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Layout 2 Copy 8 AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL REPORT 2010 RIGHTS HUMAN WORLD’S THE OF STATE THE 2010 REPORT INTERNATIONAL AMNESTY THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S HUMAN RIGHTS In a troubled and divided world, Amnesty International reveals truth, bears witness and campaigns for change. For every human rights abuse Amnesty International exposes, it demands accountability. In 2009 this led our members and supporters to push for robust international and national laws and to insist that these laws must be used to bring about real justice. The Amnesty International Report 2010 documents the state of human rights in 159 countries in 2009. It details a year in which accountability seemed a remote ideal for many, AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL REPORT 2010 as people’s lives continued to be torn apart by repression, violence, discrimination, power plays and political THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S HUMAN RIGHTS stalemates. But the report also celebrates real progress. It reveals how it is harder now for perpetrators of the worst crimes to secure impunity. It argues that the demand for accountability is not confined to redress for killings or torture, but extends to the denial of all the rights that we need to live our lives in dignity. This report also records the courage, imagination and determination of the worldwide human rights movement. ISBN 978-0-86210-455-9 20 9 780862 104559 Work with us at www.amnesty.org 10 10 AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL Amnesty International is a global movement of 2.8 million supporters, members and activists who campaign for internationally recognized human rights to be respected and protected. Its vision is for every person to enjoy all of the human rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. Amnesty International’s mission is to conduct research and take action to prevent and end grave abuses of all human rights – civil, political, social, cultural and economic. From freedom of expression and association to physical and mental integrity, from protection from discrimination to the right to housing – these rights are indivisible. Amnesty International is funded mainly by its membership and public donations. No funds are sought or accepted from governments for investigating and campaigning against human rights abuses. Amnesty International is independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion. Amnesty International is a democratic movement whose major policy decisions are taken by representatives from all national sections at International Council meetings held every two years. The members of the International Executive Committee, elected by the Council to carry out its decisions, are Bernard Sintobin (Belgium Flemish – International Treasurer), Pietro Antonioli (Italy), Guadalupe Rivas (Mexico), Tjalling J.S. Tiemstra (Netherlands – co-opted member), Vanushi Rajanayagam Walters (New Zealand), Julio Torales (Paraguay), Louis Mendy (Senegal), Euntae Go (South Korea), Christine Pamp (Sweden – Vice-Chair) and Peter Pack (UK – Chair). First published in 2010 by A catalogue record for this book Printed on 100% recycled All rights reserved. No part Amnesty International is available from the British post-consumer waste paper by of this publication may be Publications Library. Pureprint Group reproduced, stored in a retrieval International Secretariat East Sussex system, or transmitted, Peter Benenson House Original language: English United Kingdom in any form or by any means, 1 Easton Street electronic, mechanical, London WC1X 0DW Photographs: Pureprint is a CarbonNeutral® photocopying, recording and/or United Kingdom All photographs appear with full company, and uses only otherwise without the prior credits and captions elsewhere vegetable-oil-based inks. permission of the publishers. © Copyright in the report. Amnesty International www.amnesty.org Publications 2010 Index: POL 10/001/2010 ISBN: 978-0-86210-455-9 ISSN: 0309-068X AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL REPORT 2010 THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S HUMAN RIGHTS This report covers the period January10 to December 2009. FOREWORD Cuba/117 Pursuing justice: for all rights, for all people Cyprus/119 by Claudio Cordone, interim Secretary General Czech Republic/120 Democratic Republic of the Congo/122 PART 1 Denmark/125 Regional overviews Djibouti/126 Africa/1 Dominican Republic/127 Americas/11 Ecuador/129 Asia-Pacific/21 Egypt/130 Europe and Central Asia/31 El Salvador/134 Middle East and North Africa/41 Equatorial Guinea/135 Eritrea/137 PART 2 Estonia/139 Country entries Ethiopia/139 Afghanistan/55 Fiji/142 Albania/58 Finland/143 Algeria/60 France/144 Angola/62 Gambia/146 Argentina/64 Georgia/148 Armenia/66 Germany/149 Australia/67 Ghana/151 Austria/68 Greece/152 Azerbaijan/69 Guatemala/155 Bahamas/71 Guinea/156 Bahrain/72 Guinea-Bissau/158 Bangladesh/73 Guyana/160 Belarus/75 Haiti/161 Belgium/77 Honduras/163 Benin/78 Hungary/165 Bolivia/79 India/166 Bosnia and Herzegovina/80 Indonesia/170 Brazil/84 Iran/172 Bulgaria/87 Iraq/176 Burkina Faso/89 Ireland/180 Burundi/90 Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories/182 Cambodia/92 Italy/185 Cameroon/94 Jamaica/188 Canada/96 Japan/189 Central African Republic/98 Jordan/191 Chad/100 Kazakhstan/193 Chile/102 Kenya/195 China/104 Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of)/198 Colombia/108 Korea (Republic of)/200 Congo (Republic of)/112 Kuwait/201 Côte d’Ivoire/113 Kyrgyzstan/202 Croatia/114 Laos/203 Amnesty International Report 2010 CONTENTS ANNUAL REPORT 2010 Latvia/204 Slovakia/287 Lebanon/205 Slovenia/289 Liberia/207 Solomon Islands/290 Libya/209 Somalia/291 Lithuania/212 South Africa/295 Macedonia/213 Spain/298 Madagascar/215 Sri Lanka/301 Malawi/216 Sudan/304 Malaysia/217 Suriname/307 Maldives/219 Swaziland/308 Mali/220 Sweden/311 Malta/221 Switzerland/312 Mauritania/221 Syria/313 Mexico/223 Taiwan/316 Moldova/227 Tajikistan/317 Mongolia/229 Tanzania/319 Montenegro/230 Thailand/320 Morocco/Western Sahara/231 Timor-Leste/322 Mozambique/234 Togo/323 Myanmar/236 Trinidad and Tobago/324 Namibia/239 Tunisia/325 Nepal/239 Turkey/328 Netherlands/241 Turkmenistan/331 New Zealand/242 Uganda/333 Nicaragua/243 Ukraine/336 Niger/245 United Arab Emirates/338 Nigeria/246 United Kingdom/339 Oman/249 United States of America/343 Pakistan/250 Uruguay/347 Palestinian Authority/254 Uzbekistan/348 Papua New Guinea/256 Vanuatu/351 Paraguay/257 Venezuela/351 Peru/259 Viet Nam/353 Philippines/261 Yemen/355 Poland/263 Zimbabwe/358 Portugal/264 Puerto Rico/265 PART 3 Qatar/266 Selected international and Romania/267 regional human rights treaties Russian Federation/269 International human rights treaties/368 Rwanda/273 Regional human rights treaties/382 Saudi Arabia/275 Senegal/278 PART 4 Serbia/280 Contact Amnesty International/394 Sierra Leone/284 I want to help/398 Singapore/286 Index/400 Amnesty International Report 2010 COUNTRY DATA The facts at the top of each individual country entry in this report have been drawn from the following sources: All Life expectancy and Adult literacy figures are from the UN Development Programme’s Human Development Index, found at http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_Complete.pdf The latest figures available were Life expectancy at birth (2007) and Adult literacy rate (percentage aged 15 and above, 1999-2007). Data refer to national literacy estimates from censuses or surveys conducted between 1999 and 2007, unless otherwise specified. For more information, see the UNDP website or www.uis.unesco.org Some countries that fall into the UNDP’s ‘high human development’ bracket have been assumed by the UNDP to have a literacy rate of 99% for purposes of calculating the Human Development Index. Where this is the case, we have omitted the figure. All Population figures are for 2009 and Under-5 mortality figures are estimates for the period 2005-2010, both drawn from the UN Fund for Population Activities' Demographic, Social and Economic Indicators, found at http://unfpa.org/swp/2009/en/pdf/EN_SOWP09.pdf Population figures are there solely to indicate the number of people affected by the issues we describe. Amnesty International acknowledges the limitations of such figures, and takes no position on questions such as disputed territory or the inclusion or exclusion of certain population groups. Some country entries in this report have no reference to some or all of the above categories. Such omissions are for a number of reasons, including the absence of the information in the UN lists cited above. These are the latest available figures at the time of going to print, and are for context purposes only. Due to differences in methodology and timeliness of underlying data, comparisons across countries should be made with caution. THE FOLLOWING ABBREVIATIONS ARE USED IN THIS REPORT: ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations AU African Union ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States European Committee for the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Prevention of Torture Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment European Convention on (European) Convention for the Protection of Human Rights Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms EU European Union ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross ILO International Labour Organization NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NGO non-governmental organization OAS Organization of American States OSCE Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe UN United Nations UN Children’s Convention Convention on the Rights of the Child UN Convention against Racism International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial
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