The New World of Discovery, Invention, and Innovation: Convergence of Knowledge, Technology, and Society
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Curriculum Vitae Ned O'gorman Associate Professor Department Of
Curriculum Vitae Ned O’Gorman Associate Professor Department of Communication University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 325 Communication Building, MC-456 1207 Oregon St. Urbana, IL 61801 USA Office Phone: 217.265.0859 Email: [email protected] Web: http://nogorman.org Education Ph.D., 2005, The Pennsylvania State University M.Div., Covenant Theological Seminary M.A., University of Tennessee B.A., Saint Louis University Academic Appointments and Affiliations 2012-present, Associate Professor, Department of Communication, University of Illinois 2015-16, Visiting Faculty Fellow, Institute for Advanced Studies in Culture, University of Virginia 2005-present, Core Faculty, Center for Writing Studies, University of Illinois 2010-present, Core Faculty, Program for Arms Control, Defense, and International Security 2012-13, Faculty Fellow, Center for Advanced Study, University of Illinois 2005-2012, Assistant Professor, Department of Communication, University of Illinois Awards & Honors 2103-18, Conrad Humanities Professorial Scholar, University of Illinois 2014, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences Dean’s Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching, University of Illinois 2012-13, Center for Advanced Study Fellow, University of Illinois 2013-15, Faculty Member, INTERSECT initiative in Technology Studies, Graduate College, University of Illinois. 2010, National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow (through Vectors/USC Summer Institute) 2010, Illinois Program for Research in the Humanities, Collaborative Research Project Award 2007-08, Humanities -
The “Doctrine of Discovery” and Terra Nullius: a Catholic Response
1 The “Doctrine of Discovery” and Terra Nullius: A Catholic Response The following text considers and repudiates illegitimate concepts and principles used by Europeans to justify the seizure of land previously held by Indigenous Peoples and often identified by the terms Doctrine of Discovery and terra nullius. An appendix provides an historical overview of the development of these concepts vis-a-vis Catholic teaching and of their repudiation. The presuppositions behind these concepts also undergirded the deeply regrettable policy of the removal of Indigenous children from their families and cultures in order to place them in residential schools. The text includes commitments which are recommended as a better way of walking together with Indigenous Peoples. Preamble The Truth and Reconciliation process of recent years has helped us to recognize anew the historical abuses perpetrated against Indigenous peoples in our land. We have also listened to and been humbled by courageous testimonies detailing abuse, inhuman treatment, and cultural denigration committed through the residential school system. In this brief note, which is an expression of our determination to collaborate with First Nations, Inuit and Métis in moving forward, and also in part a response to the Calls to Action of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, we would like to reflect in particular on how land was often seized from its Indigenous inhabitants without their consent or any legal justification. The Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops (CCCB), the Canadian Catholic Aboriginal Council and other Catholic organizations have been reflecting on the concepts of the Doctrine of Discovery and terra nullius for some time (a more detailed historical analysis is included in the attached Appendix). -
Rhetoric for Becoming Otherwise
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of the Liberal Arts RHETORIC FOR BECOMING OTHERWISE: LIFE, LITERATURE, GENEALOGY, FLIGHT A Dissertation in English by Abram D. Anders © 2009 Abram D. Anders Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2009 ii The dissertation of Abram D. Anders was reviewed and approved* by the following: Richard M. Doyle Professor of English and Science, Technology and Society Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Jeffrey T. Nealon Liberal Arts Research Professor of English Xiaoye You Assistant Professor of English and Asian Studies Robert A. Yarber, Jr. Distinguished Professor of Art Robert R. Edwards Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of English and Comparative Literature Department of English Graduate Director *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School. iii ABSTRACT Rhetoric for Becoming Otherwise begins with the Isocratean premise that thought, speech, writing are best understood as bridges between the already said of language and the emerging circumstances that are the occasions for their production. This argument is rehearsed across a variety of domains and instances following Isocrates exhortation that the rhetorician or practitioner of philosophia can only model the movement of discourse without expecting to provide any “true knowledge” or “absolute theory” for how to encounter the problematics of an endlessly deferred present. As a matter of rhetoric, becoming otherwise is the continually renewed task of creating something new from the resources of language and for the demands of an ever deferred present—Presocratics versus Classicists (Chapter 1). As a matter of health, becoming otherwise is the necessity of overcoming limitation and suffering in order to achieve new norms of health and pursue the ever changing opportunities of a self‐developing capacity for producing new capacities—Normativity versus Normalization (Chapter 2). -
The Impacts of Technological Invention on Economic Growth – a Review of the Literature Andrew Reamer1 February 28, 2014
THE GEORGE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC POLICY The Impacts of Technological Invention on Economic Growth – A Review of the Literature Andrew Reamer1 February 28, 2014 I. Introduction In their recently published book, The Second Machine Age, Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee rely on economist Paul Krugman to explain the connection between invention and growth: Paul Krugman speaks for many, if not most, economists when he says, “Productivity isn’t everything, but in the long run it’s almost everything.” Why? Because, he explains, “A country’s ability to improve its standard of living over time depends almost entirely on its ability to raise its output per worker”—in other words, the number of hours of labor it takes to produce everything, from automobiles to zippers, that we produce. Most countries don’t have extensive mineral wealth or oil reserves, and thus can’t get rich by exporting them. So the only viable way for societies to become wealthier—to improve the standard of living available to its people—is for their companies and workers to keep getting more output from the same number of inputs, in other words more goods and services from the same number of people. Innovation is how this productivity growth happens.2 For decades, economists and economic historians have sought to improve their understanding of the role of technological invention in economic growth. As in many fields of inventive endeavor, their efforts required time to develop and mature. In the last five years, these efforts have reached a point where they are generating robust, substantive, and intellectually interesting findings, to the benefit of those interested in promoting growth-enhancing invention in the U.S. -
American Indian Nations and the International Law of Colonialism by Robert J
Focus on Indian Law American Indian Nations and the International Law of Colonialism by Robert J. Miller Most of the non-European world was colonized those elements greatly assists in analyzing how the under an international legal principle known today Discovery doctrine was used against Indian nations as the Doctrine of Discovery.1 Beginning in the early and peoples throughout American history and to 1400s, European countries and the church began observe its continuing impacts today. It is clear that all developing legal principles to exploit and acquire of these elements were also used to justify the United lands outside of Europe.2 As the doctrine developed, States’ continental expansion and the displacement of it provided that Europeans could acquire property native nations under the policy or historic era called rights over lands owned by indigenous peoples and American Manifest Destiny. Robert J. Miller is a professor at the Sandra could also acquire sovereign, political, and commer- Day O’Connor College cial rights over indigenous nations and peoples. This 1. First Discovery of Law at Arizona State legal principle was allegedly justified by religious and The first Euro-American country to discover areas University and faculty ethnocentric ideas of European superiority. When unknown to other Euro-Americans claimed property director of the Rosette Europeans, and later Americans, planted flags and and sovereign rights over the lands and indigenous in- LLP American Indian Economic Development religious symbols in “newly discovered” territories, habitants. First discovery alone, however, only created Program. © 2015 Robert they were undertaking the well recognized legal an inchoate claim of title. -
Taking Technology Seriously: Introduction to the Special Issue on New Technologies and Global Environmental Politics • Simon Nicholson and Jesse L
Taking Technology Seriously: Introduction to the Special Issue on New Technologies and Global Environmental Politics • Simon Nicholson and Jesse L. Reynolds* Human beings are at once makers of and made by technology. The ability to wield tools was an essential ingredient in propelling an otherwise unremarkable ape to a position of dominance over ecological and even planetary affairs. This dominance has been attained through a remaking of the physical world and has produced a planet fundamentally altered. Technology, this is to say, has been central to history and human-induced environmental change. Our earliest significant environ- mental impacts appear to have been mass extinctions of megafauna, especially in North and South America, Australia, and the Pacific Islands, enabled by hunting and trapping tools and techniques. These were followed by large-scale land use changes from the rise of agriculture, another early set of technologies that were key to Homo sapiens’ success (Boivin et al. 2016). Technology presents a paradox. Existing, emerging, and anticipated technol- ogies offer remarkable possibilities for human well-being and the environmental condition. Since 1900, global average life expectancy has more than doubled and continues to rise (Roser et al. 2013). Most people can access information and educational opportunities that in the not-too-distant past were restricted to a tiny elite. The growth of farmland—which may be the leading direct driver of change in nature (Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services 2019)—has recently been reversed through agricultural intensification (World Bank, n.d.). Ozone-depleting substances have been largely replaced by synthetic substitutes. -
Scientific Discovery in the Era of Big Data: More Than the Scientific Method
Scientific Discovery in the Era of Big Data: More than the Scientific Method A RENCI WHITE PAPER Vol. 3, No. 6, November 2015 Scientific Discovery in the Era of Big Data: More than the Scientific Method Authors Charles P. Schmitt, Director of Informatics and Chief Technical Officer Steven Cox, Cyberinfrastructure Engagement Lead Karamarie Fecho, Medical and Scientific Writer Ray Idaszak, Director of Collaborative Environments Howard Lander, Senior Research Software Developer Arcot Rajasekar, Chief Domain Scientist for Data Grid Technologies Sidharth Thakur, Senior Research Data Software Developer Renaissance Computing Institute University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC, USA 919-445-9640 RENCI White Paper Series, Vol. 3, No. 6 1 AT A GLANCE • Scientific discovery has long been guided by the scientific method, which is considered to be the “gold standard” in science. • The era of “big data” is increasingly driving the adoption of approaches to scientific discovery that either do not conform to or radically differ from the scientific method. Examples include the exploratory analysis of unstructured data sets, data mining, computer modeling, interactive simulation and virtual reality, scientific workflows, and widespread digital dissemination and adjudication of findings through means that are not restricted to traditional scientific publication and presentation. • While the scientific method remains an important approach to knowledge discovery in science, a holistic approach that encompasses new data-driven approaches is needed, and this will necessitate greater attention to the development of methods and infrastructure to integrate approaches. • New approaches to knowledge discovery will bring new challenges, however, including the risk of data deluge, loss of historical information, propagation of “false” knowledge, reliance on automation and analysis over inquiry and inference, and outdated scientific training models. -
DEMOPOLIS Democracy Before Liberalism in Theory and Practice
Trim: 228mm 152mm Top: 11.774mm Gutter: 18.98mm × CUUK3282-FM CUUK3282/Ober ISBN: 978 1 316 51036 0 April 18, 2017 12:53 DEMOPOLIS Democracy before Liberalism in Theory and Practice JOSIAH OBER Stanford University, California v Trim: 228mm 152mm Top: 11.774mm Gutter: 18.98mm × CUUK3282-FM CUUK3282/Ober ISBN: 978 1 316 51036 0 April 18, 2017 12:53 Contents List of Figures page xi List of Tables xii Preface: Democracy before Liberalism xiii Acknowledgments xvii Note on the Text xix 1 Basic Democracy 1 1.1 Political Theory 1 1.2 Why before Liberalism? 5 1.3 Normative Theory, Positive Theory, History 11 1.4 Sketch of the Argument 14 2 The Meaning of Democracy in Classical Athens 18 2.1 Athenian Political History 19 2.2 Original Greek Defnition 22 2.3 Mature Greek Defnition 29 3 Founding Demopolis 34 3.1 Founders and the Ends of the State 36 3.2 Authority and Citizenship 44 3.3 Participation 48 3.4 Legislation 50 3.5 Entrenchment 52 3.6 Exit, Entrance, Assent 54 3.7 Naming the Regime 57 4 Legitimacy and Civic Education 59 4.1 Material Goods and Democratic Goods 60 4.2 Limited-Access States 63 4.3 Hobbes’s Challenge 64 4.4 Civic Education 71 ix Trim: 228mm 152mm Top: 11.774mm Gutter: 18.98mm × CUUK3282-FM CUUK3282/Ober ISBN: 978 1 316 51036 0 April 18, 2017 12:53 x Contents 5 Human Capacities and Civic Participation 77 5.1 Sociability 79 5.2 Rationality 83 5.3 Communication 87 5.4 Exercise of Capacities as a Democratic Good 88 5.5 Free Exercise and Participatory Citizenship 93 5.6 From Capacities to Security and Prosperity 98 6 Civic Dignity -
The Effects of Technology and Innovation on Society Peter Sasvari
Bahria University Journal of Information & Communication Technology Vol. 5, Issue 1 December 2012 The Effects of Technology and Innovation on Society Peter Sasvari Abstract- Various models of the information society have been Information as a term became more and more popular in the developed so far and they are so different from country to last 30-40 years; it has started to have an increasingly country that it would be rather unwise to look for a single, all- important role in everyday language while its strict meaning encompassing definition. In our time a number of profound mentioned above has gradually faded away. At the same time, socio-economic changes are underway. The application of these theories and schools on ICT is problematic in many respects. there has been a growing uncertainty about the true meaning First, as we stated above, there is not a single, widely used of the term 'information'. All this doubtfulness is mainly paradigm which has synthesised the various schools and theories caused by the so-called 'information-centered' world we are dealing with technology and society. Second, these fragmented living in and by the widespread expansion of information and approaches do not have a fully-fledged mode of application to the communication technology as almost everyone living in relationship of ICT and (information) society. Third, SCOT, developed western societies can experience the phenomenon ANT, the evolutionary- or the systems approach to the history of technology when dealing with information society – does not take called the Information Revolution. All this suggests that into account the results of approaches studying the very essence information has become an essential part of our society and of the information age: information, communication and plays a centre role in our lives. -
Inventions and Patents
MODULE 03 Inventions and Patents MODULE 03. Inventions and Patents OUTLINE LEARNING POINT 1: Basics of invention and patent 1. One way of adding value to a product 2. Reasons for patenting an invention LEARNING POINT 2: Patent application 1. Evaluating the patentability of an invention 2. Deciding whether to patent an invention 3. Preparing a patent application (1) Detailed description of the invention (2) Claims (3) Who prepares (4) After filing a patent application LEARNING POINT 3: Patent infringement 1. Definition of patent infringement 2. If you come across your competitor’s patent LEARNING POINT 4: Patent management system 1. Basic elements of a patent management system 2. Patent portfolio INTRODUCTION The term "intellectual property (IP)" is defined as the property resulting from creations of the human mind, the intellect. In this regard, it is fair that the person making efforts for an intellectual creation has some benefit as a result of this endeavor. Probably, the most important among intellectual properties is “patent.” A patent is an exclusive right granted by a government for an invention, which is a product or a process that provides, in general, a new way of doing something, or offers a new technical solution to a problem. The details on the way of acquiring patents will be provided for protecting precious intellectual properties. LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. You understand how to decide whether your new technology or invention should be protected by one or more patents and, if so, how to do so. 2. You know how the grant of a patent over an invention or technology helps you to prevent or have an upper hand in legal disputes that may arise later on. -
Some Notes on Theories of Technology, Society and Innovation Systems for S&T Policy Studies
1 Some notes on theories of Technology, Society and Innovation Systems for S&T policy studies Mónica Salazar-Acosta and Adam Holbrook CPROST Report 08-02 2 3 Some notes on theories of technology, society and innovation systems for science and technology policy studies Mónica Salazar-Acosta and Adam Holbrook, with editorial comments by Glenda Shaw-Garlock CENTRE FOR POLICY RESEARCH ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Vancouver BC Report 08-02 Introduction Does technology shape society, or does society influence our technological choices? Is technological determinism a theory of society or a theory of technology? The debate on Science, Technology and Society (STS) studies has been animated by two opposite views on technology: one that affirms that technology shapes society, and the other that society shapes technology. The former, is commonly associated with the notion of technological determinism; while the latter could be labeled ‘social shaping of technology’ which covers various approaches, such as social constructivism and actor-network theory. Neither provides an overall view: one looks at the forest and the other at the trees, but both have failed to give us a comprehensive view of technological change and the major forces driving social change. What follows is an examination of technological determinism – the shaping of society by technology - and the influence of society on the evolution of technology . It does not pretend to be exhaustive or representative of the most recent scholarship on the subject. A good, recent, -
STS Departments, Programs, and Centers Worldwide
STS Departments, Programs, and Centers Worldwide This is an admittedly incomplete list of STS departments, programs, and centers worldwide. If you know of additional academic units that belong on this list, please send the information to Trina Garrison at [email protected]. This document was last updated in April 2015. Other lists are available at http://www.stswiki.org/index.php?title=Worldwide_directory_of_STS_programs http://stsnext20.org/stsworld/sts-programs/ http://hssonline.org/resources/graduate-programs-in-history-of-science-and-related-studies/ Austria • University of Vienna, Department of Social Studies of Science http://sciencestudies.univie.ac.at/en/teaching/master-sts/ Based on high-quality research, our aim is to foster critical reflexive debate concerning the developments of science, technology and society with scientists and students from all disciplines, but also with wider publics. Our research is mainly organized in third party financed projects, often based on interdisciplinary teamwork and aims at comparative analysis. Beyond this we offer our expertise and know-how in particular to practitioners working at the crossroad of science, technology and society. • Institute for Advanced Studies on Science, Technology and Society (IAS-STS) http://www.ifz.tugraz.at/ias/IAS-STS/The-Institute IAS-STS is, broadly speaking, an Institute for the enhancement of Science and Technology Studies. The IAS-STS was found to give around a dozen international researchers each year - for up to nine months - the opportunity to explore the issues published in our annually changing fellowship programme. Within the frame of this fellowship programme the IAS-STS promotes the interdisciplinary investigation of the links and interaction between science, technology and society as well as research on the development and implementation of socially and environmentally sound, sustainable technologies.