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Scientific Communities in the Developing World Scientific Communities in the Developing World
Scientific Communities in the Developing World Scientific Communities in the Developing World Edited by jacques Caillard V.V. Krishna Roland Waast Sage Publications New Delhiflhousand Oaks/London Copyright @) Jacques Gaillard, V.V. Krishna and Roland Waast, 1997. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. First published in 1997 by Sage Publications India Pvt Ltd M-32, Greater Kailash Market I New Delhi 110 048 Sage Publications Inc Sage Publications Ltd 2455 Teller Road 6 Bonhill Street Thousand Oaks, California 91320 London EC2A 4PU Published by Tejeshwar Singh for Sage Publications India Pvt Ltd, phototypeset by Pagewell Photosetters, Pondicherry and printed at Chaman Enterprises, Delhi. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Scientific communities in the developing world I edited by Jacques Gaillard, V.V. Krishna, Roland Waast. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Science-Developing countries--History. 2. Science-Social aspect- Developing countries--History. I. Gaillard, Jacques, 1951- . 11. Krishna, V.V. 111. Waast, Roland, 1940- . Q127.2.S44 306.4'5'091724--dc20 1996 9617807 ISBN: 81-7036565-1 (India-hb) &8039-9330-7 (US-hb) Sage Production Editor: Sumitra Srinivasan Contents List of Tables List of Figures Preface 1. Introduction: Scientific Communities in the Developing World Jacques Gaillard, V.V. Krishna and Roland Waast Part 1: Scientific Communities in Africa 2. Sisyphus or the Scientific Communities of Algeria Ali El Kenz and Roland Waast 3. -
Co-Opting Identity: the Manipulation of Berberism, the Frustration of Democratisation, and the Generation of Violence in Algeria Hugh Roberts DESTIN, LSE
1 crisis states programme development research centre www Working Paper no.7 CO-OPTING IDENTITY: THE MANIPULATION OF BERBERISM, THE FRUSTRATION OF DEMOCRATISATION AND THE GENERATION OF VIOLENCE IN LGERIA A Hugh Roberts Development Research Centre LSE December 2001 Copyright © Hugh Roberts, 2001 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission in writing of the publisher nor be issued to the public or circulated in any form other than that in which it is published. Requests for permission to reproduce any part of this Working Paper should be sent to: The Editor, Crisis States Programme, Development Research Centre, DESTIN, LSE, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE. Crisis States Programme Working papers series no.1 English version: Spanish version: ISSN 1740-5807 (print) ISSN 1740-5823 (print) ISSN 1740-5815 (on-line) ISSN 1740-5831 (on-line) 1 Crisis States Programme Co-opting Identity: The manipulation of Berberism, the frustration of democratisation, and the generation of violence in Algeria Hugh Roberts DESTIN, LSE Acknowledgements This working paper is a revised and extended version of a paper originally entitled ‘Much Ado about Identity: the political manipulation of Berberism and the crisis of the Algerian state, 1980-1992’ presented to a seminar on Cultural Identity and Politics organized by the Department of Political Science and the Institute for International Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, in April 1996. Subsequent versions of the paper were presented to a conference on North Africa at Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, under the title 'Berber politics and Berberist ideology in Algeria', in April 1998 and to a staff seminar of the Government Department at the London School of Economics, under the title ‘Co-opting identity: the political manipulation of Berberism and the frustration of democratisation in Algeria’, in February 2000. -
'Deprived of Their Liberty'
'DEPRIVED OF THEIR LIBERTY': ENEMY PRISONERS AND THE CULTURE OF WAR IN REVOLUTIONARY AMERICA, 1775-1783 by Trenton Cole Jones A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland June, 2014 © 2014 Trenton Cole Jones All Rights Reserved Abstract Deprived of Their Liberty explores Americans' changing conceptions of legitimate wartime violence by analyzing how the revolutionaries treated their captured enemies, and by asking what their treatment can tell us about the American Revolution more broadly. I suggest that at the commencement of conflict, the revolutionary leadership sought to contain the violence of war according to the prevailing customs of warfare in Europe. These rules of war—or to phrase it differently, the cultural norms of war— emphasized restricting the violence of war to the battlefield and treating enemy prisoners humanely. Only six years later, however, captured British soldiers and seamen, as well as civilian loyalists, languished on board noisome prison ships in Massachusetts and New York, in the lead mines of Connecticut, the jails of Pennsylvania, and the camps of Virginia and Maryland, where they were deprived of their liberty and often their lives by the very government purporting to defend those inalienable rights. My dissertation explores this curious, and heretofore largely unrecognized, transformation in the revolutionaries' conduct of war by looking at the experience of captivity in American hands. Throughout the dissertation, I suggest three principal factors to account for the escalation of violence during the war. From the onset of hostilities, the revolutionaries encountered an obstinate enemy that denied them the status of legitimate combatants, labeling them as rebels and traitors. -
Ansley Hamid, Ph.D
Ansley Hamid, Ph.D ANSLEY HAMID 150 Joralemon Street, #6A Brooklyn, N.Y.11201. cell (347) 385-7490 email [email protected] EDUCATION 1980 Columbia University, Teachers College: Joint Program in Applied Anthropology and Education, Ph.D. (May) 1978 Columbia University, Teachers College: Joint Program in Applied Anthropology and Education, M.Phil. 1977 Columbia University, Teachers College: Joint Program in Applied Anthropology and Education, M.Ed. 1976 Columbia University, Teachers College: Joint Program in Applied Anthropology and Education, M.A. 1968 University of London, London School of Economics: B.A. (Honors) in Sociology 1963 St. Mary's College, Trinidad: Higher School Certificate (Cambridge) 1960 St. Mary's College, Trinidad: Senior School Certificate (Cambridge) 2009 University of Nebraska at Omaha, Nebraska: Center for Afghanistan Studies. Intensive training in Islamic Studies, Dari, Pashto, and Afghan history, society and culture from November 30 to December 18. ACADEMIC AND RESEARCH POSITIONS 1997-2011 Sixth Sense (Brooklyn and Manhattan) CEO: Southeast Asian religious art. Sept. 2010 The New School, Eugene Lang College of Liberal Arts, Urban Studies: Adjunct Professor of Anthropology 2003 Columbia University, Teachers College, International and Transcultural Studies: Adjunct Professor of Anthropology. 1997-2003 City University of New York (CUNY), John Jay College of Criminal Justice, Department of Anthropology: Professor on leave (retired 2003) 1 Ansley Hamid, Ph.D 1992-2997 City University of New York (CUNY), John Jay College of Criminal Justice, Department of Anthropology: Associate Professor. 1987-1992 City University of New York (CUNY), John Jay College of Criminal Justice, Department of Anthropology: Assistant Professor. 1985-1987 City University of New York (CUNY), John Jay College of Criminal Justice, Department of Anthropology: Adj.Assistant Professor of Anthropology. -
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Case Log October 2000 - April 2002
Description of document: Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Case Log October 2000 - April 2002 Requested date: 2002 Release date: 2003 Posted date: 08-February-2021 Source of document: Information and Privacy Coordinator Central Intelligence Agency Washington, DC 20505 Fax: 703-613-3007 Filing a FOIA Records Request Online The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is a First Amendment free speech web site and is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website. 1 O ct 2000_30 April 2002 Creation Date Requester Last Name Case Subject 36802.28679 STRANEY TECHNOLOGICAL GROWTH OF INDIA; HONG KONG; CHINA AND WTO 36802.2992 CRAWFORD EIGHT DIFFERENT REQUESTS FOR REPORTS REGARDING CIA EMPLOYEES OR AGENTS 36802.43927 MONTAN EDWARD GRADY PARTIN 36802.44378 TAVAKOLI-NOURI STEPHEN FLACK GUNTHER 36810.54721 BISHOP SCIENCE OF IDENTITY FOUNDATION 36810.55028 KHEMANEY TI LEAF PRODUCTIONS, LTD. -
Collective Action and Discursive Shifts: a Comparative Historical Perspective
Collective Action and Discursive Shifts: A Comparative Historical Perspective By Edmund Burke, III University of California, Santa Cruz March 6, 1998 The Problem: Imagining Nationalism and Islamism The task of this paper is twofold: first, through a consideration of some important discursive issues, to explain the context of our present theoretical embarrassment, and second, through brief history of collective action to suggest some ways in which we can begin to understand the magnitude of the chang es. I will argue that largely unnoticed by scholars, the repertoires of collective action in the Middle East in modern times have undergone two major transformations, and that these map onto major discursive shifts from Islamic moral economy to nationalism to Islamism. Deeply rooted strands of Islamic culture and the discursive structures of post -Enlightenment thought, these discursive changes have thus resulted in a far-reaching transformation in ideas of the polity, of legitimacy, as well as of personal identity. As a world historian interested in both the history of European orientalism and modern Islamic history, I have long been struck by the similarities between the indeterminacy of our present time and that of the early twentieth century. One place where these indeterminacies come together is the Middle East. Unpredicted by all observers, an Islamic political revival is under way. Since the Islamic revolution in Iran 2 (1978-79), secular nationalism is in retreat in the region, confounding both Left and Right alike. Why is there an Islamist movement in Algeria (the erstwhile center of Third Worldism)? 1 Why is Egypt, which was the leader of progressive Arab nationalism under Nasser, itself increasingly exposed to an Islamist challenge? How are we to und erstand these developments? Do they represent a retreat from modernity? Accounting for the Islamist movement in the Middle East has thus far confounded all theories. -
“Islamic Extremism”1
Islamic Extremism – Page 1 of 9 On “Islamic Extremism”1 Dr. Zafarul-Islam Khan Editor, The Milli Gazette, New Delhi [email protected] The theme of this international conference is “How to Understand and Co-exist with Radical Islam.” But when I read the concept paper, or the brochure, it became clear from the very first paragraph that the issue at hand is “Islamic terrorism” and that, in the view of the writer of the concept paper, the only terror that exists in the world or should be fought is the Islamic or Muslim terror. The concept paper also tells us in the very first paragraph that “The terrorists are immersed in Islamic history and doctrine.” The concept paper then goes on to say that “The world had yet to devise a strategy to understand, manage or counter the menace,” and that “We either have to score a victory in this war, which at the moment appears not possible… or have to design a framework to learn to co-exist with this growing global militant threat.” If I am not wrong, the presumption is that the so-called “Islamic terrorism” is immersed in Islamic history and culture, that the current war against Islamic terrorism is not succeeding, so we should find a framework to co-exist with it. I will try to briefly examine these assumptions and show how far they are correct. “Islamic extremism” is a fairly modern term. It is true that early Islam saw the rise of the Khawarij, or the Kharijites, during the caliphates of the third and fourth Caliphs of Islam, that is during the first Hijri century itself. -
Mining Wars: Corporate Expansion and Labor Violence in the Western Desert, 1876-1920
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones 2009 Mining wars: Corporate expansion and labor violence in the Western desert, 1876-1920 Kenneth Dale Underwood University of Nevada Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations Part of the Latin American History Commons, Social History Commons, and the United States History Commons Repository Citation Underwood, Kenneth Dale, "Mining wars: Corporate expansion and labor violence in the Western desert, 1876-1920" (2009). UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.34917/1377091 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MINING WARS: CORPORATE EXPANSION AND LABOR VIOLENCE IN THE WESTERN DESERT, 1876-1920 by Kenneth Dale Underwood Bachelor of Arts University of Southern California 1992 Master -
On Deathsmarholiday Gaiety Japan Names Leader
on SEE STORY PAGE 2 Rainy Periods Cool with periods of rain FINAL around 70, low tonight in the Red Bank, Freehold upper 50s. Long Branch EDITION 34 PAGES Monmonth County's Outstanding Home Newspaper VOL, 95 NO. 7 RED BANK, N.J. WEDNESDAY, JULY 5,1972 TEN CENTS iiiiuiiiiBniiiiiiiiiiiniiiifimiiiiiiimiiiiuiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii tmimmiHiiiiiiiiinniiiiiiinimiiiiuniBHUiuiiunuimuiHiiiiiiwiiiiiiiiuiuuiniiniiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiin iiinniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiimiiiniiiniiiiiiiiiiiiinii DeathsMarHoliday Gaiety Herman Blank, 49, collapsed the government By The Associated Press were also two homicides, a took place during a family ar- drowning and one fireman gument. Hooks died some at the scene of a fire that de- Alderman Frederick W. Lie- stroyed the roof of a restau- berhauser told a meeting of The long July 4th holiday died of an apparent heart at- hours after the incident in a tack. Philadelphia hospital. rant. Camden County Coroner the Board of Aldermen that was filled with sunshine and • everyone should "counter this Later today in Mount Holly, Yesterday, Mark D'Ambro, Blair M. Murphy said Blank ceremonies throughout New "negativism" by declaring, "I, Bill M. Jordan, 75, of Pember- 18, of Yeadon, Pa., was apparently succumbed to a Jersey, but deaths caused by am proud to be an Ameri* ton is scheduled to be ar- charged with the fatal stabb- heart attack, his second with- traffic, homicides and fire can," and fellow Alderman raigned on murder charges in ing of Steven P. Warren, 18, of in a year. marred the celebration for Emidio Cacciabeve, praising connection with the shooting Philadelphia during a North This year, the holiday many. the American way of life, death of his son-in-law, Army Wildwood street brawl. -
Beyond Empire and Nation (CS6)-2012.Indd 1 11-09-12 16:57 BEYOND EMPIRE and N ATION This Monograph Is a Publication of the Research Programme ‘Indonesia Across Orders
ISBN 978-90-6718-289-8 ISBN 978-90-6718-289-8 9 789067 182898 9 789067 182898 Beyond empire and nation (CS6)-2012.indd 1 11-09-12 16:57 BEYOND EMPIRE AND N ATION This monograph is a publication of the research programme ‘Indonesia across Orders. The reorganization of Indonesian society.’ The programme was realized by the Netherlands Institute for War Documentation (NIOD) and was supported by the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport. Published in this series by Boom, Amsterdam: - Hans Meijer, with the assistance of Margaret Leidelmeijer, Indische rekening; Indië, Nederland en de backpay-kwestie 1945-2005 (2005) - Peter Keppy, Sporen van vernieling; Oorlogsschade, roof en rechtsherstel in Indonesië 1940-1957 (2006) - Els Bogaerts en Remco Raben (eds), Van Indië tot Indonesië (2007) - Marije Plomp, De gentleman bandiet; Verhalen uit het leven en de literatuur, Nederlands-Indië/ Indonesië 1930-1960 (2008) - Remco Raben, De lange dekolonisatie van Indonesië (forthcoming) Published in this series by KITLV Press, Leiden: - J. Thomas Lindblad, Bridges to new business; The economic decolonization of Indonesia (2008) - Freek Colombijn, with the assistance of Martine Barwegen, Under construction; The politics of urban space and housing during the decolonization of Indonesia, 1930-1960 (2010) - Peter Keppy, The politics of redress; war damage compensation and restitution in Indonesia and the Philippines, 1940-1957 (2010) - J. Thomas Lindblad and Peter Post (eds), Indonesian economic decolonization in regional and international perspective (2009) In the same series will be published: - Robert Bridson Cribb, The origins of massacre in modern Indonesia; Legal orders, states of mind and reservoirs of violence, 1900-1965 - Ratna Saptari en Erwiza Erman (ed.), Menggapai keadilan; Politik dan pengalaman buruh dalam proses dekolonisasi, 1930-1965 - Bambang Purwanto et al. -
“Who Got the Camera?” Bringing Race and Police Killings Into Focus
HFG RESEARCH AND POLICY IN BRIEF “Who Got the Camera?” Bringing Race and Police Killings into Focus ROD K. BRUNSON MARCH 2021 HARRY FRANK GUGGENHEIM FOUNDATION Introduction On May 25, 2020, George Floyd, an unarmed 46-year-old Black man, died after lying under the weight of a Minneapolis police officer’s knee for a reported eight minutes and 46 seconds. Before succumbing, Floyd writhed in pain on the pavement and pled with the assembled officers for lifesaving aid, repeatedly uttering that he could not breathe. Ghastly images of the encounter were captured on a bystander’s smartphone and quickly went viral, reigniting smoldering racial tensions concerning an ever-expanding list of Black lives lost as a result of questionable police actions. The unsettling facts surrounding Floyd’s death have resulted in a steady stream of nationwide and global street protests. Moreover, several civil rights leaders have proclaimed that public backlash surrounding Floyd’s death seems different than after preceding high-profile tragedies. Floyd’s murder mobilized a racially diverse coalition of social justice advocates, who have demanded sweeping public safety, economic, and political changes. Further, shortly after Floyd’s killing, rallying cries to defund the police or outright dissolve departments gained traction with several groups pushing police reform, including some quarters of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement. While activists’ initial demands understandably might have stemmed from profound anger, fear, and emotional fatigue regarding historical racial oppression, shared definitions of divestment or abolition and clear strategies for pursuing them were often lacking. The early calls to defund police eventually coalesced around the idea of tactically redirecting public funds to social service organizations so that rank-and-file officers would no longer shoulder responsibility for public safety functions that might best be handled by other trained professionals. -
Open Farber Thesis Final.Pdf
THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHREYER HONORS COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY Conflicting Identities: Algerian Jewish Migration to France as a Result of the Algerian War, 1954-1962 ELINOR FARBER SPRING 2021 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for baccalaureate degrees in History, Economics, and French with honors in History Reviewed and approved* by the following: Tobias Brinkmann Malvin and Lea Bank Associate Professor of Jewish Studies and History Thesis Supervisor Cathleen Cahill Associate Professor of History Honors Adviser * Electronic approvals are on file. i ABSTRACT In 1954, the Algerian War of Independence from France began. Algeria’s Jewish population, which numbered around 140,000 at its height in 1954, had lived in Algeria for centuries and gained French citizenship in 1870 with the passing of the Crémieux Decree. Although as a collective Algeria’s Jews remained neutral throughout the Algerian War, they faced violence and negative economic consequences. Additionally, representatives from both sides of the war met with Algerian Jewish leaders to try to win their support. Algeria gained its independence in 1962, and around 90% of Algeria’s Jewish population immigrated to France as a result. Once in France, they faced housing and job shortages, as well as some discrimination from the French Jewish community. However, they were able to integrate into French society rather quickly and reinvigorate the French Jewish community. Throughout the war and their migration to France, they experienced conflicting