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Nin Ephemeroptera Faunasi Ve Su Kalitesi Ile Ilişkisi

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Nin Ephemeroptera Faunasi Ve Su Kalitesi Ile Ilişkisi T.C. SÜLEYMAN DEMİREL ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ BOĞA ÇAYI (ANTALYA)’ NIN EPHEMEROPTERA FAUNASI VE SU KALİTESİ İLE İLİŞKİSİ Bilgehan BAKİOĞLU Danışman Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Ömer ERDOĞAN YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ BİYOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI ISPARTA - 2019 © 2019 [ ] Bilgehan BAKİOĞLU İÇİNDEKİLER Sayfa i iii İÇİNDEKİLER ......................................................................................................................... ÖZET ................................ ......................................................................................................... ABSTRACT................................ .............................................................................................. iv TEŞEKKÜR................................ .............................................................................................. v SŞEKİLLER DİZİNİ ................................................................ ................................................. vi ÇİZELGELER DİZİNİ............................................................................................................ 1vii İMGELER VE KISALTMALAR DİZİNİ................................ .......................................... 4viii 1. GİRİŞ................................................................ ..................................................................... 5 1.1. Ephemeroptera Takımının Genel Özellikleri ................................ .............. 6 1.1.1. Sınıflandırılması................................ ............................................................ 9 1.1.2. Ephemeroptera larvalarının vücut yapıları ....................................... 10 1.1.3. Yaşam döngüleri ........................................................................................... 10 1.1.4.1 Üreme................................ ................................................................................ 10 1.1.5. Larva................................ .................................................................................. 12 .1.5.1. Solunum................................ ..................................................................... 1 1.1.5.2. Hareket................................ ...................................................................... 14 1.1.5.3. Beslenmesi............................................................................................... 35 1.1.5.4.Olgunlaşması ............................................................................................ 16 1.1.5.5. Habitatları……………………………………………………………………... 216 2. KAYNAK ÖZETLERİ ........................................................................................................ 26 3. MATERYAL VE YÖNTEM ................................ .................................................................. 26 3.1. Materyal .................................................................................................................... 27 3.1.1. Çalışma alanının yeri ................................ ...................................................... 27 3.2. Yöntem ................................................................................................ ....................... 28 3.2.1. Örnekleme noktaları ................................................................................... 3.2.2. Su örneklerinin alınması ve saklanması.............................................. 29 3.2.3. Ephemeroptera- Örneklerinin alınması, saklanması ve 0 teşhisi ................................................................ ............................................... 0 3.2.4. Fiziko kimyasal su kalitesi tayin yöntemleri................................ ..... 31 3.2.4.1. Su kirliliği kontrolü yönetmeliği...................................................... 31 3.2.5.Biyolojik olarak su kalitesi belirleme yöntemleri............................. 32 3.2.5.1. Saprobi İndeksi (Saprobi Index)...................................................... 32 3.2.5.2. İstatistiksel metotlar................................ ............................................ 32 3.2.5.2.1. Baskınlık analizi ............................................................................. 3 3.2.5.2.2. Sıklık (frekans) analizi ................................................................. 34 3.2.5.2.3. Çeşitlilik analizi .............................................................................. 335 3.2.5.2.4. Benzerlik analizi................................ ............................................. 35 4. ARAŞTIRMA BULGULARI ................................................................................................. 35 4.1. İstasyonlara Ait Genel Bulgular........................................................................ 36 4.1.1. I. istasyon ................................ ........................................................................ 36 4.1.2. II. istasyon ................................ ...................................................................... 3 4.1.3. III. istasyon ..................................................................................................... 3 4.1.4. IV. istasyon ..................................................................................................... 37 4.1.5. V. istasyon ................................ ....................................................................... 4380 4.1.6. VI. istasyon ..................................................................................................... 39 4.2. Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Bulgular ........................................................................... i 4 44 4.2.1. Su sıcaklığı................................ ....................................................................... 453 4.2.2. pH ................................................................ ....................................................... 47 4.2.3. KlorürÇözünmüş oksijen (mg/l)- ................................ .......................................... 48 4.2.4. Elektriksel iletkenlik (µS/cm)2-- ................................ ................................. 50 4.2.5. iyonu miktarı (Cl mg/l)4+-................................ ............................... 50 4.2.6. Nitrit azotu miktarı (NO -N mg/l) ........................................................ 50 4.2.7. Amonyum azotu miktarı (NH N mg/l) ............................................. - 3 4- 52 4.2.8. Nitrat azotu miktarı (NO N mg/l) ................................ ........................ 52 4.2.9.1 Orto2 Fosfat iyonu miktarı (PO P mg/l).............................................. 54 4.2.10. Biyolojik oksijen ihtiyacı (BOİ mg/l).................................................. 55 4.2.1 . O Doygunluğu (%) ................................................................................... 57 4.2.12. Tuzluluk (ppt) ............................................................................................. 4.3. Biyolojik Bulgular .................................................................................................. 58 4.3.1. Ephemeroptera takımına ait organizmaların istasyonlara göre dağılımı .................................................................................................. 62 4.3.2. Ephemeroptera takımına ait organizmaların mevsimlere 64 göre dağılımı................................................................................................ .. 65 4.3.3.5 Ephemeroptera takımına ait türlerin baskınlıkları ......................... 66 4.3.4. Ephemeroptera takımına ait türlerin sıklıkları ................................-wiener 4.3. Ephemeroptera takımınari ait çeşitlilik değerleri .............................. 66 4.3.5.1. Ephemeroptera takımına ait türlerin shannon indeks değerle .................................................................................... 67 4.3.6. Ephemeroptera takımına ait türlerin istasyonlardaki benzerlik değerleri ................................ ...................................................... 68 4.3.7. Ephemeroptera takımına ait türlerin istasyonlardaki sabrobi indeks değerleri ........................................................................... 69 4.3.8. LAWA (1980)’ nın Metoduna Göre Su Kalitesi 70 Değerlendirmesi............................................................................................ 80 5. TARTIŞMA VE SONUÇLAR ............................................................................................... 91 6.KAYNAKLAR....................................................................................................................... ÖZGEÇMİŞ ............................................................................................................................... ii ÖZET Yüksek Lisans Tezi BOĞA ÇAYI (ANTALYA)’ NIN EPHEMEROPTERA FAUNASI VE SU KALİTESİ İLE İLİŞKİSİ Bilgehan BAKİOĞLU Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Danışman: Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Ömer ERDOĞAN n Bu çalışma, Boğa Çayı (Antalya) 2016su –kalitesini fizikokimyasal ve biyolojik yönden 6 incelenerekn Ephemeroptera takımı ile arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amacıylaa ait gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ocak Ekim 2016 tarihleri arasında seçilen istasyonda mevsimsel periyotlarla su ve Ephemeroptera takımınle türler organizmaların örneklemesi yapılmıştır. Ephemeroptera takımına ait 2 familya, 2 cins, 9 takson ve 7101 örnek teşhis edilmiştir. Fizikokimyasal veriler Anahtarilişkilendirilerek Kelimeler:sıklık, baskınlık, çeşitlilik ve benzerlik analizleri yapılmıştır. 2019, 91 sayfa Boğa Çayı,
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