KUMAMOTO

Izumi City JR Izumi Station Izumi IC Izumi Fumoto Akune IC Ebino IC MIYAZAKI Hisatsu Orange Railway

Kyushu Expressway Kyushu Shinkansen Kamikosikishima Sendai port Satsumasendai-MizuhikiIC Sato Fumoto Sato port JRSendai Station high-speed boat Iriki Koshiki Ohashi Bridge Satsumasendai Kagoshima Fumoto Airport City Satsumasendai-Miyako IC Kamou Fumoto ferry Kushikino port Kushikino Aira City Kajiki JCT Fumoto Aira IC City Kushikino IC Nagahama port Shimokoshikishima Ichiki IC Kagoshima Castle

Teuchi Fumoto Kagoshima City Kagoshima IC Mt.Sakurajima Soyagoro IC Kagoshimachuo Station Kamoike port Tarumizu ferry Taniyama IC Tarumizu port Shibushi City Tarumizu NogataIC Ibusuki SkyLine NichinanLine Fumoto Shibushi Tarumizu City Fumoto Kawanabe IC JR Shibushi Station City Kanoyakushira JCT Shibushi port Kaseda Fumoto Chiran IC Shibushi Minamikyushu City ⇔Osaka ferry KasanoharaIC Chiran Fumoto JR Kiire Station Ei IC Former Kiire Fumoto

Makurazaki City Ibusukimakurazaki Line Ibusuki City Fumoto - Defense Network of Satsuma Samurai Districts in the Edo Period MAP

Access to each Fumoto area ＊For detailed information please check the website for each Fumoto

From JR Kagoshima Chuo Station From JR Sendai Station From JR Kushikino Station ⇒Via National Route 10, ⇒Via Prefectural Road 42, ⇒Via Prefectural Road 39, Kagoshima Iriki Kushikino Castle it takes about 10 minutes by car Fumoto it takes about 25 minutes by car Fumoto it takes about 5 minutes by car

From JR Kiire Station From Sendai Port by high speed boat From Aira IC ⇒5 minutes by car to ⇒Get off at the Sato Port, ⇒Prefectural road 57 Former Kiire Sato Kamikoshikijima and walk about Kamou ⇒Via Prefectural Road 25, Fumoto Minamikata Shrine Fumoto Fumoto for 10 minutes it takes about 12 minutes by car

From Minamikyushu City Hall From Sendai Port by high speed boat From Tarumizu port by Tarumizu ferry ⇒Get off at the Nagahama Port, ⇒Via Prefectural Road 232, ⇒Via Japan National Route 220, Chiran Teuchi Shimokoshikijima and drive about Tarumizu about 3 minutes walk it takes about 10 minutes by car Fumoto Fumoto for 20 minutes Fumoto

From Minamisatsuma City Hall From JR Izumi Station From Shibushi Port ⇒Via Japan National Route 270, ⇒Via Prefectural Road 373, ⇒Via Prefectural Road 499, Kaseda Izumi Shibushi Fumoto about 5 minutes walk Fumoto it takes about 6 minutes by car Fumoto it takes about 10 minutes by car

【Contact】 Japan Heritage‘Defense Network of Satsuma Samurai Districrs in the Edo Period’ Promotion Council （Cultural Assets Division Kagoshima Prefectural Board of Education）

10-1, Kamoike-Shinmachi, Kagoshima City TEL.+81-99-286-5357

2020.12 Defense Network of Satsuma Samurai Districts in the Edo Period

During the Edo period (1603 - 1867), the Satsuma Domain covered area that corresponds to present day and parts of neighboring Miyazaki Prefecture. Headquartered in Kagoshima Castle, the Satsuma Domain was divided into 120 administrative districts. e center of each district was called Fumoto and served as a military outpost to defend the domain from enemies. is system was unique to the Satsuma domain.

JAPAN HERITAGE Izumi Fumoto

Japan’s tangible and intangible cultural properties have been

preserved through narratives based on unique regional histories Sato Fumoto Iriki Fumoto The ideal strategic site ‒ a mountain and traditions. Kamo Fumoto fortress surrounded by rivers (Iriki Fumoto) Kushikino Fumoto By recognizing these stories as Japan Heritage, the Agency for Teuchi Fumoto Cultural Aairs plans to promote these historical legacies and to Kagoshima Castle provide comprehensive support so that revitalize the local areas. Tarumizu Fumoto Shibushi Fumoto Kaseda Fumoto Chiran Fumoto Former Kiire Fumoto I N D E X Stone walls, defensive hedgerows, Japan Heritag Fumoto - Defense Network of Satsuma Samurai Districts in the Edo Period and imposing gates ‒ the perfectly … Ｐ1 ～ Ｐ4 Fumoto - Defense Network of planned samurai town (Izumi Fumoto) ● Kagoshima Castle … Ｐ5 ● Sato Fumoto … Ｐ7 ● Chiran Fumoto … Ｐ9 Satsuma Samurai Districts in the Edo Period Discover Fumoto ‒ The Strategic ● Former Kiire Fumoto ● Teuchi Fumoto ● Kaseda Fumoto … Ｐ5 … Ｐ7 … Ｐ9 Towns Lived in by the Samurai of Satsuma ● Izumi Fumoto … Ｐ6 ● Kushikino Fumoto … Ｐ8 ● Tarumizu Fumoto … Ｐ10 ● Iriki Fumoto … Ｐ6 ● Kamou Fumoto … Ｐ8 ● Shibushi Fumoto … Ｐ10 1 2 Construction of Fumoto

Fumoto were constructed at strategic locations close to the medieval forts The Background Behind employed by the Shimadzu clan and had good access to routes across land and sea. e towns were laid out with the manor lord’s residence in the middle, and Satsuma’’ss UniqueUnique DefenseDefense Network Network samurai houses forming a perimeter. e samurai houses had defensive features such stone walls, tall hedges, and sometimes moats. Each house also had an For the 400 years prior to the Edo period, the provinces of Satsuma and Osumi entrance gate tting of the owner’s samurai status. e towns were located close were under the control of the Shimadzu clan. Powerful landholders in both to canals or rivers for ease of access. provinces rebelled against Shimadzu rule and a network of close to 1,000 mountain fortresses was constructed to maintain order. Towards the end of the 16th century the Shimadzu clan extended their territory to include the province of Hyuga, now part of Miyazaki Prefecture.

In 1600 powerful lords from across Japan divided into Eastern and Western factions, eventually culminating in the largest con ict in samurai history, the Battle of Sekigahara. e Eastern side was victorious, and the Tokugawa The Life of Satsuma Samurai Shogunate came to rule over all of Japan. Despite being on the e samurai living at Fumoto would spend their days working on losing side, the Shimadzu clan were permitted to keep the regional administration and practicing the martial arts. e Satsuma provinces of Satsuma, Osumi, and Hyuga, and these three domain had a much larger ratio of warriors than other domains (26% regions were compounded into the Satsuma domain. compared to the national average of 7%) and regional samurai needed to To exert control over the powerful lords across Japan, the farm within the grounds of their residences to sustain themselves. decreed that all mountain fortresses

should be demolished, and each domain was only allowed Some samurai also supplemented their income by making paper, Unglazed Clay Dolls defensive network of 120 fortresses Reimeikan Museum Collection to have one central castle. clay dolls, or blacksmithing, and their workmanship has le a direct in uence on the traditional arts and cras remaining in Kagoshima e Shimadzu clan felt the need to protect their domain today. from the Shogunate, having opposed them at Sekigahara, Aer a hard day of practicing martial arts and working the land, the and along with a central castle in Kagoshima created a samurai would relax in the evening and enjoy deep-fried sh cakes called defensive network of 120 fortresses across their domain. Satsuma-age and local distilled spirit shochu. Both are still a local Samurai residences were built at the foot of these medieval mountain fortress delicacy and are much loved by the people of Kagoshima today. mountain fortresses in military towns called Fumoto, creating a highly eective defense network for the Satsuma Shochu domain. manor lord’s residence samurai houses

the Satsuma domain 26% river

Model of Mountain Fortress Exhibited at Reimeikan Museum Typical Construction of Fumoto Ratio of Samurai in Satsuma Swordsmanship Training Satsuma-age

3 4 Kagoshima City Izumi City Kagoshima Castle Izumi Fumoto Keystone of the Satsuma Stronghold Defending Defense Network the Borders of Satsuma Kagoshima Castle was the keystone in Satsuma’s defense network e Izumi Fumoto was a strategically important defensive position and the residence of the lords of the Shimadzu clan. e main gate located at the north-western border of the Satsuma domain. e of the castle was one of the largest in Japan and the castle’s dening Fumoto is located on a attened hilltop located close to the site of a feature. A reconstruction of the gate was completed in 2020. e medieval mountain fort, with latticed streets dug into the ground. impressive stone walls and moat that surrounded the castle still e result is that the samurai residences here are higher than street exist, and the Reimeikan Museum is located on the site of the level and occupy the highest location in the surrounding area. lord’s residence. One section of the samurai houses in this region are designated as is is the recommended starting point for exploring this Japan a National Important Cultural Heritage Site. Heritage.

Main Gate Izumi Fumoto Reimeikan Museum Reimeikan Museum History Museum 447 ● Former Saisho Family House Izumi Fumoto ● 7-2 Shiroyama-cho, 10-39 Fumoto-cho, ● Honmaru Former Takezoe ●Izumi Fumoto History Museum Kagoshima City Castle Family House ● Komenotsu River

Medieval mountain fortress Izumi City Former Residence Kyushu Shinkansen Shinkansen Kyushu (Shiroyama) Shinkansen Kyushu 099-222-5100 0996-68-1390 of the Manor Lord

Main Gate of Kagoshima Castle Moat and Stone Walls Former Takezoe Family House Ox carriage for tourists Medieval mountain ●Terukuni Shrine fortress

Free for Izumi Fumoto Izumi Fumoto Izumi Fumoto Reimeikan Museum Interior Reimeikan Museum Reimeikan Museum Visitors History Museum(Free) History Museum Interior History Museum

Kagoshima City SatsmasendaiSatsumasendai City City Former Kiire Fumoto Iriki Fumoto Discover the Original Landscape of Samurai Houses Encircled Fumoto by Rivers and Mountain Fort In 1650, just aer the start of the Edo period, the Fumoto at Kiire Iriki Fumoto is an easily defensible town backed by a medieval was relocated under the orders of the Shimadzu clan. Over the next mountain fort and surrounded by a meandering river. e winding 250 years until the end of the Edo period the layout of the region streets of the medieval fortication and the lattice like layout of slowly changed, but it is still possible to see remains of the original later Fumoto and samurai houses allow visitors to enjoy two time setting from 1650. Ancient stone walls and waterways hem the periods. Iriki Fumoto is also home to the only remaining thatched narrow streets that curve around the base of medieval mountain gate to a samurai residence in Kagoshima Prefecture. One section forts and the rural landscape makes it easy to imagine life here over of the samurai houses in this region are designated as a National 400 years ago. Important Cultural Heritage Site.

Former Iriki Fumoto Kiire Fumoto 328 ● Kiire Community Center Tourist Information Center 346 ● Medieval mountain fortress 7000 Kiire-cho, 35-2 Uranomyo Iriki-cho, Kagoshima City Satsumasendai City Former Masuda Family House Medieval mountain fortress Kayabuki Thatched 099-345-3751 0996-44-5200 Roof Gate

Minamikata Shrine Kobegabuchi Waterfall Former Masuda Family House Samurai Gate of Iriki-in family ● Iriki Fumoto ● ● ●

Minamikata Shrine Yawata River Iriki Branch Office Former Masuda Family House ● Fumoto Chuo Square Former Residence of Fureai Square (Free) Fureai Square Kiire Community Center Kobegabuchi Iriki Town Museum Iriki Fumoto Tourist the Manor Lord Waterfall Iriki Branch Office (Free) Hiwaki River Iriki Fumoto Tourist Information Center Information Center

5 6 SatsumasendaiSatsmasendai City City Ichikikushikino City Sato Fumoto Kushikino Fumoto Strategic Port and Stronghold of Traces of Samurai Life from Northern Koshikijima the Edo Period e Satsuma domain was surrounded on three sides by the sea, so Kushikino Fumoto was located between Kagoshima castle and the establishing Fumoto as naval defenses was highly important. Sato northern border town of Izumi. Few of the original samurai Fumoto is in the northern part of Koshikijima, and island o the residences still exist due to construction in recent years, but traces west coast of mainland Kagoshima. During the Edo period Sato of the Edo period remain around the medieval mountain fort. e Fumoto was used as a lookout for Chinese and Dutch ships shrine located on the site of the mountain fort and the few heading for Nagasaki to trade. e large round stones from the remaining samurai houses nearby are worth a visit. Kushikino is nearby beach used to create the walls around the town are still famous for shochu and Satsuma-age, and it is possible to particularly noteworthy. One section of the samurai houses can be explore the food culture of the samurai nearby. seen from the observation deck located on top of the hill where the medieval mountain fort once stood.

● Kushikino Gold Mine Koshikijima Tourist Ichikikushikino City Tourist 3 Information Center Sato Port Information Center 3 1619-13 Sato Sato-cho, 3018 Kanmyo

Satumasendai City Ichikikushikino City JR Kagoshima● LineInformation Center Medieval mountain Sato Port Minamikata Shrine ● Medieval 09969-6-3930 fortress ● 0996-32-5256 Gotanda River Former Residence of mountain fortress Ishiganto (Stone tablet to ward off evil) Site of Kame Castle the Manor Lord Former Magistrates Office Minamikata Shrine ●Former Residence of the Manor Lord Sato Fumoto Kushikino Fumoto

Sato Port Carpark Sato Port Kami Koshikijima Tourist Information Center 39 Information Center (Free) Information Center Information Center Sato Branch Office Carpark (Free) Sato Branch Office (Sato Port Terminal)

SatsumasendaiSatsmasendai City City Aira City TTeuchieuchi FumotoFumoto Kamou Fumoto Strategic Port and Stronghold of Samurai Gates and Southern Koshikijima the Largest Camphor Tree in Japan Teuchi Fumoto is located on along the edge of a curved bay in the Kamou Fumoto is home to Japan’s largest camphor tree, an southern part of Koshikijima island. During the Edo period the age-old symbol of protection for the samurai of the town, and now Satsuma domain had 24 lookout stations for approaching foreign designated as a National Special Natural Monument. e town ships, and a modern recreation of a lookout tower rises above the itself is also wonderfully preserved and parts feature stone slab town today. Round stones collected from the nearby beach form paving with cut-stone walls and hedges creating a truly historic the stone walls demarcating each house, and hedges of exotic atmosphere. Gates to the samurai residences remain around town tropical plants and owers adorning them give the town a uniquely expressing the status of the samurai family that lived there through southern Japanese charm. their design.

Kamou Great Camphor Tree ● Former Residence of Facilities for sightseeing Shimo Koshiki Tourist 42 ● the Manor Lord and communication Facilities for sightseeing and communication of Kamou Information Center of Kamou Teuchi Fumoto ● Kamou Fumoto 913-4 Nagahama Shimo Koshiki-cho, 2308-1 Kamigyutoku Former Residence of Satsumasendai City Kamou-cho, Aira City the Manor Lord 09969-5-1800 0995-52-0748 Former Tsukuchi Guardhouse Shimo Koshiki Town Museum Satsuma Samurai District Kamou Great Camphor Tree

42 Teuchi Fishing Port Shimo Koshiki Branch Shimo Koshiki Branch Office Shimo Koshiki Tourist Information Office Medieval mountain fortress Free Facilities for sightseeing Facilities for sightseeing Office Carpark (Free) Shimo Koshiki Town Museum (Nagahama Port Terminal) and communication of Kamou and communication of Kamou

7 8 Minamikyushu City Tarumizu City Chiran Fumoto TarumizuTarumizu FumotoFumoto Elegant Residences Known as Home of Powerful Retainers Close Satsuma’s “Little Kyoto” to the Shimadzu Clan Chiran Fumoto features samurai residences fanning out on both ere were many powerful factions within the Satsuma domain, sides of a historic street. Ancient stone walls, manicured hedges, but Tarumizu Fumoto was a large town where the highest status and impressive gates line both sides of the street in a perfect samurai families outside of the castle town of Kagoshima lived. e example of how samurai residences of the Satsuma domain once area where the samurai residences once stood has been developed were. Carefully constructed gardens borrowing the scenery of into a modern town, but the walls made of red volcanic rock show distant mountains accompany each of the houses. Chiran Fumoto how large this settlement once was. e nearby manor lord’s was the rst area of samurai houses in Kagoshima to be designated gravesite is now a National Cultural Heritage Site. as a National Cultural Heritage site, and it is highly recommended as the rst stop aer visiting the site of Kagoshima Castle.

Site of Chiran Castle Former Residence 23 ● of the Manor Lord Chiran Fumoto Gardens Tarumizu Fumoto Chiran Samurai ● Chiran Fumoto Gardens Chiran Fumoto Chiran Fumoto Residences’ Office Gardens Tarumizu City Library

13731-1 Kori Chiran-cho, 232 38 Minamimatsubara-cho, ● Former Residence of the Manor Lord 27 Minamikyushu City Tarumizu City Manor Lords ● gravesite 0993-58-7878 0994-32-7111 ● Mori Shigemitsu Garden Hirayama Katsumi Garden Former Residence of the Manor Lord Tarumizu Doll Tarumizu Doll ● Medieval mountain fortress ● ● Tarumizu City Library Chiran Museum Chiran City Carpark Chiran City Carpark Interior Chiran Samurai Residences’ Office Tarumizu City Library (Free) Tarumizu City Library Tarumizu City Library

Minamisatsuma City Shibushi City Kaseda Fumoto Shibushi Fumoto Historic Waterways Crossed Medieval Town Blessed by Stone Bridges with Abundant Springs Kaseda Fumoto is located along a narrow winding road between Shibushi Fumoto was a strategically important area located on the two medieval mountain forts, making attack by large numbers of north eastern border of the Satsuma domain. e samurai enemies impossible. Cut stone walls with quickset hedges on top residences in Shibushi are located along the curve of a valley mark the edge of each residence. Wide waterways running parallel between medieval mountain fortresses, making the layout quite to the walls are crossed intermittently by stone bridges leading to dierent to other Fumoto in Kagoshima. Underground springs the impressive gates of each house, creating a uniquely beautiful located where each of the fortresses were located provide an historic atmosphere. e samurai houses in this region are abundance of fresh water to the town, and the gates and gardens designated as a National Cultural Heritage Site. hewn from natural bedrock give the town a uniquely historical feeling.

Shibushi City Shibushi Fumoto Minami Satsuma 270 Minami Satsuma 226 Tourism Association Tourist Information Center Medieval mountain fortress Tourism Association (JR Shibushi Station)

● 34-2 Honmachi Kaseda, Medieval mountain fortress 28-11 2 Shibushi, Former Residence Minamisatsuma City of the Manor Lord Kaseda Fumoto Shibushi-cho, Shibushi City ● ● 0993-53-3751 099-472-2224 medieval mountain fortress Former Residence of the Manor Lord Masuyama Waterway Chigo Odori (regional folk dance) Daijiji Temple Spring Water

Kaseda River Daijiji Temple ● Amagajo Park 220 Kaseda Community Center (Free) Minami Satsuma Tourism Association Takeda Shrine Shibushi Fumoto(Free) Shibushi Fumoto Information Center Takeda Shrine ↙To Shibushi Station

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