~316 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE .JUNE 5 purposes; without amendment (Rept. No. to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Thee, are but vanity and vexation of 2206). Referred to the Committee of the Commerce. spirit. If Thou comest dressed drably :Whole House. By Mr. RANDOLPH: as duty, may we earn at the last Thy Mr. ELLIOTT: Joint Committee on the H. R. 6673. A bill to amend section 6 of the Disposition of Executive Papers, House Re­ Civil Service Retirement Act of May 29, 1930, "well done." If Thou comest in the white port No. 2207. Report on the disposition of as amended; to the Committee on the Civil garments of truth, may we not fail to certain papers of sundry executive depart­ Service. follow the road though rough and steep. ments. Ordered to be printed. By Mr. BOREN: As we fare forth in Thy fear, prosper us Mr. ELLIOTT: Joint Committee on the H. R. 6674. A bill to insure the proper hos­ this day in our work; so may we fulfill Disposition of Executive Papers. House Re­ pital care to members of the armed forces; our daily tasks with honor and integrity, port No. 2208. Report on the disposition of to the Committee on Military Affairs. · walking ever in the ways of Thy com­ cettain papers of sundry executive depart­ By Mr. ROE of New York: H. R. 6675. A bill to provide for certificate mandments. In the dear Redeemer's ments. Ordered to be printed. name. Amen. Mr. STIGLER: Committee on Indian Af­ of meritorious award to State guards; to the Committee on Military Affairs. fairs. S. 1043.. An act to set aside certain THE JOURNAL lands in Oklahoma in trust for the Indians of On request of Mr. MAYBANK, and by the Kiowa, Comanche, and Apache Indian PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Reservation; without amendment (Rept. No. unanimous consent, the reading of the 2209). Referred to the Committee of the Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private Journal of the proceedings of the cal­ Whole House on the State of the Union. bills and resolutions were introduced and endar day Tuesday, June 4, 1946, was Mr. JACKSON: Committee on Indian Af­ severally referred as follows: dispensed with, and the Journal was fairs. H. R. 4983. A bill to provide for ad­ By Mr. BALDWIN of New York: approved. justments in connection with the Crow irri.i­ H. R. 6676. A bill for the relief of John MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT gation project, Crow Indian Reservation, Babjak and others; to the Committee on Mont.; with amendments (Rept. No. 2210). Claims. Messages in writing from the Presi­ Referred to the Committee of the Whole By Mr. HERTER: dent of the United States submitting House on the State of the Union. H. R. 6677. A bill for the relief of Edward nominations were communicated to the Mr. JACKSON: Committee on Indian Af­ J. Haddigan and John F. Haddigan; to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his secre­ fairs. H. R. 6195. A bill to amend section Committee on Claims. taries. 1 of the act of June 4, 1920 ( 41 Stat. 751) By Mr. PATMAN: entitled "An act to provide for the allot~ H. R. 6678. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Ger­ CALL OF THE ROLL ment of lands of the Crow Tribe for the dis­ trude Wooten; to the Committee on Claims. tribution of tribal funds, and for other By Mr. SHERIDAN: Mr. MAYBANK. I suggest the ab­ purposes," as amended by the act of May H. R. 6679. A bill for the relief of Louis sence o~ a quorum. 26, 1926 (44 Stat. 658); without amendment Schmidhamer; to the Committee on Claims. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The (Rept. No. 2211). Referred to the Commit- . clerk will call the roll. tee of the Whole House on the State of the The Chief Clerk called the roll, and Union. PETITIONS, ETC. the following Senators answered to their Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions names: REPORTS OF COMMI'ITEES ON PRIVATE and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk Aiken Hayden O'Mahoney BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS and referred as follows: Andrews Hickenlooper Overton 1929. By Mr. HANCOCK: Petition of Miss Austin Hill Pepper Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of Ball Hoey Reed committees were delivered to the Clerk Bessie M. Hubbs and other residents of Onon­ Barkley Huffman Revercomb daga County, N.Y., urging legislation to pre­ Bridges Johnson, Colo. Robertson for printing and reference to the proper vent the use of grain in the manufacture of Briggs Johnston, S. C. Russell calendar, as follows: alcoholic beverages; to the Committee on Brooks Kilgore Saltonstall Mr. LESINSKI: Committee on Immigra­ Agriculture. Buck Knowland Shipstead R. 1930. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the Burch La Follette Smith tion and Naturalization. H. 6403. A bill Bushfield Langer Stanfill for the relief of Mrs. Amelia Shidzee Naga­ governors' conference, petitioning consider­ Butler Lucas Stewart mine Toneman; with amendment (Rept. No. ation of their resolution with reference to Capehart McCarran Taft 2203). Referred to the Committee of the request for extension of selective service and Capper McClellan Thomas. Okla. Whole House. adoption of compulsory military training and Connally McFarland Thomas, Utah service program; to the Committee on Mili­ Cordon McKellar Tobey tary Affairs. Donnell McMahon Tunnell PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Downey Magnuson Tydings 1931. By Mr. ARNOLD: Petition of mem­ Eastland Maybank Vandenberg Under clause 3 of rule XXII, public bers of the Home Culture Extension Club, Ellender Mead Wagner bills and resolutions were introduced and Laclede, Mo., petitioning consideration of Ferguson Millikin Walsh their resolution with reference to the sugar Fulbright Mitchell Wheeler severally referred as follows: shortage; to the Committee To Investigate George Moore Wherry By Mr. HEALY: Supplies and Shortages of Food. Green Morse White H. R. 6668. A bill to provide additional fa­ Guffey Murdock Wiley Gurney Murray Wilson cilities for the prevention of labor disputes, ·Hart Myers and for other purposes; to the Committee on Hawkes O'Daniel Labor. By Mr. RANKIN: SENATE Mr. HILL. I announce that the Sena­ H . R. 6669. A bill to provide for apportion­ tor from North Carolina [Mr. BAILEY] ment of a veteran's pension, compensation, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 5, 1946 and the Senator from Alabama [Mr. or retirement pay during hospitalization, in­ BANKHEAD] are absent because of illness. stit utional or domiciliary care, and for other (Legislative day of Tuesday, March 5, purposes; to the Committee on World War The Senator from Mississippi [Mr. Veterans' Legislation. 1946) BILBO], the Senator from Nevada [Mr. By Mr. CELLER: The Senate met at 11 o'clock a.m., on CARVILLE], and the Senators from Idaho H. R. 6670. A bill to amend title II of the the expiration of the recess. [Mr. GOSSETT and Mr. TAYLOR] are ab­ Social Security Act, as amended, by giving sent by leave of the Senate. insurance benefits under the Federal old-age The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown and survivors insurance provisions of that Harris, D. · D., offered the following The Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. act to survivors of veterans of World War II, prayer: GERRY] is necessarily absent. and for other purposes; to the Committee The Senator from Virginia [Mr. on Ways and Means. · Eternal God our Father, in the still­ ness of prayer, as the loud poundings of BYRD], the Senators .from New MexicO By Mr. DOMENGEAUX: [Mr. CHAVEZ and Mr. HATCH], and the H. R. 6671. A bill to extend, for one addi­ the builders cease, always we are con­ tional year, the provisions of the Sugar Act scious of a persistent knocking at our Senator from Maryland [Mr. RADCLIFFE] of 1937, as amended, and the taxes with heart's door and of a· tender, pleading are detained on public business. · respect to sugar; to the Committee on Agri- voice, which steals into the emptiness of Mr. WHERRY. The Senator from culture. · our self-content, calling: "If any mah Maine [Mr: BREWSTER] and the Senator By Mr. CELLER: from Indiana [Mr. WILLIS] are neces­ H. R. 6672. A bill to promote the progress will open· the door, :twill come in." So1- of science and the useful arts, to secure the emnize us with the knowledge that onfy sarily absent. national defense, to advance the national oiir hand can open the door that keel1's The Senator from North Dakota [Mr. health and welfare, and for other purposes; ti'hee out of our lives which~ witf:i'Otlt YouNG] is absent by leave of the Senate. 1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~SENATE 6317 The PRESIDENT pro tempore. shores the evils of all foreign isms and crack­ S. 2297. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Joan Eighty-two Senators having answered pot ideologies, and preserve to us, themselves Nabi Velasquez; to the Committee on Immi­ to their names, a quorum is present. and their children, our priceless American gration. heritage. S. 2298. A bill granting a pension to the JOINT SESSION OF CONGRESS COMMEM- We aftlrm our faith and allegiance to the dependent parents of Frank A. Guadagnoli; ORATING THE LIFE, CHARACTER, AND Constitution of the United States and to the to the Committee on Pensions. PUBLIC SERVICES OF THE LATE PRESI­ principle of the sovereignty of man that it S. 2299. A bill for the relief of the estate DENT ROOSEVELT guarantees. We affirm our faith in our old­ of Lee Jones Cardy; and fashioned system of government by law, un­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. House S. 2300. A bill for the relief of Horst der which this Nation has grown and pros­ Specialty Manufacturing Co.; to the Com­ Concurrent Resolution 152, providing for pered, and not in government by m an , under mittee on Claims. a joint session of the Congress on Mon­ which foreign nations have perished. We day, July 1, 1946, for the purpose of hold­ affirm our faith in our American ideologies By Mr. REVERCOMB: and in the fitness of the American people S. 2301. A bill for the relief of Rev. John ing appropriate exercises in commemo­ C. Young; to the Committee on Claims. ration of the life, character, and public to govern themselves. We look to you, as our· duly elected repre­ ORGANIZATION OF CONGRESS services of the late Franklin D. Roose­ sentative, to exert your every effort to pre­ velt, President of the United States, has serve to us and to our children the American Mr. LA FOLLETTE submitted amend­ been duly adopted by both Houses. Un­ principle of "government of, by, and for the ments intended to be proposed by him to der the terms of that resolution, the Pres­ people," and in its ever" meaning and com­ the bill (S. 2177) to provide for increased ident of the Senate is directed to ap­ plete integrity. efficiency in the legislative branch of the point a committee representing the Sen­ Yours for good old-fashioned American Government, which were ordered to lie ate. On that committee the Chair ap­ government, on the table and to be printed. points the Senator from Georgia [Mr. Winfield Chapter, No. 71, American War Dads: W. E. Broadie, f':~sident; H. SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO COMMITTEE ON RussELL], the Senator from Illinois [Mr. H. Hanalen, Secretary; H. C. Wind, EDUCATION AND LABOR ' LucAs], and the Senator from California 0. F. Brane, P. F. Weinrich, W. V. [Mr. KNOWLAND]. Hilderbran, C. H. Benson, G. L. Mr. MURRAY submitted the following Jarvis, Executive Board. resolution (S. Res. 279), which was re­ PETITIONS ferred to the Committee To Audit and Petitions were laid before the Senate REPORTS OF COMMITTEES Control the Contingent Expenses of the and referred as indicated: The following reports of committees Senate: By the PRESIDENT pro tempore: were submitted: Resolved, That Senate Resolution 243, A petition signed by sundry members of By Mr. TYDINGS, from the Committee on Seventy-ninth Congress, agreed to April 1, the Washington (D. C.) Committee for Territories and Insular Affairs: 1946, authorizing the Committee on Educa­ Americans of Japanese Ancestry, praying H. J. Res. 360. Joint resolution to provide tion and Labor to employ a special assistant for the enactment of the bill (S. 2127) to for United States participation in the Phil­ to be paid from the contingent fund of create an Evacuation Claims Commission ippine independence ceremonies . on July 4, the Senate at the rate of $5,640 per "-:lnum, under the general supervision of the Sec­ 1946; with amendments (Rept. No. 1421). hereby is continued in full force and effect retary of the Interior, and to provide for the By Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado, from the until June 30, 1947. powers, duties, and · functions thereof, and Committee on Finance: . for other purposes, which was referred to the LABOR-MANAGEMENT LEGISLATION­ S. 2018. A bill to facilitate the decentraliza­ ADDRESS BY SENATOR CAPPER Committee on the Judiciary. tion of the Veterans' Administration; with­ By Mr. CAPPER: out amendment (Rept. No. 1422); [Mr. CAPPER asked and obtained leave to A petition of sundry citizens of Sacred S. 2099. A bill to authorize the Adminis­ have printed in the RECORD a radio address Heart, Minn., praying for the enactment of tt·ator of Veterans' Affairs to accept gifts, de­ on the subject of the recently passed labor­ Senate bill 599, to prohibit the advertising vises, and bequests in behalf of the general management bills, delivered by him on June of alcoholic beverages in periodicals, news­ post fund for the use of veterans and for 2, 1946, which appears in the Appendix.] papers, and motion pictures, and over the the sale and conveyance of any such prop­ CONTINUANCE OF THE SELECTIVE SERV- radio; to the Committee on Interstate Com­ erty under certain circumstances and the merce. covering of the proceeds thereof into the ICE ACT-ARTICLE BY GOULD LIN­ COLN PRESERVATION OF AMERICAN LIBERTIES post fund, and for other purposes; without AND INSTITUTIONS amendment (Rept. No. 1423); [Mr. SALTONSTALL asked and obtained H. R. 5907. A bill to authorize the Admin­ leave to have printed in the RECORD an Mr. CAPPER. Mr. Presfdent, I have istrator of Veterans' Affairs to grant an ease­ article on the subject of continuance of the received a very interesting statement ment for highway purposes to the Common­ Selective Service Act, by Gould Lincoln, pub­ from the American War Dads, Winfield wealth of Pennsylvania, in certain lands in lished under the headline "The Political Europe for a Mr. President, I have before me the be required to come into the Army on a long time. testimony of the Chief of Staff, the re­ passing grade of 70. Men who attained No man has higher praise for the Army spected General Eisenhower, given be­ a grade of 110 on the same test during than I. The personnel of the Army, from fore the Military A~airs Committee dur­ the war were admitted to officers' train­ its Chief of Staff down to the private ing its hearings on January 16, 17, and ing school, and there is not a great mar­ soldier, is entitled to the praise of every 18. On page 355 there is set forth a gin between 70 and 110. So the point American citizen. It met foreign enemies table showing the employment of the system has been raised with regard to and vanquished them. It protected and Army overseas as of July 1, 1946. This admitting men into the Army during sustained us during the days of war. We is the plan and these are the figures of peacetime. The passing grade now is 70. feel deeply grateful, and we should never the number of men employed-the max­ ne military wants picked men. It does forget what the Army did. Surely, I imum :figures, the :figures fixed by the not want volunteers when it precludes would say that the Congress has not, nor Army, not the figures of anyone else, them by raising the point system. have the people, failed to acknowledge but the Army's demand, the Army's re­ Mr. GURNEY. I believe that if all of their gratitude. It should be everlasting, quest. The number of men who are to the questions were answered correctly and should be shown in a material way. be used overseas in all theaters as of the grade would be 162; 59 is equal to July 1, 1946, is 794,000. But even after such acknowledgment, Mr. President, the Army says that it about a fourth-grade education, and 70 Mr. President, shall the Army leaders of is equal to about a fifth-grade education. will have a volunteer force on July 1, 1946, our country be allowed to fix our national of 950,000 men. We know that it will Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, policy, or shall the Congress, upon whom will the Senator yield? have that number. We know that with ·the duty devolves, fix the policy of wheth­ 769,340 volunteer enlisted men at this Mr. REVERCOMB. I yield. er or not we shall continue with enforced Mr. SALTONSTALL. I have some fig­ time plus the 150,000 officers in service, ures before me which came from authen­ military service? every man who has been inducted into tic sources. They show that in Febru­ In the main, the bill now before the the Army and drafted and who was ary 1946, 36 percent of the enlistments Senate, as reported by the Military Af­ overseas can be brought home and his were in the fourth group, and that 9 per­ fairs Committee, is substantially the place filled by a volunteer, because only cent of the enlistments were in the fifth Army's bill. I realize that those who will 794,340 are needed overseas. or last group, or a total of 45 percent, follow without question the Army's de­ If the Army is going to need only 794,- as opposed to wartime, when 27 percent mands upon this subject, and those who 000 overseas in both European, Pacific, of the enlistments were in the fourth so devotedly believe in enforced mili­ and the other areas and they will have group and 5 percent were in the fifth tary service, regardless of need, are be­ 950,000 volunteers by July 1, 1946, there group. Now, with a reduced Army and yond the reach of any argument, and is no need for a man who is not a volun­ increased specialists with airplane train- cannot be infiuenced by any argument teer to be abroad on July 1, or shortly ·coN_GRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 'JUNE" 5 thereafter, of this year. Those facts, that it is based upon the actual facts and number of vo~untary enlistments during the those figures, are inescapable. figures of the War Department which 3 months preceding that month in which the I know the appeal to the Senate when cannot be refuted. requisition is made. any committee comes forth with a biii. I call the attention of the Senate to How can the Secretary of War and the I know that to oppose a committee bill the fact that the Army, under · its own Secretary of the Navy, under this pro­ is an uphill task, but I invite the atten­ plan, as of May 20, 1946, has one-million­ posal, make a greater call than is required tion of the Senate to the actual facts and nine-hundred-and-some-thousand men. by the law? figures, figures furnished by the Army, It wants an Army of 1,550,000 July the Mr. REVERCOMB. They will them­ as to whether or not the continuance first, and it will have them, because it selves determine what persons, what in­ of the draft can be justified. Every boy has them now. ·Under its plan it will dividuals, qualify under the voluntary who was drafted and who is overseas have 1,070,000 men, reduced by 500,000 enlistments. I do not wan·t to leave that today could be returned and a volunteer from that date, on July 1, 1947. Why is question open when I see the War De­ put in his place overseas under the fig­ there a desire to continue the draft partment raise the qualification from ures given by the Chief of Staff himself, when we consider the voluntary enlist­ 59 to 70. I do riot know when they will . and there would be left in this country ments as they are now proceeding? raise it to 100 or 110. more than 150,000 volunteers after filling Mr. President, I can see no reason for · Mr. FERGUSON. Then, the Senator's the needs of the overseas calls. Yet we it. I cannot see it sustained in the answer to the question would be that he talk about extending the draft. For facts and the figures which are pre­ is of the opinion that the number of men what? sented to us. who will be selected under voluntary en­ There is every reason to extend the Ah, the Army wants it, of course. As listments will be reduced, so t:tat there selective-service law. In addition to the I have pointed out, the Army wants to will always be a call for men under the reasons already given, we are told that select the men it puts into its service. selective service unless Congress forbids the international situation is such that I care not how many volunteers we were it? we must remain strong; we must be getting today, and I care not how many Mr. REVERCOMB. I think the mat­ ready for military calls. Mr. President, we get a year from now, the Army will ter should be placed entirely in the if we let the draft stay in effect without request the right to select those who hands of Congress. I feel it is the duty induction, every boy on becoming 18 serve. But are we, Mr. President, who of Congress to act in this situation, since years of age will register. He will be make the policies of this country, with we can get the men, and require the subject to call overnight when Congress the knowledge we have of the facts, go­ Army to go about getting volunteers; and says it is ready to call him. As described ing to ignore every other phase of na­ if they cannot get them, then let the by another Senator, it will .be as a loaded tional life and follow the Army blindly? Congress act to start inductions again. gun behind the door, ready to be picked Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, will In other words, rather than say to the up when the time of battle comes. But the Senator yield? War Department, "We are going to let why induct men today of any age, when Mr. REVERCOMB. I yield. you have the say so about when you will they are not needed, as plainly shown Mr. FERGUSON. I should like to ask stop selective service, and we will say by the facts? a question along that particular line. nothing about it: We hand over to Now let me turn, Mr. President, to On page 2 of Senate bill2057, as reported, you the whole power and you will say some other figures. These, too, are there is a provision which places the when selective service and induction figures furnished by the Army. The number of men in the Army on July 1 shall stop," I want the Congress to say, Army has estimated that its entire per­ of this year as not exceeding 1,550,000. "We stop them now. Go out and get sonnel, both officers and enlisted men, Mr. REVERCOMB. That is in my your volunteer Army. Be earnest about who will be volunteers on July 1, 1946, amendment also. this, and get your volunteer force, and Will be 950,000. In addition to that fig­ Mr. FERGUSON. Then it shall be if you cannot do it, then we will start ure, the Congress has authorized the reduced consistently month by month inductions again." creation of a corps known as the Philip­ so that the Army strength on the 1st Mr. FERGUSON. Would not a fair pine Scouts, of 50,000. No doubt what­ of July 1947 shall be 1,070,000. interpretation of the bill reported by the soever has been expressed that the 50,000 This is the provision to which I wish Senate committee, if it is followed fairly enlistments will be obtained. to call attention: and with the spirit of its language, be Here is an additional interesting fig­ And provided further, That the monthly that the Army would not be allowed to ure: There were inducted into the Army requisitions on the President under this act call for men under the selective service if of the United States under the Selective by the Secretary of War and the Secretary of they were getting the volunteers? Service from January 1, 1945, to May 1, the Navy shall not exceed the number of Mr. REVERCOMB. I prefer the other 1946, 927,874 men. The total of those nien required after consideration of the ac­ tual number of voluntary enlistments dur­ method, of the Congress stopping it, and figures would be 1,927,874, made up of when the Congress finds they cannot get volunteers and men inducted into the ing the 3 months preceding that month in which the requisition is made. volunteers to fill the forces up to the Army with 18 months of service as of number contained in the amendment, as July 1, 1946. If the President should follow this well as in the bill, let inductions start I realize that we cannot figure on the measure, how could the Army require whole 927,874, because, doubtless, some again under the act of Congress. men under the Selective Service Act if, Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Will the of those men were casualties in the war. under the voluntary system, it was get­ Senator from West Virginia yield? We cannot take it wholly because some ting a sufficient number to fill the re­ of the men who were inducted in that quirements? Mr. REVERCOMB. I yield. period enlisted for a definite period. Mr. REVERCOMB. The law says, I Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I share But I may say that taking one-half of point out to the able Senator, that the the Senator's op.timism about the vol­ them-and certainly that is a liberal President shall act upon the call of the unteers, as he well knows. I do not com­ consideration toward the Army's view­ Secretary of War and the Secretary of pletely concur in the conclusions he point-there will be in the service as of the Navy or monthly requisitions on the states, and the conclusions which he has July 1, 1946, 1,463,937 men who are vol­ President. He does not make any de­ reached in the substitute which he has unteers and who have had only 18 cision about it, the decision is made by proposed for the bill. Nevertheless, I do months' experience. the Secretary .of War and the Secretary concur with him in believing that vol­ There is no reason today, Mr. Presi­ of the Navy. I know that if it is left unteers can be obtained. dent, even if we disregard the figures of up to the Army, or the War Department, But there is one thing which should be the Chief of Staff about those who serve to determine whether or not there shall c·alled to the attention of the Senate and abroad, why every boy who has had 18 be calls for drafts, we can be certain there to the attention of the country. It is months' service should not be on his way will be calls for drafts. rather remarkable to learn the number back home. The substitute amendment Mr. FERGUSON. If the Senator will of volunteers the armed forces have re­ calls for the return of those men. yield for another question, in line 10, the ceived, inasm'l.ch as the Government of This proposal is not made because of bill as reported says: the United States is paying them to stay any sentimental reasons or any desire to The Secretary of War and the Secretary of out of the Army. What I mean by that relieve men from duties which they the Navy shall not exceed the number of men is that we have the employment-com­ should perform. I submit to the Senate required after consideration of the actual pensation provision now in force. 1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 6323 I talked with the Veterans' Adminis­ Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Will the mentioned. So, Mr. President, with that tration this morning, and I was surprised Senator from West Virginia yield? situation, and with the continued reduc­ to find that for the week ending May 25 Mr. REVERCOMB. I yield. tion of the Army up to July 1, 1947, why the United States Treasury paid out $32,- Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. The must we at this time continue to induct 793,045 in unemployment compensation, clothing, food, and so forth, a soldier re­ men into the services when it is shown $20 a week, which is $80 a month we are ceives do amount to something, but many that the volunteer system will take care paying men not to go in the service. of the unemployed veterans are in their of the Army's needs? Furthermore, we are paying out now own homes, and their lodging and their We have had discussions here about $2,000,000 a week in self-employment food and their upkeep does . not mean taking care of our obligations and com­ compensation. That is, if a man on a very much to them. They are receiving, mitments. Of course, a complete answer farm or in a little business does not earn however, $20 cash each week, or $80 a to the taking care of our obligations and $100 a month, he is entitled to self-em­ month, which is more cash than men re­ commitments is the fact that an Army ployment compensation. That amount ceive in the Army. of 1,550,000 men as of July this year and· has been growing, from $1,000,000 a Mr. SALTONSTALL. I agree with the an Army of 1,070,000 men as of July next nionth to more than $10,000,000 a month, Senator on that point. . year is the :figure :fixed by the Arniy itself and every month it is increasing. So Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. In the to take care of those commitments. No­ of course the veteran who would other­ Army there are a great many deductions, body questions that. We have not even wise go back into the Army, under ordi­ as the Senator knows, out of the $75, or delved into it. But certainly the Army nary circumstances, is being paid by the the $50, as the pay is at present. If the is going to give the top figure it needs. Government to stay out of the Army, pending amendment is adopted, of It is not going to underestimate. The paid more to stay out than he would be course, it will increase the amount, but Army has never been guilty of that. paid if he went back in. $50 is the amount of pay at present in There are a sufficient number of men Therefore I say, in view of that situa­ the Army, and $80 a month is the com­ to take care of any commitments, as is tion, in view .of the fact that 1,639,652 pensation paid to keep men out of the shown by the statements made by Army men received unemployment comp'ensa­ Army. representatives before the committee. tion in the week ending May 25, and 40,- Mr. SALTONSTALL. I agree with Mr. President, what are the commit- 000 received self-employment compensa­ what the Senator has stated. I thought, - ments? Apparently they are quite nu­ tion in the same week, it is rather sur­ however, that in order to make the state­ merous. I was interested in a state­ prising that we are getting the number ment complete the item of keep and ment made by the Senator from Florida of volunteers we are getting. other allowances should be added to [Mr. PEPPER J a couple of days ago in I presume we will have to wait until what the Senator said. which he spoke of a subcommittee's re­ the 52 weeks are up, and when that pe­ Mr. REVERCOMB. Mr. President, I port to the United Nations Council in riod is ended, perhaps many of the men desire to point out that from the begin­ which the subcommittee found that the will go back into the service. As that ning the War Department has not had government in Spain was a threat to compensation decreases, as it is bound to very great faith in the volunteer system, world peace. With all respect to that do in the months ahead, I think we have and I want to support that statement subcommittee, its report that Spain is a every right to believe that enlistments by the testimony of those who have testi­ threat to the world peace is to me absurd. Will increase, and increase very rapidly. fied before the Military Affairs Commit­ With whom is Spain going to fight? Mr. REVERCOMB. I thank the Sen­ tee upon this subject. The testimony What country is Spain going to pick on? ator very much for his observation, and shows that their belief in a volunteer If the United Nations is going into a I agree heartily with him that we can force was very weak. As I have said, country, out of some feeling against its secure the force desired by the Army they want a selective service of men in internal government, if someone who through volunteering. There is no doubt which they can pick them: has power in the United Nations does about that in my mind. Since that is On September 12, 1945, just a month not like the government in Spain or the Army we can obtain by volunteers, after the fall of Japan, it was estimated in some other country and is going to and when we already have more than by the Secretary of War that 300,000 send troops into that country, I do not 950,000 volunteers as of July 1, enough was the number of men who would vol­ want our boys to be drafted for that to fill every place abroad, under the very unteer in the Army by July 1, 1946. Ire­ purpose. I do not want to draft Ameri­ statement made by General Eisenhower fer the Senate to page 18 of the hearings can boys to march into Spain to up­ himself as to the number of soldiers he had on September 12, 1945. That is the set Spain's governmeht. I am not in­ needed abroad on July 1, 1946, why we estimate which the Secretary made. terested in that. If that is one of the should turn to the draft is beyond my Let us see what occurred. The volun­ commitments, then I am not very much comprehension. I share the views ex­ teers started coming in, and then, Mr. in favor of using the young men and .the pressed by the Senator from Georgia, President, on January 16, 1946, the esti­ blood of this country to carry out such a who said we will never get anywhere mate was made by General Paul, who commitment as that. I thought this with a half-draft and a half-volunteer is known as G-1, that is Chief of Per­ Government had had enough of that Army. Not until we suspend the draft, sonnel of the Staff of the Army, that policy when the State Department went not until we try out fully the volunteer there would be enlisted in the Army as into the elections in the Argentine and system, which has been so successful up volunteers by July 1, 1946, 650,000 men. tried to take part in them, and received to this point, can we do what is right in In September the estimate was 300,000 as sound a trouncing as any set of men maintaining fully an army upon the vol­ men, and in January the estimate was got in their lives. I thought that cer­ unteer basis. 650,000 men. Then on April 3, 1946, the tainly the Government had learned for­ Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, Secretary of War estimated that there ever and severely a lesson there. We will the Senator yield? would be 800,000 volunteers. Of course, may not like what is in the government of Mr. REVERCOMB. I yield. they had to change their opinion because some other country; we may not like, and Mr. SALTONSTALL. The distin­ the volunteers were coming in. I give guished Senator from Colorado gave fig­ these :figures to show that when they I do not like personally, what is done in ures respecting unemployment compen­ were estimating what would be the pros­ other governments when we view them sation and stated, if I heard him cor­ pect for the future they indicated little from the outside; but we would resent rectly, that at $80 a month unemploy­ faith in the volunteer system. They did very much, and certainly we should, the ment compensation was more than a pri­ not think much of it. They did not attempt on the part of any other govern­ vate's pay. Of course, those figures do think it would work. ment to interfere with our elections, or to not include keep, which I understand is Mr. President, it has worked. Not interfere with us because it thought we estimated at approximately $5 a day or only will there be 800,000 volunteer en­ did not have the right kind of govern­ thereabo·u.ts. So really we are paying listed men in the Army on July 1, 1946, ment for our people. In fairness we men in the Army more than we are pay­ plus 150,000 officers, but I say that there ought to adopt the same attitude toward ing those who are now under unemploy­ will be a considerably greater number other countries. . I do not want any such ment compensation, if the keep of a man, than 800,000 enlisted men, even with the· commitments as that upheld with the his clothes, and so forth, are included. slow-down in the draft which has been lives of American boys. Also, I do not 6324 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 5 want to draft boys to take part in a civil" thing because the fact is that every boy cause the same reasons put forward to­ war in China. in the service who was not a volunteer day for the extension of inductions-can We talk about commitments. I do not can today be brought home. . be put forward a year hence and perhaps know what they are, and I doubt if an) ln his testimony before the Committee 2 years hence. Member of the Senate knows all the com­ on Military Affairs, General Eisenhower So, Mr. President, I urge upon the mitments our Government may have himself stated that only 794,000 men Senate the serious consideration of the made; but whatever they are, so far as would be needed abroad in July 1946. substitute measure. I hope it will be the armed forces are concerned, that · According to the Army's own estimate, adopted. I appeal to the Senate to place argument is answered by the call of the we shall ha_ve a volunteer Army of 950,- our armed services upon a voluntary Army itself. In this bill we are giving 000, or 150,000 more than enough to meet basis, and to end enforced and impressed to the Army the number of men it has our commitments abroad, and we can do service when it is no longer needed. It asked for. it through the volunteer system. is no longer needed now. We are told that one of the reasons Another interesting thing in connec­ Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, for raising this Army is to guard surplus tion with the armed forces is that if we will the Senator yield for a question? property abroad. Mr. President, I do not are to have 794,000 men abroad-and The PRESIDING OFFICER New Hampshire corroborate were able to purchase only 3; out of 12,- great pending emergency in this country what I say, that in addition to the loss 000 in Omaha were able to purchase only in respect to the feed situation, partic­ in price, there is a loss because of the 135; out of 2,400 at Oklahoma City were ularly as it affects the production of waste of the offal, containing the glands able to purchase 18; out of 10,000 in meat. I have just returned from New from which the medicines referred to by Sioux City were able to purchase none; England, where the people are facing ex­ the distinguished Senator must come. 57 cattle were purchased at Cedar Rap­ treme conditions. I have been told that The shortage is becoming acute. ids; 28 cattle at Albert Lea; 156 cattle in some instances it has been as long as I have received a message from South at Los Angeles; 26 cattle at Sioux Fa.lls; 9 weeks since stores have had 1 pound Carolina informing me that there is nothing at Fargo; nothing at St. Paul; of meat for their customers. In New likely to be a wholesale break-down of nothing at Peoria; nothing at Denver. England we have meat lines. Now we also law. The people are determined to have The total buy for that day at all plants, have bread lines. I never expected to live meat, and will slaughter their own cattle 430 cattle. to see the day in America when people if necessary. When the situation This company, in the Chicago market, would be fighting for meat and for bread. reaches such a point, it is time for the with 15 active buyers on the market, was I never expected to live to see the day Congress of the United States to assert able to purchase only 7 head out of 14,000 when people would be fighting with each itself. I only hope that when the OPA cattle sold. other, tearing each other's hair in bread bill comes before us the membership of These facts are fully known to the lines. It is due to malmanagement, and the Senate will have enough courage Office of Price Administration, the Office groups of governmental departments and to take the initiative and direct the of Economic Stabilization, and the De­ organizations working exactly at cross agencies downtown to get together on a partment of Agriculture. It is obvious, if purposes with each other, and with no program which will provide meat at anything is to be done to correct this defined policy. prices which the people can afford to scandalous condition, the Congress is Mr. WHERRY. I thank the distin­ pay, and under conditions which will going to have to do it. guished Senator from New Hampshire permit us to obtain full value from the This news should be heralded around for his cont:hbution. It emphasizes that offal from the animals which are slaugh­ the whole country. All this .is due to the not only is this situation true in Ne­ tered in our great markets. pricing system. It comes about by rea­ braska and other Midwestern States, Mr. BRIDGES. Leadership must son of the rigid pricing system which has but that the problem is nation-wide. The come from somewhere. Today all the been put into effect in direct contradic­ bread lines and meat lines whibh he men­ leadership in the executive departments. tion to the testimony of all those who are tioned have also occurred in my section in Washington is a bewildered, double­ interested, all those who have the eco­ of the country, where we produce meat. dealing, confused leadership which is nomic welfare of the country at heart. The results are national in scope. failing to produce any really construe- 1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 6329 tive program which will provide either It seems to me to be a sad commentary Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, I thank bread for every-day use, or meat, but­ on our present system when those who the Senator. ter, or butter substitutes, which are so now advocate induction say that that is · Inasmuch as the Senator from Oregon badly needed by our people. When the best way to raise an Army, because it [Mr. MORSE] is also very vitally interested other leadership falls down completely, would cost less than if the Army were in this measure, I should like to say to Congress is forced to assume leadership. raised on a volunteer basis. The argu­ him that if the Senate had adopted the Mr. WHERRY. That is correct. I ment is that in the future, if wages in­ provision he introduced nearly a year thank the distinguished Senator, and I crease, the present rates of pay in the ago for an increase in pay, we probably know that he would like to have me Army will not be sufficient, and therefore would not find ourselves now in the sit­ thank the distinguished . Senator from the· only way we can assure ourselves of uation we are in. I am satisfied that if North Dakota for his contribution. an Army is through the draft. It seems we had taken that action, we would now The Senator from New Hampshire has to me that that is a sad commentary find the volunteers coming into the referred to the confused leadership. In upon the way we are discharging the service in numbers far ahead of the my judgment that expression defines the debt which we owe to those who died for schedule. It is regrettable that some present situation in which we find our­ their country, and who volunteered for of us whose opinions were different from selves. The distinguished Senator from the service in order to make it a career. those of the Senator from Oregon did New Hampshire has been a Member of Last night I was at a nearby fort. i: not support that proposal for an in­ the Senate for many years, and has pro­ wished to talk with some of the boys who crease in pay. I am convinced that we vided real leadership on this side of the reenlisted in the Army. I talked with a need a volunteer Army, and that the aisle. I wish to say to him that when top sergeant who told me that he knew way to get it is to make service in the the OPA bill comes before us it will be of 14 men who had been mustered out armed forces sufficiently attractive. time for Congress to assert its leader­ of the Army who would be only too glad Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, will the ship. I shall be glad to work alongside to reenlist if the bill providing increased Senator yield? the distinguished Senator in an effort pay for volunteers were enacted. That Mr. WHERRY. I yield. to obtain constructive relief. is the best kind of evidence, because it Mr. MORSE. I appreciate the Sen­ EXTENSION OF SELECTIVE TRAINING reflects the sentiments of the boys who ator's kind words. I wish to say that I AND SERVICE ACT OF 1940 would like to reenlist in the Army. feel we are going a long way toward set­ Mr. President, I feel that the argu­ ting up a volunteer Army. I regret that The Senate resumed consideration of ments presented by the distinguished I cannot find myself in complete agree­ the bill Soviet Union, now and a suicidal destruction of the facil­ admits his disappointment and concern ities for mass production of even peace­ I should like to answer those who say over Russia's flagrant violations of her time goods, without which not only that the pending bill is not an assurance pledged word. Germany and Austria but the whole of of universal conscription in the United Secretary Henry Wallace, another Europe are doomed to a future of un­ States. That is what the extension of world-order enthusiast, recently told the measurable suffering and degradation. the draft act really means. American Society for Russian Relief that Mr. President, I just came from the Mr. President, I am convinced that Russia cannot ride roughshod over east­ food conference that is being held by the America now stands at the cross roads of ern Europe and get a way with it. Small Business Committee, and I wish the future. Down one road lies the in­ On May 10, 1946, the Washington Post, to state that we are going to be called evitability of an atomic war. Down the one of our great internationalist news­ upon to scrape the bottom of the barrel, · second road lies the chance that such a papers, and up until very recently one not only this year and next year, but war may be averted through an all-out of the strongest defenders of Russia's ag­ for years to come, if the Morgenthau peace offensive. gression, finally admitted in an editorial plan is continued in operation upon the I am further convinced that the exten­ that: 100,000,000 people of Central Europe sion of selective service and the continua­ tion of a conscript Army by the United We are faced today with a condition, not a upon whom it is now being pressed. theory. The condition is not that Britain There is simply no chance for them to States will lead us down the first road to and Russia are preparing for war, but that make a living or to sustain themselves an atomic war. If we put this requested Russia will not make peace. What our angel under such a system. power in the hands of those who have of peace is afraid of is, bluntly, Russian ag­ Mr. Walter Lippmann has now ad­ handled such power already, and they gression. Only Russia has the might and the mitted, upon his recent return from Ger­ carry out our present war-breeding com­ posture (her armies in Europe are all poised mitments, it will take us down the road tor battle) to break the peace. many, that: No one, least of all the Russians them­ to an atomic war. These men, many of whom supported selves, believes that the political frontier The continuation of selective service, the political, secret commitments between them and the British can be sta­ and, eventually, of universal military throughout the war at Moscow, Teheran, bilized where it now is. conscription, will continue to force the Yalta, and Potsdam, and who sold the This is the reason why every statesman in Army to serve as the whipping boy of American people the philosophy of Europe has it in the back of his mind as his the policy makers within this adminis­ enforcing-at any price-the peace on ultimate controlling assumption that he tration who, up to this point, have been must act as if there were going to be a war unwilling or unable to use any other which the United Nation's Organization between Britain and Russia, which will in­ is based-and I voted for it-are now volve all the other nations. method than force for the restoration of confronted with the staggering prospect peace. of enforcing the peace, against Russia. On May 21, Gen. Joseph T. McNarney, Mr. President, the Army does not This means that the fear of Russia is American military governor of the establish our foreign policy. I heard the primary reason for the extension of American zone in Germany, according · General Eisenhower, for whom I have the selective service now being demanded by to the New York Herald Tribune- greatest respect, testify that the Army is the present administration. Painted the gloomiest picture of Ger­ told what lands must be occupied, what More than one Senator has said on the many's future since the occupation began the policies are, and then the Army is :floor of the Senate, "We want this for a year ago • • • The gravest note struck fitted . into the pattern. Our foreign insurance." It is to be insurance at his press conference was the admission policy is made in the State Department. against what, Mr. President? Cer­ that instead of economically united Ger­ When an order is given to occupy certain tainly the Army that General Eisen­ many, as called for at Potsdam. The coun­ territories the head of the Army knows hower is asking for will number only try may solidify permanently into separate the number and kind of Army personnel 1,500,000 men, and we are going to get zones. which will be required to occupy the ter­ it the volunteer way if the volunteer On May 31, 1946, General Marshall ritories, and upon that basis he estimates system is given a chance. delivered a grim Memorial Day speech the military requirements. At this mo­ A second reason for the demand for in Nanking, China. ment the Army is being used as a whip­ ·extension of selective service lies in the The speech he made on that occasion ping boy for policy-making circles in this nature of the war-breeding secret has been described as follows: Government. commitments this administration seeks His mission to halt the development of Is it not significant that the policy to enforce. These political commit­ one of the most tragic situations in history makers of this administration have not ments have torn the world in two, and and terminate civil strife among a· people yet made any attempt formally to end have left Russia in control of conquests who already endured 8 years of war, is being this war, or to repudiate the war-breed­ that outrank the greatest conquests in retarded by suspicion, hate, and bitterness. ing commitments which are breeding history. I saw it with my own eyes. The general went on to warn that China was even greater confusion, conflict, and suf­ The old balance of power is gone. Any "trembling on the verge of an even greater fering with every hour that passes, or to hope of restoring or reviving it, on the calamity than World War ll." champion the return to sane, peacetime basis of our present policies, is sheer On May 22, 1946, Mr. Sumner Welles, processes such as the universal abolition illusion. We have left Russia, as I have after having warned the American peo- of conscription, and progressive multi- 1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 6331 lateral disarmament? The policy makers CHARLES CLASON, on April 13 told the Mr. WHERRY. I thank the dis­ have not yet begun to direct our re­ House of Representatives: tinguished Senator from North Dakota. sources into the staggering task of re­ As for the number that enlisted in March, I very much appreciate his remarks. building a shattered world on the basis there were 73,499, and there has not been any In the second place, the extension of of peacetime reconstruction. Instead, lessening in the number of persons who were all the wartime powers implicit in the Mr. President, this administration is ex­ trying to enlist. In other words, just as Selective Service Act seems destined to erting such pressure on the War Depart­ many are_ going to the recruiting stations, be used as a substitute for real peace prin­ but the Army has raised the standards from ment as to cause a complete state of 59 to 70. I am told that before the Army ciples and actions, without which war is confusion in Congress and in the minds raised the standards only one out of seven rapidly becoming inevitable. of the American people, even concerning persons was rejected; now three out of seven As an excuse for a failure to change the necessity of the extension of selective persons are rejected. That accounts for the our present suicidal policy, the extension service in order to meet our military apparent falling off in enlistments. of these war powers into every adminis­ requirements of 1,500,000 men by July 1, And when the Senator from Tennessee trative office through every area of our 1946, and 1,070,000 men by July 1, 1947. [Mr. STEWART], in the Senate hearings­ economy, and into every home in the For example, the Army, in attempting page 257-asked whether the higher test land, will continue the blundering evasion to carry out this administration policy, was applied to draftees as well as volun­ of the real issues we confront, and bring has stated that the voluntary enlistments teers, General Paul stated that it had not to a head the conflict now brewing are caused entirely, or almost entirely, been applied to drafted men. In other through a sheer refusal to take a stand by the draft. On March 28 General Her­ words, the same tests had not been ap­ one way or the other. shey told the Senate Military Affairs plied to drafted men which were applied It will affect our country. All these Commitee: to those who wished to enlist in the Army. commitments will affect us. If it is the Inasmuch as the enlistments from civilian General Paul did not add that during draft, it means taking the boys of life are almost entirely made either from April the selective service standards had America. If it is a commitment to the persons who are liable or who are about to British loan, it means that we are going become liable for military service under the been lowered in order to take men pre­ to make a political gift to England, and provisions of the Selective Service Act, I am viously deferred as IV-F. political loans to other countries, which of the opinion that termination of the act Moreover, the Senator from Utah [Mr. will mean an impact upon our economy, will seriously affect the recruiting program. THOMAS], in commenting on the declin­ ing volunteer rate, said to Generals Eis­ because the taxpayers will have to pay That, Mr. President, is the kind of enhower and Paul-page 259 of Senate the loan. It is not an economic loan, it propaganda that has been spread. But, hearings: is a gift, and it will have a tremendous according to the New York Times of effect on our economy. Comparative statistics are no good if you March 14, 1946, Maj. Gen. Edward F. change any of the rules in regard to the sta­ Take any of these commitments. Take Witsell, Adjutant General of the United tistics. • • • If, for instance, the number the commitment as to food we are mak· States Army, reveals that: is changed something like 10 percent, then ing today. It is significant to recall that Analysis of the figures shows that most of it is improper to come and say there is a as we make these commitments, and the men · are veterans. Of those enlisted, falling off. We know that 10 percent falling scrape the bottom of the barrel, it is hav­ 67.07 percent served in the Army of the off has come about as a result of your own ing a tremendous effect on the economy United States during the war; 14.23 percent action. · of the United States. had served in the Regular Army before the One has only to recall how during the war; and 18.7 percent are young men, ~ostly Furthermore, as of April 30, 1946, the 17- and 18-year-olds. (New York Times, volunteer enlistments totaled 736,590. war the demand was insistently made March 14, 1946.) With 1 month yet to go, the enlistments that this power and control over life and are ahead of schedule, since the War De­ death of the American people extended In other words, not more than about partment expected only 800,000 by July 1, to a demand for compulsory labor bills, 18 percent are enlisting to avoid the 1946. If pay increases such as have al­ for the extension of the draft to include draft. And if the Army's statement is ready passed the House are granted to nurses, and women, and all the able­ correct, how does the Army explain away soldiers, an even higher volunteer rate bodied men 'in this country. I am not the fact that about 53 percent of all those is expected. willing to give these forces a new lease of who enlist volunteer for a 3-year period? That is the guaranty, the best guar­ life in America in time of peace. If they were enlisting to ezcape the draft anty there is, that we will have an Army I shall oppose the committee's pro­ or to limit their period of service, they of volunteers who want to make a career, posal, but shall support, as a cosponsor, would have volunteered either for a who will make the kind of an Army the to the very best of my ability, the Rever­ 1-year or 18-month term. I invite the military can use to the best advantage, in comb amendment, which I think pro­ attention of the Members of the Senate place of a group of inductees, many of vides the solution to the present military to that fact. Of all those who enlist, 53 whom are inducted as young teen-agers, ·needs, which I am perfectly willing to percent do not enlist for 18 months or a who, in my opinion, should continue at supply through the volunteer system. shorter period; they enlist for 3 years. school, and if they want to make the Furthermore, on the basis of our pres­ If we give an increase in pay to those Army a career, they should go into it as ent international policy, the extension of men we will not have trouble in develop­ volunteers, which is the traditional these war powers in the hands of this ing a volunteer Army for the United American way. administration would be the last step States. Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, will the necessary to set in motion the forces A second example of this kind of con­ Senator yield? which would destroy our way of life from tradiction is contained in the following Mr. WHERRY. I yield to the Senator within. analysis of the War Department's claims from North Dakota. We have already surrendered congres­ concerning the rate of volunteer enlist­ Mr. LANGER. I wish to compliment sional power to declare war. We now ments. The War Department has stated the Senator on making one of the greatest have nothing to say about declaring war. that its volunteer rate is declining and speeches I have heard on the Senate floor We have given authority in advance to that it therefore needs a draft. Secre­ during the 5% years I have been a Mem­ the President. tary of War Patterson, in the Senate ber of the Senate. ·we have also surrendered the greater Military Affairs Committee hearings (p. Let me say to the Senator that there part of our treaty-making power. I 130), spoke of the declining recruiting is no drafting in Mexico, there is no draft­ suggest to Senators that they read the figures. In the House hearings Secretary ing in any country of South America, minority report by the distinguished Patterson, on March 21, said: there is no drafting anywhere on earth minority leader, the Senator from Maine According to our best estimates we should so far as I can ascertain, except in Eng­ [Mr. WHITE], which he has already filed, get an average of 30,000 volunteer enlist­ land and the United States, and possibly having to do with the St. Lawrence ments per month for the last 6 months of in Russia. There is not even drafting in waterway. Read that report, because 1946 and 20,000 volunteer enlistments per Canada. I certainly compliment the to a great extent it shows that we have month for 1947 if the Selective Service Act Senator for bringing so forcefully to the surrendered the treaty-making powers of is not continued. attention of the American people that we the Congress, and now are depending But a member of the Military Affairs are departing from the American way of upon executive agreements to control the Committee of the House, Representative life if we pass the bill. economy and the lives of the American 6332 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 5 people. I am not willing to extend, es­ tive, and infinitely to be preferred, over Mr. REVERCOMB. And certainly pecially in peacetime, powers which af­ an army of conscripted men. those who enliSt for 1 year, being already fect the very freedom of our American Maj. Gen. J. F. C. Fuller, one of Eng­ in the Army and not affected by the life, which I came to the Senate to sup­ land's outstanding military experts, now draft, would not enlist because of the port and to defend. tells us that the time has come when draft. We have already surrendered the "nations may now wage a war of maxi­ Mr. WHERRY. That is correct. power of Congress to negotiate reciprocal mum annihilation against each other Mr. REVERCOMB. I thank the Sen­ trade agreements. without moving a man or a machine." ator. We are already heading into an era of As another British military analyst, Mr. WHERRY. I thank the distin­ governmental international pump-prim­ Capt. B. H. Liddell Hart, has said con­ guished Senator from West Virginia. ing finance. cerning the need to abolish the principle Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, We are over our heads in food commit­ of conscription in the future military es­ will the Senator yield for a question? ments, which can never be met, unless tablishments of the world: Mr. WHERRY. I am happy to yield. we follow Under Secretary Acheson's ad­ Why don't we )earn from his1;ory? Mr. VANDENBERG. The Senator's vice to go take our foed supplies at their Twenty-five years spent in the study of remarks pose a question which is an im­ sow·ce. We have already taken 25 per­ war, a study which gradually went beyond ponderable factor to me in this situation. cent of the 1946 wheat crop under that its current technique to its well-springs, He has said that he is willing that the theory of "go take." changed my earlier and conventional belief Army and Navy be given the maximum in the value of conscription. It brought me force they say they require for national I am unwilling to sanction an exten­ to see that the compulsory principle was sion of the present war powers implicit in fundamentally inefficient, and the conscrip­ security. the Selective Service Act which would tive method out of date-a method that Mr. WHERRY. That is correct. permit the savage external commitments clung, like the ivy, to quantitative stand­ Mr. VANDENBERG. Suppose it is not we have already made to transform our ards in an age when the trend of warfare obtained by voluntary methods. What American way of life into a totalitarian was becoming increasingly qualitative. For would the Senator do? society from within. I am not ready to it sustained the fetish of mere numbers at Mr. WHERRY. It is obtainable by a time when skill and enthusiasm were be­ voluntary methods, as was demonstrated go that far. coming ever more necessary for the effective Certainly the advocates of the exten­ handling of the new weapons. by the invincible argument presented by sion of selective service cannot defend Conscription does not fit the conditions of the distinguished Senator from West the thesis that an Army of 1,070,000 men modern warfare--its specialized technical Virginia. We have raised, or will raise; by July 1, 1947, will back up American equipment, mobile operations, and fluid situ­ 1,500,000 .. That has been done without diplomats or American foreign policy in­ ations. Success increasingly depends on in­ any increase in pay. I am of the opinion dividual initiative, which in turn springs that we can continue to raise an army sofar as Russia is concerned. History ;from a sense of personal responsibility­ already reveals that when our military these senses are atrophied by compulsion. by means of volunteers, and when a strength was greatest American states­ Moreover, every unwilling man is a germ crisis comes men will volunteer to de­ men agreed to some of the greatest polit­ carrier, spreading infection to an extent alto­ fend the country. ical betrayals in history. gether disproportionate to the value of the Mr. VANDENBERG. That is not the Even for the purposes of occupation service he is forced to contribute. question. of ex-enemy countries or for policing the One of our own recently retired mili­ Mr. WHERRY. The question the world the peacetime draftees which tary men, Brig. Gen. H. C. Holdridge has Senator is asking me is what we would would be made available to the American recently stated that: do if we do not raise the number of men needed by the voluntary system. I have Army through the extension of se­ The rigidity of the Army thinking on the lective service are admittedly a greater problem of national security is as dangerous been contending for 20 minutes that the liability than asset. as the Maginot Line complex was to France. assurance of a sufficiently large army On May 5, 1946, even Brig. Gen. Julius If we adopt its policy of basing national lies in proper pay for the men who enlist Ocha Adler, vice president and general security on mass armies, we will pay stu­ in the Army. The figures which the dis­ manager of the New York Times, wrote pendous sums to maintain obsolete forces, tinguished Senator from West Virginia for the Times over his signature: and will be purchasing a delusion of national has already submitted indicate that we security instead of real security. are to have 1,500,000. men in the Army by Another fairly obvious mistake was appar­ ent in shipping to the United States zones These references present another rea­ July 1, 1946, if we do not already have of occupation the newest, rawest, and young­ son why we should be apprehensive about them, which General Eisenhower stated est soldiers taken in the latter draft. the draft. We should not use obsolete is the required number. If we need more "They are comparative babies," General methods in our preparation for military we will obtain them through increase of Adler said. "The few remaining combat vet­ security. Perhaps we should give greater pay. erans who are still in the occupied areas­ Mr. VANDENBERG. If I may go back the soldiers whose ages range from, say 24 to attention to research. I voted for the 26 or 27 years, stated this quite bluntly. research bill, I voted for the atomic to my question-- They pointed out that the new drafts from energy bill. I believe we should pursue Mr. WHERRY. I yield. the United States were too young to make vigorously a progressive military system Mr. VANDENBERG. I hope the Sen­ a. good impression on our enemies. Natlves to defend this country, and to guard the ator from West Virginia and the Senator display, more or less openly, their contempt peace. from Nebraska are totally correct. I in­ for the teen-agers who have replaced the Mr. REVERCOMB. Mr. President, will finitely prefer a volunteer army. I think combat-hardened men." the Senator from Nebraska yield? it is the only kind of army in peacetime I do not want the position I have taken Mr. WHERRY. I am glad to yield. which comports with the American tra­ in any way interpreted as meaning that Mr. REVERCOMB. I was called from dition. I agree with the Senator from I do not recognize the seriousness of the the floor and was unable to hear all the Nebraska that we must provide what the crisis before us, or that I am maintaining able Senator's address. But the point Army and the Navy specify as being es­ we do not need an army to deal with has been made in the discussion that sential. I again ask: What happens if that crisis. I do recognize it, and I have unless inductions are continued, an Army the Senator from Nebraska and if the tried to point out in clear terms what the of volunteers cannot be raised. Has the Senator from West Virginia are wrong issue in this country is. I believe we do Senator dwelt upon the fact that 53 per­ and the volunteer system does not pro­ need an army, that we need to remain cent of the 770,000 men who have already duce it? strong to defend ourselves and our vital enlisted have enlisted for 3 years? Mr. REVERCOMB. Mr. President, interests. I shall be glad on the floor of Mr. WHERRY. Yes. will the Senator yield to me? the Senate to support such an army, and Mr. REVERCOMB. And also that a Mr. WHERRY. I yield. I shall support it in the Committee on large proportion of them have enlisted Mr. REVERCOMB. The figures were Appropriations, where the support really for 1 year? given to the Senate, and I regret that the counts. I am in favor of giving the mili­ Mr. WHERRY. Yes. able Senator from Michigan was not tary any sized army it needs to do the Mr. REVERCOMB. It is certain that present earlier today when they were job it has to do. But I am taking the men who enlist for 3 years do not enlist given. I took the fi;5ures from the testi­ position that, for this purpose, a volun­ because of the draft. Is not that so? mony of General Eisenhower when he teer army is going to be far more effec- Mr. WHERRY. That is correct. , appeared before the Committee on Mili- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD.-SENATE 6333 tary Affairs, in the hearings held on Jan­ will not be a man drafted if· the volun­ Mr. VANDENBERG. I do not know. uary 16, 17, and 18, 1946. The first fig­ teers fill the quotas. Is that not correct? Mr. WHERRY. Why not give the ure, I would point out to the Senator Mr. WHERRY. That is correct. Army a chance to recruit volunteers un­ from Michigan, has to do with the over­ Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, der this bill, and then if an emergency seas employment of the Army. The if the volunteers do not fill the quota, arises and we need more men we can Chief of Staff wants for July 1, 1946, for in spite of the arithmetic of the Senator immediately, under the national emer­ overseas service to meet all the require­ from West. Virginia, I ask the Senator gency, induct all the men we want into ments, all the needs abroad, 794,000 men. from Nebraska, since he agrees with me the Army. I will say to the Senator that That, as I see it, embraces both officers that the Army must have its quota, where if an emergency arises we will not have and men. On July 1, 1946-and this is does the Army get the men? to have selective service. Millions of men the Army's own estimate and figure­ Mr. WHERRY. My answer is that we will want to volunteer. The difference is there will be 800,000 volunteer enlisted can get them by recruiting under a vol­ that the volunteer system is the tradi­ men and 150,000 officers, a total of 950,- unteer system. tional American system, and the induc­ 000. In other words, every position Mr. VANDENBERG. But suppose that tion system, as the Senator from Mich­ abroad, every call by the Army-and the system does not produce them? · igan may have heard me say previously, Army never underestimates-can be filled Mr. WHERRY. I am not going to departs from the American way. · I think with volunteers. suppose that because we have not given it leads to ultimate conscription in this In addition to that it is desired that volunteer recruiting a fair chance. country, and I am opposed to it. seven -hundred -some-odd-thousand men Mr. VANDENBERG. I want to give it Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, be in this country. Therefore, I have a fair chance. will the Senator again yield? said, I remind the able Senator from Mr. WHERRY. Then why does the Mr. WHERRY. Yes; I will be glad to Michigan, that by July 1, if we would send military raise the points for reenlistment yield. the volunteers abroad, every place abroad from 59 to 70 and at the same time re­ Mr. VANDENBERG. I should like to could be filled with the volunteers, and duce the points for the drafted men so come back to my question. every man who is abroad under drafted low that it even takes in IV-F's? Mr. WHERRY. I have not answered service could be returned to this coun­ Mr. VANDENBERG. I would not have it, apparently. try for service here. the remotest idea why the military does Mr. VANDENBERG. I agree with But let us go to another figure. Ac­ that. I would not support this bill until everything the Senator with such ve­ cording to the Army's own figures there it textually asserted that there would be hement eloquence aays about the volun­ will be 950,000 officers and men and no drafting except when there is a failure teer system. I want the volunteer system volunteers in the service on July 1, 1946. of the volunteer system. to be our exclusive reliance so long as it That figure includes 800,000 enlisted men Mr. WHERRY. Let us turn it around, produces the net result. The Senator and 150,000 officers. I may say to the Mr. President. Would the Senator sup­ and I agree, as I understand-- able Senator from Michigan that that port the bill on the theory that we can Mr. WHERRY. I think so. figure with respect to enlisted men is in obtain enough volunteers, but if the na­ Mr. VANDENBERG. That the Army my o·pinion low, in view of the rate at tional security requires the arafting of must have whatever the minimum essen­ which recruits are being enlisted today, men, put the draft again into operation? tial figure is. and with respect to officers, we are ad­ What is the difference? Mr. WHERRY. Yes. vised on the floor that the figure today Mr. VAN-DENBERG. The difference is Mr. VANDENBERG. My statement is is closer to 250,000 than it is to 150,000. that we would then have to wait for legis­ that I want no draft made of a single In addition to the 950,000, taking the lation to catch up with the deficit. man unless there is a deficit as a result Army's own figure, there will be 50,000 Mr. WHERRY. If there is a national of the volunteering syst~m. That cer­ Philippine Scouts. That is the Army's emergency we will not have to wait 3 tainly is not deserting the volunteer sys. figure. There is no reason why it can­ minutes. tem. I have voted for maximum pay not have more, but that is the Army's Mr. VANDENBERG. If there is ana­ increases in order to make volunteering figure. So that represents a total of tional emergency why not anticipate it? as attractive as possible. I want to give 1,000,000 men. Mr. WHERRY. If there is a national the volunteer system a maximum chance. There have ·been inducted into the emergency more than 1,500,000 men will But I am unable to follow the Senator armed services since the 1st of January be needed. Reversing the figures, I will as to what his answer is to my question 1945, 927,874 men who, if still in the say that I think that is a proper way to if, after all these inducements have been service would have been in the serv­ proceed. The Senator is not willing to put to work, if in those circumstances, ice 18 months. If we may take half give the recruiting of volunteers for the despite the expectations of the Senator of that figure in order to take care of Army a chance. from Nebraska and the Senator from casualties and reenlistments-and I Mr. VANDENBERG. Who does the West Virginia, there is still a deficit. I think that is certainly a very broad con­ Senator mean? The Senator is not talk­ do not see how the deficit can be filled cession-we would have in the service ing about the Senator from Michigan. except by a final supplemental draft today 456,598 men who have not served Mr. WHERRY. I think I am, if I un­ from month to month to fill the quota. over 18 months. That makes a grand derstand the Senator's remarks correctly. Mr. · RE~ERCOMB. Mr. President, total of 1,456,598, which I say would be The Senator wants to proceed and put will the Senator yield? the minimum on July 1, with not more the draft into effect. Mr. WHERRY. I yield. than 18 months of service, and volun­ Mr. VANDENJ3ERG. When? Mr. REVERCOMB. Since the able teers. Mr. WHERRY. Immediately. Senator from Michigan has involved the The Army is asking for only 1,550,000. Mr. VANDENBERG. When the volun­ Senator from West Virginia in his in­ There is a small difference there-in fact, teer system fails to produce the troops quiry I should like to-- I would say there is no difference-but, that the Senator from Nebraska says he Mr. VANDENBERG. I am sorry; the even taking that figure, why extend the is willing for the Army to have. Senator from West Virginia involved induction for a year when we are obtain­ Mr. WHERRY. And that is immedi:. himself in the inquiry of the Senator ing volunteers at the rate even of the last ately. from Michigan. figure we have of more than 40,000 a Mr. VANDENBERG. Does the Sena­ Mr. REVERCOMB. I involved myself month? I may say, further, that we are tor mean the volunteer system has al­ quite at length a while ago; but in the reducing the Army from July 1 on, and ready broken down? last question I think there was reference not increasing its numbers, at the request Mr. WHERRY. No; the draft system to the Senator from West Virginia, and of the War Department. would proceed immediately under the I appreciate the opportuntity to answer. Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, Sanator's theory. As I see it, the answer to the able Sen­ will the Senator yield? Mr. VANDENBERG. Only if the vol­ ator's question is that, first, the facts, as Mr. WHERRY. I yield. unteer system fails. I tried to place them before the Senate Mr. VANDENBERG. I thank the Sen­ Mr. WHERRY. And the volunteer today, assure us that there will be a ator from West Virginia for his encour­ system will only fail if we cannot get volunteer Army. The Senator asks the aging arithmetic, but I come back to my enough men thr-ough volunteering. Why question, Suppose there is not? If the question. As I understand this bill, there not obtain a volunteer Army? amendment fails to work, the Congress lf334 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 'JuNE 5 can immediately start inductions again. of the Army for a national emergency the able Senator has before him a bill, All the machinery is established, and the than I can think of a filibuster in time S. 1847, which is now on the calendar personnel will be maintained. of a declaration of war. This Congress of the Senate, and which reads as fol­ Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, will acted in a matter of hours on the ques­ lows: the Senator yield? tion of a declaration of war. Be it €nacted, etc., That the act of May 19, Mr. REVERCOMB. In a moment. Mr. HAWKES. A matter of minutes. 1926 (44 Stat. pt. 2, p. 565), as amended by It comes down to this: Shall we leave Mr. REVERCOMB. I am told that it the act of May 14, 1935 (49 Stat. 218), be, it up to the Army to decide whether or acted in a matter of minutes. I cannot and hereby is, amended to read as follows: not it wishes to continue inductions in conceive of any such delay. So far as I "DETAIL OF OFFICERS AND MEN TO ASSIST FOREIGN its own way, or shall Congress decide the know, in such crises there has been no GOVERNMENTS policy as to _who shall be inducted? Let delay, and none can be supposed. "The President of the United States is me point out to the able Senator-and I Mr. WHERRY. Mr. Preside'nt, con­ authorized, upon application from foreign say it with all respect-that the Army tinuing my remarks, I wish to say in governments, and whenever in his discretion wants selective service. The Army likes further answer to the distinguished Sen­ the public interest renders such a course ad­ visable, to detail officers and enlisted men of to select the men. The Army wants to ator from Michigan that it is my humble the United States Army, Navy, and Marine go through the country and pick out the opinion, for whatever it may be worth, Corps, to assist such foreign governments: very best men. I do not blame the Army that so long as men can be inducted, Provided, That the officers and enlisted men leaders. They want the highest class recruiting of volunteers will be at a dis­ so detailed are authorized to accept from Army. They are proud of their corps, advantage. In my judgment, with the the government to which detailed offices and and naturally so. But is the Congress to increased pay, the Army will have no such compensation and emoluments there­ leave in their hands the making of the difficulty in recruiting its forces up to unto appertaining al> may be first approved rules as to who shall be inducted? a size of 1,500,000. If suppositions are by the Secretary of War, or by the Secretary to be indulged in, if we should be unable of the Navy, as the case may be: Provided I have doubted very much that the further, That such compensation may be ac­ Army has gone all-out to get volunteers. to obtain them through the volunteer cepted by the United States Government for I doubt it particularly in the light of the system-and I think we shall-if an remittance to the individual if in the opinion order issued on March 8, 1946. PreviouS' emergency should arise there would be of the Secretary of War, or of 'the Secretary of to that time, men had been taken into no dimculty about putting the selective­ the Navy, as the case may be, such a couro: e the Army on the basis of a passing grade service machinery back into operation, appears desirable: Provided further, That of 59-not only men. for a peacetime so as to obtain all the men necessary while so detailed such officers and enlisted army, since the fall of Japan, but the for any emergency. I am making a plea men shall receive in addition to the compen­ sation and emoluments allowed them by such men who fought the war, and the men not to place extensive powers in the governments, the pay and allowances where­ who constituted the Army before we got hands of those who favor induction. If to entitled in the United States Army, Navy, into the war. Suddenly, on March 8, the the selective service is continued, we may and Marine Corps, and shall be allowed the passing grade was raised from 59 to 70. continue to make· commitments to en­ same credit for longevity, retirement, and That prevented many volunteers from force peace throughout the world which for all other purposes that they would re­ coming in, because they fell below the we otherwise might not make if we ceive if they were serving with the forces of passing grade. I have been assured of depended upon a volunteer Army. the United States: And provided further, that in one instance by a sergeant who That in addition to or in the absence of such I hope that when this amendment compensation from such governments, the is engaged in the work of obtaining vol­ reaches a final vote it will be i terpreted officers and enlisted men so detailed shall re­ unteers. in that light. It is my opinion that in ceive such additional compensation as may In the light of those facts, are we, who granting this power we are departing be determined by the Secretary of War, or make the policies, going to establish poli­ from our traditional American way of the Secretary of the Navy, as the case may be, cies which will make possible the rais­ life. We are placing in the hands of and approved by the President." ing of a volunteer army, or shall we individuals a new power which they will The present law reads as follows: leave it in the hands of those who would use if they know that inductions can be 540. Detail of officers and men to assist rather select the highest grades and make continued. I risk the prediction that foreign governments: The President of the their own policies, and naturally ·cut not only will the power be exercised to United States is authorized, upon application down the number of volunteers for the draft men to make an army of 1,500,000 from the foreign governments concerned, Army? That is the whole question. this year; but next year and the year and whenever in his discretion the public Which is the wiser course? following there will be a demand for ex­ interests render such a course advisable, to Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, will tension of the selective service. So I detail officers and enlisted men of the United the Senator yield? say the time has come, if we are in an States Army to assist the governments of Mr. WHERRY. I should like to con­ era of peace, to go to a voluntary system. the Republics of North America, Central America, and South America and of the clude my remarks, but I yield to the Sen­ As to the number of men required, I Republics of Cuba, Haiti, Santo Domingo, ator from California. believe that we should leave it to the and the Commonwealth of the Philippine Mr. KNOWLAND. I should like to ask judgment of the military to decide what Islands and, during war or a declared na­ my distinguished and able colleague from numbers are needed to carry out certain tional emergency, the governments of such West Virginia if it is not true that under commitments and certain. recommenda­ other countries as the President deems it in the terms of his amendment a joint reso­ tions from the State Department. I am the interest of national defense to assist, in lution by Congress would be required to perfectly willing to go along to that military matters: Provided, That the officers put the selective-service features back extent. and enlisted men so detailed are authorized into operation? to accept from the government to which de­ But I wish to tell the distinguished tailed offices ahd such compensation and Mr. REVERCOMB. That is true. It Senator from Michigan and other Sen­ emoluments thereunto appertaining as may would require either a joint resolution ators that I feel that extending the draft be first approved by the Secretary of War: or a bill. is an entirely different procedure. It is Provided further, That while so detailed Mr. KNOWLAND. In the relatively different from anything we have ever such officers and enlisted men shall receive, short time I have been a Member of the done before. I think it would be the in addition to the compensation and emolu­ Senate it has been my observation that spearhead for conscription and for ments allowed them by · such governments, legislation does not pass immediately, as added power which might be used. The the pay and allowances whereto entitled in suggested by my able colleagues from system of a volunteer army is a system the United States Army and shall be al­ West Virginia and Nebraska. How is the which we have had traditionally in this lowed the same credit for longevity, retire­ Senator to guard against a situation in country since its birth. ment, and for all other purposes that they which a filibuster might be conducted would receive if they were serving with the Mr. REVERCOMB. Mr. President, forces of the United States. (As amended against the passage of a joint resolution will the Senator yield? Oct. 1, 1942, ch. 571, 56 Stat. 763.) to put the selective service back into op­ Mr. WHERRY. I yield. eration? Mr. REVERCOMB. l"he Senator has I doubt the wisdom of extending the Mr. REVERCOMB. I can no more expressed-and I think very wisely so­ draft to permit such a thing to be done. think of a filibuster being conducted some apprehension as to the implications Mr. WHERRY. I thank the distin­ against a proposal to increase the size involved in this proposal. I wonder if guished Senator. 1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 6335 Mr. WILSON. Mr. PTesident, will the do the job which the Army requires to service of the American Army, on either Senator yield?· be done. We could go through the coun­ a military or a civilian basis. Secretary Mr. WHERRY. I yield. try and obtain a great many men who Patterson has refused even to seriously Mr. WILSON. In addition to what the have been deferred, who are physically consider the suggestion. At this point I Senator from West Virginia has called unfit-men with ruptures and other should like to read the letter I sent to attention to, I invite attention to the physical disabilities. The Army cannot the Secretary of War and his reply: following language from the committee use many of those men. General Eisen­ APRIL 2, 1946. report on Senate bill 1847: hower does not want those men, and he Hon. ROBERT P. PATTERSON, 2. The words "to assist other countries in ought not to be required to take them. Secretary of War, military matters" contained in the present Mr. REVERCOMB. Let me say to the Washington, D. c. law, if construed literally and exactly, would able Senator that I am not speaking of DEAR MR. SECRETARY: My attention has been withhold from the Chief Executive the au­ drawn to news items which indicate that thority to send military missions to foreign men with ruptures, or men who are Great Britain intends to disband the Polish countries for purposes other than direct mil­ physically unfit. I am speaking of Army, Navy, and Air Force units under her itary assistance, such as, for example, the physically fit men, who are now required control and urge their members to return to supervision of elections or the organization to pass the test with a mark of 70. In Poland. of waterways. A similar wording of section time of war they were required to at­ This seems to me to be our opportunity to 441 (a) of title 34 leads to the same possible tain a mark of only 59. In other words, secure the services of many thousands of restriction in regard to naval missions. the Army is saying to the young men of well-trained Polish troops to replace our own this country, "You were fully qualified to . boys who have been discharged. Certainly That statement is from a memoran­ we could hardly find better troops anywhere. dum submitted by the Secretary of State. ·face the Nation's battles in time of war. These Polish units proved their value in the Are we going to draft our boys to do We passed you as mentally qualified then. Battle of Britain, in Africa, at Cassino, in those things? If we supervise elections, But in time of peace you must pass a the campaigns in Germany, and in many I ask the Senator from Nebraska what higher test of qualifications." I am not other places. I do not know where else we are we going to do if a controversy exists speaking of the physically unfit. They could more quickly obtain 200,000 crack after we have supervised an election? do not enter into the question. I am troops. Of course, those who desire to return to Mr. WHERRY. It will be up to us to speaking of the mental test. That is the enforce our will. qualification upon the volunteer system their homeland shquld be given every assist­ that will break it down. ance. But probably many who will be afraid Mr. WILSON. That would not be ac­ to trust the safe-conduct guaranties of the tion by Congress. The President might Mr. BUTLER. Mr. President-- present-day quisling regime in Poland, will involve us in a war. Mr. HILL. Mr. President, inasmuch refuse to return to Poland. The least we owe Mr. WHERRY. I thank the distin- as the Senator from Nebraska has but a them is a reasonable alternative, in the form guished Sen a tor from Iowa. limited amount of time at his disposal, I of a chance to serve us, particularly when Mr. President, I yield the :floor. shall not interrupt him. we need trained troops so badly at the present Mr. BUTLER. Mr. President, in con­ time. Mr. BUTLER obtained the :floor. I realize my suggestion involves some Mr. HILL. Mr. President, will the nection with what I shall have to say questions of foreign policy. I am, therefore, Senator yield to me? with reference to the bill now under sending a copy to Secretary of State Byrnes, Mr. BUTLER. I must attend a com­ consideration, I wish it distinctly under­ with a request for his comment. mittee meeting, and I am compelled to stood that I am definitely in favor of sup­ Yours very truly, leave the Chamber very shortly. porting an Army, a Navy, an Air Force, HUGH BUTLER, Mr. HILL. .I understood the distin­ and all other armed services of sufficient United States .Senator. guished Senator from West Virginia to size to fulfill all the requirements and ob­ Mr. Patterson answered as follows, un­ state that the War Department favored ligations of the United States. I believe der date of April 8, 1946: the induction of men into the Army, that the few points which I shall make DEAR SENATOR BUTLER: This is in reply to rather than obtaining them by the vol­ will answer the questions which have your letter of April 2, offering the suggestion unteer system. I rise to challenge that been passing back and forth between that members of the Polish armed forces statement. I should like to read to the various Senators in the past few minutes. in various countries be permitted to enlist Senate the testimony of General Eisen­ Mr. President, in the debate on the in the United States Army. hower, who I suppose would be the best proposed extension of the Selective I appreciate your thoughfulness in bring­ spokesman for the Army. If the Sena­ Service Act, most of the controversy ing this suggestion to our attention. The seems to center around the question of War Department has, however, consistently tor from Nebraska is in a hurry to go to disapproved the requests of aliens to enlist a committee meeting, I will read this how we are to secure about 200,000 ad­ in the Regular Army and such enlistment is testimony later. However; I did not want ditional troops, over and above those al­ expressly prohibited in Army Regulations. any Senator who heard the statement of ready in sight. It is obvious that volun­ Even though many appealing cases of this the Senator from West Virginia to leave teers will fill almost all, if not all, of our nature have been brought to our attention, the Chamber before I had an opportu­ needs. The extension of the Selective we have not made exceptions to this prohi­ nity to challenge the statement, if I cor­ Service Act is being considered only be­ bition. Such exceptions are believed to be rectly understood what the Senator from cause we shall need a comparatively small inadvisable at this time and also contrary to number of .additional troops. The the intent of the amendment of the Na­ West Virginia said. tionality Act of 1940, contained in the Sec­ Mr. REVERCOMB. Mr. President, amendment I propose will meet this need. ond War Powers Act, to use enlistment in the will the Senator yield? The British Government has recently Army as a means of authorizing entry into Mr. BUTLER. I yield. announced that it plans to disband the the United States for the purpose of becom­ Mr. REVERCOMB. My statement was Polish Army units that have been serving ing a citizen. that regardless of the position taken by under British command since early in the As the above policies have received careful study, it is regretted that the suggestions the War Department, the actions of the war. These units, composed of about ·, 200,000 men, under command of the cannot be approved. War Department indicated that it wanted Sincerely yours, selective service. I do not doubt for a Polish General Anders, played a heroic ROBERT P. PATTERSON, moment the statement of General Eisen­ part for the cause of freedom in Tripoli, Secretary of War. hower that he prefers a volunteer army at Cassino, in the campaigns in France to a drafted army. However, the action and Germany, and elsewhere. They are To make the RECORD complete, I should of the Army in raising the passing grade trained combat soldiers, and it would be also like to read at this point the letter is a qualification of that statement. difficult to find better troops anywhere. i received from Secretary of State Byrnes General Eisenhower's statement is true, Although the British Government is urg­ on this subject: so long as he can obtain volunteers with ing them to return to Poland, it appears MY DEAR SENATOR BUTLER: I have received the qualifications he desires. Of course, likely that many will be afraid to re­ a copy of the letter you wrote on April 2, he would prefer a volunteer army to · a turn to their homeland under its present 1946, to Secretary Patterson suggesting that government. members of the Polish armed forces abroad, drafted army, but with this qualification: which are under the control of the British They must be volunteers who pass the In an effort to avoid the necessity of r;!_~litary authorities, be given the opportu­ test with a niark set by him. extending the di:-·aft, i: have propOsed to nity to serve in the United States Army. Mr. HILL. Certainly, it must be an the Secretary of War that as many of You ·are aware, I am sure, that the British army composed, of me~ who are fit to these men as possible be taken into the Government has not undertaken to return 6336 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 5 these men to Poland against their will. As be terminable at any time by the President, ment Act that we passed last winter we Foreign Secretary Bevin said in the House and may be made without regard to the cit­ adopted an amendment, also sponsor~d of commons when arrangements to disband Izenship of the persons appointed. by the distinguished Senator from An­ the Polish units were announced: "(c) Notwithstanding any other provision zona [Mr. HAYDEN], which furnishes an "We are extremely anxious that the Polish of law, the Secretary of War is authorized to exact precedent for my proposal. At troops should return to their own country. prescribe by regulations the pay and allow­ As for those who feel in their conscience ances of whatever nature and kind to which that time we decided to recruit 50,000 that they cannot do it, we cannot relieve the men enlisted or appointed under the pro­ Filipinos for occupation duty in Japan, ourselves of the responsibility for them." visions of this section shall be entitled. The and that measure was enthusiastically The Secretary of War will undoubtedly in­ pay and allowances so prescribed shall not agreed to by this body as a means of form you of the possibility of admitting these exceed or be of other classes than those avoiding the drafting of an additional men into the United States Army. authorized by law for personnel of corre­ 50 000 American boys. The proposal I Sincerely yours, sponding grades in the Regular Army. just presented deserves considera­ JAMES F. BYRNES. "(d) Of the provisions of law of the United h~ve States conferring rights, privileges, or bene­ tion for exactly the same reasons that Mr. President, the reply of the Secre­ fits upon any person by reason of the service prompted us to adopt the policy of tary of War indicates to me that he has of such person or any other person in the ·recruiting Filipinos. not given serious consideration to this armed forces of the United States or any It should be pointed out that this proposal. My suggestion would not, of component thereof, only those conferring amendment is purely permissive, not course, give these Polish troops any rights rights, privileges, or benefits upon persons mandatory. It merely authorizes; it to American citizenship. Furthermore, during the time they are on active duty and those listed below shall be deemed to apply, does not authorize and direct. There I do not insist at all that they be en­ to persons for service pursuant to an enlist­ may be some substantial reasons why we rolled on a military basis. If further ment or appointment under the provisions of should not use the services of these study indicates that their use in a strictly this section: troops, although I have not heard anY, military status is undesirable, then I be­ "(1) The provisions of the act of March 9, and the Secretary of War gives no rea­ lieve consideration should be given to 1928 ( 45 Stat. 251) , as amended, relating to / sons in this letter to me. But, even so, ·using them as civilian police, or in some funeral expenses; the amendment will not require him to similar capacity. Certainly if a way can "(2) Provisions of law authorizing the pay­ ment of travel allowances upon discharge adopt this proposal if, after due con­ be found to use them, it may make un­ or relief from active duty; sideration, he should decide against it. necessary the requested peacetime draft, " ( 3) The provisions of the act of Decem­ It does give him clear-cut authority to which so many of our people find objec­ ber 17, 1919 (41 Stat. 367), as amended, au­ proceed with the prop~sal, in case there tionable. The War Department should thorizing the payment of a death gratuity is any doubt of his authority under pres­ at least make a serious attempt to equal to 6 months' active duty pay to the ent legislation; and it does provide ap­ find some means of using them, rather dependents of military personnel whose death propriate legislation governing their pay, than to dismiss my suggestion so sum­ occurs while on active duty; allowances, and rights. It is contem­ marily. "(4) The provisions of the Mustering-Out Payment Act of 1944 (Public Law No. 225, plated that the men recruited under the Some study of the legal situation has 78th Cong.), except that for the purpose of terms of this amendment would receive been made at my request by the offi.ce of computing such payments all service shall be substantially the same pay, allowances, the legislative counsel, and I am informed compensated for on the same basis as service and other bEmefits that Filipino troops · that there is now nothing in the statutes wholly performed within the United States; in our service receive. that would prohibit enlisting such men, and I expect to call up the amendment at and, further, that there is nothing that "(5) The provisions of laws administered the proper time. would confer any citizenship rights upon by the Veterans' Administration providing for· the payment of pensions on account of Before a vote is taken I should at least them by virtue of their enlistment. So service-connected disability or death: like to remind Senators of these facts: on the basis of these facts, there is no The draft will expire within a short time. reason why the War Department could Provided further, That the provisions of the National Service Life Insurance Act of Many of us do not want to vote to extend not proceed to recruit them without fur­ 1940, as amended, shall not apply to persons the draft during peacetime. On the ther authorization by the Congress. who serve in the Army of the United States other hand we cannot forget the com­ It has occurred to me, however, that if under the provisions of this section. mitments we have undertaken abroad. I 1t should be decided to take them into "(e) The Secretary of War is authorized to believe . we are under obligation to pro­ our service, there is no particular reason prescribe such regulations as may be neces­ vide the Army with the men it says it why they should receive all the rights to sary to enable him to carry out the provisions of this section." needs, or else to prove that it does not which our own veterans are entitled. I, need them. My proposal at least pro­ therefore, propose to submit an amend­ Mr. BUTLER. Mr. President, let me vides the -Secretary of War with an op­ ment which will cover this point. I take just a few minutes to explain the portunity to secure those men if, after should like to have the amendment print­ effect of my amendment. All that it reconsideration, he cannot find any valid ed in the RECORD at this point, and I ask really does is to provide appropriate excuse to refuse to take them. If, how­ unanimous consent to have that done. legislation governing the terms of enlist­ ever, the Secretary of War will not take There being no objection, the amend­ ment, if decision should be made to make 200,000 crack troops into the service of ment intended to be proposed by Mr. use of the services of t:Rese men. By the Army, even when they are handed to BUTLER was ordered to be printed in the that, I mean tt.at they would not receive him on a silver platter, I shall be driven RECORD, as follows: the benefits of the GI bill of rights, the to the reluctant conclusion that the At the end of the bill, add the following national service life insurance, pensions, Army does not want additional men section: "SEC. -. (a) The Secretary of War ts or hospitalization, except for service­ unless it can draft them. authorized to enlist not to exceed 200,000 connected disability, and so forth. The Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, the nonresident alien men in the Army of the language of the amendment follows as gloomy pictures presented to our people United States for service outside of the terri­ closely as possible that contained in the in reference to the consequence of our torial limits of the United States. All en­ amendment offered by the Senator from getting into war are more than realized. listments accepted under the provisions of Arizona [Mr. HAYDEN]. That amend­ Even the rabid interventionists do not this subsection shall be for the duration of ment covered the rights of persons in the feel well about the inability of the Allies the existing wars and 6 months thereafter, Philippine Scouts who are to serve us to get together. There is no world har­ but shall be subject to termination at any time by the Secretary of War. in the way that I now propose for the mony. World War II has not made for "(b) The President is authorized to ap­ Polish troops. The Senator from Ari­ peace and justice. At least, it does not point, under the joint resolution of Septem­ zona did such a careful and thorough appear so on the horizon. ber 22, 1941, as amended, for temporary piece of work in delineating what rights While Pearl Harbor interrupted the service in the Army of the United States, should accrue to alien troops in our em­ discussion between the interventionist such number of company grade commissioned ploy that it seemed unnecessary for me and the noninterventionist, the answer officers as may be required to provide com­ missioned-officer personnel of company grades to study that whole issue again. So in as to who was right will have to await the for the military units to which the men en­ my proposed amendment I have simply verdict of history. Why? Because in listed under subsection (a) may be assigned. followed his thought in the matter. many ways, the world has turned a cor­ All appointments under the provisions of In that connection let me mention ner since then. Because of invention and :this section shall be made Without term, shall the fact that in the Voluntary RecrJ,lit- the ingenuity o:f man, the world has 1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 6337 grown much smaller. Every nation is work to create a standing Army instead lem, then you are in grave trouble, and we just around the corner from every oth~r of a citizens' force trained like the Swiss will have to use many more men than if we nation. · and ready at a moment's notice at the can keep the peace in the first instance. I believe I told thic committee in the closed With the advent of atomic energy, the call of country. I voted for the amend­ hearing how seriously General MacArthur rocket plane and other inventions-and ment only because, of course, at the looks upon this problem. there are many more on the way-the old present time we have millions of trained' Now, the Selective Service Act does assure methods in war of defense and offense men who have been discharged from the us of the necessary men to solve the prob­ have gone out the window. We need Army, who in emergency would respond lem. And again I say I would be more than men with prescience, men with vision, to a call. And there is another reason, happy to see the language of the extension as exemplified by "Billy" Mitchell. He namely, that I am hoping that under the so worded that we could not take in a siugle was crucified for his foresight. United Nations organization we shall, man over and above the estimates we have In this unsettled world, the Nation's in time, get this world of ours in a more already given to the Congress. first line of defense and offense is in its understanding, cooperative, and peace­ We carried out the suggestion of Gen­ statesmen-men who comprehend the ful mood. However, .we shall see what eral Eisenhower, and we have written it world picture, and who understand the we shall see. into the bill. way of nations; men who will not forget In the meanwhile, the two lines of de­ Mr. REVERCOMB. Mr. President, will the lessons of history, and who realize fense to which I have referred must get the Senator yield? that "an ounce of prevention is worth a into action. Are our statesmen doing Mr. HILL. I yield. pound of cure." That statement applies all that is necessary in bringing about Mr. REVERCOMB. I should like to in­ to statecraft as well as to medicine, bus­ understanding and harmony, and are vite the Senator's attention to the testi­ iness, and every other channel of life. our trained personnel in the armed mony which General Eisenhower gave on Applying it to the international situa­ forces adequately meeting the new pat­ January 16, 17, 18, and 19, 1946, before tion, it means definitely seeking to un­ tern today? They must all get into a subcommittee of the Committee on derstand fully the other fellow's view­ action. Military Affairs, in which he gave figures point, calling a spade a spade, and do­ Mr. HILL. Mr. President, I do not and estimates with reference to the num­ ing everything that is necessary in order wish to delay unnecessarily the business ber of men needed abroad in all theaters to smooth out misunderstandings among of the Senate. I realize that the Senate of action. The testimony appears on the nations. voted very decisively yesterday 'in favor page 355 of the hearings. · If human nature is pretty much the of the Gurney amendment, and that it Mr. HILL. Mr. President, I do not wish same now as it was before Pearl Harbor­ did not march up the hill yesterday only to be discourteous to the Senator. The and I believe it is-our second line of de­ to turn around and march down the hill Senator has been over that matter and fense and offense is in our armed forces, today. I realize that the Senate will has submitted figures. backed up by the brains and energy of reject the amendment of the Senator I have not read anything here about America. However, .those armed forces from West Virginia. figures, and I hope the Senator will let must be adequate to meet the pattern of A few minutes ago I challenged the me continue in my own way, and then today, whatever that pattern may be. statement of the Senator from West Vir­ when I am through, if he wants to return That is why we are discussing today ginia with reference to what l.s alleged to the figures, he may do so. I do not the extension of the Selective Service to be the desire of the War Department wish to delay the Senate by going over Act. I presume that from now on when to take inductees under Selective Service the figures. men are inducted into the service, the rather than to depend on volunteer en­ Mr. REVERCOMB. May I give one training which they will receive will be listments. I referred to the statement :figure? entirely different from the training th~Y of General Eisenhower. I feel that he, Mr. HILL. Yes. received prior to Pearl Harbor. Of better than any other man, can speak Mr. REVERCOMB. The total num­ course, the men who are to be inducted for the Army of the United States. I ber of men asked by General Eisen­ into the service of their country are en­ merely wish to read a few brief extracts hower, in all theaters abroad, was titled to every consideration. But if the from the testimony of General Eisen­ 794,000. situation is as I have already stated, it hower before the Senate Committee on Mr. HILL. That may be true; the is the primary purpose of the Selective Military Affairs on the date of April 8, Senator may be entirely correct. We Service to see to it that our second line of 1946. At that time he testified in be­ have accepted the over-all figures of defense and offense is adequate. Every half of the pending bill. General Eisen­ General Eisenhower and the War De­ male owes his country, if need be, mili­ hower said: partment, and written them into the bill, tary service. We know that if we were and the Senator from West Virginia ac­ The first, retention of selective service, is now to except the teen-agers from the the only way our Nation can assure itself and cepted the same figures, because the Sen­ service it would mean that those who are the rest of the world that we shall not falter ator from West Virginia wrote the same in the service would undoubtedly be held . in our obligations; that we are not going to :figures into his amendment, which is for an extended length of time. Many gamble with the commitments we make. now pending. The fact is that is one Senators are receiving telegrams from place where I find sharp disagreement overseas containing the words "love and The general stated further: with the Senator from West Virginia. kisses." Those telegrams indicate quite The Secretary of State appeared before this He accepts the :figures as to the needs Of clearly the situation with which we are committee and outlined what the world situa­ the Army as declared by General Eisen­ tion was and how important he thought mili­ confronted. tary strength was in these areas and at home. hower and for the Navy as declared by I presume that here again we have I feel there is no need of protesting again Secretary Forrestal and other spokes­ the same issue which confronted us in and again that the Army did not set up those men for the Navy; but accepting those connection with the labor bills-the is­ jobs. We merely have to perform them. :figures, the Senator from West Virginia sue which has been neglected time and in his amendment would deny an op­ time again-namely, that public inter­ In other words, the Army is required portunity to make sure that these needs est is dominant and must be served. We merely to carry out the policies and do are met. neglected the issue for a long time. In the jobs set for it by the State Depart­ Mr. REVERCOMB. Will the Senator the pending bill we must give considera­ ment, the Executive, and the Congress of yield? tion to the dominant importance of the United States. Mr. HILL. I yield. public interest. The general continued: Mr. REVERCOMB. In reply may I At first I was in doubt about voting Those commitments made at Potsdam and say that I do not take the position that for the Johnson-La Follette amendment o -:;her places were all made in good faith. the adoption of the amendment would The point that concerns us is this: If you go create such a situation that the :figures which provided an increase of 50 per­ below the strength actually needed to p21'­ cent in pay to the privates. The theory form them you are very likely to run into of the Army and Navy would not be met. was that men would be induced to·enlist trouble. I tried to point out this morning that because of the higher rate of compensa­ In other words, you are asking for it. If the :figures of the War Department­ tion 'and therefore would relieve others you have trouble incited by hunger or other unproved, undelved into, accepted by the from being drafted. Undoubtedly it motives, in Japan and in Germany, and if Committee on Military Affairs, of which will work that way. But it will also you haven't enough people to solve the prob• I am a member and the able Senator G338 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 5 from Alabama is a member, accepted as I may say that the number of volun­ Mr. President, I ·shall not detain the given-can be met without extension of teers is not 79'4,000, as the able Senator Senate further. We have a very simple the draft. has ·stated. As of July, according to the question before us. The bill as reported Mr. HILL. The Senator, I know, is Army's own estimate of the officers and by the Senate Committee on Military Af­ honest, and he is sincere. He thinks men, it will be 950,000. fairs, and now pending before the Sen­ these needs can be met without extend­ Mr. HILL. I took the 794,000 from the ate, provides pay incentives such as we ing the draft. I hope the Senator is Senator from West Virginia, and I now wrote into the bill last evening in an effort right about it. No one would be hap­ accept his 950,000. to do all we could, certainly from the pier to see these needs met by the volun­ Mr. REVERCOMB. 794,000 is the standpoint of pay, to get as many men as teer system than the Senator from Ala­ number required according to General possible to enlist. The bill provides that bama. But I am not willing to gamble Eisenhower. if we can get a sufficient number of vol­ in this matter. I am not going to take Mr. HILL. General Eisenhower con­ unteers, not a single man will be drafted, any chances. I am going to make sure tinues: and that there shall be induction for that the machinery is provided whereby What we are talking about is not gambling service only if, when and where the re­ these needs can and will be met. with commitments that we have made. quired needs cannot be met by the volun­ General Eisenhower continues: We have presented before the committee teer system. Now, there has been much discussion our entire record of enlistments and many On the other hand, the amendment of about the numbers of men we need. That, questions have been raised about the ac­ the Senator from West Virginia, so far likewise, we have ·calculated not only on curacy of the War Department's estimates on as the induction of men into the military the job, but also taking every favorable out­ voluntary enlistments. service is concerned would absolutely kill look we could in order to keep the figure Then he adds: the selective service. It would put an end down to the lowest possible number of men. Our own War Department staff studies pre­ to selective service so far as any induction In other words, General Eisenhower sent a better estimate, a rosier picture, on this of men is concerned. In order for there says they have looked at the situation in than either of the two studies that were to be any further inductions, if the the most favorable light, and looking at made outside of the staff processes. amendment of the Senator from West it in the most favorable light, they have In other words, the War Department Virginia should be agreed to by the Sen­ kept their needs down in terms of the takes a broader outlook, a rosier outlook. ate and become the law, the Congress of lowest possible number of men. He con­ as to the number of volunteers we will the United States would have to start all tinues: be able to get, than two other studies over again and write new legislation. Anyone can see the logic of occupying which have been made on this very sub­ I hope both Houses of Congress will forces being composed entirely of volunteers ject. shortly adjourn, not to be in session again if you can possibly get them. There is no The Senator from Wyoming [Mr. until the third day of January next year. one that I know of either in or out of the The question is whether before adjourn­ Army that would rather have selective-serv­ O'MAHONEY] asked General Eisenhower this question: ing we will make provision whereby if a ~ce men than volunteers. sufficient number of men cannot be se­ Your testimony and that of the Secretary Mr. REVERCOMB. Mr. President, of War is in agreement upon this point, that cured by volunteering it will be possible will the Senator yield? you would much prefer the .volunteer to the by induction into the armed forces to Mr. HILL. I yield. inductee, and that you do not want to take meet the needs which no man questions Mr. REVERCOMB. The statement the young men if you can get away from it? and no man disputes. The question is made there as I understand it, is that the General EISENHOWER. That is absolutely whether we will put ourselves in a posi­ general looks forward to the day, or de­ true. tion whereby the Army can fulfill its task sires the situation, when the occupation Mr. President, this will appeal to the and we can meet our commitments, or troops will be volunteers. He has fixed Senator from New Jersey [Mr. HAWKES] whether we will go home and gamble, the sum total of occupation troops, as because he is a distinguished business­ take a chance on the security of our of July 1 of this year, at 794,000, and to­ man, and knows what training and ex­ country and on the peace of the world. day we have more than that many vol­ perience mean. General Eisenhower il­ Mr. REVERCOMB. Mr. President, I unteers, and as of July 1 of officers and lustrated as follows: intend my remarks to be very brief. men, we will have 950,000. In the Air Forces we have many specialties Some points were brought out by the able Mr. HILL. That may be true, but be­ for which it takes over a year to train a man Senator from Alabama to which I should cause we have 794,000 volunteer;:; today and in other services there are likewise many like to reply. He has quoted some testi­ does not mean at all that all the 794,000 which require a long time for training. mony respecting the War D~partment volunteers are trained or prepared or You have to find other places in which to taking a rosy view of enlistments. I call ready to go and take their places in the put your year and year-and-a-half man, be­ attention to the testimony to show how occupying forces. That figure does not cause before you have him trained in those rosy has been the view of the War De­ mean anything. It may mean that some specialties, you have to discharge him. partment respecting enlistments. On of these men, although they are trained Senator O'MAHONEY. The Secretary recom­ September 12, 1945, the Secretary of War mended very positively to this committee an and prepared, are much more important increase of incentive for enlistment by in­ stated that the War Department's esti­ in the work they are doing here at home creasing the pay. mate of enlistments by July 1, 1946, was than if we sent them across the seas General EISENHOWER. Yes, sir. 300,000, when as a matter of fact by somewhere. We have to organize the Senator O'MAHONEY. That, apparently, 1s May 1, 1946, the enlistments were 769,340. Army, not in terms of numbers or fig­ a War Department policy. Was that a very rosy view? ures, but to have the right men in the Would there be any objection to the War In January of this year General Paul, right places at the right time. Department making a suggestion to the com­ Chief of Personnel, G-1, on the General Mr. REVERCOMB. Mr. . President, mittee for inclusion in any bill that may be Staff, estimated, in this very year of 1946, will the Senator yield? passed provisions for increased incentive to stimulate enlistments? that the enlistments by July 1 of this Mr. HILL. I do not wish to be dis­ General EISENHOWER. No, Senator; the Sec­ year would be 650,000. Yet up to May courteous, but I desire to get through, retary of War has emphasized that very much. there have been enlistments of 769,340. because I am anxious that a vote be He is very strongly in favor of it. The only Was that a very rosy view of enlistments? taken. reason I haven't talked about it much is Mr. President, when representatives-of The truth is, I will say to tny distin­ that I am talking about the military job the War Department have testified upon guished friend, the Senate of the United I have to do, sir, and I can't tell any more this question their view has certainly than anyone else what this unknown factor States is going to answer this question, been very conserva~ive throughout, and and it can answer it better and much of the 20-percent pay increase will make in our recruiting. I believe in it. · not very rosy. more effectively than either the Senator I know that General Eisenhower stated from West Virginia or the Senator from Of course, as the Senate knows, we before the committee, and the statement Alabama, and I wish to get to the an­ have gone higher than the 20 percent. was made in my presence, that he pre­ swer. We have endeavored to go c~ear on to the ferred a volunteer army. That state­ Mr. REVERCOMB. I merely wanted maximum, so far as providmg an incen­ ment has never been denied. Of course, the Senator to yield at this point be­ tive for enlistment is concerned, through he wants a volunteer army. But he cause he has raised a question, and I increased pay to be given the men who wants that army on a selective basis, and, wanted to clarify the issue. enlist. in view of the action taken by the War l946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 6339 Department, I cannot help but feel that, should have gone back to the theory and scripted for barrackroom duties through. if we leave the selective service as it is concept of a volunteer army as America out the world. I do not think it is neces­ today,. the Army is going to follow the :t?.as always known it, especially in peace­ sary. But I do think that it would be course already indica ted by the order of time, and I do not believe it is possible to decidedly unwise to continue upon tbe March 8 in raising their standard to se­ mix the two systems, the one compulsory statute books the Selective Service Act, lect those they want, and, as General and the other voluntary. It will not with a suspension of inductions under Paul said was intended to be done, to work well and it cannot work well. that act, if it be necessary to resort to it. stop some volunteers from coming into In the committee report on the pend­ I express the wish and the hope that the Army, ing bill I am struck with ·the statement those in charge of our armed forces, The Senator from Alabama said the that: from the commander in chief down, will adoption of our amendment would put Both the Army and the Navy want their go back to the volunteer system of rais­ an end to selective service. I am sure forces to be made up of volunteers. They ing armies and forces for our various the Senator desires to be corrected with desire to have the personnel of the postwar services, because it has been effective in respect to that statement. It would not Army and the postwar Navy composed en­ the past except when we were actually put an end t0 selective service. It would tirely of volunteers, if possible. The people facing war or in the midst of war, and it keep intact the whole selective-service of the country at large wholeheartedly favor will be effective again. It will be far machinery and the whole selective-serv­ the volunteer system for the armed forces, more effective than the constant hue and ice personnel. It would simply stop in­ I myself subscribe to those sentiments, cry that we must maintain a tremendous duction until the further order of the Mr. President. I believe wholeheartedly military force upon the backs of the Congress. That is the duty of the Con­ in a volunteer Army for all peacetime American people to police the world. gress. The Congress has a responsibility services, for all peacetime activities. The American taxpayer-and by that which it should assume, and which it Since I voted against the amendment I mean the American worker, because should not shift to some other depart- · to include the 18- and 19-year-old young after all he is a taxpayer- will not for ment or to the executive side of our men in the Army, I wish to make a state­ long relish the idea of doing police duty Government. ment because I am not prepared to vote throughout the earth when he finds out As to Congress adjourning and going for the substitute amendment. I think how far that kind of activity is going to home for the year, let me say that if any the adoption of that amendment would reduce his standards of living. Fortu­ situation should arise which would re­ be definitely unwise at this time, because nately America. has largely consisted of a quire more men in the armed forces, I it would serve notice upon other coun­ great middle class. By that I mean the care not what that situation mi·ght be, tries which seem to be more or less criti­ workers, the farmers, and the white-col­ certainly.Congress would reconvene. It cal or hypercritical of almost everything lar people about whom we have heard so could never be so derelict in its duty to that occurs here, that we were ready to much recently. People of immense the people of the country that upon a few abandon our traditional system of rais­ wealth have constituted a mere fringe hours' notice it would not reconvene in ing an effective Army if it were necessary at the top; and, fortunately for us, those Washington to meet any situation that to do so. of extreme poverty have constituted no might arise. In connection with that statement, large part of our population. Our popu­ So, Mr. President, the whole question Mr. President, I wish to make another lation has been made up largely of here is whether Congress shall assume statement. I am not at all impressed by middle-class people-the worker, the its duty of fixing the policy with respect the statement made in very high places farmer, the white-collar man, the pro­ to the number of men and how the men in the Government that the strength of fessional man, and the teacher. Two should be taken into the armed forces, our voice in international affairs, in world wars in one generation have placed upon or whether it shall leave that policy open affairs, depends upon the strength of our the backs of those people a tremendous to administration by the War Depart­ Army and of our Navy. That has never burden. After a while they will be heard ment. been true of America,. and it ought not wl).en they see · how substantially the Mr. GEORGE. Mr. President, before now to be true, and if it is true it is a American standard of living is going to the vote is taken I wish to make a state­ pitiable confession that we are not living be lowered by constant police duty all ment. Yesterday I voted against the up to our responsibilities as a nation. over the earth, perchance on the theory amendment offered by the distinguished The strength of our voice in interna­ that if we have a large Army we shall Senator from South Dakota [Mr. tional affairs has always depended upon have a heavy voice in world affairs. GuRNEY] bringing back into the selective our devotion to right and to justice and So, Mr. President, while I was pleased service the so-called teen-agers, that is, upon our willingness to defend what we to vote against the amendment which men from 18 to 20 years of age. When regarded as the essential and funda­ brought the 18-year-old and 19-year-old the war was on I voted for the Selective mental principles which should guide all boys back under the draft, I am equally Service Act which enabled the Govern­ nations in their dealings with other na­ clear in my conviction that I should vote ment to utilize the services of these men tions. Throughout our history we have against the pending proposal for a con­ of 18 and 19 years. But it seems to me tried to subscribe to something like what tinuation of the draft, with those same to be altogether a different matter in Edmund Burke referred to when he spoke men in it, but suspended so far as induc­ peacetime and when we are selecting a of that justice and sense of justfce which tions are concerned until some emer­ peacetime Army, which is largely an is a standing policy of every civilized gency may arise. army for barrack-room duty, whatever state. Mr. President, I am very well awara anyone may say about it. Mr. President, I do not think the force of the doctrine which prevails in many As a matter of conscience, Mr. Presi­ and power of America depend entirely parts of the world today. It is not very dent, for myself, with no purpose to upon an Army or a Navy. They depend dissimilar to the old doctrine that might critcize anyone else, I could not vote and upon the willingness of the American makes right. But we went to war against did not vote to bring into this peacetime people to support their deeper convic­ that doctrine. The Nazis were . short­ Army men of 18 and 19 years of age. tions by bringing into being an Army lived, and Japan was a short-lived na­ The pending substitute amendment is and a Navy when those principles are at tion when she openly avowed that faith. an altogether different matter, as I see stake. But it is a matter, as I think­ The strength of America has always been it. It covers men of all ages, that is, although I may be "a voice crying in in its devotion to justice and right, in from 18 to 65, or 45, as the case may be, the wilderness"-of some concern when its devotion to fundamental principles, originally covered under the Selective from high quarters in our Government with a firm reliance upon our people Service Act, but it simply suspends the we are constantly reminded that if we do themselves to respond in every great induction until there is affirmative action not have a powerful Army and a power­ emergency to whatever the emergency taken by the Congress. I do not believe ful Navy we will have no voice in the called for in the way of manpower or that it would be wise to legislate in that affairs of this earth. military force. manner at this time, because, much as I do not subscribe to that doctrine, Mr. GURNEY. Mr. President, I ask I regret to see it, the Army has depended and I never shall. In voting against this unanimous consent to have printed in not wholly on a ·volunteer system since substitute proposal I wish it definitely the RECORD at this point as a part of my the ending of the war in Germany more understood that I do not believe that 18- remarks a letter which I have received than a year ago. I think the Army and 19-year-old boys should be con- from J. W. Studebaker, Commlssioner ~340 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JUNE 5 of Education, as to the percentage of COMB], for himself and other Senators, period prior thereto shall accrue by reason high-school graduates entering and be­ in the nature of a substitute for the bill. of the enactment of this act. . The amendment proposed by Mr. "SEC. 7. Section 11 of the act of March 4, ing graduated from college, and the per­ 1925 (43 Stat.1274; 34 U.S. C. 701), is hereby centage of the total population with col­ REVERCOMB, as modified, is as follows: amended to read as follows: lege training. I ask that it be printed Strike out all after the enacting clause and " 'SEC. 11. That the band of the United in the RECORD so that it may be avail­ insert the following: States Marine Corps shall consist of one able to the conferees. "That section 16 (b) of the Selective Train­ leader whose pay and allowances shall be There being no objection, the letter ing and Service Act of 1940, as amended, is those of a captain in the Marine Corps; one was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, amended by striking out 'July 1, 1946' and second leader whose pay shall be $220 per as follows: inserting in lieu thereof 'May 15, 1947': month and who shall have the allowances of Provided, That no individual shall be in­ a sergeant major; 10 principal musicians FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY, ducted for training and service under such whose pay shall be $180 per month; 25 first­ UNITED STATES 'OFFICE OF EDUCATION, act unless the Congress by law declares that class musicians whose pay shall be $150 per Washington, D. C., May 22, 1946. national security requires that inductions be month; 20 second-class musicians whose pay Hon. CHAN GURNEY, resumed. shall be $120 per month; and 10 third-class United St at es Senate, "SEC. 2. (a) There shall be discharged musicians whose pay shall be $102 per month; Washington, D . C. from or relieved from active duty in the mili­ such musicians of the band to have the allow­ DEAR MR. GURNEY: This is in reply to your tary and naval forces of the United States, ances of a sergeant: Provided, That the sec­ recent telephone inquiry concerning the per­ ond leader and musicians of the band shall cent of high-school graduates entering and as rapidly as discharge facilities will permit, every member of such forces, or any compo­ receive the same increases for length of serv­ being graduated from college, and the per­ nent part of either, who applies therefor and ice and the same enlistment allowance or cent of the total population with college who has on the date of enactment of this act gratuity for reenlisting as is now or may training. hereafter be provided fo_· other enlisted men In 1942, 16.5 percent of the high-school one or more children to whom he bears, or of the Marine Corps: Provided jurthe1·, That graduates of 1938 were graduated from col­ would maintain, but for his service, a bona fide family relationship in his home: Pro­ the pay authorized herein shall apply in com­ lege--19.8 percent of the men and 13.7 per­ puting the pay of former members of the cent of the women. Of the high-school vided, however, That the provisions of this graduates in 1939, 35.2 percent entered col­ section shall not apply to anyone who has band now on the retired list and who have been retired since June 30, 1922: Provided lege-44.7 percent of the men and 26.8 per­ volunteer ed for service in the Army or the cent of the women. Navy. further, That in the event of promotion of Data taken from the 1940 United States "(b) Section 3 (b) of the Selective Train­ the second leader, or a musician of the band Census show that college graduates consti­ ing and Service Act of 1940, as amended, is to leader of the band, all service as such tute 2.9 percent of the entire population, amended to read as follows: second leader, or as such musician of the and that 7.1 percent of the population had "'(b) Each man heretofore inducted un­ band, or both, shall be counted in computing some college training. When we consider, der the provisions of subsection (a) who longevity increase in pay: And provided fur­ however, that many persons . enumerated shall have served for a training and service ther, That hereafter during concert tours ap­ in the census are too young to have attained period of at least 18 months shall be dis­ proved by the President, members of the charged upon his written application for dis­ Marine Band shall suffer no loss of allow­ the college level, a comparison of the num­ ances.'" ber of college-trained persons with the popu­ charge, as rapidly as discharge facilities will lation 20 years of age and over seems more permit: Provided, That the foregoing provi­ Mr. REVERCOMB. Mr. President on pertinent. On this basis 10.8 percent had sion shall not apply to any person who has some college training and 4.4 percent were voluntarily enlisted for a longer period of this question I ask for the yeas and n~ys. college graduates. service.' The yeas and nays were ordered; and We are pleased to furnish you with these "SEC. 3. This act shall not be deemed to the legislative clerk proceeded to call the data and hope that they will serve your affect the existing program of the Army and roll, and Mr. AIKEN voted in the negative purpose. Navy for the discharge of men in the service when his name was called. Cordially, on other grounds, and for other reasons not Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, a point J. W. STUDEBAKER, named in this act, but shall be construed as of order. Commissioner. an additional ground and reason in the de­ mobilization and discharge of servicemen The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen­ Mr. GURNEY. Mr. President, if no from the Army and the Navy. ator will state it. other Senator wishes to speak at the "SEC. 4. Any person discharged under the Mr. WHERRY. The Senate is not in moment, I suggest the absence of a provisions of this act shall be given and order. quorum. granted an honorable discharge, unless for The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The cause found to be not entitled to honorable ate will be in order. clerk will call the roll. discharge. Mr. GURNEY. Mr. President, a par­ The Chief Clerk called the roll, and "SEc. 5. The fourth proviso of the second liamentary inquiry. sentence of section 3 (a) of the Selective the following Senators answered to their Training and Service Act of 1940, as amended, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen­ names: is amended to read at: follows: Provided fur­ ator will state it. Aiken Hawkes Overton ther, That on July 1, 1946, the number of Mr. GURNEY. As I understand we Andrews Hayden Pepper men in active training or service in the Army are voting on the Revercomb am~nd­ Austin Hickenlooper Reed shall not exceed 1,550,000, and that this Ball Hill Revercomb ment as modified, and I understand that Barkley Hoey Robertson number shall be reduced consistently month a vote "yea" will be in favor of adopting Bridges Huffman Russell by month so that the Army's strength shall the amendment, and a vote "nay" will Briggs Johnson, Colo. Saltonstall be 1,070,000 on July 1, 1947: And provided Brooks Johnston, S. C. Shipstead further, That on July 1, 1947, the number of be against adoption of the amendment. Buck Knowland Smith men in active training or service in the Navy Is that correct? Burch La Follette Stanfill shall be 558,000 and in the Marine corps Bushfield Langer Stewart The PRESIDING OFFICER. That is Butler Lucas Taft 108,000. correct. The vote is being taken on the Capehart McCarran Thomas, Okla. "SEc. 6. (a) The first paragraph of section 9 Revercomb amendment, as modified. Capper McClellan Thomas, Utah of the Pay Readjustment Act of 1942, as The clerk will resume the call of the Connally McFarland Tobey amended, is hereby amended to read as fol­ roll. Cordon . McKellar Tunnell lows: Donnell McMahon Tydings The legislative clerk resumed calling Downey Magnuson Vandenberg "'The monthly base pay of enlisted men of the roll. Eastland May bank Wagner the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Ellender Mead Walsh Guard shall be as follows: Enlisted men of Mr. BUTLER Vermont have known for Mr. President, I know that the Sen­ [M'r. GOSSETT and Mr. TAYLOR] are absent many, many years of the ability of WAR­ ator from Vermont will leave the Senate by leave of the Senate. REN R. AusTIN. He has represented us with the best wishes of all his colleagues. · The Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. in this body for more than 15 years, and I know that he will be a credit to his GERRY] is necessarily absent. during that time the Congress and the country, to the best welfare of which he The Senator from Virginia [Mr. BYRD], entire country have come to recognize his will continue, as he always has, to be the Senators from New Mexico [Mr. value and worth as a public servant. loyal. I congratulate him, and I con­ CHAVEZ and Mr. HATCH], and the Sena­ We are particularly proud that he has gratulate America and the work of the tor from Maryland [Mr. RADCLIFFE] are been appointed to this high office at this United Nations. detained on public business. time. We know that he will be a credit Mr. SMITH. Mr. President, I rise to T~ Senator from West Virginia [Mr. to Vermont, to New England, and to the join in the comments which have been KILGORE] and the Senator from Montana entire United States, and that through made relative to this appointment of [Mr. MURRAY] are unavoidably detained. his work and influence the world will be our distinguished friend, the Senator I also announce that if present and brought nearer to that welcome day from Vermont. I admit that my feel­ voting, the Senator from North Carolina when peace shall reign among all na­ ings are torn by this great honor because [Mr. BAILEY], the Senator ·from New tions. it will be hard for us .to lose him from Mexico [Mr. HATCH], the Senator from I know that all Members of this body this distinguished body of wliich he has West Virginia [Mr. KILGORE], and the regret that we shall not have the oppor­ been so distinguished a Member. How­ Senator from Maryland [Mr. RADCLIFFE] tunity of working further with him in ever, at this tragic time, and in the seri~ · would vote "nay." the Senate, but we do appreciate his ap­ ous crisis through which we are passing, Mr. WHERRY. The Senator from pointment to this, one of the most im-· no person of better qualifications could Maine [Mr. BREWSTER] and the Senator portant offices in the world today. While have been chosen by the President of the from Indiana [Mr. WILLIS] are neces­ Vermont will sustain a great loss in not United States to represent this country sarily absent. having him represent her longer in the in the Security Council of the United The Senator from North Dakota [Mr. Senate, yet Vermont's. loss is not only our Nations. YoUNG] is absent by leave of the Senate. national gain, but the gain of all nations I wish to add my word of deep appre­ The result was announced-yeas 14, as well. In behalf of the people of my ciation for the appointment which the nays 63, as follows: State, and for myself, I wish publicly to President has made of a distinguished congratulate our colleague, WARREN Aus­ Member of our body to represent the YEAS- 14 TIN, on his appointment. Brooks Moore Taft United States on the Security Council Bushfield Revercomb Walsh Mr. TOBEY. Mr. President, I rise to of the United Nations. Capper Shipstead Wheeler second the remarks of the Senator from Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. ·President, as La Follette Stanfill Wherry Vermont [Mr. AIKEN] with reference to Langer Stewart chairman of the Committee on Foreign the great honor which has come to our Relations, I wish to say that Senator NAYS-63 colleague and friend, WARREN AUSTIN, in AUSTIN has been a distinguished member Aiken Gurney Mitchell the appointment which he has received Andrews Hart Murdock of that committee for a number of years. Austin Hawkes Myers at the hands of the President of the In the development of the United Na­ Ball Hayden O'Daniel United States. tions Charter, the Senator was one of Barkley Hickenlooper O'Mahoney New Hampshire adjoins Vermont. its early supporters. He did not wait to Bridges Hill Overton The only thing that divides us is H20 in Briggs Hoey Pepper be argued with or convinced of the need Buck Huffman Reed the form of the Connecticut River. We for the Charter. He was already con­ Burch Johnson, Colo. Robertson have much in common. vinced of the utility of international co­ Capehart Johnston, S. C. Russell Mr. President, I have watched WARREN Connally Knowland Saltonstall operation in behalf of all the people. Cordon Lucas Smith AusTIN grow in the United States Sen­ I regard it as a fortunate circumstance Donnell McCarran Thomas, Okla. ate. No man could be better fitted for that he has found himself able to accept Downey McClellan Thomas, Utah the grave responsibilities which have Eastland McFarland Tobey the high responsibility which the Presi­ Ellender McKellar Tunnell been placed upon his shoulders than is dent has placed upon him. It will give Ferguson McMahon Tydings WARREN AUSTIN. He has a passion for him an opportunity to render great serv­ Fulbright Magnuson Vandenberg bringing order out of chaos in a troubled George Maybank Wagner ice to the world and, in particular, honor Green Mead White WOrld. So I say with GEORGE AIKEN, con­ and service to the people of the United Guffey Millikin Wiley gratulations to WARREN AUSTIN and his States. . I wish for him a successful ca- • NOT VOTING-19 good wife, who has been his life's help­ reer. I know that all of his efforts will mate. Congratulations to the Senate, to Bailey Chavez Radcliffe be devoted to securing world peace, Bankhead Gerry Taylor the people of the entire country, and par­ world security, and world harmony and Bilbo Gossett Willis ticularly to the people of the State of cooperation. I regret, of course, that he Brewster Hatch Wilson Vermont. Butler Kilgore Young will leave the Senate and the committee Byrd Morse Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, I over which I have had the honor to pre­ Carville Murray believe the President of the United side for several years. I wish him the So Mr. REVERCOMB'S amendment, as States has exercised rare judgment in best of good things in the future. In modified, was rejected. his choice of a representative of the United States to the Security Council. the discharge of his duties as a member NOMINATION OF SENATOR WARREN R. I heartily applaud the selection of of the committee, he has brought to the AUSTIN TO BE REPRESENTATIVE OF Senator AusTIN to this desperately im­ aid of his colleagues his great legal THE UNITED STATES TO. THE UNITED portant responsibility in this critical knowledge and a wide public outlook. I NATIONS AND UNITED STATES REPRE­ hour, although I deeply regret his re­ congratulate him and wish him well in SENTATIVE IN THE SECURJ;['Y COUNCIL tirement from the Senate. his future career. Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, a few min- Senator AusTIN has been loyal to the Mr. WALSH. Mr. President, I desire utes ago I was advised of the appoint­ true spirit of the United Nations. He to be counted with my colleagues in ex­ ment of my distinguished colleague, the has been intimately related to the de­ tending heartiest congratulations to Senator from Vermont, WARREN R. Aus­ velopment of that great institution for Senator AUSTIN for the distinguished TIN, to be the representative of the international peace and security. He honor which has come to him, and the United States of America to the United will faithfully sustain its objectives. I opportunity it will afford him to render Nations, with the rank and status of particularly like his designation because a type of public service which will be ambassador extraordinary and pleni- he has always emphasized his belief in perhaps more important than any which 6342 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~SENATE JUNE 5 he has had the opportunity of rendering of tribute to the character of WARREN hope, and I am sure I am not guilty of up to the present moment. AusTIN. I can think of no person better any impropriety in expressing the hope, Senator AusTIN has been an outstand­ fitted for the grave and arduous duties that whoever his successor may be, he ing Member of this body. Few, if any, which he is about to assume than is he. may approach the high standard of mor­ could have matched his industry, his For more than 12 years I have had the al and intellectual service, with all the ability, his sense of justice, and his ap­ opportunity of serving with Senator courage and· all the inner consciousness plication to the senatorial duties which AusTIN on several committees of the Sen­ of rectitude, which have characterized have devolved upon him. He has made ate. I have never known him to falter in the services of Senator AUSTIN. an outstanding record as a Senator from any issue that was presented. I join the other Members of the Senate New England, and we are all" proud of The task to which he goes is great, but in congratulating hfm, and I join them him, regardless of party affiliations. I if character and ability and courage and in regretting his departure from this am sure that with his training and back­ real · Americanism can accomplish the body. ground, his experience, his learning, and tasl{, Senator AusTIN will succeed. Mr. HILL. Mr. President, I wish to his ability, he will give a magnificent ac­ Mr. THOMAS of Utah. Mr. President, join in the tributes which have been paid count of himself in the high office to it would not be right for me, as chairman to our friend, WARREN AUSTIN. For the which he has been called. of the Committee on Military Affairs, to past 8 years it has been my good fortune Senator AusTIN, on behalf of my col­ keep my seat at such a time as this. to sit with him as a member of the league and the people·of Massachusetts, Senator AusTIN and I have served on this Senate Committee on Military Affairs. your neighboring people, I extend heart­ committee together for 14 years, and Since 1940 continuously through the war, iest congratulations and best wishes for a have stood shoulder to shoulder more and up to this date, that committee has most successful and honorable career in than once in supporting measures which had before it many momentous, far­ the new duties to which you have been have become exceedingly constructive reaching questions. WARREN AusTIN has called. legislation in the evolution of our always been at his post of duty in the Mr. WHITE. Mr. President, when I country. committee, contributing his great ability, think of the political history of the State We have served together on the Com­ his fine understanding, and his unyield­ of Vermont, four names crowd them- . mittee on Foreign Relations for some ing devotion. selves to my mind. I speak of them with­ time, and worked side by side in han­ He has indeed, Mr. President, been a out disparagement of other distinguished dling what now has become recognized towering figure of strength in the com­ men who have served that State in the international law of a positive sort. mittee and in its work. He has made Nation's Capital, and brought distinction If I should try to describe Senator many contributions to the work of the to themselves and to their constituents. AusTIN as a statesman, I would say that committee, to the work of the Senate, During the days of the Civil War, Judge from every standpoint his actions and his to the work of the Congress, in the fight­ Jacob Collamer, of Vermont, represented work would be connected with the word ing and in the winning of the war. that State in this body. He was said at "constructive." If there ever was a con­ I, for one, shall sorely miss him, his that time to be the finest lawyer in the structive statesman in the United States, wise counsel, and his fine, lofty spirit of Senate of the United States. He served a man of foresight and understanding, and the ability to put his foresight and service. I rejoice that our country is to as a United States Senator, as a Member be represented on the United Nations of the National House of Representatives, understanding into workable language, Senator AusTIN is that man. Council by such a man. I congratulate and was Postmaster General in the Cab­ him, I congratulate the country, I con­ inet of the President of the United States. At this time what we need in inter­ gratulate the United Nations. Mr. President, another name occurs to national relations is a man who has faith me, that of Justin S. Morrill, of Vermont, in the ability of the people of the world Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, WARREN He served in the National House of Rep­ to use reason and law in place of force. AusTIN, our friend and associate, a man resentatives, and in this body. His serv­ In order to bring that about, constructive of high character, ability, and great ex­ ices in both Houses extended over a span statesmanship of the first order is needed. perience, has been called by the Presi­ of more than 43 years, one of the longest, I am sure that the President of the United dent to represent this Nation on the if not the longest, spans of continuous States has made no mistake in his ap­ Security Council. He will bring to the service in the two Houses of Congress in pointment. Council vision and understanding. His the history of our Nation. He was the Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, in background as lawyer, businessman, author of the Tariff Act of 1861 known 1792 there was a friendly rivalry between Senator, student of international affairs as the Morrill Act. Vermont and Kentucky as to which and law, especially qualify him for this Another great name given to the Na­ should become the fourteenth State of great position. tion by the State of Vermont was that of the Union. By a considerable amount Mr. President, the Senate will not George F. Edmunds. He served in the of brain work and some foot work Ver­ seem the same to me after our associate National House of Representatives and in mont nosed out Kentucky, as Assault has departed for the Security Council. the Senate of the United States. He was, nosed out Lord Boswell in a recent horse For a number of years now I have sat • for a time, President pro tempore of this race. Since then there has never been to his immediate right in the Senate. body. He served on the electoral com­ any rivalry between the two States ex­ I remember when I came to the Sen­ mission and heard the di'sputed election cept a friendly rivalry, but there has al­ ate about 7 Y2 years ago and first met case of 1876. ways been a very affectionate associa­ him. I had heard a great deal about Those were three great names. tion between Vermont and the State of WARREN AUSTIN. I found him friendly, Mr. President, the fourth name deserv­ Kentucky. congenial, a man who always had his ing to stand along with the ones I have I am sure that no one here regrets more feet on the ground, and never mentally mentioned is that of our colleague, WAR­ deeply than do I the loss of the service of unpoised. While we did not always vote REN AusTIN. He is learned in the law, Senator AusTIN as a Member of this body. alike, he has always been considerate and and a seeker always of the truth. By He has been and is one of the most in­ helpful. All through the years as I sat his eminent service, his industry, and his dustrious, fair, sound, level-headed men here I found him cooperative, kindly, rare ability; he has contributed to the on either side of the senatorial middle and, what is more, he always gave me clarification of many important issues. aisle, and he possesses a high degree of a sense of strength. So, Mr. President, He has also rendered to his State and thorough understanding of the ethics of I think he will be a source of strength Nation highly important service. public service, not only here, but in any to the Security Council. Mr. President, I congratulate him for other capacity in which he might serve A few nithts ago, when it was an­ the appointment which has come to him. the American people. · nounced in the newspapers that Mr. I wish for him every good thing in his new The President could not have made a Stettinius had resigned, I sat back in my field, but I cannot refrain from express­ wiser choice or selected a man whose chair and thought over who might take ing deepest personal regret in the real service would add greater dignity to or his place, and immediately the name of sense of loss which comes to us during confidence in the United Nations than in WARREN AUSTIN came to my mind. Now these trying days in his departure from the appointment of Senator AusTIN. he has been appointed. He kno•,vs his­ the Senate of the United States. I have no right to assume who his suc­ tory. He knows people. He has "what Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, I cessor in the Senate may be when the it takes" for the performance of his cannot refrain from adding another word time comes for the selection, but I woulq duties in this high office. 1946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 6343

Mr. President, I am happy for Senator that the Senate bill, as it is now p~­ The Senator from North Dakota [Mr. AusTIN, because this appointment pre­ {~ted, be substituted for it, and t t YOUNG] is absent by leave of the Senate. sents great challenges and I know he will tlie House bill be passed in that fo . The Senator from Kentucky [Mr. prove adequate. I believe he wiil The PRESIDENT pro tempore. fs STANFILL] is unavoidably detained. If strengthen the Security Council by being there objection? present he would vote "yea." the representative of this Government There being no objection, the Senate The Senator from Indiana [Mr. WIL­ on it, and at this time, when the world proceeded to consider the bill (H. R. 6064) LIS], who would vote ''nay," is paired on is in the chaotic condition in which it to extend the Selective Training and this question with the Senator from Ore­ finds itself, men of Vermont character Service Act of 1940, as amended, and for gon [Mr. MoRSE], who would vote "yea." are :needed. Vermont is the old Granite other purposes. The result was announced-yeas 68, State. We need men who have convic­ Mr. GURNEY. I ask unanimous con­ nays 9, as follows: tions, men who have judgment, and men sent that all after the enacting clause YEAS-68 who stand by their judgment. Such a of the House bill be stricken out and Aiken Gurney Murdock man is WARREN AUSTIN. that the language of the Senate bill as Andrews Hart Myers I congratulate the United Nations, Mr. perfected be substituted therefor. Austin Hawkes O'Daniel Ball Hayden O'Mahoney President, for having the services of this The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is Barkley Hickenlooper Overton man. there objection? The Chair hears none, Bridges Hill P epper Mr. AUSTIN. Mr. President and my and the House language will be stricken, Briggs Hoey Reed generous colleagues, I accept your re­ and the Senate language substituted Brooks Huffman Robertson Buck Johnson, Colo. Russell markable friendship, and I reciprocate therefor. Burch Johnston, S. C. Saltonstall the sentiments which you have so lav­ The question is on the engrossment Bushfield Knowland Smith ishly expressed to me. It would be trite of the amendment, and the third reading Capehart La Follette Taft Connally Lucas Thomas, Utah for me to attempt to express in words of the bill. - Cordon McCarran Tobey my gratitude to you, and I need not say The amendment was ordered to be en­ Donnell McClellan Tunnell that it tears my heartstrings to leave the grossed, and the bill to be read a third Downey McFarland Tydings Eastland McKellar Vandenberg Senate of the United States. There are time. Ellender McMahon Wagner at least 95 golden threads which will al­ The bill was read the third time. Ferguson Magnuson Wheeler ways be pulling me toward the very dear The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Fulbright Maybank White George Mead Wiley friends with whom I have had the honor question is, Shall tJ:le bill pass? Green Millikin Wilson to associate in this great deliberative Mr. GURNEY. I ask for the yeas and Guffey Mitchell body. nays. NAY8-9 I need not say that my life is enriched The yeas and nays were ordered, and Capper Revercomb Thomas, Okla. by these expressions from you of your the legislative clerk proceeded to call Langer Shipstead Walsh confidence in me, and as this opportunity the roll. Moore Stewart Wherry comes to me to serve further a cause to Mr. BUTLER (when his name was NOT VOTING-19 which I have been entirely devoted, you called). On this vote I have a pair with Bailey Chavez Radcliffe give me strength. I am sure Y0'\1 in­ the senior Senator from Alabama [Mr. Bankhead Gerry Stanfill crease whatever power I may have by way Bilbo Gossett Taylor BANKHEAD]. Not knowing how he would Brewster Hatch Willis of persuasion, or leadership perhaps, to vote on this question, I withhold my Butler Kilgore Young help in the attainment of such a condi­ vote. Byrd Morse tion in the world that peace will prevail Mr. BURCH (when Mr. BYRD's name Carville Murray because of the interest of all the great was called). The senior Senator from So the bill