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Monogenean from the Fish Lates Calcarifer from Karachi Coast, Pakistan

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Monogenean from the Fish Lates Calcarifer from Karachi Coast, Pakistan Hadi et. al. Pakistan Journal of Parasitology 63; June 2017 STUDY OF A NEW POLYOPISTHOCOTYLEAN (MICROCOTYLIDAE: CYNOSCIONICOLA CALCARIFERI ) MONOGENEAN FROM THE FISH LATES CALCARIFER FROM KARACHI COAST, PAKISTAN. *Rana Hadi, Bushra Khalil, Nasreen Khan, Farzana Ibrahim and Fatima Mujeeb Bilqees Deparment of Zoology, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi. *Email: [email protected] Abstract: A new Polyopisthocotylean, Cynoscionicola calcariferi sp. nov. is described and illustrated here from the gills of Lates calcarifer (Bloch. 1970). The present species shows peculiar characters viz. longer size worm, oral sucker present, muscular pharynx, long genital atrium with spines, less number of testes, tube like pretesticular ovary haptor longer then body, clamps scattered all over the surface of haptor, clamps 90-100 . Key words: Polyopisthocotylea, Cynoscionicola calcariferi, gills, fish, Karachi Coast. INTRODUCTION The gill monogenean parasites are a problem for fish in wild. These ecto parasites quickly spread in the fish population and cause serious gill infection. The Monogenean parasites are found throughout the world. In the field of research the investigation of different aspects on monogenean parasite is important. From all over the world the genus Cynoscionicola Price, 1962 has been reported, but in Pakistan the genus Cynoscionicola is being first time reported, which is a new species. The genus Cynoscionicola was described by Price, 1962 to accommodate type species Cynoscionicola heteracantha (Manter, 1938) Price, 1962 (syn. Microcotyle h.M.) on the gills of fish Cynoscion nebulosus, C.regalis, in North Carolina, Massachusetts, other species are C.longicauda Goto, 1899 (syn. Microcotyle L. G.) on Cynoscion regale in Newport, U.S.A; C. pseudoheteracantha (Hargis, 1957) Price, 1962 (syn. Microcotyle p.H.) on Cynoscion nothus in Grand Isle, Louisiana, Bravo-Hollis, 1984 on Cynoscion nothus in Veracruz; Cynoscionicola sciaenae Bravo-Hollis, 1982 on Umbrina xanti in Oaxaca and Sonora, Mexico; Cynoscionicola srivastavai Bravo-Hollis and Caballero, 1970 Mendoza-Garfias and Perez- Ponce de Leon, 1999 on Anisotremus dovii in Jalisco, Mexico and Bravo-Hollis, 1982 on Bairdiella icistia in Sonora, Nayarit and Jalisco, Mexico and on Cynoscion xanthulus Bravo- Hollis, 1982; Bravo-Hollis, 1986 in Sonora, Nayarit, Jalisco, Sinaloa, Mexico on Isopisthus 47 Hadi et. al. Pakistan Journal of Parasitology 63; June 2017 remifer, Bravo-Hollis, 1986 in Sonora and Sinaloa, Mexico on Umbrina xanti, Bravo- Hollis and Cabellero, 1970; Bravo-Hollis, 1982 in Baja, California, Sonora, Nayarit, Jalisco and Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS From the West Wharf, Karachi coast 70 specimens of Lates calcarifer were collected. The gills were removed from each fish and placed in formalin containing beaker and left for 8-10 hours, after shaking thoroughly the gills transferred along with solution in Petri dish. After the solid parts of liquid in a beaker settled down, the superficial layer was discarded and remaining part was examined under a binocular microscope and monogenea were observed. The gills were also examined and monogenea were collected. In AFA (70% mixture of ethyle alcohol, formaline and Acetic acid mixed in a ratio of 90:7:3) solution The recovered monogenea were fixed for 24 hours. These monogenean parasites were washed after 24 hours several times with 70% alcohol, and then stained with Mayer’s carmalum. After the process been completed, the material was dehydrated in graded series of alcohols, cleared with clove oil and xylene and mounted permanently in Canada balsam (Bilqees, et. al, 2004). The photographs were taken with the help of camera Lucida. All measurements were given by length and width in millimeters. Photographs of holotype specimen were also prepared. Holotype and Paratypes are in the collection of first author. Cynoscionicola calcariferi n.sp. (Fig. 1-2) Family : Microcotylidae Taschenberg, 1879 Sub family : Microcotylinae Monticelli, 1892 Genus : Cynoscionicola Price, 1962 Host : Lates calcarifer Bloch, 1790 Location : Gills. Locality : West Wharf, Karachi coast No of species : 6 in 3 fishes 70 fishes examine DIAGNOSIS Body is long, narrow, broader anteriorly, narrow posteriorly .Total length is 6.5-6.7, width 0.36-0.37, mouth is terminal, eye spots are absent. Two oral suckers are present, 0.036-0.039 long, 0.02-0.02 wide, oval in shapes. Pharynx is muscular, rounded, 0.018-0.019 long, 0.014- 0.015 wide. Prepharynx is absent. Intestinal crura not confluent posteriorly, not extending to haptor. Genital atrium is 0.024-0.025 long, 0.03-0.04 wide, with simple spines arranged in a ring. Testes are eight in number present in the posterior region of the body, 0.04-0.05 long, 0.02-0.03 wide. Ovary is pretesticular, tube-like, 0.21-0.22 long, 0.035-0.036 wide, containing numerous ova. Vagina is invisible. Vitellaria consist of numerous small follicles situated at the level of genital atrium to the posterior of haptor. Anterior portion is devoid of vitellaria. 48 Hadi et. al. Pakistan Journal of Parasitology 63; June 2017 Haptor is longer then body, 3.6-3.7 length. Clamps are about 90-100 present all over the haptor. Clamps consisting of (a) marginal sclerites (b) lateral sclerites and (c) median sclerites. Etymology: The species name Cynoscionicola calcariferi refers to the fish host. DISCUSSION The genus Cynoscionicola was described by Price, 1962 to accommodate type species Cynoscionicola heteracantha (Manter,1938) Price, 1962 (syn Microcotyle h.M.) on the gills of fish Cynoscion nebulosus, C.regalis, in North Carolina,Massachusetts, other species are C .longicauda Goto, 1899 (syn. Microcotyle L. G.) on Cynoscion regale in Newport, U.S.A; C. pseudoheteracantha (Hargis, 1957) Price, 1962 (syn. Microcotyle p.H.) on Cynoscion nothus in Grand Isle, Louisiana, Bravo-Hollis, 1984 on Cynoscion nothus in Veracruz; Cynoscionicola sciaenae Bravo-Hollis, 1982 on Umbrina xanti in Oaxaca and Sonora, Mexico; Cynoscionicola srivastavai Bravo-Hollis and Caballero,1970 Mendoza-Garfias and Perez-Ponce de Leon, 1999 on Anisotremus dovii in Jalisco, Mexico and Bravo-Hollis, 1982 on Bairdiella icistia in Sonora, Nayarit and Jalisco, Mexico and on Cynoscion xanthulus Bravo-Hollis, 1982; Bravo-Hollis, 1986 in Sonora, Nayarit, Jalisco, Sinaloa, Mexico on Isopisthus remifer, Bravo-Hollis, 1986 in Sonora and Sinaloa, Mexico on Umbrina xanti, Bravo- Hollis and Cabellero, 1970; Bravo- Hollis, 1982 in Baja, California, Sonora, Nayarit, Jalisco and Mexico The present species Cynoscionicola calcariferi n.sp. was collected from a new host Lates calcarifer in all important characters the present species similar to genus Cynoscionicola but differs from the known species because of differences in important diagnostic features such as body size, number of testes and number and structure of clamps .The present species is longer (6.5-6.7 x 0.36-0.39) than C. heteracantha (5.94-8 x 0.262-0.502) and C. pseudoheteracantha (3.5-4.6 x 0.248-0.388). The number of testes in present species are 8- 10 while in C.heteracantha there are 33-35 testes, in C.longicauda 55 testes and in C. pseudoheteracantha 11-14 testes. The number of clamps in present species are 90-95 scattered all over the surface of haptor while in C.heteracantha clamps are 112-139 on left side and 100-115 on right side, in C.longicauda 120 clamps are on each side, and in C. pseudoheteracantha 99-148 clamps are in two rows. As mentioned above the present species is differentiate morphologically and morphometerically from other described species of the genus as 8-10 number of testes, ovary tube-like, 90-95 number of clamps are scattered from all over the surface of haptor. Therefore, the present species is regarded as a new species Cynoscionicola calcariferi. The species name refers to the host. 49 Hadi et. al. Pakistan Journal of Parasitology 63; June 2017 Fig. 1(a-d). Cynoscionicola calcariferi n.sp.a.Whole mount (ventral composite) b. Male copulatory organ, ovary, testes. c. Haptor portion. d. Clamps. 50 Hadi et. al. Pakistan Journal of Parasitology 63; June 2017 Fig. 2. Phase contrast microscopy of Cynosionicola calcariferi n.sp. holotype haptor portion showing clamps. 51 Hadi et. al. Pakistan Journal of Parasitology 63; June 2017 LITERATURE CITED Bilqees, F.M. and Imrana Shabbir, 2004. Studies on monogenea of Pakistan IV. Allodiscocotyla elongatum sp.n. (Monogenea: Discocotylidae from the fish Chorinemus moadetta of Karachi coast. Proc. Parasitol., 37:51–54. Bravo-Hollis, M and Caballero, R.G., 1970. Helminths from the fishes of Mexican waters of the Pacific Ocean XXVI. A new species of monogenea from La Paz, Baja, California, Mexico. H.D. Srivastava Commemorative Volume, 245–250. Bravo-Hollis, M., 1982. Helmintos de peces del Pacifico Mexicano. XXXVIII. Sobre seis especies conosidas de monogeneos del suborden Microcotlinae Lebedev, 1972. An. Inst. Biol. Univ. Nat. Auton. Mexico, Ser. Zool., 52, 1–12. Bravo-Hollis., 1984. Monogenea (van Beneden 1858) Carus, 1863 depeces marinos del golfo de mexico y del mar caribe. X. Nuevos Localidades de colecta de seis especies conocidas. An. Ins. Biol. Univ. Nat. Auton. Mexico. Ser. Zool., 55, 61–71. Bravo-Hollis, M., 1986. Helmintos de peces del Pacifico Maxicano.XLI. UNA especie nueva del genero Polynemicola. An. Inst. Biol. Uni. Nat. Auton. Mexico. Ser. Zool., 56, 277–290 Goto, S. (1899) (1900). Notes on some exotic species of parasitic trematodes. J. Coll. Sc. Tokyo, 12, 263–295. Hargis, W.J. (jr),1957. The host specificity of monogenetic trematodes. Exp. Parasitol., 6(6), 610–62. Mendoza-Garfies, B, Perez-Ponce de Lein, G., 1999. Microcotylids (Monogenea: Microcotylidae) parasites of marine fish rom Chamela Bay, Jalisco, Mexico. Anal. Inst. Biol. Univ. Nation. Auton. Mexico. Ser. Zool., 69, 139–153. Price, E.W. 1962b. North American monogenetic trematodes XI. The family Heteraxinidae. J. Parasitol., 48, 4. 52.
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