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Commodore 128 Book 2 Adva
COMMODORE C12S BOOK 2 ADVANCED PROGRAMMING COMMODORE el28 ADVANCED PROGRAMMING by Ian Sinclair Glentop Publishers Ltd MARCH 1986 All programs in this book have been written expressly to illustrate specific teaching points. They are not warranted as being suitable for any particular application. Every care has been taken in the writing and presentation of this book but no responsibility is assumed by the author or publishers for any errors or omissions contained herein. COPYRIGHT © Glentop Publishers Ltd 1986 World rights reserved No part of this pUblication may be copied, transmitted or stored in a retrieval system or reproduced in any way including but not limited to photography, photocopy, magnetic or other recording means, without prior permission from the publishers, with the exception of material entered and executed on a computer system for the reader's own use ISBN 1 85181 034 X Published by: Glentop Publishers Ltd Standfast House Bath Place High Street Barnet Herts ENS SXE Tel: 01-441-4130 Printed in Great Britain by The Eastern Press Ltd., London and Reading Contents PREFACE CHAPTER 1 Reminders roundup • Storage space • Machine code • Principles of programming. Other languages CHAPTER 2 Why use disks? • What is a disk system? • Tracks, sectors and density. Formatting disks. Storage space. The disk filing system • Loading and saving • More disk commands • Clearing, retitling and erasing. Backing up • Copying a named flle • Deleting flles • Wildcards and wiping. Protecting disks and programs. Renaming flles CHAPTER 3 Text display. Screen clear and print location. Print fielding. Formatting numbers • Standard form • Money amounts • Titles and centering. Windows. Hard copy CHAPTER 4 Working with numbers. -
The Ultimate C64 Overview Michael Steil, 25Th Chaos Communication Congress 2008
The Ultimate C64 Overview Michael Steil, http://www.pagetable.com/ 25th Chaos Communication Congress 2008 Retrocomputing is cool as never before. People play Look and Feel C64 games in emulators and listen to SID music, but few people know much about the C64 architecture A C64 only needs to be connected to power and a TV and its limitations, and what programming was like set (or monitor) to be fully functional. When turned back then. This paper attempts to give a comprehen- on, it shows a blue-on-blue theme with a startup mes- sive overview of the Commodore 64, including its in- sage and drops into a BASIC interpreter derived from ternals and quirks, making the point that classic Microsoft BASIC. In order to load and save BASIC computer systems aren't all that hard to understand - programs or use third party software, the C64 re- and that programmers today should be more aware of quires mass storage - either a “datasette” cassette the art that programming once used to be. tape drive or a disk drive like the 5.25" Commodore 1541. Commodore History Unless the user really wanted to interact with the BA- SIC interpreter, he would typically only use the BA- Commodore Business Machines was founded in 1962 SIC instructions LOAD, LIST and RUN in order to by Jack Tramiel. The company specialized on elec- access mass storage. LOAD"$",8 followed by LIST tronic calculators, and in 1976, Commodore bought shows the directory of the disk in the drive, and the chip manufacturer MOS Technology and decided LOAD"filename",8 followed by RUN would load and to have Chuck Peddle from MOS evolve their KIM-1 start a program. -
Windows in Concurrent PC
Using Concurrent PC DOS OTHER BOOKS BY THE AUTHOR Microcomputer Operating Systems (1982) The Byte Guide to CP/M-86 (1984) Using Concurrent PC DOS Mark Dahmke McGraw-Hili Book Company New York St. Louis San Francisco Auckland Bogota Hamburg Johannesburg London Madrid Mexico Montreal New Delhi Panama Paris Sao Paulo Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dahmke, Mark. U sing Concurrent PC DOS. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Concurrent PC DOS (Computer operation system) 1. Title. QA76.76.063D34 1986 005.4' 469 85-15473 ISBN 0-07-015073-7 Copyright © 1986 by McGraw-Hili, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 1234567890 DOC/DOC 893210876 ISBN 0-07-015073-7 The editors for this book were Steven Guty and Vivian Koenig, the designer was Naomi Auerbach, and the production supervisor was Teresa F. Leaden. It was set in Century Schoolbook by Byrd Data Imaging. Printed and bound by R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company. To my sister Patricia Contents Chapter 1. Introduction 1 What Is Concurrent PC DOS? 1 What Is an Operating System? 1 The DOS Family Tree 3 The Scope of This Book 5 Chapter 2. Concurrent PC DOS Compatibility 6 Concurrent PC DOS Compatibility 6 PC·DOS, TopView, and the IBM PC AT 7 Concurrent CP/M·86 9 Chapter 3. -
Commodore 64 - Wikipedia
Commodore 64 - Wikipedia http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_64 Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera. Il Commodore 64 (abbreviazioni diffuse: Commodore 64 "C64", "C-64", "C=64", "CBM 64",[1] "64") è un home computer della Commodore Business Machines Inc. commercializzato dal 1982 al 1993 in vari Paesi del mondo. Il Commodore 64 nasce come evoluzione del Commodore VIC-20. Evoluzione in grado di offrire capacità grafiche e sonore migliori rispetto al Commodore VIC-20 a scapito Il Commodore 64 però della compatibilità software. Classe di computer: home computer Del Commodore 64 sono state Paese d'origine: Stati Uniti d'America commercializzate anche tre varianti: il Commodore Business Machines Commodore MAX, il Commodore Educator Produttore: Inc. 64 e il Commodore SX-64, commercializzati rispettivamente a partire dal 1982, 1983 e 6 giugno 1982 (anteprima 1984. Dal Commodore 64 sono inoltre Presentazione: mondiale); 17 settembre 1982 derivate due console per videogiochi: il (anteprima italiana) Commodore 64 Games System e il agosto 1982 (Stati Uniti); Inizio commercializzazione: Commodore 64 DTV. La prima marzo 1983 (Italia) commercializzata a partire dal 1990, la Fine commercializzazione: 1993 seconda a partire dal 2004. Evoluzioni del Commodore 64 sono invece il Commodore Esemplari venduti: 17.000.000 circa 128, il Commodore 128D e il Commodore $ 595 (Stati Uniti); Prezzo di lancio: 65, tutti compatibili a livello software con il ₤ 973.500 (Italia) Commodore 64. I primi due sono stati CPU: MOS 6510 commercilizzati a partire dal 1985, il -
Operating Systems Disk Management
Operating Systems Disk Management Disks, SSDs, RAID, Caching Peter R. Pietzuch [email protected] Disks have come a long way... • IBM 305 RAMAC (1956) – First commercial hard disk: 4.4MB – Footprint: 1.5 m2 – Price: $160,000 • Toshiba 0.85” disk (2005) – Capacity: 4GB – Price: <$300 1 Disk Evolution • Capacity increases exponentially – Access speeds not so much... (why?) 2 Disk Evolution http://www.anandtech.com/show/9866/hard-disk-drives-with-hamr-technology-set-to-arrive-in-2018 3 What is driving demand? Eric Brewer. https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/conference/protected-files/fast16_slides_brewer.pdf 4 Disk Storage Devices 5 Tracks and Cylinders Track Track Cylinder Track Track 6 Sample Disk Specification Parameter IBM 360KB Seagate floppy disk Barracuda ST3400832AS No. of cylinders 40 16,383 Tracks / cylinder 2 16 Sectors / track 9 63 Bytes / sector 512 512 Sectors / disk 720 781,422,768 Disk capacity 360KB 400GB 7 Sector Layout • Surface divided into 20 or more zones – Outer zones have more sectors per track – Ensures that sectors have same physical length – Zones hidden using virtual geometry 8 Disk Addressing • Physical hardware address: (cylinder, surface, sector) – But actual geometry complicated è hide from OS • Modern disks use logical sector addressing (or logical block addresses LBA) – Sectors numbered consecutively from 0..n – Makes disk management much easier – Helps work around BIOS limitations • Original IBM PC BIOS 8GB max • 6 bits for sector, 4 bits for head, 14 bits for cylinder 9 Disk Capacity • Disk capacity -
Floppy Disk - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Page 1 of 22
Line printer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 1 of 5 Line printer From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The line printer is a form of high speed impact printer in which one line of type is printed at a time. They are mostly associated with the early days of computing, but the technology is still in use. Print speeds of 600 to 1200 lines-per-minute (approximately 10 to 20 pages per minute) were common. Contents 1 Designs 1.1 Drum printer 1.2 Chain (train) printer 1.2.1 Band printer 1.3 Bar printer 1.4 Comb printer 2 Paper (forms) handling IBM 1403 line printer, the classic line printer of 3 Origins the mainframe era. 4 Current applications 5 See also 6 References Designs Four principal designs existed: Drum printers Chain (train) printers Bar printers Comb printers Drum printer In a typical drum printer design, a fixed font character set is engraved onto the periphery of a number of print wheels, the number matching the number of columns (letters in a line) the printer could print. The wheels, joined to form a large drum (cylinder), spin at high speed and paper and an inked ribbon is stepped (moved) past the print position. As the desired character for each column passes the print position, a hammer strikes the paper from the rear and presses the paper against the ribbon and the drum, causing the desired character to be recorded on the continuous paper. Because the drum carrying the letterforms Drum Printer (characters) remains in constant motion, the strike-and-retreat http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_printer 2010-12-03 Line printer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 2 of 5 action of the hammers had to be very fast. -
CONTENTS Blue Reader Sogwap Softwares Excellent Program for Transferring Files Between C Page Item 64/C 128 and MS-Dos Based Machines
geoNEWSthe Journal of geoCLUB Issue 68 April 1997 EDITOR’S COMMENTS This Issue brings Part 2 of the Big CONTENTS Blue Reader Sogwap Softwares excellent program for transferring files between C Page Item 64/C 128 and MS-Dos based machines. The concluding part will be published in the May issue. 2 Library Review Another continuing saga is Terry & Sharon reproduced on pages 9 to 12 named as CMD :2. It may seem to the casual reader that the author 4 What To Do... and geoClub are praising CMD very highly. As Sharon Chambers perhaps the only supplier left to the serious C64 user it is perhaps just praise. Far too many CBM Message From... supplier have found user support very lacking GeoNut culminating it their demise. Even the original manufacturer has failed to support the very 5 Big Blue Reader people who put them where they were. CMD in Michael Miller continuing to support the C64 user deserves all the good publicity they can get. 9 C.M.D. :2 Dale Sidebottom Page 4 has a tip from Sharon on gluing back together that most important part of any plastic item that is always the one that breaks. Accompanying this is a message from geoNut with regard to a copyright free disk based LoadStar that should be available from the Library by the time you read this. Published by:- Frank Cassidy See you all in May — Happy Geosing 55, High Bank Road Droylsden (^frank Manchester M43 6FS PAGE 1 The April Disk Review Terry Watts Sharon Chambers 3, Rutland Avenue, 41, Albert Street, Borrowash, Cl HQ Crewe, Derby. -
Partition Types
Partition Types Partition Types The number on the right is in Hexadecimal. 01 DOS 12-bit fat 02 XENIX root 03 XENIX /usr 04 DOS 3.0+ 16-bit FAT (up to 32M) 05 DOS 3.3+ Extended Partition 06 DOS 3.31+ 16-bit FAT (over 32M) 07 OS/2 IFS (e.g., HPFS) 07 Advanced Unix 07 Windows NT NTFS 07 QNX2.x (pre-1988) 08 OS/2 (v1.0-1.3 only) 08 AIX boot partition 08 SplitDrive 08 DELL partition spanning multiple drives 08 Commodore DOS 08 QNX 1.x and 2.x ("qny") 09 AIX data partition 09 Coherent filesystem 09 QNX 1.x and 2.x ("qnz") 0a OS/2 Boot Manager 0a Coherent swap partition 0a OPUS 0b WIN95 OSR2 32-bit FAT 0c WIN95 OSR2 32-bit FAT, LBA-mapped 0e WIN95: DOS 16-bit FAT, LBA-mapped 0f WIN95: Extended partition, LBA-mapped 10 OPUS (?) 11 Hidden DOS 12-bit FAT 12 Compaq config partition 14 Hidden DOS 16-bit FAT <32M 16 Hidden DOS 16-bit FAT >=32M 17 Hidden IFS (e.g., HPFS) 18 AST SmartSleep Partition 19 Unused (Claimed for Willowtech Photon COS) 1b Hidden WIN95 OSR2 32-bit FAT 1c Hidden WIN95 OSR2 32-bit FAT, LBA-mapped 1e Hidden WIN95 16-bit FAT, LBA-mapped 20 Unused 21 Reserved 21 Unused 22 Unused 23 Reserved 24 NEC DOS 3.x 26 Reserved 31 Reserved 32 NOS 33 Reserved 34 Reserved 35 JFS on OS/2 or eCS 36 Reserved 38 THEOS ver 3.2 2gb partition 39 Plan 9 partition 39 THEOS ver 4 spanned partition 3a THEOS ver 4 4gb partition 3b THEOS ver 4 extended partition 3c PartitionMagic recovery partition 3d Hidden NetWare 40 Venix 80286 41 Linux/MINIX (sharing disk with DRDOS) 41 Personal RISC Boot 41 PPC PReP (Power PC Reference Platform) Boot 42 Linux swap (sharing -
Commodore 64 - Wikipedia
Commodore 64 - Wikipedia http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_64 Commodore 64 Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera. Il Commodore 64 ( C64 , C=64 , CBM 64 , Commodore 64 64 ) è stato un home computer molto popolare negli anni ottanta. Il nome adottato dalla casa costruttrice, la Commodore Business Machine, fu inizialmente Vic-30, ma prima della distribuzione venne cambiato in Commodore 64. Indice 1 Introduzione Classe di computer: Home computer 2 Storia Produttore: Commodore 2.1 Origini 2.2 Vincere la guerra del mercato Presentazione: Agosto 1982 2.3 I successori del C64 e il 64C Fine commercializzazione: Aprile 1994 2.4 Una demoscene attiva 3 L'hardware CPU: MOS Technology 6510 3.1 Il microprocessore 1.02 MHz (versione NTSC) Frequenza CPU: 3.2 Il chip video 0.985 MHz (versione PAL) 3.3 Il chip audio RAM di serie: 64 KB 3.4 Negli anni '90 e 2000 3.5 Revisioni dell'hardware Sistema operativo di serie: Commodore BASIC 2.0 4 Periferiche 4.1 Memorie di massa 4.1.1 Registratore a cassette 4.1.2 Drive per floppy disk 4.2 Comunicazione via seriale 4.3 Altre periferiche 5 Software 5.1 Sistema operativo 6 Varianti 6.1 Il case del primo modello 6.2 Commodore 64 - Prima versione 6.3 Commodore 64 - Seconda versione 6.4 Commodore MAX 6.5 Commodore SX-64 Executive 6.6 Commodore Educator 64 6.7 Commodore 64 Golden Edition 6.8 Commodore 64C 6.9 Commodore 64 "ALDI" 6.10 Commodore 64G 6.11 Commodore C64GS 6.12 Commodore C64DX (C65) 6.13 Commodore C64DTV 6.14 Commodore 64 (il ritorno) 7 Easter eggs e "patterns": i lati nascosti del Commodore 64 8 Nei media 1 di 19 19/06/2010 15.41 Commodore 64 - Wikipedia http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_64 9 Note 10 Voci correlate 11 Altri progetti 12 Collegamenti esterni 12.1 Emulatori Introduzione Il Commodore 64 risulta essere il modello di computer più venduto al mondo, record che si trova anche nel Guinness dei primati: nel 1986 furono venduti più di 10 milioni di esemplari in tutto il mondo. -
Jiffydos for the C64/C128
JiffyDOS for the C64/C128 'Look, Ma - no cables1/ Hardware review by Noel Nyman JiffyDOS is available for C64, C64-C, SX64, C128, C128-D sary. The system will work at normal speed with any addition and 1541I1541-CI1541-II, 1571,1581, FSD, MSD, al drives that are not upgraded. Excelerator +, Excel 2001, Enhancer 2000 Unlike some cartridge-based products, ROM replacements C64 series and one drive - $49.95 speed up SAVE and "block access", as well as LOAD. JiffyDOS C128 series and one drive - $59.95 loads files about nine times faster than a standard system. additional drive ROMs - $24.95 Saves are about three times faster. all prices plus shipping, US dollars JiffyDOS works at this faster speed with all types of files, and Creative Micro Designs, P.O. Box 789, with "block accesses" as well. Programs such as SuperBase Wilbraham, MA 01095, (413) 525-0023 may LOAD rapidly with many other products. But, they operate at normal 'slow' speed because they rely heavily on sequential Specify computer and disk drive models when ordering or relative files. JiffyDOS improves the drive performance on any SEQ, REL, or USR file. Direct block access was also about My first encounter with hardware to speed up my C64/1541 three times faster in my tests. combination was 1541 FLASH. It was incredibly fast compared to stock machines. Block reads with "Disk Doctor" were on JiffyDOS uses the standard Commodore DOS format to save the screen almost before you could release the RETURN key. It files. It changes the 'interleave' (the number of disk sectors also sported an extra cable between the drive and the Datasset- skipped between consecutive sectors of a file) to six. -
Acronis Diskeditor User's Guide
Acronis DiskEditor User’s Guide Acronis DiskEditor Copyright © SWsoft 2001-2002. All rights reserved. Linux is a registered trademark owned by Linus Torvalds. OS/2 is a registered trademark owned by IBM Corporation. Unix is a registered trademark owned by The Open Group. Windows is a registered trademark owned by Microsoft Corporation. All other mentioned trademarks may be registered trademarks of their respective owners. Distribution of materials from this Guide, both in original and/or edited form, is forbidden unless a special written permission is obtained directly from it’s au- thor. THIS DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED «AS IS». THERE ARE NO EXPLICIT OR IMPLIED OBLIGATIONS, CONFIRMATIONS OR WARRANTIES, INCLUDING THOSE RELATED TO SOFTWARE MARKETABILITY AND SUITABILITY FOR ANY SPECIFIC PURPOSES, TO THE DEGREE OF SUCH LIMITED LIABILITY APPLICA- BLE BY LAW. 2 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................ 5 1. GENERAL INFORMATION ................................................................................. 8 1.1 FILES. PARTITIONS. CONNECTING A HARD DISK. BIOS SETTINGS.................. 8 1.1.1 FILES, FOLDERS, FILE SYSTEMS .................................................................... 8 1.1.2 HARD DISK PARTITIONS AND SECTORS......................................................... 9 1.2 CONNECTING A HARD DISK TO THE COMPUTER............................................. 10 1.3 SETTING BIOS .............................................................................................. -
Vector CPM 2 Introductory Manual
c;rm r: INTRODUCTORY MANUAL VECIOR GRAPHIC CP1M 2.2 SYSTEM DISKETrE Release 5 INTRODUCTORY MANUAL Revision C JULy 10, 1980 Copyright 1980 Vector Graphic Inc. *CP/M is a registered trademark of Digital Research. Copyright 1980 by Vector Graphic Inc. All rights reserved. Disclaimer Vector Graphic makes no representations or warranties with respect to the contents of this manual itself, whether or not the product it describes is covered by a warranty or repair agreement. Further, Vector Graphic reserves the right to revise this publication and to make changes from time to time in the content hereof without obligation of Vector Graphic to notify any person of such revision or charges, except when an agreement to the contrary exists. Revisions The date and reV1S1on of each page herein appears at the bottom of each page. The revision letter such as A or B changes if the MANUAL has been improved but the PRODUCT itself has not been significantly rnc:dified. The date and revision on the Title Page corresponds to that of the page most recently revised. When the product itself is rrodified significantly, the product will get a new revision number, as shown on the manual's title page, and the manual will revert to revision A, as if it were treating a brand new product. EACH MANUAL SHOULD CNLY BE USED WITH THE PRODucr IDENTIFIED CN THE TITLE PAGE. Rev. 2.2-C 7/10/80 Vector Graphic CP/M 2.2 Introductory Manual FOREWORD Audience 'Ibis manual is intended for canputer suppliers, or others with at least a rroderate technical knowledge of small canputers, and familiarity with the basic operation of the Vector Graphic system.