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USACE Final Environmental Impact Statement for SFWMD's Section

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USACE Final Environmental Impact Statement for SFWMD's Section Central and Southern Florida, Everglades Agricultural Area Reservoir and Stormwater Treatment Area, Florida Environmental Impact Statement for SFWMD’s Section 203 Study (June 2018) Final Environmental Impact Statement May 2020 This page intentionally left blank. Executive Summary EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In section 1308(a) of the Water Resources Development Act (WRDA) of 2018, Congress authorized the project for ecosystem restoration, Central and Southern Florida, Everglades Agricultural Area, Florida in accordance with section 601 of the Water Resources Development Act of 2000, as recommended in the addendum to the Central Everglades Planning Project Post Authorization Change Report (to be referenced as the SFWMD Section 203 Study), Feasibility Study and Draft Environmental Impact Statement prepared by the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) and dated May 2018, with such modifications as the Secretary of the Army considers appropriate. In Section 1308(b) of WRDA 2018, Congress directed that the project may be constructed only after the Secretary of the Army prepares a report that addresses the concerns, recommendations, and conditions identified in the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Civil Works (ASA(CW)) Review Assessment of the SFWMD Section 203 Study dated May 2018. PURPOSE AND NEED The ASA(CW)’s October 26, 2018 Interim Guidance for Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan, Central and Southern Florida, Everglades Agricultural Area, Florida directed the Corps to conduct an analysis of the project authorized in Section 1308 of WRDA 2018 “with such modifications as the Secretary considers appropriate,“ in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Therefore, the Corps has prepared this Final Environmental Impact Statement (Final EIS) in accordance with NEPA to evaluate and document effects of the Central and Southern Florida, Everglades Agricultural Area, Florida project on the quality of the human environment in relation to the No Action Alternative, which is CEPP as authorized in 2016. This Final EIS will also provide the NEPA to support the Corps’ decision on the SFWMD application for a Department of Army permit requesting to discharge fill into waters of the United States to construct a component of the project in advance of execution of a Project Partnership Agreement for the Federal project. AUTHORITY Congress authorized the project for ecosystem restoration, Central and Southern Florida, Everglades Agricultural Area, Florida in section 1308(a) of the WRDA 2018. As authorized in 2016, CEPP provides the first increment of restoration of the central Everglades by reducing some of the Lake Okeechobee Regulation Schedule (LORS) compliant water releases to the Northern Estuaries (St. Lucie River and Indian River Lagoon and the Caloosahatchee River and Estuary) and providing an average of approximately 210,000 acre-feet (ac-ft) per year of additional flow into the central portion of the Everglades. CEPP, a component of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP), was approved as a framework for restoring the south Florida ecosystem while providing for other water-related needs of the region in the WRDA 2000. CEPP presented a description of existing and expected future conditions in the south Florida ecosystem, formulation, and evaluation of plans considered to address ecosystem restoration needs in the region, analysis of environmental effects of the recommended plan, project costs, and implementation challenges. C&SF, EAA Reservoir & STA, Final EIS ES–1 May 2020 Executive Summary The Corps has determined that the authorized CEPP project features are able to accommodate the additional freshwater flows to the central Everglades that would result from this Central and Southern Florida, Everglades Agricultural Area, Florida Project. These additional flows are delivered with a timing shift that favors dry season flows when downstream infrastructure has adequate capacity to convey the flow. The EAA project features, as authorized in WRDA 2018, include the A-2 Reservoir, Stormwater Treatment Area, and canal conveyance improvements. The EAA project achieves the final increments of the required storage in the EAA (CERP Component G) and freshwater flows to Northwest and Central WCA3A (CERP Component II), providing the remaining one-third of the restoration flow goal identified in CERP and in CEPP. Table ES-1 shows CEPP project and EAA project features by implementation phase. Table ES-1. Description of Planned Features within the CEPP and EAA Project CEPP North L-6 Diversion S-8 Pump Modifications L-4 Levee Degrade and Pump Station L-5 Canal Improvements Miami Canal Backfill CEPP South L-67 A Structure North L-67 C Levee Degrade (approximately 8 miles) L-67 C Levee Gap (6,000 feet) Remove L-67 Extension Levee (No Backfill) Increase S-356 capacity to 1,000 cubic feet per second 8.5 Mile Blue Shanty Levee Increase S-333 capacity Remove L-29 Levee Segment L-29 Gated Spillway Backfill L-67 Extension L-67 A Structures 2 and 3 South Remove Old Tamiami Trail1 L-67 A Spoil Mound Removal CEPP New Water Seepage Barrier L-31 N EAA Project A-2 Reservoir and Stormwater Treatment Area Miami Canal and North New River Canal Conveyance Improvements 1 Removal of Old Tamiami Trail can be completed at any time during implementation but must precede backfilling of L-67 Extension Canal. ALTERNATIVE PLANS AND THE RECOMMENDED PLAN Planning goals for CERP projects include enhancing ecological and economic values and social well-being. These three goals were considered during the formulation of alternative plans in the 2014 CEPP Final PIR/EIS and within the SFWMD Section 203 Study; and project-specific objectives and constraints were established to evaluate the plans. In general, ecosystem restoration objectives focused on capturing freshwater releases from Lake Okeechobee that historically have been sent to the St. Lucie and Caloosahatchee estuaries and providing additional water to the Greater Everglades. In this Final EIS, the quantity, timing, and distribution of flows to the Northern Estuaries and the quantity, quality, timing, and distribution of flows to the Greater Everglades were evaluated; as well as the ability of the plans to maintain existing levels of flood control service and water supply for municipal, agricultural, and Tribal use. C&SF, EAA Reservoir & STA, Final EIS ES–2 May 2020 Executive Summary The SFWMD Section 203 Study plan formulation strategy consisted of a formulation phase that followed the natural, pre-drainage, southerly flow of water from Lake Okeechobee through the Everglades ecosystem to Florida Bay. The strategy involves the formulation of canal conveyance, above-ground storage, and treatment wetlands that serve to reduce LORS-compliant water releases to the Northern Estuaries and restore the central portions of the Everglades by utilizing the CEPP North and South project features to improve flow to Water Conservation Area 3A (WCA 3A), WCA 3B, Everglades National Park (ENP) and Florida Bay consistent with both CEPP and CERP. The plan formulation framework considered conveyance, aboveground storage, and wetland treatment measures within the EAA consistent with the CERP and CEPP, to capture, store, and deliver water south to the Greater Everglades. PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE The Corps Recommended Plan (Alternative 3) in this Final EIS is the Preferred Alternative, for the federal project and the permit action. Alternative 3 consists of a 240,000 ac-ft reservoir (10,500 acres of storage) with multi-purpose operational flexibility, a STA with a treatment area of 6,500 acres, and conveyance improvements that would provide benefits to more than 1.5 million acres in the St. Lucie and Caloosahatchee estuaries, WCA 3A, WCA 3B, ENP, and Florida Bay (Figure ES-1). The Corps Recommended Plan has been optimized during the Corps PED-funded review to address the ASA(CW)’s concerns, recommendations, and conditions described in the Review Assessment with regards to dam safety and to reduce seepage. These changes to the SFWMD’s Section 203 Study Recommended Plan (Alternative 2) consisted of minor design modifications to reduce seepage and to manage offsite impacts. As of the date of this Final EIS, the Corps has taken no action during this stage of the PED-funded review to propose, analyze, or recommend any design refinements to the Recommended Plan to ensure water quality benefits. Moreover, as of the date of Final EIS, this project has not obtained the following approvals under the Clean Water Act: a complete Water Quality Certification under Section 401; a permit under Section 402 to build and operate the project’s STA; and a valid permit under Section 404 to build and operate the project’s STA. Modifications to the Recommended Plan may still be required at a later date to obtain these permit approvals and to meet any permit conditions (i.e. prohibiting bypasses from the A-2 STA and the usage of Restoration Strategies/Everglades Construction Project STAs to treat EAA Reservoir water before those state features are found to be in compliance with applicable legal requirements by state and federal regulators). If required, any such modifications would be analyzed under supplemental NEPA reviews at their respective proposal stage, as they are outside of the scope of this current Final EIS, and not analyzed herein. C&SF, EAA Reservoir & STA, Final EIS ES–3 May 2020 Executive Summary Figure ES-1. Preferred Alternative – Alternative 3 - Corps Recommended Plan COORDINATION WITH AGENCIES AND PUBLIC The SFWMD
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