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Home , Bebe and Louis Barron, Charles Dodge (composer), Daphne Oram, EMS Synthi AKS, Gershon Kingsley, Hugh Le Caine

INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONIC LISTENING LISTS

LISTENING CHAPTER 1 p. 28 before 1945 1. Risveglio dii una citta (1913) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pSuqDExaopg Mechanical noise-intoners 2. Corale (1921) Luigi Russolo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1WtCCunp6Bw Mechanical noise-intoners and 3. Valse sentimentale (Tchaikovsky) (1977) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEl4zCQBv2c 4. Ecuatorial (1933) Edgard Varese http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uxkU9vd1AEg , small orchestra, organ, and two Ondes Martenots 3:25 5. Langsames Stuck und Rondo fur (1935) Paul Hindemith http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lxUNdboFhGA Trautonium played by Oskar Sala 6. Oraison (1937) Olivier Messaien http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WRJmJzWibzA and orchestra 7. Imaginary Landscape No. 1 (1939) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GLDxqnksY80 Radios and turntables playing test 8. Spellbound (1944) by Miklos Rozsa http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3AK2qr9SkM (1:25) Musical for the film, featuring Dr. Samuel J. Hoffman on Theremin 9. Fantasia for Theremin, Oboe, String Quartet and (1944) Bohuslav Martinu http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R2XGkZXu4YA (Can see playing) 10. Turangalila-Symphonie (1946-48) by Olivier Messaien Ondes Martenot and orchestra http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8PjyCpRKDrk (22:53) LISTENING CHAPTER 2 p. 47 Trickaufnahmen (same as CD) Paul Hindemith http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whLDHei8pC0 p.60 early electronic music in 1. Etudes de bruits (1948) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N9pOq8u6-bA (Chemins de fer) Railway http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t--K9kpEwY0 (Pathetique) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4jarTLD7aEw (Violette) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HgiNq0bdkKg (Aux allures) musique concrete w/turntables 2. Symphonie pour un homme seul (complete & w/film) and Pierre Schaeffer Waltz (on CD) 3:31 discussed on p. 56, briefly p. 470 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V8dCdQ3iTrc Musique concrete w/ (Paris) 3. Klangstudie II (Tchaikovsky) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HTSed3Ybzhg Early elektronische Musik using magnet tape (Cologne) interesting form & sounds 4. (1953) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vmiqds2mZV4 seems random, but timbres from additive with sine waves (Cologne) 5. Glissandi (1955) Gyorgy Ligeti http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TcHH8lRtgBg nothing notable Produced in Cologne 6. (1957) (on CD) on p. 67 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_D8CF7VAY4 (Starts at 6:30) interesting timbres and gestures, disjunct . Strange piece because assembled before listening. at 12:00 Produced in Milan 7. (1957) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bGZyn4UiB6c Produced in Paris 8. Thema—Omaggio a Joyce (1958) (on CD) Luciano Berio p. 80, discussed briefly p. 469 In Chadabe, pp. 49-50. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-uIvzVgk16c Early text-composition piece (Milan) 9. Whirling (1958) Tom Dissevelt http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rMIazI2fiqA interesting—sounds more modern Early electronic (Utrecht) 10. (1959-60) Karlheinz Stockhausen http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K0h0ApJAeSg Cologne 11. Variations for a Door and a Sigh Pierre Henry Quite a good piece! **** http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dud4D6PeHqQ musique concrete p. 72 Studie II (on CD) (1958) Karl Stockhausen http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WDyjuVwWv0M p. 81 Duodeno normale (on CD) (1970) Teresa Rampazzi p. 84 Four Aspects (on CD) (1960) Daphne Oram http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-42hkAfkkvs LISTENING CHAPTER 3 p. 110 Early electronic music in the US 1. Heavenly Menagerie (1950) Louis and Bebe Barron Early tape composition (NY) 2. (1952) (on CD) John Cage p. 105, discussed briefly p. 469 Discussed in Chadabe, pp. 55-57 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T6pgklMAgIA Produced in Barrons’ studio (NY) 3. Fantasy in Space (1952) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pZc6KFJiKU0 Produced at the Columbia Tape Music Center (NY) 4. Sonic Contours (1952) , briefly discussed p. 471 Produced at the Columbia Tape Music Center (NY) 5. Intersection (1953) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WnaQDY2oV5o Produced in Barrons’ studio (NY) 6. A Poem in Cycles and Bells (1954) Luening and Ussachevsky http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HUO-O12Omuc (Similar but different piece) One of the first works for tape and live orchestra (NY) 7. : (movement on CD) (1956) p. 101 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IbFAXhPlZMw http://www.youtube.com/channel/HCHB8ccDpWw_E (Scenes) Soundtrack for the motion picture of the same name (NY) 8. Linear Contrasts (1958) (on CD) Vladimir Ussachevsky p. 115 Early tape work using the RCA Music (NY) 9. Stereo Electronic Music No. 1 (1960) Bulent Arel http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EpBPh6OU3zE An RCA synthesizer piece by Turkish Arel (NY) 10. Music from the Venezia Space Theater (1964) Representative of the electronic music produced by Gordon Mumma and for Milton Cohen’s Space Theater (Ann Arbor)

11. Ensembles for (1962-64) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W5n1pZn4izI RCA synthesizer with total Discussed in Pellman, pp. 350–51 p. 123 Postlude from Music for a Sacred Service (1961) (on CD) Bulent Arel Tape composition with oscillators, shifter, filters LISTENING CHAPTER 4 1. Toraware no Onna (Imprisoned Woman) Kuniharu Akiyama The first work of tape music completed in 2. Les Oeuvres pour musique concrete x, y, z (1953) Toshiro Mayuzumi The first piece of Japanese tape music broadcast over the radio in Japan 3. Another World (1953) Joji Yuasa Tape music and accompanying slide projection (performed live in 1955) 4. Studio I: Music for Sine Wave by Proportion of Prime Number (1955) Toshiro Mayuzumi Produced at the electronic music studio of NHK () 5. Musique Concrete for Stereophonics Broadcast (1955) Minao Shibata The first stereo tape piece completed at the NHK studio (Tokyo) 6. Relief Statique (1956) Toru Takemitsu Completed at Sony studios of Jikken Kobo 7. Shichi no Variation (7 Variations) (1956) Makato Moroi and Toshiro Mayuzumi Completed at the NHK studio 8. Otoko no shi (Death of a Man) Toru Takemitsu Completed at the NHK studio 9. Sky, Horse, Death (1958) Toru Takemitsu Completed at the Sony studios of Jikken Kobo 10. Ondine (1959) Akira Miyoshi Electronic music to accompany a stage production LISTENING CHAPTER 5 p. 161 Classic tape composition techniques 1. Intersection (1953) Morton Feldman http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WnaQDY2oV5o Feldman used leader tape to add patches of silence required by his piece 2. I Am Sitting in a Room (1969) , discussed briefly p. 470 Discussed briefly in Chadabe, pp. 73-74 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sCgicEWD1Nc An experiment in the degeneration of magnetic tape sounds 3. (1975) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7-Vq4pmzMaE Used tape with multiple tape recorders 4. Invention in Twelve Tones (1952) Otto Luening http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NLogu0wv-rg Used tape echo 5. Beautiful Soop (1967) Used multiple tape echo signals 6. Le bien tempere (1950-52) Pierre Henry http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4QTUBMUSVjE Used reverberation 7. Music for the Gift (1963) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a82w6B5mh-Y One of the first uses of tape delay with multiple tape recorders 8. I of IV (excerpt on CD) (1966) by Pauline Oliveros p. 167, briefly p. 470 Combined multiple tape delay system with the gradual degeneration of audio 9. Cinq etudes de bruits: Etude violette (1948) Pierre Schaeffer http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4jarTLD7aEw (Violette) Early application of backwards sounds using a turntable 10. Glissandi (1957) Gyorgy Ligeti http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TcHH8lRtgBg Extensive use of tape speed variation and backwards sounds LISTENING CHAPTER 6 1. The Expression of Zaar (alt. Title Wire Recorder Piece, 1944) Halim El-Dabh http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_kbNSdRvgo Middle East Radio, Cairo, composed using a magnetic wire recorder 2. Dripsody (1955) , discussed briefly p. 469 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zvHSvSBwFYM *** interesting *** Using Le Caine’s Special Purpose with a water drop 3. Folge von 4 Studien (1959-62) Josef Anton Riedl http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i8xTRTZeKdE at 5:56 Siemens Studio fur Elektronische Musik 4. Electronic Study No. 1 (1960) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BWMREHOsoKg Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center 5. Leiyla and the Poet (1961) Halim El-Dabh Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center 6. Antithese (1962) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhtHavs1hF0 uck. Siemens Studio fur Elektronische Musik 7. Ensembles for Synthesizer (1961-63) Milton Babbitt, discussed briefly p. 468 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W5n1pZn4izI (Serial) Using RCA Mark II Electronic Music Synthesizer 8. Space Mystery (1963) Using Scott’s Electronium 9. I of IV (1966) Pauline Oliveros Produced at the Electronic Music Studio using Hugh Le Caine’s system. Briefly discussed in Chadabe, pp. 77-78 10. Time’s Encomium (1968-69) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CKq8DkBk_GA Using RCA Mark II Electronic Music Synthesizer LISTENING CHAPTER 7 p. 224 Analog synthesis and sound modification 1. Cartridge Music (1960) John Cage http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3aKT2kDJSng A work for amplified small sounds that used phono cartridges as contact 2. The Wolfman (1964) Robert Ashley http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRtSX59vSGg Acoustic feedback was used as the primary source of audio material for this work 3. Safari: Eine kleine Klangfarbenmelodie (1964) Hugh Le Caine Used extensive additive synthesis and texturing by means of the Sonde, an instrument equipped with 200 closely tuned sine tones. 4. It’s Going to Rain (1965) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yk42M2L-VC8 Tape piece experiment with tape loops and phrasing of vocal passages 5. Pendulum Music (1968) Steve Reich http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oGQa1_pBQzE (Nice video) Used acoustic feedback 6. Cambrian Sea (1968) Peter Klausmeyer Extensive use of modulated white noise and a Moog voltage-controlled envelope/amplitude generator 7. Ambience (1968) Richard Allan Robinson Transformed electroacoustic sounds using voltage-controlled , filters, and additive synthesis 8. “I Want You (She’s So Heavy)” (1969) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mW6G3nh5S3I John Lennon added a modulated sequence of Moog-generated white noise to the last part of the , providing a sound like that of relentlessly blowing wind. 9. Toneburst (1975) Used feedback circuits 10. Repeat (1999) Toshimaru Nakamura Used feedback circuits via the composer’s “no-input mixing board” LISTENING CHAPTER 8 p.248 Early Moog recordings (Before 1970) 1. Zodiac Cosmic Sounds (Elektra, 1967) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ro5mjcskst4 (Whole ) provided Moog sounds 2. Psychedelic Percussion (Dunhill, 1967) Paul Beaver provided Moog and other electronic treatments for this jazzy percussion album by drummer Blaine 3. Stones (Uni, 1967) Emil Richards New Sound Element http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TcRbeKbsmxA (Garnet) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k23tcy1FpZk (Sardonyx) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E_lDQM8w-KU (Ruby) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13QKmJE1stk (Emerald) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fc9xE8JHcEU (Opal) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tlOwtdb4lwE (Amethyst) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0x7o_oP7I8k (Moonstone) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7TWXMDZmhSg (Diamond) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oliL45ztc2o (Topaz) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V8OIATNPZJY (Turquoise) Paul Beaver played Moog and Clavinet on this album by -pap mallet player Richards, who also contributed some synthesizer sounds 4. The Notorious Byrd Brothers (columbia, 1968) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VZsZ1xifFBQ Producer Gary Usher was acknowledged for having included the Moog in this rock album; tracks including Moog sounds: Space Odyssey, Goin Back (played by Paul Beaver), Natural , and unreleased track Moog Raga 5. Pisces, Aquarius, Capricorn and Jones Ltd. (Colgems, 1967) Monkees http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=muYvFw28kQw Moog effects provided by of and Paul Beaver 6. Kaleidoscopic Vibrations (Vanguard, 1967) Perry-Kingsley The first Moog album by this duo known for their electro-pop 7. Switched-On Bach (Columbia, 1968) , discussed briefly p. 469 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C9ly8iJ8NIs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XJo5q-SbvT0 The most celebrated Moog album of all time and still a classic 8. Moog Rock (Calendar, 1968) Les Baxter http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dwz2aPL0sdo Les Baxter was the first crossover band leader from the easy-listening genre to adopt the Moog; Paul Beaver played the Moog on this disc 9. Moogie Woogie (Chess, 1969) The Zeet Band http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I7cTnNqXGyI Electronic and blues by an ensemble including Paul Beaver, Erwin Helfer, Mark Naftalin, “Fastfingers” Finkelstein, and Normon Dayron 10. The Blue Marble (Together, 1969) by Sagittarius www.youtube.com/watch?v=D97CA-xs_04 This was a studio group headed by Gary Usher, producer of The Byrds, who used the Moog extensively on this rock album p. 257 Other early synthesizer recordings (Pre-, not Moog) HAVEN’t LOOKED UP YEt 1. Alien Bog (1967) Pauline Oliveros Used prototype Buchla 100 at Mills College 2. Silver Apples of the Moon (LP, 1967) , discussed briefly p. 471 Used Buchla 100 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EelvKqhu1M4 3. Piece for Synket and Symphony Orchestra (Turnabout, 1968) Used the Synket, an Italian-made of which only six may have been made 4. Entropical Paradise (Seraphim, 1970) Douglas Leedy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h6dnj6nRjjM Six “sonic environments” using the Buchla Modular electronic Music System and Moog Modular Synthesizer 5. Space Experience (LP, 1972) John Keating http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vHMf-IWVS3Q (Studio 2 Stereo track, beat at 1:00) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHX-4FjadUo (I hear the Earth move, beat at 1:00) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tdATQX6vf1M (Jesus Christ Superstar, music at 0:45) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jM_V5RTkKrs (Prelude to Earthrise) Used EMS Synthi VCS3 6. The Eden Electronic Ensemble Plays Joplin (LP, 1974) the Eden Electronic Ensemble Used EMS Synthi AKS and 7. Beyond the Sun (LP, 1976) Used Eu Polyphonic Synthesizer 8. Oxygene (1977) Jean Michel Jarre http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVY_17d1KkM Used ARP Odyssey, EMS Synthi AKS and Synthi VCS3, RMI Hamronic Synthesizer 9. Kosmos (LP, 1978) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BT5x7wYN0tM Used Roland System 700, Roland Strings RS-202, Roland Revo 30, in addition to Moog Modular III, Moog System 55, and Polymoog 10. The Ethereal Time Shadow (1981-82) Terry Riley Used two Prophet V synthesizers tuned to and employing sequencing

LISTENING CHAPTER 9 p. 274 Numerology (1960) (on CD) Matthews p. 282 Early 1. The for String Quartet (1957) Lejaren Hiller and Leonard Isaacson www.youtube.com/watch?v=n0njBFLQSk8 mvmt 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MrN0pOnA1x4 mvmt 2 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cuq4smO_4Js mvmt 3 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QyqiSbbwHIs mvmt 4 Computer-assisted composition at the University of Illinois (See discussion http://www.musicainformatica.org/topics/illiac_suite.php ) 2. Five Stochastic Studies (1961) James Tenney Used direct synthesis at 3. Metastasis (1964) Iannis Xenakis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SZazYFchLRI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=97ru68oJ9P4 (Just part of the score in detail) Computer-assisted composition 4. HPSCHD (1967-69) John Cage and Lejaren Hiller http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KD_rxfP-blM (Part 1) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yhJFiYgmyn0 (Part 2) Computer-assisted composing and sound control 5. Turenas (1972) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kSbTOB5ft5c Used FM synthesis at 6. Love in the Asylum (1981) Michael McNabb Realized at Stanford University using the Systems Concepts and mainframe computer 7. (1982) Wendy Carlos http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ipdPAw_EdO0 (Opening) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZhAsYcW4D8 (Ending) Used the Crumar GDS digital synthesizer 8. Two Melodramas for (1983) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ikHtUq48rWE (Demonstration of Synclavier, but not piece) Used the Synclavier II digital music synthesizer 9. (1984) Jean-Michel Jarre **** http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wbg_7CHb97M (At 7:00 more pop sound with a beat) Used the Fairlight CMI 10. Metropolitan Suite (1987) Larry Fast http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8_tig-M1pE part A http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SvXPdtw_b0E part B **** http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZLG5BXFtBZg part C Used the E-mu Emulator, Yamaha DX-7, and other instruments p. 286 Spectral music 1. (1970) Karlheinz Stockhausen http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U3Krl_hRoms Two were processed through ring modulators to produce new frequential material. An early precursor to spectral or frequentially composed music. Stockhause’s Stimmung (1972) can also be seen as an early precursor to frequentially based music. 2. Partiels (1975) Gerard Grisey http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hB8UiPc2FwY (Excerpt) An exploration of the natural for 18 musicians based on the study of sonograms of a trombone. 3. Modulations for Orchestra (1976-77) Gerard Grisey http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rK6O5gMQQg0 Another key work in the spectral canon that explores the timbral differences between harmonic and non-harmonic (noise) textures. 4. Mortuous Plango, Vivos Voco (1980) Jonathan Harvey http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TxEGPIEraFA FFT analysis and re-synthesis of timbres derived from samples of his son, who was a chorister at Winchester cathedral, and the largest of the cathedral bells. Created at IRCAM. 5. Gondwana (1980) Murail http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=utQAXK15ZGM An exploration of inharmonic spectra. Data were also mapped to the interpolation of amplitude envelopes and duration curves. 6. Lonely Child (1980) Claude Vivier http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KhDjUzapdgg An early frequential work for soprano and orchestra based on a single tone and its sum and difference pitches. 7. Desintegrations (1982) Tristan Murail http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HRuxHVWfQtA (Part 1 of 3, see playlist) Using spectral analysis to create both harmony and timbre. 8. NoaNoa (1991) Kaija Saariaho http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wWlXPrCM8bQ For flute an interactive electronics created at IRCAM 9. Engine (1996) Magnus Lindberg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yKJgTqRWsKg (Part 1) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XJXTwGbAjVA (Part 2) This work employs a complex computer-generated counterpoint. 10. Speakings (2008) Jonathan Harvey http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6UJ2RXIEXa4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=muuNTBFSzzc (Composer’s explanation of piece) Composition for large orchestra and electronics based on speech analysis to make the orchestra “speak”; employed the IRCAM software Orchidee to suggest possible ideas. LISTENING CHAPTER 10 p. 301 Early Music from Microprocessors 1. Figure in a Clearing (1977) David Behrman, discussed briefly on p. 468 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-DVdPGqcH0c A KIM-1 computer controlled harmonic changes for 33 electronic generators and accompanying cello 2. Rondo from Sonata in B flat for Clarinet and Piano (Wanhal), realized in 1979 by Dorothy Siegel Created using an Altair S-100 microcomputer 3. Artificial Intelligence (1980) Larry Fast Music generated by a microcomputer self-composing program 4. A Harmonic Algorithm (1981) Created on an Apple II computer with Mountain Hardware oscillator boards 5. Little Spiders (1982) Nicola Collins For two microcomputers equipped with gestural sensing programs, which generated sounds based on analysis of keystrokes 6. Than Particle (1985) Gordon Mumma For computer percussion and a percussionist 7. And the Butterflies Begin to Sing (1988) Morton Subotnick For string quartet, bass, MIDI keyboard, and microcomputer 8. Dovetail (1989) John Bischoff, Mark Trayle, Tim Perkis Three microcomputer programs interact and respond to each other in real time 9. Wax Lips (1992) Tim Perkis performed by The Hub, an electronic music ensemble networked by a microcomputer http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qYQoImA1YlA (Different piece but same idea) 10. Changgo Permutations (1993) Jin Hi Kim Early Max implementation p. 315 Physical Modeling and Interactive Music 1. Speech Songs (1980) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIwCaVG_x1g (Interesting) **** NICE **** Early work based on speech synthesis 2. Idle Chatter series (1980s) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKMmwq1Iy_8 (Idle chatter) Good example of what we’ll do***** musique concrete with looping http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fh1rIBOGSPA (More idle chatter) Speech analysis synthesis (LPC-linear predictive coding) and 3. Silicon Valley Breakdown (1982) David Jaffe Discussion of Jaffee SiliconValley Breakdown in Pellman, pp. 308-309 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOeCYJwFAFc Symphony of physically modeled plucked string instruments (Strong, Karplus, Jaffe, Smith), using subtractive synthesis. created at the Center for Computer Research inMusic and , Stanford University 4. Rough Raga Riffs (1991) Brad Garton Physically modeled (Charlie Sullivan’s version of the Karplus-Strong algorithm) and style- modeled using LISP on the NeXT computer 5. Still Time (1994) Paul Lansky Uses Perry Cook’s physical waveguide model of the slide flute on a NeXT computer p.315 Key interactive/Performance Arts Works 6. The Hands (1984-86) Michel Waivisz http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIfumZa2TKY Live performance using interactive, gestural hand controllers 7. Jupiter (1985-86) Phillipe Manourey http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fXpfXQczowo A work for interactive flute and scored using a Max patch programmed by 8. Voyager (1986-88) George Lewis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BjUezEW3drA Using software that allows instruments to listen and respond to performers. This work ask the question “What is an instrument—what is a player?” 9. Trois etudes en duo pour piano acoustique interactif (2008) Jean-Claude Risset http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3zBzardEmyQ The playing of a “live” pianist is transformed and reflected in real time on the same instrument, a Yamaha Disklavier 10. Fashionably Late for the Relationship (2008) . Luke DuBois http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=peg7LnQns7g (Short version, people might like it) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8lp7oNHUhRg (Part 1) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vpZVjjdHqxs (Part 2) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AhYvPfM_of8 (Part 3) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzK48TKsWD8 (Part 4) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQ-SilqpPH0 (Part 5) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bDBz3xDYo1A (Part 6) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vsrhKX2xPn8 (Part 7) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6aJuYlctjRY (Part 8) A feature-length video work that digitally compresses all 72 hours of a continuous street performance by Lian Amaris. The film is an edit of a multi-channel HD shoot of a three-day outdoor performance, accelerated at 60 speed, in which a woman prepared for a night out on the town in slow motion. Created with Max/MSP/Jitter. LISTENING CHAPTER 11 p.338 Early Computer Synthesis 1. Numerology (1960) (on CD) pg. 274 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hVmbthBYFaw Direct computer synthesis using an IBM 7090 mainframe computer and the MUSIC III programming . 2. Analog #1: Noise Study (1961) James Tenney http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fe4UlyQAgcc Used direct synthesis and filtering of noise bands at Bell Labs’ facilities 3. Computer Cantata (1963) Lejaren Hiller http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=85fvyWJFq20 Direct computer synthesis using an IBM 7094 mainframe computer and the MUSICOMP programming language 4. Mutations I (1969) Jean-Claude Risset http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jWEf97Z7cVI Used modulation 5. The Earth’s Magnetic Field (1970) Charles Dodge http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j5MHsnc67yw Used an IBM mainframe computer and the MUSIC 4BF programming language to convert geophysical data regarding the Earth’s magnetic field into music 6. Appalachian Grove I (1974) Laurie Spiegel ******* http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OhpjHB4076g (Different piece but same technique) Used the GROOVE program at Bell Labs 7. Prototype (1975) Used granular sythesis 8. Stria (1977) (on CD) John Chowning in book p. 280, briefly on p. 469 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=988jPjs1gao Used the composer’s patented FM syntheseis algorithms 9. Chreode (1983) Jean-Baptiste Barriere Granular synthesis using the Chant program at IRCAM. Computer-controlled organization of material—a grammar of musical professes prepared with IRCAM’s Formes software. 10. Riverrun (1986) Barry Truax http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X7FoPo-kyoM Composed using only granulated sample sound, using Truax’s real-time PODX system. LISTENING CHAPTER 12 p. 377 Experimental Electronic Music 1. Antiphonie (1953) Pierre Henry http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0_rUeLjwvw Early serial tape composition 2. Poeme electronique (1958) (on CD) Edgard Varese on p. 360, briefly p. 471 Discussion of Varese Poem electronique in Pellman, pp. 329-32 Discussed in Chadabe, pp. 61-62 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D7AIiTeKBUc Classic tape composition using montage 3. Concret PH (1958) Iannis Xenakis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XsOyxFybxPY Modified and amplified small sounds 4. Sound Patterns (1961) Pauline Oliveros For voices and electronic modification on tape 5. White Cockatoo (1966) Ilhan Mimaroglu Tape composition using abstract sounds applied to sonata form 6. (1966) Karlheinz Stockhausen http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jcwLDxlNKdU Tape composition using world music recordings; also had a component for live performance 7. : Region III (opening) (on CD) (1966-67) Karlheinz Stockhausen p. 372,471 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o0aeagbZBRs 8. Bird Cage (1972) John Cage *** http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aq6BrQrCajY Tape composition using chance operations 9. Points (1973-74) Synthesis using sine tones 10. Resonate (noise) (2006) Matt Rogalsky Computer music

Add this to the list: Ligeti described on pp. 368–71 (best known electronic music work): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=71hNl_skTZQ Ligeti Atmospheres (orchestral work influenced by electronic music, sounds like spectral music) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fXh07JJeA28 Listen to Stockhausen Gesang (listed at end) Listen to Hymnen (in listening list already) Listen to Mixture http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sAxyu2jOug Listen to Mikrophone http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BfRknDawEEg p. 381 with Electronics 1. Improvisation precedee et suive de ses variations (1954) Paul Arma For orchestra and tape recorder playing in reverse 2. Deserts (1954) Edgard Varese, briefly discussed p. 471 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lBS77JGlgFA Early combination of live orchestra with magnetic tape 3. Synchronisms No. 3 (1964) Mario Davidovsky http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tVuuflFzix4 Live instruments with tape accompaniment 4. Lamination (1965) Morton Subotnick Live orchestra with tape 5. Animus III (1971) Jacob Druckman http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pmWkqz8yHc0 For clarinet and tape 6. A Clockwork Orange (1971) Wendy Carlos http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HI-mDTdeKR8 (Intro Purcell’s Funeral for Queen Mary) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0MCnnfXPSHw (Ode to Joy) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixzhWGIn55k (March from Sym 9) Early analog synthesis of orchestral and sounds 7. The Bermuda Triangle (1979) Isao Tomita http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GQAXC3DEdfM (Nice excerpt) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HJx6FfL5jNk (Side 1) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fQk30uP9Ut0 (Side 2) Analog electronic orchestration 8. Digital Moonscapes (1984) Wendy Carlos Fully digital orchestration 9. Superior Seven (1988) Robert Ashley Live instruments with MIDI instrument accompaniment 10. Adagio for Strings by Samuel Barber realized by William Orbit (2000) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BhIrLMATV-4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VIbIHxKh9bk (Interesting with beat) Electronic realization of orchestral work 11. Into the Circle of the Sacred (1997) Bonnie Miksch http://performance.profcouch.us/CircleOfTheSacred. *** DO this with form *** http://youtu.be/meNM7lD1QWI p. 387, also briefly p. 470 Come Out (excerpt) (1966) (on CD) Steve Reich http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uGDo1YN_q3c Tape composition using a phasing process p. 391 Minimalist and Process Music with Electronics 1. The Tortoise, His Dreams and Journeys (1964) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5mgRTn4bMg Boring! Early minimalist work employing electronic drones 2. Music for the Stadler Gallery (1964) Process work for four tape recorders 3. It’s Gonna Rain (1965) Steve Reich http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=anXcSl5uFig Process piece using tape loops and phasing 4. A Rainbow in Curved Air (1969) Terry Riley http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=apxuRKWmEJs (Nice visuals) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hy3W-3HPMWg (Full composition) Minimalist work for electronic organ 5. Four Organs (1970) Steve Reich http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BLR5wnnP91E Process piece for four electronic organs 6. Discreet Music (1975) Brian Eno http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7-Vq4pmzMaE Relaxing, example of something different Process piece for synthesizers 7. Figure in a Clearing (1977) David Behrman http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-DVdPGqcH0c Process piece using the KIM-1 microcomputer 8. A Harmonic Algorithm (1980) Laurie Spiegel Self-composing program running on an Apple II computer 9. Music for Piano with One of More Snare Drums (1990) Alvin Lucier Process piece for amplified piano and snare drum 10. The Sheer Frost Orchestra (1999) Marina Rosefeld http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QfCtHNSUq-c Process piece for a timed improvisational live performance LISTENING CHAPTER 13 1. Jazz et Jazz Andre Hodeir http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FzU6UShO9HU (Better) Music for big band transformed using tape-editing techniques and effects 2. Laborintus 2 (1963-65) Luciano Berio Avant-garde performance piece for narrator, voices, tape, and jazz drummer; featured a jazz-style section set against electronic music on tape http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sLJpdggL020 3. “Clusters of Galaxies” (1963) Sun Ra Real-time jazz performance patterned after musique concrete forms; a of extended sonorities and amplified small sounds, from the album Cosmic Tones for Mental Therapy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwPD-Fi-y6A (Different piece from same album) 4. Music for the Gift, part 3 (1963) Terry Riley and Chet Baker An early experiment using interactive tape delay created by Terry Riley and featuring a quartet led by Chet Baker http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lMcmMhfYkNI 5. Cricket Music (1964) Walter De Maria http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q4zRLdJB3Wc Artist and drummer De Maria played drums to a mix of cricket sounds 6. Explosions (1964) Bob James Trio http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h5RI95SIaPo improvisations set to electronic tape music provided by Gordon Mumma and Robert Ashley 7. JazzEx (excerpt) (1966) (on CD) p. 405 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R70XhXyDDuY French free jazz combined with a tape of electronic music in the style of musique concrete 8. Auto Jazz: Tragic Destiny of Lorenzo Bandini (1968) Barney Wilen French free jazz played over a field recording of a 1967 Grand Prix automobile race 9. A Few Thoughts for the Day (1969) Emergency Tape piece combining big band jazz, spoken word, and a collage of electronic sounds. Produced with composer Jon Appleton and included on the LP Head Start 10. Sing Me a Song of Songmy (1971) Ilhan Mimaroglu, featuring http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dR4nMlOQ5xY (Threnody) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rljqsxDBNpA (Interlude I & II) One of the last great works combining jazz and tape music p. 421 1. Cartridge Music (1960) John Cage http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3aKT2kDJSng 2. Greys (1963) Gordon Mumma Music from the ONCE festival 3. Music for Performer (1964-65) Alvin Lucier http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bIPU2ynqy2Y Music for amplified brainwaves 4. Variations V (1965) John Cage http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ca2iVll-N0g Live multimedia performance 5. In the Realm of Nothing Whatever (1966) AMM Live improvised music with electronics 6. Hornpipe (1967) Gordon Mumma, discussed briefly p. 470 Modified horn sounds 7. Runthrough (1967-68) David Behrman, discussed briefly p. 468 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pdhOMQ1huXk Homemade synthesizers and photocell mixers 8. Spacecraft (1970) Musica Elettronica Viva (MEV) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dzxLoCwiEy0 Analog synthesizers and amplified instruments 9. Automatic Writing (1974-79) Robert Ashley, discussed briefly p. 468 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rh_TC8j_JkE Electronics and voice 10. Contraband (2006) Ikue Mori and Zeena Parkins http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MnsKQCtqj9o (Different piece but same idea) Improvisations for laptop electronics and instruments p. 438 Ambient and 1. Sounds for a Film by Robert Watts (1968) David Behrman Electronic and environmental sounds 2. (1972) Wendy Carlos Electronic and environmental sounds 3. Ricochet (1974) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q1VTgK9wQdA Analog space music 4. World Rhythms (1975) Nature sounds mixed and edited 5. (Album 1976) Vangelis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OIl0rlR7zgU (Spiral) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2R_14q34O9k (Ballad) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l-8DMU69UH8 (3+3) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2PHMXG7WFqU (Dervish D) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tBSifq42eBM (To the unknown man) Analog space music 6. Music for Airports (Album 1978) Brian Eno, briefly discussed p. 469 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RfKcu_ze-60 Synthesizer music 7. X (1978) , briefly p. 470 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0vtE7--vetE **Shows variety** Analog space music 8. Ambient 2: The Plateaux of Mirror (Album 1980) Brian Eno and Harold Budd http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w61vMYCd-sY Relaxing Synthesizer music 9. World Receiver (Album 1996) Tetsu Inoue http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is1nOddoQ3s (Interlink) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ge7OWBJoQY (Background Story) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cA_sOjy98Lg (Health loop) World music and digital synthesis 10. Lightning Teleportation (2001) Bill Laswell http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZlvrMBxM-jE **Shows variety** Ambient dub jazz LISTENING CHAPTER 14 p. 451 Rock and Electronic Music 1. “Tomorrow Never Knows” (1966) The Beatles, discussed briefly p. 468 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7xL1ffMlzKY **Shows variety** Tape loops and Lennon’s voice fed through the rotating Leslie speaker of a 2. Ceremony (Album 1970) Spooky Tooth and Pierre Henry http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXzNWFw1btA (Prayer - Skip into middle) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eY-Q-DyusNQ (Offering) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qssa6ec7faQ (Psyche rock) Featured tape composition by the French master as part of a rock 3. Emerson, Lake, & Palmer (Album 1971) Emerson, Lake & Palmer http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LWf8GH8aP9Y (Didn’t hear the moog) Featured the Moog played by and one of the first rock hits in which a Moog was the featured solo instrument (“Lucky Man”) 4. Fragile (Album 1971) Yes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNQAMY8UlOs Featured the Moog and other electronic keyboards played by 5. Goodbye Yellow Brick Road (1973) Elton John http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U7wwZVB4yMI (But just on piano) Featured the ARP 2600 played by Dave Henschel 6. Low (Album 1977) David Bowie http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KwM3Tj1KhFA Produced by Brian Eno 7. Touch and Gone (1977) Gary Wright http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=em5RdAE8HRk Used by Polymoog, Clavinet, Oberheim, and Fender-Rhodes electronic keyboards 8. The Pleasure Principle (Album 1979) Gary Numan http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wea8ZQ0II4g (M.E.) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yC4TL5uTQFo (Metal) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=akLKrd7zlS0 (Films) Early synth-rock success using electronic keyboards without guitar 9. (Who’s Afraid Of?) The Art of Noise (Album 1984) The Art of Noise http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_W-DnHLUHM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qXNrDrdsWGI devised by Anne Dudley and Trevor Horn using the sampling capabilities of the Fairlight CMI 10. Slave to the Rhythm (1985) Grace Jones http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oTm9gDwwMZk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=72d5-xP5SnM Featured the Synclavier played and programmed by Trevor Horn p. 457 Music 1. Music Out of the Moon (Album 1948) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uj2xM-URgKo (Lunar Rhapsody, Quiet Village, Sunken City) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9c7SajZtin4 (Radar blues) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0k5ocTXRnDY (Mist of the moon) Featured the Theremin playing of Dr. Samuel Hoffmann 2. Song of the Second Moon (1957) Tom Dissevelt and Dick Raaijmakers (Kid Baltan) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b7aYz3oddJA (Psyche ) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0OlvZ7b33Es (Sonik re-entry) Tape music from the 3. Music From Outer Space (Album 1962) Frank Comstock http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6jrCZeJuhU (Galaxy) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E933RjotwQI (Out of space) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KH1mO2v1EYg (Out of this world) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3_S5w-cqTA (Journey to the stars) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q9ucd3DjUwU (On the dark side of the moon) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FjiT2UYh1gY (Stella by starlight) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZ44RZrnAPg (From another world) Featured the electro-Theremin playing of Paul Tanner 4. The In Sounds from Way Out (Album 1966) Jean-Jacques Perrey and http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3jseM1ghDtE (Visa to the stars) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=On4O7k1-6A0 (Computer in love) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XU6G6LaVbsc (Swan’s splashdown) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uGKY4gCIIEI (Barnyard in Orbit) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T1mUMbhZ8Go (Little man from Mars) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I0d1tFwGuBs (Countdown at 6) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=05sAxt8zNZI (Demonstration of the ) Tape music featuring the Ondioline 5. Amazing Electronic Pop Sounds (1968) Jean-Jacques Perrey http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P8AKP4Tw9sE (Little ships) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pOqkn9JgO8 (Video of him playing the instrument) First Moog album by Perrey 6. The Electric eclectics of Dick Hyman (Album 1969) Dick Hyman http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aVNR_d75CXE (Topless dancer) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1qX3ypouGrc (Evening thoughts) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hzp-LOsEpXc (Legend of Johnny Pot) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DKLk6FEEdfg (The Moog and Me) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W4Z2gxPjhPU (Four duets in odd meter) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I54znNAD098 (Smylonylon tapes) Moog recording 7. Exotic Moog (Album 1970) Martin Denny http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4giGc6bh61M (Love me tonight) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DUdGraBIxvY (Let go) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6VVvE7vnZl0 (A taste of honey) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57ScotVTbLI (Was it really love) Moog-heavy album by familiar easy-listening bandleader 8. Moog! (Album 1970) Claude Denjean http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6bPWJVg0HY (United we stand) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jk43cxdq0sM (Nights in white satin) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HAzRDlH_pk8 (Na Na Hey Hey Kiss Him Goodbye) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NbyS4d0DJUU (Funky 60s Psych Lounge Pop) Moog renditions of hit songs 9. Space Experience (Album 1972) John Keating http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vHMf-IWVS3Q (Unknown planet) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHX-4FjadUo (I feel the Earth move) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dpjWsPe4j28 (Space agent) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3pDEakQcpI (Sound of silence) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GNhW3ZSufWk (Jesus Christ superstar) Songs with an outer space theme, played on the EMS Sythi 10. (1973) Stan Free http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iDHrXeEItu4 (Popcorn) Moog pop tunes p. 466 Turntablism 1. Looking for the Perfect Beat (1980) Afrika Bambaataa http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2RJlYzBhLg4 Hip-hop 2. The Adventures of Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel (1981) Grandmaster Flash http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gXNzMVLqIHg Hip-hop 3. Rockit (1983) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pERrVMbsCfg Jazz funk 4. Jam-Master Jay (1984) Run DMC http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TP8zFBryUqU Rap 5. Black Stucco (1989) Christian Marclay http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gySA8jDe3lE Experimental turntablism 6. Wandering Star (1994) Portishead http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEQNAZGoZrw Alternative 7. Ha Doh (1999) DJ Krush and Toshinori Kondo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdXZq0Cg5SM Dub DJ jazz 8. Demolition (1999) Philip Jeck http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCSlJhsHIyc (Don’t hear the turntablism) Experimental turntablism 9. X-Beats (1999) DJ Total Eclipse Experimental hip-hop 10. Fragment Opera (2001) Marina Rosenfeld Experimental turntablism PIONEERING WORKS OF ELECTRONIC MUSIC p. 468 Automatic writing — in earlier playlist Ensembles for Synthesizers — in earlier playlist “Tomorrow Never Knows” — in earlier playlist Runthrough — in earlier playlist On the Other Ocean http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zcjHQQxAJlk Figure in a Clearing — in earlier playlist Thema—Omaggio a Joyce — in earlier playlist Williams Mix — in earlier playlist Switched-On Bach — in earlier playlist Stria — in earlier playlist Leiyla and the Poet (1959) Halim El-Dabh Music for Airports — in earlier playlist Dripsody — in earlier playlist World Rhythms (1975) Annea Lockwood I Am Sitting in a Room — in earlier playlist Without a Cover (1985) Christian Marclay http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iVyO9BaMvAQ Horpipe — in earlier playlist I of IV — in earlier playlist Four Aspects — in earlier playlist Come Out — in earlier playlist Symphonie pour un homme seul — in earlier playlist X — in earlier playlist The Expanding Universe (1975) Laurie Spiegel http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dYUZmsfm4Ww Gesang der Junglinge (1955-56) Karlheinz Stockhausen http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ap_A6TgVhdU (Described pp. 73-74) Discussion of Stockhausen Gesang der Junglinge in Pellman, pp. 348-49 Hymnen — in earlier playlist Silver Apples of the Moon — in earlier playlist Rainforest IV (1973) David Tudor http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1NJBaP_Dh8 Sonic Contours (1952) Vladimir Ussachevsky Deserts — in earlier playlist Poeme electronique — in earlier playlist Bohor (1962) Iannis Xenakis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K0ZKpISpF2U (Part 1) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJdkkgJTbvM (Part 2) http://youtu.be/OHLdS-S_Oio (Complete) OTHER FAMOUS WORKS: 11. Variations for a Door and a Sigh Pierre Henry Good example Quite a good piece! **** http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dud4D6PeHqQ musique concrete

OTHER PIECES: 1. Sirens Bonnie Miksch & Leon W. Couch III http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=08ny-BTRYss 2. Into the Circle of the Sacred Bonnie Miksch http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=meNM7lD1QWI 3. Circus Baby Leon W. Couch III & Kevin Patton http://electronicmusic.profcouch.us/CircusBaby.mp3 4. Flight Leon W. Couch III http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T62NhDDtIRg

MISCELLANEOUS: 1. Demonstration of Buchla synth by Subotnick http://youtu.be/5UfHGVwm3-0

Hugill listening lists: http://www.routledge.com/cw/hugill/ Cites YouTube recordings.