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Distribution and Abundance of Select Trace Metals in Chukchi and Beaufort Sea Ice

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Distribution and Abundance of Select Trace Metals in Chukchi and Beaufort Sea Ice Distribution and Abundance of Select Trace Metals in Chukchi and Beaufort Sea Ice Principal Investigators Robert Rember1 Ana M. Aguilar-Islas2 Graduate Student Vincent Domena2 1International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks 2College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks FINAL REPORT December 2016 OCS Study BOEM 2016-079 Contact Information: email: [email protected] phone: 907.474.6782 fax: 907.474.7204 Coastal Marine Institute College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences University of Alaska Fairbanks P. O. Box 757220 Fairbanks, AK 99775-7220 This study was funded in part by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) through Cooperative Agreement M13AC00002 between BOEM, Alaska Outer Continental Shelf Region, and the University of Alaska Fairbanks. This report, OCS Study BOEM 2016-079, is available through the Coastal Marine Institute, select federal depository libraries and can be accessed electronically at http://www.boem.gov/Alaska-Scientific-Publications. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the U.S. Government. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the U.S. Government. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................................... iii LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT. ................................................................................................................................................ iv INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................ 1 Objectives ............................................................................................................................................... 3 Study Area ............................................................................................................................................. 3 METHODS .................................................................................................................................................. 6 Field Sampling ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Sample Processing .................................................................................................................................. 7 Laboratory Analyses ............................................................................................................................... 8 Trace metals in suspended sediments ........................................................................................... 8 Dissolved trace metals in seawater, snow, and sea ice ................................................................ 9 Quality Assurance and Quality Control ................................................................................................. 9 Instrument calibration ................................................................................................................... 9 Quality control measurements for analysis ................................................................................... 9 RESULTS ................................................................................................................................................... 10 2013 Chukchi Sea Water Column ........................................................................................................ 10 Sea Ice Tank Experiments .................................................................................................................... 16 Sea Ice Field Sampling ......................................................................................................................... 18 DISCUSSION. ............................................................................................................................................ 25 Chukchi Sea Trace Metal Distributions ............................................................................................... 25 Sea Ice Tank Experiments .................................................................................................................... 29 Field Samples ....................................................................................................................................... 32 Dissolved trance metals in seawater ........................................................................................... 32 Trace metals in sea ice ................................................................................................................ 34 PROJECT OUTREACH ............................................................................................................................. 36 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................ 37 STUDY PRODUCTS ................................................................................................................................. 37 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................... 38 APPENDIX ................................................................................................................................................. 41 ii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Map detailing the trace metal stations off Oliktok Point, and location of Colville River delta ..... 4 Figure 2. Map detailing the trace metal stations and circulation in the Chukchi Sea and southern Beaufort Sea ……... ..................................................................................................................................................... 5 Figure 3. Diagram describing the sampling scheme for sea ice at stations off Oliktok Point ...................... 7 Figure 4. Custom-made chambers for melting sea ice cores ........................................................................ 8 Figure 5. Density and transmission data on the transect from Bering Strait to the northern Chukchi Sea along 168W . ............................................................................................................................................... 11 Figure 6. Concentrations of dissolved, leachable particulate, and refractory particulate Fe and Mn for Stations along the Chukchi Shelf. ............................................................................................................... 12 Figure 7. Dissolved oxygen, beam transmission and density data collected from CTD profiles ............... 13 Figure 8. Dissolved, leachable, and refractory Fe and Mn data collected during an extended occupation of a single station in the northern Chukchi Sea ............................................................................................... 14 Figure 9. Profiles of dissolved metals for the southern Canada Basin collected in 2010 and 2013 ........... 15 Figure 10. Filtered seawater from the Gulf of Alaska frozen in a large polyethylene tank in the cold room of the UAF Geophysical Institute. .............................................................................................................. 16 Figure 11. Select results from the ice tank experiments conducted in 2014 .............................................. 17 Figure 12. Salinity and temperature profiles collected at the five stations occupied during May 2015 off Oliktok Point. .............................................................................................................................................. 19 Figure 13. Concentrations of select dissolved metals at the five stations occupied during May 2015. ..... 20 Figure 14. Concentration of total suspendid solids in sea ice cores collected during spring 2015 ............ 21 Figure 15. Metal to Al ratios in sea ice cores collected May 2015 from the Colville River Delta ............ 24 Figure 16. Graduate student Vincent Domena lectures to students during Bering Sea Day’s on St. Paul Island in October 2016.. .............................................................................................................................. 36 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Station locations for stations occupied during May 2015 ............................................................. 18 Table 2. Concentrations of dissolved trace metals in the seawater collected below the ice at stations occupied during spring 2015 near the mouth of the Colville River ............................................................ 21 Table 3. Concentrations of dissolved trace metals in the sea ice collected at stations occupied during spring 2015 near the mouth of the Colville River ....................................................................................... 23 Table 4. Metal to Al ratios for particulate trace metals in the sea ice cores collected at stations occupied during spring 2015 near the mouth of the Colville River ..........................................................................
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