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Nelu ZUGRAVU 6/2, 2011 Classica Et Christiana Classica et Christiana Revista Centrului de Studii Clasice şi Creştine Fondator: Nelu ZUGRAVU 6/2, 2011 Classica et Christiana Periodico del Centro di Studi Classici e Cristiani Fondatore: Nelu ZUGRAVU 6/2, 2011 ISSN: 1842 - 3043 Comitetul ştiinţific / Comitato scientifico Ovidiu ALBERT (Ostkirchliches Institut der Bayerisch-Deutschen Augustinerprovinz an der Universität Würzburg) Marija BUZOV (Istituto di Archeologia, Zagreb) Dan DANA (Università di Rouen) Mario GIRARDI (Università di Bari) Attila JAKAB (Università Eotvos, Budapest) Domenico LASSANDRO, direttore del Dipartimento di Studi Classici e Cristiani dell’Università di Bari Aldo Moro Aldo LUISI (Università di Bari) Giorgio OTRANTO (Università di Bari) Evalda PACI (Centro di Studi di Albanologia, Tirana) Marcin PAWLAK (Università di Torun) Vladimir P. PETROVIĆ (Accademia Serba delle Scienze e delle Arti, Belgrad) Luigi PIACENTE (Università di Bari) Mihai POPESCU (C.N.R.S. – USR 710 L’Année Épigraphique, Paris) Comitetul de redacţie / Comitato di redazione Roxana-Gabriela CURCĂ (Universitatà „Al. I. Cuza” Iaşi) Mihaela PARASCHIV (Universitatà „Al. I. Cuza” Iaşi) Claudia TĂRNĂUCEANU (Universitatà „Al. I. Cuza” Iaşi) Nelu ZUGRAVU, direttore del Centro di Studi Classici e Cristiani della Facoltà di Storia dell’Università „Alexandru I. Cuza” di Iaşi (director responsabil / direttore responsabile) Corespondenţa / Corrispondenza: Prof. univ. dr. Nelu ZUGRAVU Facultatea de Istorie, Centrul de Studii Clasice şi Creştine Bd. Carol I, nr 11, 700506 – Iaşi, România Tel. ++40 232 201634 / ++ 40 742119015, Fax ++ 40 232 201156 e-mail: [email protected] UNIVERSITATEA „ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA” IAŞI FACULTATEA DE ISTORIE CENTRUL DE STUDII CLASICE ŞI CREŞTINE Classica et Christiana 6/2 2011 Egregio professori Michaeli Vasilescu, septuagesimum annum peragenti, magna cum aestimatione, Amici, collegae et alumni Tehnoredactor: Nelu ZUGRAVU Coperta: Manuela OBOROCEANU ISSN: 1842 - 3043 Editura Universităţii „Alexandru Ioan Cuza” 700511 - Iaşi, tel./fax ++ 40 0232 314947 SUMAR / INDICE Mª Ángeles ALONSO ALONSO, Medicae y obstetrices en la epigrafía latina del Imperio romano. Apuntes en torno a un análisis comparativo / 267 Nicoletta Francesca BERRINO, Dramma privato e dramma pubblico nella prima e nona bucolica di Virgilio / 295 Nicola BIFFI, Ciò che Bardesane venne a sapere sull’India / 305 Teresa BUCCI, Echi di sapienza pagana nel De Nabuthae historia di Am- brogio / 337 Marija BUZOV, The archaeological topography of the Bay of Kotor (Boka Kotorska) / 351 Costel CHIRIAC, Un sigiliu paleocreştin de la Noviodunum / 377 Tincuţa CLOŞCĂ, Metafora corabiei în opera lui Ioan Hrisostom / 387 Daniel De DECKER, Du Bas-Empire aux Temps modernes: Templiers et hé- résies / 407 Nicolae GUDEA, Note de arheologie creştină. 7. Despre o gemă gnostică de la Garvăn/Dinogetia (Moesia Inferior) / 445 Attila JAKAB, La prétendue «assemblée» de Jérusalem (Ac 15). Enquête préliminaire en vue d’une révision du dossier / 455 Elena MALASPINA, Incontri di popoli e prove di convivenza (III/V secolo) / 473 Patrizia MASCOLI – Giovanni Antonio NIGRO, L’ematofagia dei nomadi delle steppe (Mart. spect. 3, 4) / 513 Iulian MOGA, Religion and Urbanization in Western Asia Minor during the Hellenistic and Roman Periods / 525 Yutaka OSHIMIZU, Les noms des empereurs tétrarchiques martelés: les in- scriptions de l’Afrique romaine / 549 Evalda PACI, Inni e preghiere nel Messale di Buzuku (1555) / 571 266 SUMAR / INDICE Daniele Vittorio PIACENTE, Il prefetto del pretorio in Aurelio Arcadio Carisio e Giovanni Lido / 585 Sanja PILIPOVIĆ, Un gruppo di stele funerarie provenienti da Viminacium (Moesia Superiore) / 593 Francesco SCODITTI, Canto cristiano ed ebraismo. Alcune questioni / 613 RECENZII – RECENSIONI / 629 MARIA AMBROSETI, Q. Claudio Quadrigario, Annali (Antonella BRUZZONE) / 627; Nou- velles intrigues pseudo-clémentines / Plots in the Pseudo-Clementine Romance (Attila JA- KAB) / 634; Poussières de christianisme et de judaïsme antiques (Attila JAKAB) / 638; PHILIP MATYSZAK, Fiii lui Caesar. Prima dinastie a Romei imperiale (Ionuţ ACRUDOAE) / 641; CAROLINE FÉVRIER, Supplicare deis. La supplication expiatoire à Rome (Elena ADAM) / 646; FRÉDÉRIC HURLET, BERNARD MINEO (sous la direction de), Le Principat d’Auguste. Réalités et représentations du pouvoir. Autour de la Res publica restituta (Elena ADAM) / 649; JUAN JOSÉ PALAO VICENTE (ed.), Militares y civiles en la Antigua Roma. Dos mundos diferentes, dos mundos unidos (Ionuţ ACRUDOAE) / 652; SALLY GRAINGER, Cooking Apicius. Roman recipes for today (Melinda-Leila MOLNAR) / 656; ROMEO CÎR- JAN, Statute citadine privilegiate în provinciile dunărene ale Imperiului Roman (sec. I–III p. Chr.) (Sorin NEMETI) / 661; DAN APARASCHIVEI, Oraşele romane de la Dunărea In- ferioară (secolele I-III p.Chr.) (Sever-Petru BOŢAN) / 664; PAUL VEYNE, Sexualitate şi putere în Roma antică (Mihai CARP) / 668; FLORICA MIHUŢ BOHÎLŢEA, Istoria familiei romane (Nelu ZUGRAVU) / 671; VASILE MOGA, Creştinismul la Apulum şi în teritoriul său (secolele III-X) / (Nelu ZUGRAVU) / 671; CARLO CARLETTI, Epigrafia dei cristiani in Oc- cidente dal III al VII secolo. Ideologia e prassi (Roxana-Gabriela CURCĂ) / 672; JOACHIM BOUFLET, O istorie a miracolelor din Evul Mediu până în zilele noastre (Mihaela TĂTARU) / 674; DAN HORIA MAZILU, Văduvele sau despre istorie la feminin (Georgiana ZAHARIA) / 677 Nelu ZUGRAVU, Cronica activităţii ştiinţifice a Centrului de Studii Clasice şi Creştine (2010-2011) – Cronaca dell’attività scientifica del Centro di Studi Classici e Cristiana (2010-2011) / 681 Nelu ZUGRAVU, Publicaţii intrate în Biblioteca Centrului de Studii Clasice şi Creştine – Pubblicazioni entrate nella Biblioteca del Centro di Studi Classici e Cristiani / 689 Classica et Cristiana, 6/2, 2011, 267-296 MEDICAE Y OBSTETRICES EN LA EPIGRAFÍA LATINA DEL IMPERIO ROMANO. APUNTES EN TORNO A UN ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO Mª Ángeles ALONSO ALONSO (Departamento de Ciencia Históricas, Universidad de Cantabria) Keywords: Latin epigraphy, roman medicine, medica, obstetrix, mid- wife, roman occupations. Abstract: The identification of the activities which were carried out by women designed as medicae and obstetrices in the Latin epigraphy is a problem that previous scholars have already pointed out. In this paper, by means of epigraphic analysis of Latin inscriptions, we aim to discuss whether both terms, medica and obstetrix, may refer to the same profession. Riasunto: La storiografia che finora si è occupata del ruolo della donna nella medicina antica, risalta la problematica circa la definizione del tipo di lavoro che svolgevano le medicae. Mentre alcuni autori equiparano le mansioni di quelle donne alle obstetrices, limitando così il suo campo d’azione alla assistenza nel parto o ad aspetti riguardanti la ginecologia, altri sostengono che avevano anche una conoscenza generale della medicina, propio come i loro colleghi medici. In questo articolo analizzeremo le inscrizioni che documentano medicae e obstetri- ces, con lo scopo d’identificare possibili differenze o somiglianze. In questo modo si cercherà di capire se le due figure professionali alle volte coincidessero in una stessa donna oppure, al contrario, il lavoro svolto dalle donne nel campo medico si limitava a mansioni di tipo ostetrico. El estudio de las fuentes literarias, epigráficas e incluso arque- ológicas ha puesto de manifiesto la presencia femenina dentro del ámbito de la medicina en la antigüedad, en el que, sin embargo, su- puso una minoría1. Aunque los términos con los que estas mujeres fueron recordadas en el mundo romano son bien conocidos (medica como correspondiente del masculino medicus y procedente del griego iatros; obstetrix, con el significado exclusivo de partera, que en grie- 1 H. N. Parker, Women Doctors in Greece, Rome and the Byzantine Em- pire, en L. R. Furst (ed.), Women Healers and Physicians: Climbing a Long Hill, Kentucky, 1997, 131. 268 Mª Ángeles ALONSO ALONSO go se definía como maia; y iatromaea, cuyo significado, aún un tanto oscuro, podría situarse entre la figura de la medica y la obstetrix)2, cuando pasamos a considerar el campo de trabajo específico al que tanto unas como otras se dedicaron vemos que la cuestión no está del todo clara3. Mientras que algunos autores han considerado que los términos medica y obstetrix eran equivalentes e indicaban a las mu- jeres encargadas de atender los partos4, otros sostienen que la me- dica sería más bien una profesional provista de buenos conocimien- tos de medicina general que curaba tanto a hombres como a mujeres, y que además de la ginecología podía estar especializada en otras ramas como la cirugía o la odontología5. Partiendo de esta dicotomía existente entre los autores que se han ocupado del papel clínico de la mujer en el mundo romano con anterioridad, y sin entrar en ella, el presente trabajo plantea un aná- lisis de las inscripciones latinas que documentan medicae por un lado y obstetrices por otro6, con la intención de establecer las posibles se- mejanzas o diferencias que puedan darse entre unas y otras. El fin úl- timo del estudio será el de intentar arrojar, en la medida de lo po- sible, algo de luz al problema de la interpretación de ambas figuras profesionales. Somos conscientes de que para intentar dar una solu- ción a la cuestión es necesario aunar el estudio de otro tipo de fuentes (literarias y arqueológicas fundamentalmente), de modo que concebi- mos este trabajo como una aproximación a la problemática más arri- ba apuntada desde la estricta óptica del análisis de la epigrafía latina.
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