DOCSLIB.ORG

Maximising Ball Release Speed in Overhead Throwing Through Optimising Arm Segment Masses

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Maximising Ball Release Speed in Overhead Throwing Through Optimising Arm Segment Masses MAXIMISING BALL RELEASE SPEED IN OVERHEAD THROWING THROUGH OPTIMISING ARM SEGMENT MASSES A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Patrick Fasbender Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London 28 September 2017 Abstract The tapering distribution of segment masses in the human arm helps in the generation of high ball release speeds in overarm throwing. However, the masses of the individual arm segments might not be optimal; arm segment masses could be optimised in order to improve throwing performance. The aim of this project was to identify and understand the optimal upper arm mass that results in the highest ball release speed in overarm throwing. The first study was a theoretical study, using a simple two-segment model of the arm to determine the optimal combination of arm segment masses that maximises ball release speed. This simplified throw was chosen to identify the basic mechanism causing changes in ball release speed with a heavier upper arm mass. The study identified that there is an optimal upper arm mass, but this optimum depends on the forearm mass and the shoulder torque. Furthermore, the study showed that a heavier forearm mass produces a lower ball release speed. An experimental approach was used in the second study to analyse the effect of additional upper arm mass on ball release speed and throwing mechanics in an overarm throw similar to that used by baseball pitchers. However, group analysis of the ball release speed did not reveal an optimal upper arm mass, and most of the kinematic, kinetic, and temporal variables were not affected by additional upper arm mass. However, analysing the ball release speed of each participant individually revealed that most participants increased their ball release speed, although there was considerable variation in the optimal upper arm mass. As the optimal upper arm masses in this study did not agree with those predicted in the first theoretical study, a 2 more realistic three-dimensional model is needed to simulate the effect of upper arm mass on ball release speed. The third study was a combination of a theoretical and experimental approach. A three-dimensional model of the throwing arm was used to predict the participant’s optimal upper arm mass and to determine the kinematic and kinetic variables that determine the optimal upper arm mass in overarm throwing. Even though the simulations did not accurately predict an athlete’s optimal upper arm mass, the results highlighted that throwing athletes can benefit from a heavier upper arm mass as long as their ability to produce a high internal shoulder rotation angular velocity is not restricted. In summary, the findings of this project highlight that some athletes can benefit from a heavier upper arm mass to maximise their ball release speed without increasing the risk of injuries. However, as the optimal upper arm varies between athletes it is important to analyse each athlete individually. 3 Table of contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................... 2 Table of contents ........................................................................................................ 4 List of figures ............................................................................................................ 13 List of tables ............................................................................................................. 16 Acknowledgments .................................................................................................... 18 General introduction ....................................................................... 19 Literature review .............................................................................. 26 2.1. Throwing a projectile ...................................................................................... 27 2.2. Human evolution and projectile throwing ....................................................... 27 2.3. Classifications of throws ................................................................................ 28 2.4. Determinants of throwing performance .......................................................... 29 2.4.1. Release angle ....................................................................................... 30 2.4.2. Release height ...................................................................................... 31 2.4.3. Release speed ...................................................................................... 32 2.5. Phases of throwing ........................................................................................ 33 2.5.1. Windup ................................................................................................. 34 2.5.2. Stride .................................................................................................... 35 2.5.3. Arm cocking .......................................................................................... 35 2.5.4. Arm acceleration ................................................................................... 36 4 2.5.5. Arm deceleration .................................................................................. 36 2.5.6. Follow-through ...................................................................................... 37 2.6. Kinetic chain .................................................................................................. 37 2.6.1. Conservation of angular momentum ..................................................... 38 2.6.2. Kinetic chain of throwing ....................................................................... 38 Inertial parameters of the kinetic chain ............................................. 39 Temporal variables ........................................................................... 40 Legs .................................................................................................. 41 Trunk ................................................................................................ 43 Shoulder ........................................................................................... 44 Elbow ................................................................................................ 47 Wrist ................................................................................................. 48 2.7. Injuries in overarm throwing ........................................................................... 49 2.7.1. Kinetic variables associated with injuries .............................................. 49 2.7.2. Kinematic variables associated with injuries ......................................... 50 2.7.3. Temporal characteristics associated with injuries ................................. 51 2.8. Experimental vs. simulation design ................................................................ 52 2.8.1. Pros and cons of different study designs .............................................. 52 2.8.2. Force-velocity relationship .................................................................... 53 2.8.3. Computer models of the upper body .................................................... 53 Shoulder models used in throwing studies ....................................... 54 5 Joint rotation sequence in throwing studies ...................................... 54 2.9. Changes of inertial parameters in overarm throwing ..................................... 55 2.9.1. Upper arm mass ................................................................................... 55 2.9.2. Forearm mass ...................................................................................... 57 2.9.3. Risk of injury ......................................................................................... 57 2.10. Summary ..................................................................................................... 58 Optimal mass of the arm segments in overarm throwing: A 2D simulation study. ............................................................................. 60 3.1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 61 3.1.1. Inertial parameters in throwing ............................................................. 62 3.1.2. Importance of upper limbs in throwing .................................................. 64 3.1.3. Temporal lag of joint rotations in throwing ............................................ 64 3.1.4. 2D throwing models .............................................................................. 66 3.1.5. Aims of the study .................................................................................. 67 3.1.6. Hypothesis ............................................................................................ 68 3.2. Methods ......................................................................................................... 69 3.2.1. Participant ............................................................................................. 69 3.2.2. Experimental Setup .............................................................................. 70 3.2.3. Determination of subject-specific simulation characteristics ................. 73 3.2.4. Model description ................................................................................. 74 3.2.5. Dependent variables ............................................................................. 77 6 3.3. Results ..........................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Of All SPORTS Territory of All SPORTS CONTENTS
    Territory of all SPORTS Territory of all SPORTS CONTENTS Mulhouse Alsace Urban Area (m2A), at the crossroads of Europe ..................................................04 Sports area / Plaine Sportive de l’Ill .....................................08 A whole host of premium sports facilities Ill Stadium Alsace Regional Sports Center High performance Swimming Training Center Illberg Water Sports and Swimming Stadium Mulhouse Olympic Skating Rink Sports area / Palais des Sports Gilbert Buttazzoni Sports area / Plaine Sportive du Waldeck ..........................20 A wide range of leisure facilities Canoe-Kayak, Rowing and Sailing Centers ........................ 22 3 ultra-specialised facilities Training, recuperation, relaxation ..........................................24 See the film 6 water sports sites designed for you m2A, territory of all sports on mulhouse-alsace.fr/sport-premium m2A, territory of all sports .....................................................26 02 03 MULHOUSE ALSACE URBAN AREA AT THE EUROAIRPORT MULHOUSE TGV / MAIN HIGHWAYS CROSSROADS Basel-Mulhouse-Fribourg HIGHSPEED TRAIN STATION via the A35 and A36 30 km from Mulhouse direct trains from Zurich - OF EUROPE Marseille - Lyon - Paris - CDG 1:30 BERLIN 1:40 LONDON EuroAirport TGV / highspeed train station Heathrow 1:30 AMSTERDAM 1:15 550 flights a week PARIS in 2 hrs 40: 11 round trips a day 3 EuroVelo (EV) cycling routes: BRUSSELS 100 international destinations LYON: 6 round trips a day EV 6 (River Route) 9 million passengers a year MARSEILLE: 3 round trips a day EV 5 (Via Roma Francigéna) 3:03 ZURICH: 6 round trips a day EV 15 (The Rhine Cycle Route) FRANKFURT 2:40 PARIS Gare de Lyon 1:10 PARIS Roissy 46’ STRASBOURG 41’ FRIBOURG 1:40 VIENNA m2A has a wide range of educational and MULHOUSE 20’ BASEL training facilities •All educational levels: secondary schools and a university.
    [Show full text]
  • Sports History in the British Library: Selected Titles
    SPORT & SOCIETY The Summer Olympics and Paralympics through the lens of social science www.bl.uk/sportandsociety Sports history in the British Library: selected titles Any analysis of sport, sporting events and sports governance must inevitably take into account the historical events which underpin them. For sports researchers, the British Library has an unrivalled collection of resources covering all aspects of the subject and in many different media, from books describing sporting events, to biographies and autobiographies of grass roots and elite athletes; coaching manuals; sport yearbooks and annual reports; directories of athletics clubs; sports periodicals; newspaper reports; and oral history interviews with sports people, including Olympians and Paralympians. These materials cover a long period of sporting activity both in Great Britain and elsewhere in the world. Some early materials As a glance at the earliest editions of the British Museum Library subject index show, the term ‘sport’ in the 18th century (and for much of the nineteenth) usually referred to blood sports. Nevertheless the existence of such headings as Rowing, Bowls, Cricket, Football, and Gymnastics in these early indexes point to a longstanding role for sport -as currently understood - in British social life. As was the case in ancient times, sports might originate as forms of preparation for war (from 1338, when the Hundred year’s war with France began, a series of English kings passed laws to make football illegal for fear that it would consume too much of the time set aside for archery practice); but they could also represent the natural human desire for friendly competition, so that alongside the jousting of the elite, games like bowling, stool ball and football could hold important places in the lives of ordinary people.
    [Show full text]
  • MEDIA and LITERARY REPRESENTATIONS of LATINOS in BASEBALL and BASEBALL FICTION by MIHIR D. PAREKH Presented to the Faculty of T
    MEDIA AND LITERARY REPRESENTATIONS OF LATINOS IN BASEBALL AND BASEBALL FICTION by MIHIR D. PAREKH Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN ENGLISH THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON May 2015 Copyright © by Mihir Parekh 2015 All Rights Reserved ii Acknowledgements I would like to express my thanks to my supervisor, Dr. William Arcé, whose knowledge and expertise in Latino studies were vital to this project. I would also like to thank the other members of my committee, Dr. Timothy Morris and Dr. James Warren, for the assistance they provided at all levels of this undertaking. Their wealth of knowledge in the realm of sport literature was invaluable. To my family: the gratitude I have for what you all have provided me cannot be expressed on this page alone. Without your love, encouragement, and support, I would not be where I am today. Thank you for all you have sacrificed for me. April 22, 2015 iii Abstract MEDIA AND LITERARY REPRESENTATIONS OF LATINOS IN BASEBALL AND BASEBALL FICTION Mihir D. Parekh, MA The University of Texas at Arlington, 2015 Supervising Professors: William Arcé, Timothy Morris, James Warren The first chapter of this project looks at media representations of two Mexican- born baseball players—Fernando Valenzuela and Teodoro “Teddy” Higuera—pitchers who made their big league debuts in the 1980s and garnered significant attention due to their stellar play and ethnic backgrounds. Chapter one looks at U.S. media narratives of these Mexican baseball players and their focus on these foreign athletes’ bodies when presenting them the American public, arguing that 1980s U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to Sport Invention3
    THE INSTITUTE FOR AESTHLETICS GUIDE TO SPORT INVENTION! Hello! If you are reading this you have had the unfortunate pleasure to sit through an Institute for Aesthletics workshop on sport design! Now you must read through this resource packet! We here at the Institute do not believe so much in formal thought so we will try to keep this packet as useful and unlaborious as possible. That being said, we have many helpful insights on sport design that we would love to share with you. Since we may have reviewed many of these pointers, this guide both serves as a refresher and also expands on some ideas only touched on at the workshop. Introduction Why Invent New Sports? Why would you invent a new sport when there are already so many great sports out there like Underwater Ice Hockey, Wife Carrying, and Volleyball? The list is endless! So what is the point when we already have these great games? Well, the thing is, while it is great to be able to just go outside and play a sport like ski jumping or synchronized swimming without having to “invent” anything, the labor of making up a game is actually worthwhile and fun. To see how fun and, gasp, how educational sport invention is, we can turn to the foremost experts of sport inventors: children. Children invent sports all the time, at least they used to before Play Station. When I was a young lad, growing up in the hardscrabble streets of an upper middle class Brooklyn neighborhood, we were forced to make up our own fun.
    [Show full text]
  • 2013 Tribute Baseball Checklist BASE
    2013 Tribute Baseball Checklist BASE Featurng 100 different subjects inclduing the following: Adrian Gonzalez Boston Red Sox® Al Kaline Detroit Tigers® Albert Pujols Angels® Alex Rodriguez New York Yankees® Andre Dawson Chicago Cubs® Babe Ruth New York Yankees® Buster Posey San Francisco Giants® Carlos Gonzalez Colorado Rockies™ Carlton Fisk Boston Red Sox® CC Sabathia New York Yankees® Clayton Kershaw Los Angeles Dodgers® Cliff Lee Philadelphia Phillies® David Freese St. Louis Cardinals® Derek Jeter New York Yankees® Dustin Pedroia Boston Red Sox® Ernie Banks Chicago Cubs® Evan Longoria Tampa Bay Rays™ Felix Hernandez Seattle Mariners™ Frank Thomas Chicago White Sox® Giancarlo Stanton Miami Marlins™ Hanley Ramirez Los Angeles Dodgers® Jacoby Ellsbury Boston Red Sox® Jered Weaver Angels® Joe Mauer Minnesota Twins® Joey Votto Cincinnati Reds® John Smoltz Atlanta Braves™ Johnny Bench Cincinnati Reds® Jose Bautista Toronto Blue Jays® Josh Hamilton Texas Rangers® Justin Upton Arizona Diamondbacks® Justin Verlander Detroit Tigers® Ken Griffey Jr. Seattle Mariners™ Mariano Rivera New York Yankees® Mark Teixeira New York Yankees® Matt Holliday St. Louis Cardinals® Matt Kemp Los Angeles Dodgers® Miguel Cabrera Detroit Tigers® Mike Schmidt Philadelphia Phillies® Nolan Ryan Texas Rangers® Prince Fielder Detroit Tigers® Reggie Jackson Oakland Athletics™ Roberto Clemente Pittsburgh Pirates® Robinson Cano New York Yankees® Roy Halladay Philadelphia Phillies® Ryan Braun Milwaukee Brewers™ Ryan Howard Philadelphia Phillies® Ryan Zimmerman Washington Nationals® Stan Musial St. Louis Cardinals® Troy Tulowitzki Colorado Rockies™ Willie Mays San Francisco Giants® AUTOGRAPHS On-Card Autographs At least 150 different cards including the following: Adam Jones Baltimore Orioles® Adrian Gonzalez Boston Red Sox® Albert Pujols Angels® Albert Belle Cleveland Indians® Andre Dawson Chicago Cubs® Andy Pettitte New York Yankees® Bob Gibson St.
    [Show full text]
  • The Determinants and Development of Fast Bowling Performance in Cricket
    The Determinants and Development of Fast Bowling Performance in Cricket Simon A. Feros This thesis is submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Human Movement) School of Health Sciences Federation University Australia P.O. Box 663 University Drive, Mount Helen Ballarat Victoria 3353 Australia Submitted September 2015 Page | i Abstract This thesis sought to reveal the physical and kinematic determinants of pace bowling performance. After drawing on these determinants, a secondary aim was to investigate whether pace bowling performance could be enhanced with chronic resistance training and warm-up strategies. However, before the physical and kinematic determinants of pace bowling performance could be identified, and the effects of two training interventions and warm-ups on pace bowling performance, a new pace bowling test was created, and the test-retest reliability of its performance and kinematic measures were evaluated. Knowledge of a variables’ test-retest reliability is important for interpreting the validity of correlations, but also for the determination of a meaningful change following a training intervention. Only one published study to date has explored the test-retest reliability of a pace bowling assessment, and this test only measured bowling accuracy (1). Previous research has not comprehensively examined the relationships between physical qualities and pace bowling performance. Several important physical qualities (e.g., power, speed-acceleration, flexibility, repeat-sprint ability) have been excluded in correlational research, which may be crucial for optimal pace bowling performance. Furthermore, there is only one published training intervention study on pace bowling research (2). Consequently there is scant evidence for coaches to design training programs proven to enhance pace bowling performance.
    [Show full text]
  • Adaptive Sports Medicine in the Para-Athlete
    Adaptive Sports Medicine in the Para-Athlete Mark Fisher MD, FAAPMR Director, Adaptive Sports Medicine Clinic Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Children’s Mercy Hospital – Kansas City Assistant Professor of Pediatrics | UMKC School of Medicine Objectives • Define Adaptive Sports Medicine and the Paralympic movement • Describe the pre-participation exam for the para-athlete • Review the benefits of physical activity and sport for individuals with disability • Review common medical considerations of physical activity in those with congenital and acquired disability No financial disclosures Adaptive Sports Movement • 1888: founding of the Sports Club for the Deaf in Berlin • 1948: Sir Ludwig Guttmann organised a sports competition involving World War II veterans with a spinal cord-related injury in Stoke Mandeville, England (16 athletes) • 1952: Stoke Mandeville Games became international (126 athletes in 4 sports) and the Paralympic Movement was born • 1989: International Paralympic Committee (IPC) formed • 2001: “One bid, one city” model with Olympic Games • 2019: renamed “United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee” Disability ≠ Inability • Running • Volleyball • Cycling • Water Sports • Golf • Sled Hockey • Wheelchair • Alpine Skiing/Snowboarding ➢ Basketball • Throwing sports ➢ Rugby ➢ Discuss, Javelin, Shot put, ➢ Football Boccia ➢ Power Soccer • Shooting Sports ➢ Softball ➢ Archery, air rifle, trapshooting ➢ Sport Dance ➢ Fencing • Weight Lifting ➢ Curling • Combat Sports ➢ Tennis and Table tennis ➢ Judo, boxing, wrestling, MMA
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Evidence-Based Classification for Paralympic
    TOWARDSEVIDENCE-BASEDCLASSIFICATIONFORPARALYMPIC RUNNINGANDTHROWINGEVENTS jemima grace spathis A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2015 School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences ABSTRACT Classification in Paralympic athletics aims to promote participation by people with disabili- ties by minimising the impact of impairment on the outcome of competition. Achieving this aim will ensure successful athletes are those who have the most favourable physiological, anthropometric and psychological attributes and not simply those who are less impaired than their competitors. The aim of this program of research is to make a scientific con- tribution to the development of evidence-based methods of classification for Paralympic running and throwing events. Section 1 describes the key concepts of Paralympic classification. Evidence-based meth- ods of classification require research that evaluates the relative strength of association be- tween valid measures of the impairment performance. A valid measure of impairment requires several measurement properties, one being that it should be resistant to training. Unfortunately it is likely that available measures of impaired strength and coordination will improve in response to athletic training, creating the possibility that well-trained athletes may improve their impairment profile and subsequently be competitively disadvantaged by being placed into a class with athletes with less severe impairments than themselves. Therefore a second research requirement for evidence-based methods of classification is the development of tests that will permit classifiers to determine the extent to which an athlete may have positively influenced their impairment profile through athletic training. These are referred to as Training Assessment Tests (TAT) which should be highly responsive to training and have a significant relationship to performance.
    [Show full text]
  • Great Outing, Even Greater People in Sandy
    Whether pitching in Wrigley Field or Dodger Stadium, Sandy Koufax almost always got a fight from the Cubs. (Photos courtesy of the Leo Bauby Collection). Great outing, even greater people in Sandy Koufax perfecto against Chicago Cubs By George Castle, CBM Historian Posted Thursday, September 3, 2015 (Second of a two-part series on the 50th anniversary of Sandy Koufax’s perfect game against the Cubs on Sept. 9, 1965 in what may have been the greatest pitching duel in history with Chicago lefty Bob Hendley.) On the surface, the Sandy Koufax perfect game is part of baseball mythology, Koufax’s fastball growing ever faster over the decades, the Cubs’ swings even more futile, the lone run scored even more fluky, the only hit in the game even more shaky. Oral history is the main conduit of its memories, and you know how baseball stories get exaggerated as time progresses. It might as well have taken place in the 19th Century, given how 15 years into the TV era — and with the dramatic expansion of network color telecasts beginning the next week — only three innings of halting home-movie film ex- ists (see accompanying story below). Three network-owned stations and four other inde- pendent VHF stations in Los Angeles, all with regular newscasts, declined to film the game despite the Dodgers’ position in the pennant race. The radio broadcast recordings were cobbled together. www.ChicagoBaseballMuseum.org [email protected] Statistically, the game was the greatest pitching duel Editor's note: in history. Koufax and Hendley took no-hitters into the seventh inning.
    [Show full text]
  • Throwing Injuries of the Shoulder*
    Br J Sp Med 1993; 27(4) Review Br J Sports Med: first published as 10.1136/bjsm.27.4.221 on 1 December 1993. Downloaded from Throwing injuries of the shoulder* Stephen Copeland FRCS Royal Berkshire Hospital, London Road, Reading, UK A review of the mechanism of throwing is presented and induced velocity of hammer throwing (Figure 2), the split into the different phases. The presentation and explosive push of putting the shot (Figure 3) and the history is often more important than the clinical signs spinning pull of the discus throw (Figure 4). The which may only be present after repetitive throwing majority of basic biomechanical investigation activity. The pathological relationship between instability has and impingement is discussed. Arthroscopy has been been done on the baseball pitcher's throwing action found to be extremely helpful in extending knowledge of and the study of this mechanism can help us analyse pathological anatomy as well as defining diagnosis and other throwing mechanisms. aiding treatment. Keywords: Shoulder, throwing injuries, arthroscopy, impingement and instability Injuries related to the throwing sports are commonly seen in the general sports injury clinic. The upper extremity accounts for 75% of these injuries with the shoulder being the most common joint involved. The act of throwing means different things to different sportsmen and in cricket it is against the rules for the bowler to throw the ball. It could be assumed that a throw is the action we make when throwing a pebble into the sea but in fact the sequence of events and biomechanics of this are completely different from that of the straight arm http://bjsm.bmj.com/ throw of javelin throwing (Figure 1), the centrifugally Figure 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Candle Lighting Time Is 7:50 Sabbath Services Start at 9:30
    Candle lighting time is 7:50 Sabbath services start at 9:30 What do Danny Kravitz, Hank Greenberg, John Grabow, and Ike Davis have in common? They are all Jews who played for the Pirates There is a long standing stereotype that says that Jews can’t play sports, that they have brains, but no brawn. In 1907, Harvard president Charles Elliot said, “Jews are definitely inferior in stature and physical development.” A 1998 New York Times article referred to, “that reputedly rare species – the Jewish athlete.” Well, last week I was watching the Bucs play the Tigers at PNC Park, and there, on the Tigers bench, sat Manager Brad Ausmus, a Jew, and out at second base was an All Star by the name of Ian Kinsler, another Jew. And one of the greatest sluggers of all time, a former Tiger, and later in his career a Pittsburgh Pirate, Hank Greenberg, was also a Jew. Current Jewish players in MLB also include Ryan Braun of the Brewers, Ike Davis of the A’s, Scott Feldman of the Astros, Jason Marquis of the Reds, Craig Breslow of the Red Sox, Jason Kipnis of the Indians, Danny Valencia of the Blue Jays, Sam Fuld of the A’s, Ryan Lavarnway of the Orioles, and Joc Pederson of the Dodgers. So who were the best Jewish players ever? Let’s start with Sandy Koufax, perhaps the best left handed pitcher of all time. How good was Koufax? Well, the fans who voted in Baseball’s balloting for the All Century Team picked Koufax as the top lefthander of the century, trailing only Nolan Ryan in the overall voting for pitchers.
    [Show full text]
  • Determinants of Major League Baseball Player Salaries
    Syracuse University SURFACE Syracuse University Honors Program Capstone Syracuse University Honors Program Capstone Projects Projects Spring 5-1-2013 Determinants of Major League Baseball Player Salaries Tyler Wasserman Syracuse University Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/honors_capstone Part of the Sports Management Commons Recommended Citation Wasserman, Tyler, "Determinants of Major League Baseball Player Salaries" (2013). Syracuse University Honors Program Capstone Projects. 99. https://surface.syr.edu/honors_capstone/99 This Honors Capstone Project is brought to you for free and open access by the Syracuse University Honors Program Capstone Projects at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Syracuse University Honors Program Capstone Projects by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Determinants of Major League Baseball Player Salaries A Capstone Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Renée Crown University Honors Program at Syracuse University Tyler Wasserman Candidate for Bachelor of Science Degree and Renée Crown University Honors December 2013 Honors Capstone in Sport Management Capstone Project Advisor: ______________________________ Rodney Paul, Professor Capstone Project Reader: ______________________________ Michael Veley, Director & Chair Honors Director: ______________________________ Stephen Kuusisto, Director Date: March 6, 2014 © Tyler Wasserman, March 6, 2014 Abstract In 2003, Michael Lewis published Moneyball: The Art of Winning an Unfair Game , which forever changed the finances and economics of baseball. It began a movement towards using advanced statistical analysis to determine the value of baseball players, in order to build a roster that will win the most games at the lowest cost. The Moneyball movement has resulted in a multitude of new statistics to try to drill a player’s value down to one number that represents his marginal revenue product, or his individual contribution to the team’s success.
    [Show full text]