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16 pages of nonfiction BALTIC book reviews! WA quarterly scholarly O journal and R news magazine. L A Dpr. 2009. Vol S II:1 SLAVA GEROVITCH From the Centre for Baltic and East European Studies (CBEES) Södertörn University, Stockholm The cybernetics scare and the origins of DIVING FOR the Internet HISTORY ANDRÁS BOZÓKI Scientists explore the world’s best Preparing for sea for marine archaeology the revolution RAGNI SVENSSON features ANNA DANIELSSON: BRAIN-DRAIN OR BRAIN-GAIN? ARNE BENGTSSON: BRIDGE OVER THE RIVER NARVA 2short takes The Russian victory over the Swedes in the battle of Poltava left its stamp on a warship, which in turn, left its mark on a Soviet stamp in 1971. Recasting From the Concerning language the peaceful Swedish and illustrations revolution Enlightenment A CONFERENCE on the § 7. The vitality and societal events leading strength of civic free- to the dismantling of dom thus consists in the Iron Curtain and its particular of limited aftermath in Central and government and WRETMAN Eastern Europe will be unlimited freedom of held at the Centre for expression [...]. arvid A chaotic century : Baltic and East European Studies (CBEES), Octo- DURING THE 17TH century, Denmark § 8. Freedom of expres- ber 22-24, 2009. abdicated as the leading Baltic Sea sion lifts the sciences The aim is to gather power, and in the early part of the 18th to their apex, sets illustration scholars who are en- century, it was Sweden’s turn. Two aside all pernicious gaged in researching the other major powers emerged in their constitutions, reigns peaceful revolutions that place: Prussia and Russia. England in all the injustices of BALTIC WORLDS includes received several rewards for his draw- ended the Cold War – also began wanting to play a role in public officials, and is scientific articles (schol- ings, most recently at the beginning of the events in themselves, the game. The power struggle for the the most secure arly essays) as well as this year when he won the Press Car- the social, political and Baltic Sea escalated. After its defeat in defense in a free qualified news material toon Europe’s Grand Prix of 10.000 €. cultural changes which the Great Northern War (1700–1721), realm. It makes such (features) from prominent Ragni Svensson and Adam led to the transition into the Swedish Empire, in the space of a way of governing journalists. Ulveson belong to the artists’ collec- different types of market less than a hundred years, fought three dear to the entire In the present issue, tive Detroit (Stockholm). ≈ democracies, and the more times against the Russians. The populace. we have ventured to long-term effects of the Seven Years’ War (1756–1763) on Ger- include an essay in Ger- change. The confer- man soil was also part of this political man – once the lingua ence will focus on three contest, engaged in with weapons. From the tractatus Tankar franca of the Baltic themes: The paths to In a new book, Professor Nils Erik om borgliga friheten area – written by Jens corrections the soft revolutions; the Forsgård, who works in Helsinki [Thoughts on Civic Free- E. Olesen, professor at IN BW 1:1, a couple of errors memories of ‘89, and and Berlin, sketches a chaotic cen- dom] (1759), by Linnaeus one of the Baltic area’s occurred. Palanga, where the former the legacies of the 1989 tury which, for him, stretches into the disciple Peter Forsskål, ancient universities and a Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev owned events. Attendance at 1800s, until the Vienna Congress in which in 2009 is being member of BW’s editorial a house, is located in Lithuania, not in the conference is free of 1814. During that time, power alliances published in English for advisory board. Latvia (p. 9). And the titular population charge. shift, Denmark and Sweden cease to the first time. His contribution, which of Kazakhstan is, naturally, the Updated information be sworn enemies, and the Kingdom is about Swedish Pom- Kazakhs, not the Cossacks (p. 21). will be given at of Poland ceases to exist. Sweden’s merania, has been illus- www.sh.se/conf89. ≈ traditional friendship with France ends trated by Arvid Wret- with the Revolution and Napoleon. In man, a young Swedish Maktbalans och stormaktskrig 1722– artist who, after spend- 1814 [Balance of Power and Wars ing a year in Berlin, will between Great Powers, 1722–1814] resume his studies at the (Schildts and Militärhistoriska förlaget Royal Academy of Fine 2008), Forsgård brought together sev- Arts in Stockholm this eral prominent historians as co-authors, fall. His two illustrations among them Jan Glete, Matti Klinge, uses Sweden’s national Rainer Knapas, Janis Kreslins, and coat of arms and the Jonas Nordin. coat of arms of the Holy Forsgård’s previous book is reviewed Roman Empire. in this issue of BW by Martin Hård- Peter Handberg’s stedt (p. 56). ≈ essay on Wagner in Riga carries an original illustration done by Riber Hansson. Hansson has BALTIC editorial 3 W O R L D S In a Phase of Sponsored by the Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies Reinterpretation 16 pages of nonfiction BALTIC book reviews! contents WORLDS D L R O W A quarterly scholarly journal and news magazine. Apr. 2009. Vol. 2:I SL A V A GEROVIT CH From the Centre for Baltic and East European Studies (CBEES) Södertörn University, Stockholm The cybernetics scare and the origins of D I V I N G F O R the internet essays HISTORY AN D R Á S BOZÓKI Scientists explore the world’s best Preparing for sea for marine archaeology the revolution 22 Die Brücke nach Europa The cybernetics scare and f e a t u r e s ANNA DANIELSSON: BRAIN-DRAIN OR BRAIN-GAIN? ARNE BENGTSSON: BRIDGE OVER THE RIVER NARVA 32 the origins of the Internet ulveson Editor-in-chief Hungarian dissident Anders Björnsson 40 intellectuals before 1989 ADAM : Editorial advisory board Rebecka Lettevall, features Board Chair, CBEES. Sari Autio–Sarasmo, 12 Bridge over the Narva River illustration Aleksanteri Institute. Ole Elgström, Lund 16 Brain-drain or brain-gain? eography is a constantly changing land- a brilliant historian of ideas, reminds University. Michael scape. It expands, and it retreats. North us of the role of academic knowledge in Gilek, CBEES. reviews and South, East and West, depend on one’s this process. “Die Wissenschaften ha- Ann-Cathrine Jungar, G point of view, understood both literally and ben entscheidenden Anteil an der Um- CBEES. Anu-Mai Köll, Robert Conquest and Soviet figuratively, and that point of view is largely historically deutung des Nordens,” she writes. In Director, CBEES. Thomas 47 Studies determined. Time and space interact in an intricate the same way that the world of science Lundén, CBEES. way. was fragmented by increasing speciali- Jens E. Olesen, 51 Russian intellectuals The notion of the Nordic region — or, as it’s called zation, the Nordic region, or Northern University of Greifswald. in most Germanic languages (though not in English): Europe, was also broken apart along Editorial staff Four books on the Baltic “The North” — has undergone profound metamorp- national preferences during the 19th In this issue: Sten Dahl- 53 states hoses. From having meant the part of Western Chris- century, the Century of Nations. stedt, Brian Manning tendom north of the Alps, it more recently has come But must the process run in one Delaney, Torbjörn Eng, In search of the non-Soviet to have a narrower scope, covering the Scandinavian direction only? What has been shatte- Unn Gustafsson, Bosse 57 person countries plus Finland and Iceland. But there was a red can perhaps be put back together. Holmqvist, Sven E. O. period in between, with the penetration of Russia to This was an idea that was born with the Hort, Madeleine Hurd, story the Baltic Sea, when Europe — which was what the system collapse in Russia and Eastern Bengt Jacobsson, Christian nations preferred to call themselves after Europe around 1990. At that time, “the Henrik Klackenberg, 28 Wagner in Riga 1700 — was extended eastward, and thus it became North” began once again to grow over Antje Wischmann, Hans entirely natural to see the Russian Empire, whose ru- the Baltic Sea and “Baltic” came to Wolf. misc. ling class had acquired a taste for the West, as a Nordic mean more than just the Baltic repu- Design kingdom. blics. As early as 1952 — or still in 1952? Lars Rodvaldr, Gender and binge drinking For the German historian Leopold von Ranke, — the Finnish diplomat and essayist, Art Director, Oktavilla. 11 in Russia Charles XII and Peter the Great were both “Nordic Lorenz von Numers, could speak of St. Lena Fredriksson, heroes”. Petersburg as the most Baltic of cities. Oktavilla 21 Parland in Lithuania But during Ranke’s own time, the 19th century, What is clear is that such shifts and Illustrators with its powerful national mobilizations, the border reinterpretations are not least the result Riber Hansson The next issue of BW is scheduled between East and West, between the Germanic and of the toils and reflections of intellec- Ragni Svensson to be published on October 1, 2009, Slavonic, came to be more important than the old tuals. Geopolitics is not only — or even Adam Ulveson and thereafter will become a quarterly border, between North and South. At the time, “the primarily — shaped by politicians but by Arvid Wretman publication. North” also shrank from the direction of the south, people who recognize the need for geo- because the Germans very much wanted to become graphy and landscape to be compatible. BW welcomes commentary and a power to reckon with while neighboring peoples Today, the point of view, or rather the critique.