERVIEW PAPERS INTRODUCTION: CRANES, AGRICULTURE AND CLIMATE CHANGE James Harris International Crane Foundation, Baraboo, Wisconsin, USA These proceedings include papers and abstracts from a workshop on cranes, agriculture and climate change held in early June 2010 at Muraviovka Park close by the Amur River in far eastern Russia. In large part, this workshop was designed to enhance interactions and activities among members of the Wetlands International – IUCN Species Survival Commission Crane Specialist Group. Among the primary mandates for the Specialist Groups is to assess threats to species and to develop and disseminate effective conservation responses. We chose agriculture and climate change as themes because both processes affect cranes significantly, in complex ways, throughout the world. The papers in this collection, prepared by workshop participants, serve as an introduction to these topics. The workshop was the first step in a longer term effort by the Crane Specialist Group to understand how agriculture and climate change affect cranes, to identify and implement research to fill gaps in our understanding, and to promote ways to avoid conflicts between people and cranes that arise as agricultural landscapes and climates change. We hope reading these papers will lead to more discussions among specialists, to better understanding, and to more effective conservation action. Because of the small size of this workshop – 30 participants from 14 countries – many relevant projects and investigations were not included in the workshop program, or in these proceedings. With this introduction, I wish to present some of the major themes that ran through our discussions at Muraviovka, drawing upon what we are learning from the varied situations around the world where cranes are responding to agricultural change, climate change, or frequently both. For the most part, this introduction supplements rather than summarizes what the papers in these proceedings provide. Muraviovka Park was an ideal setting for the dual themes of the workshop. Muraviovka protects a former channel of the Amur River, the world’s third longest

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