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Territorial Cohesion: Definition of the Concept and Implications for Territorial Cooperation

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Territorial Cohesion: Definition of the Concept and Implications for Territorial Cooperation Territorial Cohesion: definition of the concept and implications for territorial cooperation Raffaella Coletti, CeSPI Third research report January 2012 SeeNet Programme: A trans-local network for the cooperation between Italy and South East Europe Horizontal Action C - Research In partnership with Piazza Margana 39 – 00186 Roma (Italia) – Tel. +3906 6990630 – Fax +3906 6784104 – e-mail: [email protected] - web: www.cespi.it Table of Contents OVERVIEW……………………………………………………………………………………….3 ALBANIA: REGION OF SHKODRA……………………………………………………………….19 BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA: MUNICIPALITY OF TRAVNIK……………………………………...48 BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA: MUNICIPALITY OF TREBINJE……………………………………..64 CROATIA: REGION OF ISTRIA………………………………………………………………… .82 KOSOVO: MUNICIPALITY OF PEJË/PEĆ………………………………………………….… 104 MONTENEGRO: MUNICIPALITY OF BUDVA……………………………………………..…….120 SERBIA: AUTONOMOUS PROVINCE OF VOJVODINA………………………………….…….…133 Foreword This report is the third of a series realised within the SeeNet Programme by a research network coordinated by CeSPI and composed of seven research organisations from South East Europe. These research activities aim at supporting the SeeNet programme through the analysis and systematization of governance experiences for local development within the involved territories of South East Europe. The unit of analysis for the research is the territory. Seven territories in South East Europe have been chosen, according to the following criteria: i) articulation of partnership relations; ii) coverage of the four themes of the SeeNet Programme; iii) representation of South East Europe local authority parties; iv) coverage of different administrative levels of South East Europe; and v) different Italian partners. Each territory is involved in one SeeNet project, led by local partners and supported by an Italian region or autonomous province on one specific theme. Each of the seven partner research organizations has been entrusted with the analysis of one territory and relative theme. Table 1: Case studies Territory Theme Albania Region of Shkodra Social planning Bosnia & Herzegovina Municipality of Travnik Mountain tourism Bosnia & Herzegovina Municipality of Trebinje Rural tourism Croatia Region of Istria Cultural and environmental heritage Kosovo Municipality of Pejë/Peć Environmental tourism Montenegro Municipality of Budva Territorial and environmental planning Serbia Autonomous Province of Local productive systems Vojvodina SeeNet partners have expressed the need to deepen their knowledge of some specific aspects in their partner territories. As a consequence, this third report is focussed on different issues for each of the selected territories. The issues are the following: - In the Region in Shkodra (Albania) the analysis is concentrated on the multilevel governance in the social policy reform; - In the Municipality of Travnik (Bosnia Herzegovina) and in the Central Bosnian Canton the report deals with the potentials of typical local products and multilevel policies; - In the case of the municipality of Trebinje (Bosnia Herzegovina) the report is focussed on the dispute between Trebinje and Dubrovnik, analysing in particular its impact on the rural tourism potentials in Trebinje and Eastern Herzegovina; - In the Region of Istria (Croatia) and the City of Varadjin the report focuses on the multilevel coherence of the legal framework in the fields of environment, tourism, culture and transport sector; - In the Municipality of Pejë/Peć (Kosovo), the report deals with the main features of the national park proposed in the area of the Rugova Valley and multilevel laws and policies; - In the Municipality of Budva (Montenegro), the report is focussed on the potentialities for the development of cultural tourism in a multilevel and multi-stakeholder framework; - In the Province of Vojvodina (Serbia), the report offers an analysis of the local Business Service Sector and programmes. All the reports have followed the same approach, based on the common methodological framework for SeeNet research activities: the analysis has been conducted in a multi-level perspective, taking 3 into consideration the following levels: local, other eventual sub-national, national, European, and other international level. It also adopts a multi-stakeholder perspective. Among the key local development stakeholders analysed are: i) representatives from local institutions; ii) representatives from the central government; iii) public administration, public and public controlled local bodies; iv) actors of territorial/decentralized and international cooperation; v) the civil society; vi) education, culture and research bodies; vii) economic actors; viii) trade unions; and ix) the media. The reports are policy oriented and try to offer recommendations for decentralised and territorial cooperation. This introduction deals with a general issue relevant in all the selected territories and for the Italian Regions partners in the SeeNet Programme; the definition of the new objective of territorial cohesion and its practical implementation. The issue is particularly relevant considering future perspective of territorial cooperation between Italy and Western Balkan Countries, in all the different fields explored by the reports realized in each territory, and according to the new perspective of a European Union macro-regional strategy in the Adriatic-Ionic area. Executive Summary In the last few years, territorial cohesion has become a priority in the European policy. Starting with the draft of the European Convention (2003) and the Third Cohesion Report (2004), the concept of territorial cohesion has been quoted and analysed in several official documents by the European Commission. Nevertheless, the concept of territorial cohesion is in someway still unclear. There is no single definition officially adopted by the European Commission; the meaning and objectives of territorial cohesion have to be identified by analysing different documents and statements that have been produced by the EC on this matter in recent years. The following elements can be identified as key aspects in the definition of territorial cohesion: first of all, territorial cohesion is about reducing existing disparities within the European Union, referring to an explicit solidarity dimension in the European regional policy and adding a “spatial justice” dimension to European spatial policy. Nevertheless, pursuing territorial cohesion is not just about equity in the distribution, but it is also about an improvement of the general competitiveness of the European Union. Furthermore, territorial cohesion is about the need to enhance territorial capital and regional potentials. A fourth key element in the territorial cohesion concept is about the key role played by cooperation and integration among European regions and territories, to ensure that common assets are used in a coordinated and sustainable way. From an operative point of view, two crucial issues emerge from the analysis of the documents: the coordination of policies and the need for better knowledge on territorial data. Finally, territorial cohesion is a shared competence between member states, the Commission and the Regions, representing the evolution of a process leading the EC to strengthen its competence on spatial planning and territorial matters. The core policy instruments identified by the European Commission to pursue territorial cohesion within European Union territory include a focus on sustainable urban development and on areas with specific natural or demographic features, and a specific attention to the role played by territorial cooperation. The role of territorial cooperation in achieving territorial cohesion has already been well recognized in the documents produced between 2001 and 2011, and it is confirmed in the framework of the new proposals for the Cohesion Policy 2014-2020. Macro- 4 regional strategies are explicitly mentioned, as new tools to address territorial cooperation and cohesion. The Western Balkan countries have to face a very strong process of spatial polarization, derived from the transition process started in the 90s and influenced also by the enlargement perspectives in the region. As a consequence, the issue of territorial cohesion is even more urgent than in the European Countries. Italian regions can offer significant support to the territories of South East Europe in pursuing the territorial cohesion objective. At least three main areas of cooperation can be identified: i. Improve the availability of territorial data; ii. Produce knowledge on regional and local developmental problems in the Balkans; iii. Strengthen multilevel governance mechanisms also within the framework of the Adriatic-Ionic macro-regional strategy. 1. Territorial cohesion: an introduction In the last few years, territorial cohesion has become a priority in European policy. According to Camagni (2005) the new concept was created for several reasons; first of all, the introduction of territorial cohesion was the proof of political recognition to the good job made on territorial affairs by the Commission and the Spatial Development Committee, both of whom where responsible for the implementation of the European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP). Secondly, the territorial cohesion concept was based on the success of the URBAN initiative, which has shown the potentiality of European involvement in the field of urban and territorial planning, and on INTERREG experiences as an instrument to implement the ESDP, in particular in its
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